October-November 2013 Volume 8 No. 5 `100.00 (India-Based Buyer Only)
www.spsnavalforces.net ROUNDUP
Page 4 cover story Guns Remain in Navy’s Future Plans Companion systems having both the gun and the missile launcher is the trend which may change by 2030, only if the missile costs and sizes drop drastically and the numbers stored onboard can be increased substantially. Indo-Oman Rear Admiral (Retd) Dr S. Kulshrestha
Page 6 Patrolling with Submarines, Ships & Boats Maritime Relations During wartime, maritime patrolling is critical Photograph: BAE Systems but it is also essential in peacetime due to piracy, terrorism, smuggling, protection of A file photograph of fishing areas, exclusive economic zone and Al Shamikh in Oman sea lines of communication. Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand
Page 8 Autonomous Undersea Vehicles Surfacing
UUVs have undergone over three decades of development and experimentation effort spearheaded by the US Navy. Rapid induction of UUVs in large numbers is likely to revolutionise naval operations itself. Rear Admiral (Retd) Dr S. Kulshrestha
Page 11 Big Blow to the Navy Eighteen submariners lost their lives. Their families, the submarine arm and the Navy need answers to ensure closure. The Chief Oman overlooks the Strait of Hormuz which is the sole entrance to the Arabian Gulf of the Naval Staff said, “We will hope for the best and prepare for the worst.” and the access of oil supplies to the world. The Royal Navy of Oman’s fleet consists of Vice Admiral (Retd) K.N. Sushil various craft equipped with state-of-the-art combat systems, capable of carrying out its Plus role under all circumstances. Naval bases and other units have been built to provide Indian Navy’s First AJT operational, logistic and administrative support to the fleet. Inducted 3 Interview: Alain Houard, n Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand The Ottoman Navy took over the port of Oman is one of the most developed and Vice President, Dassault Systèmes 10 Oman in 1522 during the fight for control stable countries in the Arab world. Oman Show Report / over the Persian Gulf. From the 17th cen- has long prospered by trading in the NAMEXPO 2013 12 he Sultanate of Oman (con- tury onwards, Oman had its own empire. Indian Ocean. Oman follows a moderate ventionally called Oman) is an During the 19th century, Oman was at the and independent foreign policy which SP’s Exclusive 14 Arab state in the South West peak of its power and vied with Portugal is aimed at maintaining good relations Asia. It is strategically located and Britain for influence in the Persian with all Middle East countries. In 1981, News in Brief 15 at the mouth of the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean. Oman’s power Oman became a founding member of the TGulf, on the southeast coast of the Ara- declined during the 20th century and it six-nation Gulf Cooperation Council. The bian Peninsula. Its coast is formed by the came under the influence of UK, although present king Sultan Qaboos is educated Arabian Sea on the south-east and the it was never part of the British Empire or at the Royal Academy Sandhurst and is Gulf of Oman on the north-east. The Por- its protectorate. Oman has long-standing respected by his fellow Gulf rulers as a tuguese explorers arrived in Oman dur- military and political ties with the US defence strategist who has long seen the ing 1507 and occupied Muscat till 1650, and UK. Oman is an absolute monarchy US as the key security guarantor of the Applied for which they used to protect their sea lanes. and according to international indices, region. Oman was the first Persian Gulf
5/2013 1 cover story
The fifth issue of SP’s Naval Forces starts strategy to stabilise the Arabian Sea as well General (Nuclear Safety). The article on with an article on 20 years of Indo-Oman as the Persian Gulf which are two of the maritime patrolling capability and a show maritime relationship. The Sultanate of world’s most volatile sea links. report on the recently held Naval and Mari- Oman (conventionally called Oman) is stra- This issue has well researched articles time Expo 2013 just about wraps this issue tegically located at the mouth of the Persian on naval guns and on unmanned under- with the usual News in Brief. Gulf, on the south-east coast of the Ara- sea vehicles (UUV). UUVs were used suc- Happy reading! bian Peninsula. Oman is one of the most cessfully in Operation Iraqi Freedom by developed and stable countries in the Arab US’ Naval Special Clearance Team One world. Oman has long prospered by trad- for mine hunting. They also carried out ing in the Indian Ocean. Oman is a mari- operations in port of Umm Qsar, up river at time nation with a coastline of 2,092 km. Its Karbala and Az Zubayr, Iraq. mainstay of the economy is oil and gas. It is Dassault Systèmes, the 3DEXPERI- 25th in the world for oil reserves and 27th in ENCE Company, provides business and
EDITORIAL the world for gas reserves. people with virtual universes to produce Indian Defence Minister A.K. Antony sustainable innovations. Read more about visited Oman in May 2010 to reinforce Dassault Systémes in the interview with India’s bilateral security ties in the Gulf Alain Houard, Vice President Marine and region where other major powers, including Offshore Industry. China, have deepened their strategic mili- There is an article on Sindhurakshak tary cooperation. incident written by a veteran submariner India’s bilateral security ties have who has held important positions such as Jayant BaranwaL Flag Officer, (Submarines); Assistant Chief advanced over the years with Oman, which Publisher & Editor-in-Chief has become central to any international of Naval Staff (Submarines) and Inspector
PhotographS: PIB, BAE Systems state to formally allow the US military to zz Protect naval bases and other RNO use its military facilities. It has hosted the establishments. US forces during every US military opera- zz Ensure sea shipping for SAF units along tion in and around the Gulf since 1980 and the Sultanate coasts, has become a significant buyer of the US zz Conduct hydrographic surveys for the military equipment. Oman is also a partner Omani coasts. in the US efforts to counter-terrorism and zz Provide support to Royal Air Force of piracy in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea. Oman and Royal Oman Police (who also Maritime facts: Oman has a coastline have the mandate to provide coastal of 2,092 km. Its maritime claims include security). territorial sea of 12 nm (about 22 km), zz Provide assistance to civilians during contiguous zone of 24 nm (about 44 km) disasters and firefighting at sea. and exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 200 zz Support coastguard unit to deter piracy nm (about 370 km) which is about half a operations and illegal migration, fight million km2. smuggling operations. Oil and gas: Similar to other Arab coun- zz To support foreign relations of the Sul- tries, oil is the mainstay of the economy of tanate by implementing courtesy visits Oman but its oil and gas reserves are not as programmes from/to the brotherly and large as some of the other Arab countries friendly countries. in the neighbourhood. The Ministry of Oil zz To protect fishing zones and other nat- and Gas is responsible for all oil and gas ural resources. infrastructure and projects. Details of oil A.K. Antony in Muscat in 2010. Defence Minister of Oman, Sayyid Badr bin Saud bin Harib Al Busaidi is also seen. and gas production and reserves are: Naval Surface Combatants zz Crude oil (production): 915,600 bbl/ Oman has a modest fleet as compared to day (in 2012); 22 in the world. Al Rahmani warship handed India but it is adequate for its vision and zz Crude oil (proved reserves): 4.902 bil- over to Royal Navy of Oman role. It has five modern corvettes and lion bbl (as on January 1, 2012); 25 in about a dozen patrol and coastal combat- the world. ants. RNO has also ordered three offshore zz Natural gas (production): 35.94 billion patrol