P.O. Box 12-90138; Makindu; Tel: Tel: 020 3534232 Email: Director.Arlri@Kalro.Org; Karikiboko@Yahoo.Com

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KENYA AGRICULTURAL AND LIVESTOCK RESEARCH ORGANISATION ARID AND RANGE LANDS RESEARCH INSTITUTE P.O. Box 12-90138; Makindu; Tel: Tel: 020 3534232 Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

INVENTORIZATION OF TECHNOLOGIES, INFORMATION & INNOVATIONS DEVELOPED AT KALRO - ARID AND RANGE LANDS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, KIBOKO RESEARCH CENTRE FOR THE PERIOD 2009-2014

November 2014

Technologies, Information and Innovations inEcology and Natural Resource Management Developed at ARLRI Kiboko Research Centre From 2009-2014

Technology/information Factors influencing Socioeconomic analysis of Utilization of Essentials for Effects of Effect of /innovation name adoption of Natural reseeding rangelands of traditional effective conservation conservation Pasture Kenya indicators for pastoralists’ technologies on technologies on Improvement weather wildlife pastoral pastoral land (NaPI)Technologies prediction in conservation production ecology Pastoral Systems systems Category ( i.e. Information Information Innovation Information Information Information technology, information or innovation) Technology description Factors influencing Social and economics Specific - Extend of - Effect of - Effect of adoption of natural (gross margin and cost traditional changing Community Community pasture improvement benefit ratio) of improving indicators used pastoralists Wildlife Sanctuary Wildlife (NaPI) determined natural pasture determined to forecast perception on pastoral Sanctuary weather toward wildlife production establishment on evaluated determined land cover, species diversity and richness determined Justification ( objective Assess the social and -Higher demand for forage -Density of -Pastoralist - Optimize pastoral - inadequate of technology) economic factors that improvement materials. weather stations view wildlife as returns from information on influence the adoption -Low adoption of reseeding in Africa and liability livestock and ecological effects and diffusion of NaPI technology especially ECA - Passive wildlife on pastoral areas technologies for wider -inadequate information on region low and participation of - Scanty of community uptake and diffusion its socioeconomic inadequate pastoralists in information on Wildlife -Lack of elaborate -High temporal conservation how wildlife Sanctuaries marketing systems of and spatial - Change conservation - effect of CWS natural pasture products variability of arising from technologies affect on land cover -Low priorities assigned to weather in lessons learnt pastoral livestock established

range management and pastoral system from earlier production sown pasture by farmers - communities establishment and the government. have used assessed traditional lore for eons -Traditional lore on weather forecasting disappearing Fast Region promoted Makindu and Mashuru Southern rangelands of Baringo, Tana Laikipia, Laikipia and Laikipia Sub-Counties Kenya North, Kajiado Kajiado counties Tavetasubcounti Counties es in Kenya, Yabello in Ethiopia Noth West Tanzania Evidence of validation Technical report -Technical report -Bulletins -Conference -Conference papers -Conference LRRD Journal paper -KASAL end of project -Conference papers -- Phd thesis presentation proceeding papers - Phd thesis - Phd thesis -Feedback meeting minutes Users of technology Research/Universities Research/Universities -Agro -Pastoralists -Pastoralists -Pastoralists institution institution pastoralists Agro pastoralists and Agro pastoralists and -Pastoralists pastoralists pastoralists Approaches of Training and feedback Training and feedback -Feedback -Workshops -Workshops - Exposure tours dissemination workshops workshops meetings - Feedback - Feedback to successful FGDs FGDs -Community meetings meetings establishments meetings - Feedback -Bulletins meetings Most effective approach Training and feedback Training and feedback Community -Exposure tours -Exposure tours -Exposure tours workshops workshops meetings Critical/essential factors Age and education Social issues are sex, age -Community - Presence of - Presence of - Presence of