vessels (OPVs). The OPVs are to be cu m (in 2012); 26 in the world. known as the Khareef Class Corvettes. The zz Natural gas (proved reserves): 849.5 first two have been delivered and work billion cu m (as on January 1, 2012); 27 is on the thired. Singapore Technologies in the world. Engineering Ltd had secured a contract to design and build four patrol vessels (PVs) Armed Forces of Oman for RNO which are likely to be delivered Oman’s armed forces consist of the between 2015 and 2016. These PVs are following: 75-metre-long based on its proprietary zz Royal Army of Oman fearless class PV. zz Royal Navy of Oman zz Royal Air Force of Oman Indo-Oman Bilateral Relations Oman maintains separate armed India and Oman are linked by geography, personnel to guard the royal house- history and culture. There is evidence to hold consisting of guards, special forces suggest that there was a people to people staff, sailors and pilots. It also maintains contact during the Indus Valley Civilisa- paramilitary forces. tion and later on there were links with the Gujarat and Malabar coasts. Some salient Royal Navy of Oman (RNO) aspects are: Sultan Qaboos took over as head of the out its role under all circumstances. Naval gation, supporting development plans zz Bilateral relations between India and state on July 23, 1970, and is the Supreme bases and other units were built to provide and preserving security and dignity of Oman were formally established in Commander of the Armed Forces. He operational, logistic and administrative Oman. The future vision of RNO focuses 1953 with the Indo-Oman Treaty of realised the importance of Oman’s stra- support to the fleet. on future strength of the fleet by -pro Friendship, Navigation and Commerce. tegic location with its long coastline, con- viding it with advanced ships of various It was the first treaty between India and necting the trade routes between the East Vision types to fulfill its operational role. In any Arab country. and the West. Oman overlooks the Strait of RNO has a National Strategic Plan for the addition it also provides naval support zz Naval exercises have contributed to Hormuz which is the sole entrance to the modernisation of naval fleet, support sys- units for the fleet. strengthening of bilateral ties between Arabian Gulf and the access of oil supplies tems and bases. It primarily focuses on India and Oman. to the world. The Sultan has thus spared the policy of phasing in and phasing out Role of RNO zz The signing of a memorandum of no effort to build a modern and efficient of ships and supporting the fleet with The role and duties of RNO are: understanding on Defence Cooperation naval force capable of securing national advanced vessels to maintain the sover- zz To impose national sovereignty on in December 2005 and establishment interests of Oman. The fleet consists of eignty of Omani waters so that security Omani territorial waters. of the Joint Military Cooperation in various craft equipped with state-of-the- and national tasks are safely preserved. zz Secure patrol tasks in territorial water March 2006 has set the foundation for
www.spsnavalforces.net art combat systems, capable of carrying This is in addition to safeguarding navi- and the EEZ. increased defence cooperation.
2 5/2013 cover story / NAVAL AVIATION
zz Naval cooperation between the coun- India’s bilateral security ties have as a regional hub in the multilateral fight the Indian Ocean is on the wane but issues tries has progressed steadily with advanced over the years with Oman, which against piracy. He added that “naval coop- on land in Somalia need to be resolved to increased port visits by naval ships and has become central to any international eration forms an important pillar of our completely eradicate the menace and create training of RNO personnel by the Indian strategy to stabilise the Arabian Sea as well multi-faceted relationship. The Indian Navy safe passage for a large part of the world’s Navy in hydrography, diving, training as the Persian Gulf, the world’s most vol- and RNO regularly conduct exercises, and maritime traffic that passes through the management, logistics management atile sea links. They also come under the training exchanges at all levels have further trade route of the Gulf of Aden.” He pointed and dockyard management. shadow of terrorism, piracy and increasing cemented bilateral ties. Oman has become out that Oman’s ports, especially Salalah in zz The state-owned Goa Shipyard Limited illegal traffic in narcotics, arms and person- an exceptionally reliable and close friend the south, was handy for Indian warships (GSL) has previously delivered three nel. Post signing of a protocol on military of India in supporting operations of our dealing with the problem of piracy. He tugboats to Oman and is now getting relations, India and Oman have developed ships and aircraft in the region. I think that added that “like naval forces of the other further orders from Oman. vibrant military cooperation during the every country represented here today owes countries in the world, the Indian Navy also zz Several Indo-Oman bilateral naval exer- last decade. Maritime cooperation between a vote of thanks to Oman.” provides safe passage to merchant ships in cises have been successfully carried out India and Oman is essential to impose the Gulf of Aden by escorting ships from and have met the underlying aims of security in the region. This was highlighted Indian Navy-Royal Navy of Oman Exercise the start to the end point of a corridor con- the operation. by Rear Admiral Anil K. Chawla, Flag Offi- The first Indian Navy-Royal Navy of Oman sidered risky. Since Indian naval vessels zz Prime Minister Manmohan Singh visited cer in Command of the Indian Navy’s West- exercise was conducted in 1993. This year are patrolling the Gulf of Aden to counter- Oman in 2008 to reinforce the bilateral ern Fleet while addressing a gathering at marks 20 years of Indian Navy and Royal piracy attempts, the Navy has managed ties. a reception on INS Mysore (on September Navy of Oman bilateral exercises. to capture 100 pirates and foiled over 40 zz As per a defence agreement signed in 22, 2013) at Port Sultan Qaboos when he piracy attempts in the last five years. 2008 between India and Oman, a mari- said that the Omani Government provided Naseem Al Bahr (Sea Breeze) 2013 The Royal Omani Navy Ships partici- time security arrangement was con- important support to the ships of Indian Naseem Al Bahr 2013 will be the ninth pating were Royal Navy of Oman Vessels cluded. Navy’s Western fleet during their deploy- edition of the biennial bilateral exercise (RNOV) missile and gun vessels, RONV Al zz In October 2009, India and Oman con- ment in the Gulf of Aden for anti-piracy between the two navies of India and Omen. Muazzar, RONV Al Mussandam, RONV Al ducted their first joint air exercises, activities. “In fact, it will not be wrong to Four Indian naval ships Mysore, Tarkash, Naja and a Landing ship RNOV Temsah, code named Eastern Bridge, at the Royal state that without Oman’s staunch support Tabar and Aditya have carried out a bien- along with Royal Air Force of Oman air- Air Force of Oman base at Thumrait. to all the navies participating in anti-piracy nial exercise with RNO from September 23 craft F-16, Hawks and Jaguars amongst zz Defence Minister A.K. Antony visited operations in the region, the scourge would onwards. The ships are on a month-long others. The scope and content of naval Oman in May 2010 to reinforce India’s have not been brought under control. Oman overseas deployment which is aimed at exercise Naseem Al Bahr 2013 includes bilateral security ties in the Gulf region is playing a key role in bringing stability in enhancing bilateral ties. The Indian task surface warfare, visit board search and where other major powers, including Somalia.” Speaking on the occasion, J.S. group is headed by Rear Admiral Anil seizure, anti-air warfare, air operation, China, have deepened their strategic Mukul, the Indian Ambassador to Oman, Kumar Chawla, the Flag Officer Command- advanced Helo operations and maritime military cooperation. said that Port of Salalah is fast emerging ing of the Western Fleet. He said, “Piracy in interdiction operations. SP Indian Navy’s First AJT Inducted Four aircraft have been delivered to the Navy, marking the beginning of 17th such fighter trainers to be acquired over the next few years