for successful promotion level of household and level of eduction of the understanding wildlife wildlife wildlife head, land ownerships head of the household of indicators in - community - community - community and affiliation to Economic factors are size their area support support support farmers group(s) are of the land and herd size factors to consider for a wider uptake and diffusion of NaPI technologies Partners/stakeholder for MoALF, NGO, CBOs MoALF, NGO, CBOs -Meteorology - Extension - KWS - KWS scaling up -NGOs Agents - NGOs - NGOs -CBOs - NGOs - CBOs - CBOs - CBOs - Extension Agents - Extension Agents Current extent of reach Not estimated Not estimated NE NA NA NA Challenges in Inadequate Inadequate quantity of -Inadequate -conservation - Conservation - Conservation dissemination information on NaPI range grass seed institutionalisati politics politics politics technologies Informal marketing of grass on -Inadequate -Inadequate -Inadequate data seed - Effects of policies policies on ecological climate change -Inadequate - Wholesome effects of on indicators community adoption of technologies capacity conservation - attitude toward models wildlife - High start-up capital for wildlife enterprises Recommendations for Research-extension Linking to KEPHIS for - - All operation - Develop policies -Generate data to addressing challenges linkage needs to be seed certification Institutionalizati in CWS should and legal validate claims of enhanced to facilitate on be above board infrastructure to conservation information flow - development - Partnerships govern Community effects of database and should be based Conservation continuous functional monitoring of

the indicators Lessons learnt -To enhance adoption, Intensive traininig on NaPI -Communities - Transparency -Zoning of pastoral - Effect of CWS farmers need more technologies, provision of consider enhances grazing areas for on Pastoral lands information on the grass seed and field days traditional community trust conservation not ecology benefits associate with indicators more popular approach depended on of NaPI technologies reliable - some degree of livestock access - Participatory - Some CWS management -CWS enhances approach through communities flexibility to degradation in establishment of demo depend only on accommodate livestock grazing plots for enhanced traditional livestock areas. adoption indicators for minimizes weather conflicts forecasting - ITK knowledge is getting lost due to religious, education and generational change -Some communities have seers for weather forecasting Social, environmental All gender to be All gender involvement - -Enhanced Enhanced Enhanced and market conditions involved from Formal market for range Acknowledgem community community community necessary technology grass seed ent and respect capacity capacity capacity development for indigenous -reduction of -reduction of trade -reduction of technical trade barriers barriers trade barriers knowledge - Improved - Improved - Improved (ITK) security security security Basic costs Not Estimated Average = KES 12,625.58 NE -Variable based - Research funds per hectare enterprise type

Estimated returns Not Estimated Average KES 94,052.10 NE per acre Gender issues and The men, women and The men, women and youth -Most of the - all gender to -all gender to be all gender to be concerns in youth should all be should all be involved youth disregard be involved involved involved development and involved the ITK dissemination - Knowledge in the domain of only a few Gender issues and The men, women and The men, women and youth -The youth need Most women -Most women and Most women and concerns in adoption youth should all be should all be involved to be educated and youth youth do not own youth do not own and scaling up involved on ITK on land land weather forecasting Gender related Target youth for quick Target youth for quick -Youth to -Successful - A well-managed - A well- opportunities adoption adoption identify with the community CWS would managed CWS ITK for based wildlife benefit all gender create sustainable enterprise opportunities for resource use benefit all all gender and gender in jobs conservation and income Success stories NA NA Tana North experience where the community have one elder known across the Orma community as the seer on weather forecasting Application guidelines Not Done Not Done ND ND ND for users Contacts The Centre Director, The Centre Director, The Centre The Centre The Centre The Centre

ARLRI , Kiboko RC, ARLRI , Kiboko RC, P.O. Director, Director, Director, ARLRI , Director, ARLRI P.O. Box 12-90138 Box 12-90138 ARLRI, ARLRI , Kiboko RC, P.O. , Kiboko RC, Makindu Makindu Kiboko RC Kiboko RC, Box 12-90138 P.O. Box 12- Kenya Kenya [email protected] , P.O. Box 12- P.O. Box 12- Makindu 90138 [email protected] 90138 90138 Kenya Makindu Makindu Makindu karikiboko@yahoo Kenya Kenya Kenya .com [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Lead organization and ARLRI, Kiboko RC ARLRI, Kiboko RC ARLRI, ARLRI, ARLRI, Kiboko ARLRI, Kiboko scientist Manyeki JK Manyeki JK Kiboko RC Kiboko RC RC RC Dr.Muthiani Dr.Muthiani Dr.Muthiani E.N Dr.Muthiani E.N E.N E.N Prof.Njoka J.T Prof.Njoka J.T Prof.Njoka J.T Prof.Gitau, G.K Prof.Gitau, G.K Prof.Gitau, G.K Partner organization Egerton University, -The University of Nairobi -TALIRI, -The University -The University of -The University Kenya. -South Eastern University MABUKI of Nairobi Nairobi of Nairobi College Tanzania - OARI, Yabello , Ethiopia

Technologies, Information and Innovations in Ecology and Natural Resource Management Developed at ARLRI Kiboko Research Centre from 2009-2014

Technology/informat Effect of land-use Carbon Irrigated forage Fodder Value Enhanced Benefit/Cost analysis ion/innovation name change from sequestration production in ASAL chain in ASAL Honey VC in of reseeding using ox- ranching to assessment in ASAL furrows and range smallholder grasslands pitting farming in ASAL Category ( i.e. Information Information Technology Information Information Information technology, information or innovation) Technology Impact of Land-use -Potential of Grass species known Status of fodder Constraints to Comparison of description Change on grasslands in to perform well under value chain in harnessing the Benefit/Cost of Ecology, Resource semi -arid areas irrigation (Cenchrus selected arid and enormous honey reseeding with two land Productivity and to sequester ciliaris and Sudan semi arid areas potential in the preparations methods Adaptive Strategies carbon was grass) planted and evaluated ASAL i.e. range pitting and of Smallholder assessed irrigated determined ox-furrows Agro-Pastoralists determined

Justification ( - Inadequate Amount of -Growing of forage -ASAL livestock -Kenya imports The reseeding objective of information on Carbon in pastoral production honeys despites approaches have been technology) ecological and sequestered communities under constraint by feed an existing huge carried out in Southern socio-economic variable in irrigation reduces availability potential rangelands but the effect of land use different land and resource use -ASAL - Current benefit/cost analysis change in ASALs ecosystems conflict especially characterised by production only not done. – Generate - enhanced land -Land use, season during drought 1. Surplus and a fifth of information to guide degradation due to and vegetation - initially dry season scarcity of forage estimated farmers on decision to land use changes impact on carbon grazing areas planted during wet and dry potential(100,000 take up reseeding. and subdivisions storage and with maize seasons respectively metric tonnes 9

budget benefitting only a few 2.Temporal honey, 10,000 households variability in feed tonnes bees wax) availability

Region promoted ASAL of Kenya Southern ethiopia Marigat, Tana North, Southern and Makueni and Southern rangelands of TaitaTaveta, Northern Kajiado counties Kenya (Kajiado, Mbalabala Rangelands TaitaTaveta, Machakos, subcounties in Makueni) Kenya, North West Tanzania Evidence of Msc. Thesis Msc. thesis Technical report - Conference paper Technical reports Yes validation - Technical report -Conference publications -Honey sample analysis report Users of technology Range managers, Range managers, Agro pastoralists and Agropastoralist and Agro pastoralists Reseeding/rehabilitatin governments, governments, pastoralists Pastoralists and pastoralists g degraded rangelands policy makers, NGOs, NGOs, institutions institutions involved in involved in environmental climate change conservation issues, environmental organizations Approaches of Feedback meetings Feedback On-farm -Focus group On-farm Field days, On-farm dissemination and Publications meetings and Demonstration discussion Demonstration demonstrations, Flyers, Publications -Training Technical reports, workshops Technical papers -Feedback Conference workshops Most effective Publications Mostly On-farm Innovation Training On-farm approach publications demonstration plaftforms workshops demonstrations based on the users of the

information Critical/essential Linkages with Linkages with -Functional fodder - commercially -Functional None factors for successful policy makers, universities and value chain oriented livestock Honey Value promotion advocates of research production in chain resource organizations i pastoral systems conservation in ASAL and pastoral and agro-pastoral communities Partners/stakeholder - Policy makers Research MoALF, NGO, MoALF MoALF, NGO, Ministry of Agriculture for scaling up - Extension organizations – CBOs CBOs CBOs livestock department Agents eg. ILRI, NGOs - NGOs university of - Farmer groups Hohenheim , GrasNet project Current extent of Farmers in study The semi arid NE NE NE Southern rangelands of reach sites only grasslands, Kenya (Kajiado, different TaitaTaveta, Machakos, ecosystems Makueni) involved in carbon sequestration activities Challenges in -The notion of Community -High cost of seed Resources -Lack of a Labour intensiveness dissemination individual land involvement – -Inadequate seed functional honey ownership most did not - high start up capital value chain -poor management understand the -underdeveloped of ranches that rationale of the fodder value chain fuels calls for project due to subdivisions education levels Recommendations Aggressive Aggressive -Avail seed at Source for resources -Develop a Mechanization for addressing involvement of involvement of cheaper cost Honey Value challenges community in all community in all - provide financial chain aspects of planning aspects of services