PhotographS: Indian Navy he Indian Navy has inducted array of maritime reconnaissance aircraft the first Hawk 132, a fourth-gen- and helicopters operate from this premier eration advanced jet trainer (AJT) Naval Air Station on the Eastern seaboard, aircraft, on November 6, 2013, this will be the first time that a fighter at an impressive ceremony held squadron will be based here, leading to a Tat Naval Air Station INS Dega. Admiral D.K. quantum jump in its operational capability. Joshi, Chief of the Naval Staff, who was the chief guest at the event, inducted the air- Contractual Details craft in the presence of Vice Admiral Anil The contract to acquire Hawk (AJT) 132 was Chopra, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, signed on March 26, 2004, and it formally Eastern Naval Command. The ceremony was entered service with the Indian Air Force attended by various Flag Officers and senior (IAF) on February 23, 2008. IAF received officers of the Navy. The industry was rep- 24 aircraft directly from BAE Systems with resented by Dr R.K. Tyagi, Chairman of the deliveries beginning in November 2007 and Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL), and senior further 42 Hawks were assembled by HAL management from HAL; representatives of between 2008 and 2011. All 66 Hawks have British Aerospace (BAE) and Rolls-Royce. The been received by the IAF. In February 2008, aircraft is licensed to be built by HAL, Benga- India ordered 57 additional Hawks, with 40 luru, with transfer of technology (ToT) from for the IAF and 17 for the Navy. These are Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral D.K. Joshi unveiling the induction plaque BAE UK. Four aircraft have been delivered being built by HAL under licence from BAE. to the Navy, marking the beginning of 17th such fighter trainers to be acquired over the Hawk AJT 132 next few years. Fighter training is carried out The Hawk AJT is a dual-seat multi-purpose in three phases i.e. basic, intermediate and trainer aircraft which can also be used as advanced. The induction of this highly capa- a ground attack aircraft or for air defence. ble aircraft will provide the much needed At the centre of an integrated training sys- fillip to the training of combat pilots in the tem, Hawk AJT features the very latest in Navy by bridging the gap between basic fly- advanced simulation for radar, weapons ing training and advanced fighter flying. The and defensive aids training. In-flight simula- Hawk will provide the ab initio naval pilots tion of sensors, state-of-the-art pilot-vehicle with an ideal platform to hone their skills interface, and the ability to use simulated before they graduate to flying high perfor- weapons provides pilots with a realistic mance aircraft and carrier based fighter jets, environment for training. Hawk 132 is thereby making them available operationally equipped with advanced and reliable navi- in a shorter span of time. gation systems and the capability to deploy Speaking on the occasion, Admiral Joshi an impressive array of weaponry including hailed the efforts made by HAL and said air-to-air missiles, air-to-ground rockets, that the Navy looks forward to increased (Left to Right) Commander Hemant Salunkhe, Commaning Officer AJT 132 Squadron; Vice Admiral Shekhar bombs and guns. It can also carry two extra Sinha, FOC-in-C West; Admiral D.K. Joshi, Chief of the Naval Staff; Vice Admiral Anil Chopra, FOC-in-C East; participation from the defence public sec- Captain Shobhit Srivastava, CO Dega and Lieutenant Commander Pradeep Shukla fuel tanks under the wing, which extend tor undertaking (DPSU). “We are proud of its considerable strike range further. The Indian manufactured products and it is hands-on throttle and stick (HOTAS) system evident from the fact that HAL made air- and its defence forces in every possible way. Navy such as Chetaks, Dornier, Kamov, etc on the control column and throttle allows craft such as Vampire and Kiran are with “Our support is not only for Hawk but for followed by exhilarating display of Hawks. the pilot to make weapon selections with- us for decades,” he added. Saluting the sea all platforms of Indian Navy,” he assured. The induction also heralds a new beginning out moving his hands from the controls. warriors, Dr Tyagi, said that the company The highlight of the day was the ceremo- for INS Dega as well, since jet aircraft would The Hawk 132 is a proven aircraft operating remains committed to serve the country nial fly-past by various aircraft of Indian be based here for the first time. While an with many air forces around the world. SP
5/2013 3 Naval Guns Guns Remain in Navy’s Future Plans
Companion systems having both the gun and the missile launcher is the trend which may change by 2030, only if the missile costs and sizes drop drastically and the numbers stored onboard can be increased substantially. Likewise, the electromagnetic rail gun with its non-explosive shells may not replace long-range heavy guns for some time to come.
PhotographS: Oto Melara, US Navy
n Rear Admiral (Retd) Dr S. Kulshrestha Oto Melara’s 76/62 the major navies. Despite some promising Strales gun developments in the recent past, the naval “The kind of fire support that the Marines gun is likely to remain the mainstay at least need for manoeuvre ashore in the littorals till 2025 if not till 2040. Promising develop- is not the tactical Tomahawk, it’s the kind ment on the laser weapon system (LaWS), that comes from a gun....We don’t have it whose prototype is going to be positioned [even though] the requirements have been onboard USS Ponce next year, may lead to articulated.... We have a hard requirement a very cost-effective solution against small for a gun. We are not going to fall off from boats and UAVs, but it cannot replace the that requirement.” naval gun in all its roles. The electromag- —Lt General Emil Bedard, USMC, netic rail gun appears promising and can Deputy Commandant for Programs fire non-explosive shells to large distances (more than 100 km) with great accuracy tudies were carried out in the at velocities up to 7.5 Mach, but it is some United States to meet the require- time away from the prototype stage. The ments of the US marines, after the missiles, despite their falling price cannot massive battleships of Iowa class match the cost benefits afforded by the retired. It was concluded that naval traditional naval gun. In the interim, tech- Sgunfire support had been crucial during nological strides in gun shells and fuses the past operations. Larger calibres provide have demonstrated very high ranges (more support at much larger ranges and are than 100 km) and accuracies. Oto Melara is essential for destroying fortified positions. developing Vulcano and DART munitions To achieve similar effects in suppress- for 127/64 gun and 76/62 Strales. The long- ing the enemy, a much greater number of range land attack projectile (LRLAP) for the Laser weapon system advanced gun system (AGS) mounted on rounds would have to be fired from smaller (LaWS) installed aboard calibre guns like the MK 45 (five-inch). Dur- the guided-missile Zumvalt class destroyers of the US Navy is ing protracted war, the large calibre guns destroyer USS Dewey being developed by BAE Systems. outshine the missiles and smaller calibre guns because of large replacement costs of Advanced Gun System (AGS) the missiles, much less lethality of smaller The 155mm (six-inch) advanced gun sys- calibre rounds as well as the large number tem, manufactured by BAE Systems (Min- of both the missiles and rounds required neapolis), is intended to fill the gaps in to be stored onboard. With