and implementation planning and -Develop ASAL of activities implementation fodder value chain of activities Lessons learnt -Irrigated forage -ASAL fodder value -beekeeping has The two approaches production is chain is the potential to both break even profitable underdeveloped improve the - Irrigated forage -Development of living standards production cushions ASAL Fodder VC of the ASAL livestock during has great potential communities drought for improved -Bee populations livestock production are reducing -Bee forage is on the decline

-Land use change has affected bee keeping adversely -log hive are mostly used -High cost of modern hives constrain adoption Social, - Product oriented -Functional None environmental and production Honey VC market conditions - necessary Basic costs Sampling costs, Sampling costs, KSh7000 (US$83) NE Apiary Land, labour, farm analysis, travel, analysis, travel, and 14000 (US$165) establishment implements researchers and researchers and using drought or support staff e.t.c support staff e.t.c tractor per acre excluding cost of water pump Estimated returns N/A N/A US$ 360 /ha ND Benefit/Cost ratio more

than 1 Gender issues and N/A N/A The men. Women Need to involve all -Fewer women Men, women, youth concerns in and youth should all categories of gender engage in bee can get involved development and be involved farming due to dissemination type of hives used Gender issues and N/A N/A The men. Women All gender to be -Promote hives None concerns in adoption and youth should all considered that include and scaling up be involved women Gender related N/A N/A -Reduces length of Efficient Fodder VC -Bee keeping can None opportunities time women take in will benefit all provide women looking for feed for gender interms of and youth with young stock improved food sources of - Reduces time from security and income livestock migration livelihoods hence family cohesiveness Success stories Project ongoing Case of Korio Farm NA -37 bee keepers None Similar work and BiskideraJabesa trained in undertaken group in TanaNortth, Makueni county elsewhere SingaleBuradanzaTilt -Honey samples especially in il Farms in from trained agricultural Mbalabala, Garissa groups environments indicated yielding positive improved quality results in Africa through payments of carbon credits. Application ND ND ND ND Beekeeping None guidelines for users Manual Contacts The Centre The Centre The Centre Director, The Centre The Centre KALRO – Kiboko Director, ARLRI, Director, ARLRI, ARLRI , Kiboko RC, Director, ARLRI , Director, ARLRI P.O. Box 12-90138 Kiboko RC Kiboko RC P.O. Box 12-90138 Kiboko RC, P.O. , Kiboko RC P.O. Box 12-90138 P.O. Box 12- Makindu Box 12-90138 P.O. Box 12-

Makindu 90138 Kenya Makindu 90138 Kenya Makindu [email protected] Kenya Makindu [email protected] Kenya [email protected] Kenya [email protected] [email protected] Lead organization ARLRI, Mr.KidakeBosco ARLRI, Kiboko RC ARLRI, Kiboko RC ARLRI, Kiboko KALRO and scientist Mrs. E.C. KirwaDr. University of Dr.Muthiani E.N Dr.Muthiani E.N RC Bryan Peter Ogillo M.M. Nyangito hohenhem, ILRI Mr.Kimitei R Prof D. Nyariki

Partner organization The University of Haramaya -TALIRI, MABUKI ICIPE, Kibwezi University of Nairobi Nairobi University, Tanzania Women beekeeps Ethiopia, Yabello - OARI, Yabello , Group agricultural Ethiopia MoALF research institute

Technologies, Information and Innovations in Livestock Production Developed at ARLRI Kiboko Research Centre from 2009-2014

Technology/information Parasite resistance in Estimation of supply Improving value Feed Conservation The use of animal and /innovation name Young stock in ASAL response of livestock of crop residue strategies using local farm models as decision products using browse structures support tools in dairy Cattle production Category ( i.e. Information Information Innovation Information Information technology, information or innovation)

Technology description Young stock treated Factors that influence -Locally available -Effectiveness of Effectiveness of digital with different anti- supply of livestock underutilized feed different local feed platforms in making helminthics and products determined materials used to conservation structures economic decisions in monitored. formulated cattle dairy production balanced feed systems Justification ( objective -Studies report The supply response of -Increase feed -Reduce feed quality -Producers lack simple of technology) development of livestock producers is a availability losses ways of assessing the resistance to all classes critical component in -Reduce feed costs -Increase feed effects of certain feeding of anti-helminthic in the study of livestock -Improve acceptability regimes on their lactating the market markets hence; productivity -Increase productivity cows. Decisions made in - Availability of fake -Analyze the the farm have products in the market relationships between implications on returns in the supply of livestock dairy farm operations. – Inadequate skills to products and their Models can be used to properly diagnose and influencing factors assess the economic select the right drug -Estimate the livestock implication of farm among livestock products supply decisions. keepers responses (in terms of - Increase use of models _ Inadequate signs and absolute to assess economic information available magnitudes) and implication of farm on helminthes analyze their effect on decisions resistance in the the supply of livestock ASALs of Kenya products. -Analyze livestock products’ supply determinants.

Region promoted Kajiado and Makueni Kajiado -Tana North -Tana North - Mbeere sub-county, Counties - Marigat - Marigat Embu county -Taveta Sub- -Taveta counties -Turkana west Sub- counties Evidence of validation Technical report MA Thesis -Refereed Journal -Refereed Journal -MSc Thesis Publications Publications - Two Refereed journal

- Phd thesis - Phd thesis publications Users of technology Agro pastoralists and Research/Universities Agro-pastoralists -Agro-pastoralists - Dairy cattle farmers pastoralists institution and Pastoralists -Pastoralists - Farms running different Policy planners farm operations Agro pastoralists and pastoralists

Approaches of On-farm Demonstration Training and feedback -On farm -On farm - Training and dissemination workshops demonstration demonstration feedback FGDs workshops - Seminars Most effective approach On-farm Demonstration Training and feedback On farm - On farm -Seminars workshops demonstration demonstration Critical/essential factors -Availability of right Estimated model shows -functional -functional Innovation - Routine and authentic for successful promotion drugs in the mrkt that price, climate and Innovation platforms farm records in cattle national inflation in platforms dairies that order plays an important role in determining the supply of livestock products Partners/stakeholder for - MoALF, NGOs MoALF, KMC, - Extension Agents - Extension Agents - MoALF scaling up KLMC, NGO, CBOs - NGOs - NGOs - NGOs - CBOs - CBOs - Farmer groups - Farmer groups - Farmer groups Current extent of reach NE Not estimated -low level of NA Not estimated upscaling Challenges in -Inadequate Inadequate information -low literacy level -low literacy levels -low literacy levels on dissemination extension/skilled on commercially - inadequate - inadequate computer services oriented livestock adaptation of adaptation of application/skills -cultural practices production approach to technology technology - inadequate availability respond to supply of computer hardware determinants Recommendations for - Enhance extension Extension materials on -adapt technology -Develop cost - Deepening of computer addressing challenges services market to different areas effective feed skills and reducing cost of 16

incentive/signals conservation techno hardware Lessons learnt - Helminthes a major - collective marketing - Browse -Structures need not be -Farmers don’t keep challenge in the ASAL approach to enjoy harvesting and expensive records of their farm -Pastoralists don’t seek economies of scale conservation - Feed conservation operations for professional advice technologies need not common on parasite control improvement -changing climate - There are substandard -Browse increasing urgency for drugs in the market acceptability low adoption of feed conservation Social, environmental -Proper regulation of Collective approach - browse feed - Stakeholder involvement and market conditions access and dispensing from all stakeholders material need to be necessary of drugs domesticated - Appropriate feed plants management strategies need to be designed and promoted Basic costs ND Not Estimated -Variable based on --Variable based on - Not Estimated the materials used the materials used Estimated returns ND Not Estimated -To be determined - Not Estimated Gender issues and Target men and the NA - Women and youth -The approach is more concerns in youth involved in appealing to the youth development and collection of the dissemination browse -To target women in dissemination Gender issues and NA - -Cattle dairy is mainly concerns in adoption practiced by old men and and scaling up women Gender related -Training of the youth NA - Portends - Quality conserved - Currently most youths opportunities can provide skilled development of feed provide a source are attracted to computer labour besides cottage industry for of income for men, related skills providing employment feed manufacturing women and youth for youth