the advent of naval gunfire support role of the US Navy precision guidance in larger calibre rounds, in providing a heavy volume, precise and collateral damage has been considerably sustained gunfire support to forces ashore. reduced. The penetration ability in case of The gap has occurred due to decommis- hard targets is practically as good as ord- sioning of the Iowa class battleships, which nance delivered by air. The air operations in had the huge 16-inch guns. The ships could high threat environments are hindered by provide massive support to forces in NSFS availability, mission priorities, weather, as role and could sustain hits due to protec- well as prohibitive costs. All these make the tion by heavy armour plating. large calibre gun a very cost beneficial solu- The AGS was initially known as the ver- tion in naval surface fire support (NSFS). tical gun for advanced ships (VGAS). How- The naval gun continues to be ever, the US Navy decided to go in for the entrenched in its position as the main conventional turret design since the VGAS workhorse armament onboard ships of would have been able to fire only guided Regional Perspective - Naval Guns and AUVs he Indian Navy has the Russian 100mm gun as be installed on its warships. The first lot of these guns are also upgrading and modernising their navies due to its large calibre gun on its major ships also has the are to be directly imported and the rest manufactured the expansion of the Chinese Navy. T76.2mm super rapid gun mount from Oto Melara in India under a technology transfer contract. The Royal on a large number of its ships. For close-in weapon Australian Navy has Mk 75-76/62 Oto Melara, Mk 45- AUVs system (CIWS), it has the AK 630 and the BMP 30mm 127/54 BAE guns, etc. It has plans to upgrade their ship- Indian Navy has floated a requirement for at least 10 AUVs Russian guns. However, the Indian Navy has been look- ping fleet and also acquire new submarines, frigates and in 2010, that can be developed and begin production within ing for a larger calibre gun— 127mm or higher calibre other ships for which gun systems will be required. Japan four years of award of contract. The Navy has chosen to for some time now. The main consideration appears to Maritime Self-Defense Force operates about 114 major exercise the “Make” procedure of India’s Defence Procure- be the fact that it should become the future main gun of ships like helicopter destroyers, Aegis destroyer, guided ment Procedure (DPP) a special category that can be invoked the Indian Navy and therefore the production should be missile destroyers, frigates, submarines, etc. The ships by the armed forces for “high technology complex systems in India, not only for the mount but also for the ammuni- carry guns of the US and Italian origin. Due the expansion designed, developed and produced indigenously”. The Navy tion, further the transfer of technology (ToT) should take of the Chinese Navy, Japan is upgrading and modernis- wants AUVs that can carry “variable payloads like high care of the future upgrades. As far as CIWS is concerned, ing its Navy and thus will need naval guns for their new definition sonars and underwater cameras for surveillance Indian Navy may be looking for a phased replacement of ships. The Republic of Korea has been steadily upgrading reconnaissance activities of the seabed (such as MCM opera- the 30mm, preferably with a higher calibre and having its naval forces since the 1990s to make it a blue-water tions, oceanographic survey and specialised mapping, etc).” commonality with the other services. A RFI for (30 in navy. It also has a large number of patrol vessels. Due to Not much is known about the AOVs held by the navies of number) 40mm guns with electro-optical firing sight had the threat from North Korea and problems in South China the region but it is an emerging field with wide operational been floated by the Navy in 2011. The Defence Acquisi- Sea, Republic of Korea has been modernising its Navy underwater roles. Thus all seafaring nations including China tion Council has also cleared an Indian Navy proposal and thus will require naval guns for their ships. Similarly, are likely to develop/acquire them in the near future. SP for 30mm guns—116 in number worth $300 million—to other countries like Taiwan, Indonesia and Philippines —Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand www.spsnavalforces.net
4 5/2013 Naval Guns
Photograph: BAE Systems munitions and could not have utilised the NSFS roles. It is currently manufactured conventional unguided projectiles. The AGS by BAE Systems Minneapolis, Minnesota. would be fitted on three Zumwalt (DDG It is has been designed for firing longer 1000) class destroyers to support the naval range munitions while retaining the abil- surface fire support (NSFS) missions. The ity to fire all types of existing ammunition. AGS will incorporate the AGS intra-ship The 5”/62-calibre gun has better mainte- rearmament system (AIRS) for loading of nance procedures and improved anti-air ammunition and safely moving AGS pallets and anti-surface capability. Apart from a between the gun magazine’s pallet hoist longer barrel, the modification includes a and the flight deck. The AIRS is an all-elec- digital control system and an ammunition tric system with performance in sea condi- recognition system. It also has redesigned tions up to Sea State 3. Up to 10 rounds per gun shield, strengthened mount and a bet- minute can be fired from each gun from ter barrel. The gun is in use on eight cruis- an automated 304 round magazine. Eight ers of the CG47 class and 30 destroyers LRLAP are palleted along with their propel- of the Arleigh Burke class. The range with lant charges. Thus with fully palleted LRLAP conventional shell is about 15 miles and ammunition and automated magazines, the the rate of fire is 16-20 rounds per minute. Zumwalt class would provide accurate and A new projectile, the standard guided prolonged gunfire support ashore. The AGS projectile (SGP), is being developed by BAE is being manufactured at three locations Systems on lines of the LRLAP for this gun. Long-range land attack namely—Cordova, Alabama; Fridley, Minne- projectile (LRLAP) sota; and Louisville, Kentucky—and is meet- Continued on page 13 ing the ship schedules. The AGS magazines and guns have already been delivered for DDG-1000 to Bath Iron Works. The other two ships are under various stages of deliv- ery as per the requirements of the yard. The LRLAP ammunition is being devel- oped by BAE Louisville and Lockheed Martin Missile and Fire Control, Orlando, Florida. The LRLAP is capable of hitting targets at a range of 137 km with the rocket booster assisted launch. It is multi-piece ammunition and the shell is loaded with modular launch charges and rocket booster. This enables in carrying out multiple rounds, simultaneous impact (MRSI) attack, in which by adjusting the launching charge and elevation up to six shells, it can hit the target within two sec- onds or hit different targets if selected. The shell weight is 11 kg, while the weight of the complete round is 102 kg with a length of 88 inches. The LRLAP deploys its fins after ejec- tion from the barrel and is guided by a com- bination of global positioning system (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS). Being rocket boosted, the CEP is between 20 and 50 metres. This may be improved in future by the incorporation of semi-active laser seeker. The Zumwalt class thus packs a mas- sive punch through its two AGS mountings. However, since the AGS design is spe- cific to the Zumwalt class, it cannot be ret- rofitted on any of the existing ships; BAE has therefore come up with 155mm AGS- Lite (AGS-L). The AGS-L can fire the LRLAP round up to a range of 74 nautical miles at the rate of six rounds per minute for land targets and also be able to fire a high capacity ballistic 155mm ASuW projectile (ASuWP). The AGS-L can store up to 240 LRLAP and 48 ASuWP. It is claimed that it can be tailored to suit existing ships.