Success stories NA NA - -None Application guidelines ND Not Done ND ND - Not Done for users Contacts The Centre Director, The Centre Director, The Centre The Centre Director, The Centre Director, ARLRI , Kiboko RC, ARRLRI , Kiboko RC, Director, ARLRI , ARLRI, Kiboko RC. ARLRI, Kiboko RC. P.O. P.O. Box 12-90138 P.O. Box 12-90138 Kiboko RC P.O. Box 12-90138 Box 12-90138 Makindu Makindu P.O. Box 12-90138 Makindu Makindu Kenya [email protected] Kenya [email protected] Makindu Kenya Kenya Kenya [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Lead organization and ARLRI, Kiboko RC ARRLRI, Kiboko RC ARLRI, Kiboko ARLRI, Kiboko RC - ARLRI, Kiboko RC scientist Mr.Katiku P.N Manyeki JK RC Mr. A.J.N. Ndathi Mr.Katiku P.N Dr. A.J.N. Ndathi Dr. M.M. Nyangito Prof M.M. Prof. N.R.K. Musimba Nyangito Prof. B.N. Mitaru Prof. N.R.K. Musimba Prof. B.N. Mitaru Partner organization UoN, ILRI

Technologies, Information and Innovations in Livestock Production Developed at ARLRI Kiboko Research Centre From 2009-2014

Technology/information Use of Acacia tortilis pods Utilization of Prosopis Use of Cotton Marketing Cattle, Performance of Sahiwal /innovation name as a supplementary feed juliflora pods to seedcake as a sheep and Goats and their crosses improve livestock supplementary compared with Small productivity feed East African Zebu (SEAZ) Category ( i.e. Technology Innovation Technology Information Information technology, information or innovation) Technology description -Acacia tortilis pods are -Prosopis juliflora pods Cotton seed cake Market requirements Community perceptions mixed with dried grass hay, milled and flour used to mixed with low for cattle and shoats on performance of normally low in protein to formulate feed ration quality grass hay to determined Sahiwal, their crosses and make a wholesome feed based on type of increase growth and SEAZ assessed ration livestock and yield production objective Justification ( objective -the pods are cheap and -Prosopis Juliflora a -Cotton seedcake is -Mismatch between -Small East African Zebu of technology) locally available menace available as a by- supply and demand of (SEAZ) a hardy breed -low milk yield and slow - P. juliflora is high in product in cotton beef, sheep and goat - SEAZ been replaced by growth rates during drought protein ginneries meat due to Sahiwal and their -Grass hay low in protein - P.juliflora removal -low milk yield and inadequate production crosses. and milling reduces slow growth rates and market planning - Sahiwal vulnerable to spread of the weed leading to‘market both droughts and - use of P.juliflora as failure’. diseases. livestock feed - Address the causes -Info on performance of of market failure sahiwal and their crosses - Develop an efficient in semi-arid areas red meat value chain characterised by feed stress scanty

Region promoted Southeastern (Makueni, Baringo, Tana North, South-eastern Makueni and Kajiado Not yet promoted

Taita- Taveta), and Northern Tavetasubcounties in Kenya rangelands- counties Kenya rangelands (Baringo). Kenya, Makueni, Taita- Taveta. Evidence of validation -Msc. Thesis -Technical reports -Msc. Thesis Technical report Technical report - Refereed journal paper - Refereed journal paper Users of technology Agro-pastoralists and Agro-pastoralists and Agro-pastoralists Policy planners Pastoralists Pastoralists Pastoralists and Pastoralists Agro pastoralists and pastoralists Approaches of - on farm demonstration - on farm - on farm Training and Field days, agricultural dissemination - posters demonstration demonstration feedback shows, Farmer group -conferences - posters - posters workshops sensitization, leaf lets, -Field days -conferences -conferences FGDs brochures. -Field days -Field days Most effective approach -Field days -Field days -Field days Training and feedback Farmer field day workshops Critical/essential factors -availability of Acacia tortilis -Availability of -Availability of commercially oriented Need for on-farm for successful promotion pods P.Juliflora or any other Acacia tortilis pods livestock production in validation, production of high and cheap protein pastoral and agro- brochures source pastoral systems Partners/stakeholder for - Extension Agents - Extension Agents - Extension Agents MoALF, KMC, KLMC Ministry of Agriculture, scaling up - NGOs - NGOs - NGOs Livestock and Fisheries - feed manufacturers - feed manufacturers - feed manufacturers development extension - staff, contact farmers Current extent of reach NE NE NE Not estimated NE Challenges in -inadequate skills in ration - inadequate skills in -inadequate skills in Inadequate extension Facilitation to; conduct dissemination formulation ration formulation ration formulation information on adoption study, produce -labour intensive (harvest -labour intensive - export/local market brochures and storage) (harvest and storage) requirements for cattle -weak extension service -labour intensive and shoats (harvest and storage) - Attitude towards P.juliflora -requires substantial 20

starting capital

Recommendations for Capacity building - Capacity build Capacity building Extension materials on Source funds to facilitate addressing challenges - backstopping/ facilitation of pastoral communities - backstopping/ market requirements adoption studies, on-farm contact farmers as -develop an efficient facilitation of demonstrations demonstration units pod harvesting contact farmers as -access to credit facility to technique demonstration units hire labour -Sensitization on use of -access to credit P. juliflora facility to hire labour Lessons learnt -bulky pods requiring large - P.juliflora is a -cost of cotton -Need to package and Lack of knowledge by the storage space resource if well seedcake is high disseminate farmers on the use of the - crush the pods to reduce managed - technologies for supplements especially substitution of the basal diet, quality beef, and sheep cotton seed cake - grinding to release nutrients and goats production from the seed - Need to share -there is need to bulk because information on the pods are available different livestock seasonally market quality requirement standards Social, environmental Need to have policy to - Attitude change policy to improve Stakeholder Need for initial capital for and market conditions conserve and plant more - Availability of cotton production involvement the farmers to purchase necessary Acacia tortilis trees efficient P.juliflora locally the supplements -Need to identify a market management --improve cotton for the pods esp. feed technology producer prices companies -subsidize cotton production inputs Basic costs Ksh300/bag of 30kg NE Ksh. 650/bag of Not Estimated Cost of the supplement. 50kg Labour cost of feeding Estimated returns Ksh 40/kg/day NE Ksh 80/kg/day Not Estimated NE Gender issues and -Women and youth involved - Target women and - To target women The men, women and Technology development concerns in in collection of the pods youth in dissemination youth should all be has to involve men in development and -To target women in involved pastoralist communities dissemination dissemination because they are the ones

who have overall control of the cattle. Gender issues and -need to involve men -Milling of pods done -need to involve The men. Women and The technology is concerns in adoption especially in pastoralist by men men especially in youth should all be targeting men in and scaling up communities pastoralist involved pastoralist communities communities because they are the ones who have overall control of the cattle Gender related more milk for women and - Development of -more milk for Functioning marketing better nutrition among opportunities children cottage industries by women and children will benefit all gender children, elderly persons - animals attain market communities if - animals attain and vulnerable groups weight faster thus benefitting technology is refined market weight faster from increased income the men esp. the milling of thus benefitting the accruing from improved P.juliflora men liveweight gains Success stories - P. juliflora flour been - NA NA incooporated in commercial feeds e.g Sigma Feeds Application guidelines ND ND ND Not Done ND for users Contacts The Centre Director, ARLRI The Centre Director, The Centre The Centre Director, The Centre Director, , Kiboko RC ARLRI, Kiboko RC Director, ARLRI , ARLRI , Kiboko RC, ARLRI, Kiboko RC P.O. Box 12-90138 , P.O. Box 12-90138 Kiboko RC P.O. Box 12-90138 P.O. Box 12-90138 Makindu Makindu P.O. Box 12-90138 Makindu Makindu Kenya Kenya [email protected] Makindu Kenya Kenya [email protected] Kenya [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Lead organization and ARLRI, Kiboko RC ARLRI, Kiboko RC ARLRI, Kiboko ARLRI, Kiboko RC ARLRI, Kiboko RC scientist Mr.Bii, J.C Dr.Ndathi A.J.N RC Manyeki JK Mr.Bii J.C, Prof S.A Abdukrazak. Mr.Bii, J.C Dr.Mukisira E.A Prof S.A Abdukrazak. Dr. Mukisira E.A Partner organization MoALF Egerton University,

Kenya.

Please note: NA- Not available NE- Not estimated ND- Not done