Mk 45 Mod 4, 5”/62-Calibre Gun System Upgrade The US Navy has been using the five-inch gun virtually since World War II; this gun packs in a more powerful punch with its heavier shell burst charge than other simi- lar systems. The new variant 5”/62-cali- bre comprise a longer barrel L62 Mark 36 gun fitted on the Mark 45 mount. The gun is used in anti-surface, anti-aircraft and Unique.Unique. AheadAhead ofof thethe Art.Art. Unique. Ahead of the Art. The LRLAP is capable of hitting targets at a range of 137 km with the rocket booster assisted launch. It is multi-piece ammunition and the shell is loaded with modular launch charges and rocket booster.
ShinMaywa Advert_for MYB & MAI.indd 1 20/11/12 2:18 PM ShinMaywaShinMaywa Advert_for Advert_for MYB MYB & & MAI.indd MAI.indd 1 1 5/2013 5 20/11/1220/11/12 2:18 2:18 PM PM ShinMaywa Advert for NF.indd 1 24/01/13 3:48 PM Maritime Patrol Patrolling with Submarines, Ships & Boats
Surface maritime patrol is an active patrolling of the area with submarines, ships and boats. During wartime, maritime patrolling is critical but it is also essential in peacetime due to piracy, terrorism, smuggling, protection of fishing areas, exclusive economic zone and sea lines of communication.
Photograph: Wikipedia n Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand Super Dvora Mk III aritime patrolling is attack boat carried out by the navy, coast guard and law enforce- ment agencies for monitor- ing an area of water for any Millegal activity. It can also be for other purposes like inspection and reconnais- sance but mainly it is carried out for security reasons. Surface maritime patrol is an active patrolling of the area with sub- marines, ships and boats. During wartime, maritime patrolling is critical but it is also essential in peacetime due to piracy, ter- rorism, smuggling, protection of fishing areas, exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and sea lines of communication (SLOC). Search and rescue could also be carried out dur- ing patrolling due to the proximity of the patrolling elements. Detection of activity can be carried out by human beings but now electronic sensors are being used extensively. Surface maritime patrolling is augmented by aerial platforms and surface sensors. Some examples of aerial platforms are Lockheed Martin’s P-3 Orion anti-sub- marine and maritime surveillance aircraft and Boeing’s P-8 Poseidon multi-mission maritime aircraft. Helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and satellites are also widely used. Surface sensors are radars and aerostats mounted sensors. The type of surface maritime capability will depend on a country’s need. For example India has a vast coastline; it has state marine police (up to 12 nautical miles (nm)/about 22 km), mode, Ramta is currently working on a tions in close coast and can also operate teen such boats are being built by Bharati Indian Coast Guard (between 12 and 200 number of new configurations for the flex- effectively in shallow water. About 54 such Shipyard for the Indian Coast Guard. The nm/about 22 km and 370 km) and the Navy ible Super Dvora platform, among them the boats have been ordered. vessels have a length of 28 metres with operating beyond 200 nm. Others will have “Strike”, or what Ramta refers to as the “lit- ABG Fast Interceptor Craft: These are a a speed of more than 35 knots (about 64 a combination of forces and equipment as toral warrior”, equipped with a variety of series of 13, 26 metres high-speed intercep- kmph). The vessels can perform high- per their security needs. very advanced precision weapon systems. tor boats designed and supplied in knocked speed interception, close-coast patrol, low- In addition to the Israel Navy, the Super down kits by Henderson based Global intensity maritime operations, search and Surface Maritime Elements Dvora has been sold to nearly a dozen Marine Design and assembled by ABG Ship- rescue and surveillance. Fast Patrol/Attack Craft: They come in all other international customers. yard, Surat, for the Indian Coast Guard. They Inshore Patrol Vessel (IPV): This class shapes and sizes. A few examples are: ARESA 1200 Interceptor Rib: Ares class are wide aluminium hulled water jet pro- of patrol craft are larger in size. The Indian Super Dvora: IAI’s Ramta Division’s of boats are manufactured by GRUP ARES pelled vessels for operations in close coastal Coast Guard has ordered eight IPVs which Super Dvora class of multimission patrol Shipyard, Spain. Ares 1200 version has a and shallow waters. They have an endurance are being designed and built by the Garden and attack boats can carry out a variety length of 11.95 m, maximum speed of 40 of 500nm (about 926 km) at 25 knots (46 Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Limited, of missions of offshore patrol, EEZ con- knots (about 74 kmph) and a range of 400 kmph) and capable of doing high speed up out of which the seventh has been com- trol, law enforcement, naval intelligence, nm (about 740 kmph). It carries one auto- to 45 knots (about 83 kmph) and are fitted missioned during August 10. The IPV can command and control, interdiction and matic gyro stabilised machine gun (12.7mm) with a 12.7mm ‘Prahari’ heavy machine gun. achieve a maximum speed of 31.5 knots boarding of suspect targets, as well as non- and two manual machine gun (12.7mm). Cochin Fast Patrol Vessels: These are a (about 58 kmph) and at a speed of 14 knots military missions such as search and res- Other weapon combinations are possible series of 20 patrol boats designed by SEDS, (about 26 kmph), it has an endurance of cue, humanitarian assistance and disaster on request. The other versions with tailor- Kochi, and being built by Cochin Shipyard 1,500 nm (about 2,778 km). The special relief. All Super Dvora class variants are made capabilities are ARESA 1200 Defcon Limited for the Indian Coast Guard. The features of the ship include an integrated fast and agile, and designed to attain and Rib, ARESA 1200 Stealth Rib, ARESA 750 ship has been designed by SEDS, Kochi. The bridge system, integrated machinery con- sustain high operating tempos. The Mini commandos rib, ARESA 550 commandos rib vessels have a length of 50 metres, designed trol system and an indigenously built Dvora places emphasis on high manoeu- and ARESA 400 commandos rib. speed of 33 knots (about 61 kmph). It has 30mm gun-mount with fire control system. vrability and operational proficiency while Fast Interceptor Craft: Larsen and water jet propulsion through triple Rolls- Sukanya Class Offshore Patrol Vessels operating from the shallowest inlets and Toubro (L&T) Marine and Ship Design Divi- Royce Kamewa 71S3np water jets. The ves- (OPVs): They are large, offshore patrol craft beaches to shallow littorals and beyond. sion has designed this craft which is 30 sel is capable of operating in shallow waters in active service with the Indian Navy. Three The latest generation of Super Dvora Mark metres long with 90 tonnes displacement and offer higher speeds and better manoeu- lead ships were built by Korea Tacoma, now (Mk) I, II and III boats are deep sea capable and can achieve a maximum speed of 45 vrability than conventional propellers. The part of Hanjin Group. The Sukanya class but specifically designed for a full array of knots (about 83 kmph). The interceptor navigation package is being supplied by have large hulls, although they are lightly littoral, anti-terror, law enforcement and boats has full aluminium-alloy hull for Northrop Grumman’s Sperry Marine busi- armed since they are utilised primarily for coastal security missions. Super Dvora Mk reduced weight and is powered by twin ness unit. The primary role of the vessel offshore patrol of India’s exclusive eco- III is the latest fast patrol boat which is 25 water-jet propulsion systems to enable include fisheries protection and monitor- nomic zone. However, they are capable of metres long, has an operational radius of quick response. They are meant for the ing, patrol within exclusive economic zone, being heavily armed and upgraded to light 700 nm (about 1,296 km) while has speed Indian Coast Guard to carry out the role coastal patrol, anti-smuggling, anti-piracy, frigates if the need arise. It has a displace- in excess of 45 knots (about 83 kmph) at a of coastal surveillance, search and rescue, and search and rescue operations. ment of 1,890 tonnes when fully loaded,
www.spsnavalforces.net full displacement of 65 tonnes. In its attack anti-smuggling and anti-poaching opera- Bharati Class Interceptor Boats: Fif- length of 101 metres, speed of 21 knots
6 5/2013 Maritime Patrol
Combat-Proven Littoral Force
Super Dvora Class FACs For superior coastal and homeland defense
Capabilities: • High-speed • Day/night & all weather • Precision weapon & sensors Multi-Mission: • Homeland security • Interdiction • Littoral combat • Search & Rescue
www.iai.co.il
Photograph: Indian Coast Guard (39 kmph), range of 7,000 nm (13,000 km), carries sensors and one 40mm 60-calibre Bofors anti-aircraft gun and two 12.7mm machine guns. Some of the OPVs are fitted with Dhanush ballistic missiles and two 25mm 80-calibre anti-aircraft guns. Damen Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs)- Netherland: Damen OPVs are specifically developed for navies and coast guards for a wide variety of tasks in regions where there is low-level violence. The vessels are optimised to fulfil all duties including mili- tary security, military safety or humanitar- ian tasks. The OPVs are offered in a variety of flexible mission modules and modu- lar manning concepts. The largest is OPV 3,750 which has a length of 108-metres, speed of 22 knots (about 40 kmph) and dis- placement of 3,750 tonnes. The OPV series range from 3,750, 2600 to 2400, 1800, 1400, 950 and 850. BAE Systems UK: BAE Systems family Indian Coast Guard ship Rajshree, the first of OPVs comprise 80-metre and 90-metre of a series of eight inshore patrol vessels versatile and affordable ships. The 90-metres vessel is equipped with air sur- veillance radar which can be used to detect ship can land and fuel a medium-sized Kolkata. The hovercraft’s hull is made of warfare pioneered by the US aims at litto- low flying aircraft often used in smuggling helicopter up to seven tonnes. It has a top light weight marine grade aluminium alloy ral class of ships (LCS) having capability to operations. The ship’s rigid inflatable boat speed of 25 knots (about 46 kmph) with a having sprint speed of 53.5 knots (about operate in blue-water and in the littorals can be deployed swiftly from the davits range of about 8,850 km. 99 kmph) and fitted with a 12.7mm gun. with equal efficiency. Some examples are the for recovery and rescue operations and Hovercraft: Hovercraft has high USS Freedom (LCS-1) and USS Independence gives the ability to conduct sea boarding. speed patrolling capacity in coastal shal- Blue-water Patrolling (LCS-2). Same is being done for the new Its automated 30mm small calibre gun sys- low waters, marshy areas, creeks as well Other than OPVs, all naval ships and sub- designs of submarines. Smaller submarines tem can engage fast inshore attack craft as deep seas. Indian Coast Guard have marines can carry out blue-water patrolling like the German Type 212A displaces 1,450 armed with short-range missiles, rock- ordered eighteen 8000 TD class hover- when required. It was reported by the Indian tonnes on the surface and 1,830 submerged. ets, rocket-propelled grenades, machine crafts to the Griffon Hovercraft Ltd of Navy that last year deployment of naval ships The French Agosta 90B SSK for export has a guns or explosives, while 25mm guns UK. After the delivery of initial two hov- had gone up by 70 per cent which included surfaced displacement of 1,490 tonnes and mounted port and starboard provide sec- ercrafts, the remaining is being jointly patrolling for coastal security, guarding of submerged of 1,740 tonnes. Maritime sur- ondary armament to the vessel. Featuring built by the Griffon Hovercraft Ltd and the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), anti-piracy face patrolling is very effectively augmented a 20-metres long flight deck, the 90 metres Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers, mission and so on. The concept of littoral by aerial platforms. SP
5/2013 7 Unmanned Autonomous Undersea Vehicles Surfacing
UUVs have undergone over three decades of development and experimentation effort spearheaded by the US Navy. Rapid induction of UUVs in large numbers is likely to revolutionise naval operations itself.
Photograph: Bluefin Robotics n Rear Admiral (Retd) Dr S. Kulshrestha
“It’s [NSCT-1 UUV Platoon] done a wonder- ful job for us over there in the Umm Qasr vicinity and we are looking forward to the end of the conflict to be able to tell the full story of the first operational deployment of UUVs.” —Rear Admiral Paul Ryan, CMWC, Inside the Navy, March 31, 2003
nmanned undersea vehi- cles (UUV) were used during Operation Iraqi Freedom for minehunting by the Naval Spe- cial Clearance Team (NSCT) UOne. The UUVs carried out operations in the port of Umm Qsar. Additional UUV operations were done up river at Karbala and Az Zubayr, Iraq. NSCT One initially checked the bottom for mines then the divers carried out searches of the quay wall and the surrounding areas to locate mined zones. The use of UUVs in operation Iraqi Freedom also proved its utility in hos- tile war like conditions and in generating valuable oceanographic and environmental data for military as well as commercial use. The term unmanned undersea vehicles encompass the remotely operated vehicle (ROV), the Paravane, the seaglider, the autonomous undersea vehicle (AUV) and various hybrids. AUVs are free-swimming autonomous underwater vehicles charac- terised by modularity, reliability and pos- sibility for custom design.
AUV Subsystems A perspective into components of an AUV would bring out the technological com- plexities involved in the design and compe- Bluefin-21 testing tence required for its manufacture. An AUV consists of subsystems like pressure and hydrodynamic hull, ballast system, masts, Ballast System: Neutral or near-neutral they continue to be an area of concern. Sensors: Sensors can be put into fol- power and energy system, propulsion sys- buoyancy in submerged UAV is achieved Manoeuvring System: Control sur- lowing groups: conductivity, temperature, tem, obstacle-avoidance system, manoeu- through ballasting. Lead or foam fixed faces, vectored propulsors or thrusters and depth (CTD) sensors, acoustic sensors; vring system, communications system, buoyancy systems are used which can be are generally used for AUV manoeuvres. electromagnetic sensors; magnetic sen- sensors, navigation system, host interfaces adjusted depending upon the changes in For hovering, lateral or vertical movement sors; optical sensors; and chemical, bio- and combat payload. role/payload of the AUV. Variable ballast multi thrusters are utilised. logical, radiological, nuclear and explosives Pressure and Hydrodynamic Hull: system is used for diving or surfacing the Communications System: Communi- (CBNRE) sensors. UUV structure makes the vehicles rigid and AUV and drop ballast system is used for cation is essential for an AUV when sub- Navigation: GPS can only be used by provides strong points for control surfaces, surfacing the AUV in case of an emergency. merged or surfaced. Acoustic systems are AUVs when they are near the surface. For thrusters, batteries and other UUV compo- Power and Energy System: The power usually used underwater. Emergency bea- underwater navigation they use inertial nents while permitting internal components requirements of an AUV until recently were cons and locating mechanisms in emer- navigation system (INS) and doppler veloc- to be accessed. Pressure hull enables UUV being met with by the use of silver zinc bat- gency or on completion of mission are also ity log navigation systems. Gyroscopes for to withstand sea pressure as it descends teries. However, due to their higher costs built in an AUV. orientation, accelerometers for velocity into the ocean. The pressure to which an and limited shelf and cycle lives, they are Masts: This is a complicated design fea- changes and propeller turn rates for speed UUV is subjected increases linearly with being replaced with lithium ion or lithium ture as it impacts the launch and recovery measurements form the main components depth. At 6,000 m, the sea pressure is about polymer batteries. Solar powered AUVs, of an AUV. The masts are used for mount- of the INS. Doppler shift provided by the 4.4 tonnes per square inch (psi), whereas which surface during the day for recharg- ing sensors, communication and naviga- down-track and cross-track sonar returns at 300 m sea pressure, it is about 441 psi. ing, have also been developed. Bus system tion antennas. give accurate speed and course. For relatively shallow operation, therefore, is used for uniform power distribution. Host Interface: Host interfaces form the hulls of AUVs can be fabricated from Propulsion System: Brushless DC one of the most important aspects of AUV lighter materials such as aluminium. motors with propellers are favoured AUVs are free-swimming design. These include both the software and Hydrodynamic hull design reduces drag for AUVs of the torpedo type since they the hardware interfaces with which the AUV as UUV moves through the ocean. Minimis- are better than the motors with brushes autonomous underwater communicates with its controlling vessel. ing drag to maximise speed and endurance in factors of reliability, efficiency and Launch and recovery, signal, control and is one of the design objectives along with power density. vehicles characterised by power are some of the interfaces required. controlling flow over the UUV body for Obstacle-Avoidance System: Obstacle Combat Payload: This may include spe- efficient propulsion. Stability and manoeu- avoidance is carried out by use of single or modularity, reliability and cially designed torpedoes, missiles or mines. vrability at low speeds are difficult. Sensor multiple acoustic beam systems to detect operation stabilisation at higher speeds is and avoid obstacles. Avoidance manoeu- possibility for custom design AUVs in the US Navy problematic. Stability in AUV design scores vres are pre-programmed in the AUV. How- The UUV programme was launched in the
www.spsnavalforces.net over speed and endurance. ever, these need much more fine-tuning as US Navy with the aim of shaping, control-
8 5/2013 Unmanned
Photographs: Bluefin Robotics, Kongsberg Maritime, Saltwaterpr ling and enhancing intelligence about the Two major programmes in undersea battlespace. The nuclear attack Bluefin-9 transit at surface submarines (SSNs) were to be aided by developmental stage as UUVs in gaining access to denied areas (for e.g. mined, shallow littorals, obstacle articulated by the US Navy infested, etc) through the use of UUV sen- sors and weapons which would surrepti- are the large-displacement tiously gather information and clear hin- UUV which will provide drances. The UUVs were to enhance the SSN missions of undersea environmental long endurance, persistent, sensing and mapping, mine warfare and intelligence, surveillance and reconnais- multimission unmanned sance (ISR). UUVs were perceived to play a significant role in maintaining undersea undersea vehicle capability dominance of the US submarines. Mine warfare support was the initial for the Navy and will requirement to provide SSNs with UUVs. The near-term mine reconnaissance sys- contribute to the joint air-sea tem (NMRS) with the submarines includes battle across all phases of two UUVs linked to the submarine by fibre- optic cable, and is deployed through the operations submarine’s torpedo tubes. It provides a preliminary, limited mine-detection and classification capability. The long-term AUV able to carry multiple sensors and mine reconnaissance system (LMRS), Remus 600 launched from the submarine’s torpedo payloads at once. It claims a high energy tubes, is an AUV that uses acoustic and capacity that enables extended operations radio-frequency links rather than a fibre- even at the greatest depths. The Bluefin-21 optic link. SSN’s minehunting capabilities has huge capability but is also flexible were expected to be greatly enhanced by enough to operate from various ships of the LMRS. The LMRS is a complex AUV opportunity worldwide. The Bluefin Spray that operates secretly from a nuclear sub- Glider is a deep-diving, buoyancy-driven marine and utilises submarine’s torpedo AUV. The Spray Glider collects water col- tubes for launch and recovery. The LMRS is umn data profiles using a pumped conduc- a self-propelled 21-inch diameter AUV AN/ tivity-temperature-depth sensor and other BLQ-11 fitted with search and classification instruments. Deployments of up to six sonars for locating mine-like objects as months can be achieved with a single set much as 200 km ahead of the submarine. of batteries. LMRS has both forward-looking sonar and Kongsberg Maritime: They design side-scan synthetic aperture sonar. It has and manufacture the Hugin, Remus and been developed by Boeing Defense Space Seaglider product lines of commercial off- & Security and has successfully proved on the-shelf AUVs. These AUVs have differ- USS Scranton (SSN-756). ent capabilities and different applications The Navy’s 21-inch mission reconfigu- and roles. Its Hugin AUVs are being used rable unmanned undersea vehicle system commercially and in the Navy. Hugin has (MRUUVS), which is launched and recov- been operated in various parts of the world ered from submarine torpedo tubes, is including tropical waters and the Arctic. being developed to independently gather Kongsberg Maritime’s Remus vehicles are required information. Each MRUUVS Hugin-1000 used in a wide number of applications in includes a vehicle, equipment for mine navies, hydrography and marine research. countermeasures, combat and control It has delivered over 200 Remus vehicles. interfaces and ISR. The littoral precision The MK 18 Mod 2 Kingfish UUV is based undersea mapping array (LPUMA) was on the Remus 600 and has increased area developed as a part of this project for coverage rate, increased endurance and identification and avoidance of obstacles. serves as a platform for advanced sen- Mine identification capability was demon- sors. The Kingfish small synthetic aperture strated in an improved model of LPUMA sonar module configuration provides wider which was deployed on a 21-inch vehicle. swath, higher resolution imagery and bur- Other programmes worth mentioning ied target detection. It has been deployed are remote environmental measuring units by the US Navy in the fifth fleet area of (Remus) which is a small AUV that can responsibility in June 2013. be launched by hand from a boat/shore Its Seaglider has changed the way to survey a desired underwater area; bat- oceanographic data is collected. Seaglid- tlespace preparation autonomous under- er’s extreme long endurance allows col- water vehicle (BPAUV) which is a much big- lection of data at a fraction of the cost ger AUV and used for a much larger area; of traditional methods. Naval planners, the littoral battlespace sensing–unmanned researchers and commercial enterprises undersea vehicle programme (LBS-UUV) are using these vehicles in a wide variety which provides a low-observable, con- of applications. tinuous capability to enable predictions in case of performance of optical weapon Trends and sensors by typifying properties of the UUVs have undergone over three decades ocean that have influence on the propaga- of development and experimentation effort tion of light and sound. Under this project, vehicle capability for the Navy and will con- Memorial Institute. It develops, builds, spearheaded by the US Navy, rapid induc- electrically-powered AUVs (LBS-AUV) and tribute to the joint air-sea battle across all operates AUVs and related technologies tion in large numbers is likely to revolu- buoyancy-driven undersea gliders (LBS-G) phases of operations. LDUUV initial opera- for defence, commercial and scientific use. tionise naval operations itself. What they would be developed. These would enable tional capability is expected in financial Bluefin has designed over 50 different con- would provide in near future is: planning and execution of anti-mine, anti- year 2021; the persistent littoral undersea figurations of modular, free-flooded AUV zz Increased intelligence and onboard submarine and expeditionary warfare. They surveillance (PLUS) system is a cluster of platforms and over 70 different sensors. decision-making by use of different will also enable intelligence preparation networked AUVs and gliders providing an Bluefin provides full AUV life-cycle support unmanned vehicle types like AUVs, of the environment (IPOE). LBS-AUV has effective, persistent, adaptive and passive encompassing research and development, ROVs, Gliders, etc. reached full-rate production stage in June acoustic undersea surveillance capability. technology integration, manufacturing, zz Much more effective mine countermea- 2012, two engineering design models have PLUS monitors shallow-water environment platform training and operations support. sures and rapid environmental assess- been delivered to the Naval Oceanographic from fixed positions on the ocean floor, Its products include Bluefin-9, Bluefin-12S, ment by use of synthetic aperture office and by financial year 2017, a total of or moves through the water to scan large Bluefin-21, Spray Glider, etc. The Bluefin-9 sonar. eight vehicles will be delivered. It has been areas for extended periods of time. is a lightweight, two-man portable AUV zz Induction of propulsion technology developed by Teledyne and Hydroid. Some leading companies in the field of with a mission turnaround time of less from gliders into AUVs to extend the Two major programmes in develop- AUV manufacture are: than 15 minutes. Equipped with a side scan range considerably. mental stage as articulated by the US Navy Bluefin Robotics: In 1997, Bluefin sonar and camera, the Bluefin-9 provides zz Increased connectivity, efficient are the large-displacement UUV (LDUUV) was founded by a core group of engineers the performance of much larger AUVs in recharging and reliable docking. which will provide long endurance, per- from the MIT AUV Laboratory. Now it is a convenient and rapidly deployable pack- zz The birth of a new class of smarter sistent, multimission unmanned undersea a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Battelle age. The Bluefin-21 is a highly modular weapons for use from AUVs. SP
5/2013 9 Interview
‘Our world-leading solutions transform the way products are designed, produced and supported’
Alain Houard is the Marine and Offshore Industry Vice President at Dassault Systèmes. In an interview with SP’s Naval Forces, he gave out details of the innovations at Dassault Systèmes that can bring sea changes in marine technology.
Photograph: Dassault Systèmes SP’s Naval Forces (SP’s): Can you brief us the Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard. about your company? What role can your products play in the Alain Houard (Houard): Dassault Systèmes, design and manufacturing aspects of the 3DEXPERIENCE company, provides busi- these surface ships/boats? ness and people with virtual universes to Houard: Dassault Systèmes brings on board produce sustainable innovations. Its world- project deliveries which are on time and within leading solutions transform the way prod- budget, by planning and managing complex ucts are designed, produced and supported. projects with an interactive 360-degree pro- Dassault Systèmes’ collaborative solutions gramme management approach. foster social innovation, expanding possi- Besides the On Time to Sea and Designed bilities for the virtual world to improve the for Sea, Dassault Systèmes’ DELMIA too real world. The group brings value to over delivers a 3D collaborative innovation and 1,70,000 customers of all sizes, in all indus- production experience for all actors in the tries, in more than 140 countries. manufacturing life cycle such as virtual pro- cess and system definition, work cell set-up, SP’s: Dassault Systèmes is the world optimisation, scheduling and operation, to leader in 3D and product life-cycle man- maintenance of real-time production sys- agement (PLM) solutions. Can you elabo- tems. Collaborative manufacturing lifecycle rate on the utility of the solutions in the management (MLM) in the 3D virtual world specific context of warships? brings all intellectual property (IP) in the cor- Houard: Dassault Systèmes, the 3DEXPERI- porate community into one system allowing ENCE company and the world leader in 3D all actors to make correct and timely deci- design software, 3D digital mock up and sions by accessing up to date manufactur- product life-cycle management (PLM) solu- ing life-cycle information. tions provides dedicated industry solu- tion experiences based on the 3DEXPERI- SP’s: From the warship design point of view ENCE platform to deliver unique value and Dassault Systemes’ portfolios of CATIA experience for the navies with vessels that for designing the virtual product; DELMIA are technologically sophisticated, capa- for virtual production; SIMULIA for vir- ble, smart and environment-friendly with tual testing; ENOVIA for global collabora- unprecedented levels of durability. tive life-cycle management; EXALEAD for Shipyards are under pressure to fulfill search-based applications; SolidWorks for and even go above and beyond the needs 3D mechanical design and 3DVIA for life- of ever evolving navies. Naval programme like experiences; all solutions are highly offices and design agents must be able to useful. Can you describe the effectiveness issue comprehensive and unambiguous for the Indian warship building industry? guidance and specifications to contractors, Houard: Dassault Systèmes provides track necessary changes to specifications dedicated industry solution experiences in real-time and monitor all aspects of their based on the 3DEXPERIENCE platform to ship life-cycles. Builders and operators must deliver unique value and experience for the have the tools necessary to translate these improve delivery times and product qual- adopts this technology; the potential for navies with vessels that are technologically specifications into a buildable design and be ity while controlling margins. Since all on-time and on-budget projects is finally sophisticated, capable, smart, and environ- assured that they have immediate access to stakeholders have secure access to up to on the horizon. ment-friendly with unprecedented levels of all necessary information in order to meet date project data in real time from any- Designed For Sea is another indus- durability. Industry solution experiences the demands of their customers in an era where, common challenges that typically try solution experience built on Dassault based on the 3DEXPERIENCE platform are of shrinking budgets and margins for error. resulted in cost overruns and significant Systèmes’ 3DEXPERIENCE platform that powered by 3DS brand applications. Shipyards must ensure that navy projects delays can be minimised. As the industry enables shipyards and their extended net- are delivered on time and on budget by plan- work of suppliers to achieve high quality SP’s: What are latest trends in 3D design ning and manage complex projects with an design to satisfy the Navy requirements and manufacturing processes? interactive 360-degree programme manage- while complying with regulations and clas- Houard: 3D based certification is a clear ment approach. By doing so, they can tackle On Time To Sea is a Dassault sification rules more efficiently, by creat- topic of interest for the marine and off- their biggest challenges head-on, including Systèmes’ industry solution ing, testing, and validating, what if, design shore industry. In terms of manufacturing supply chain collaboration, contract man- alternatives using advanced, real-time 3D processes, many shipyards are turning to agement and cost containment, protection experience that ensures on analysis and simulation. Designed for sea automation and investing in welding robots of intellectual property and on-time delivery. connects the dots between requirements, where Dassault Systèmes has a role to play. On Time To Sea is a Dassault Systèmes’ time and on budget delivery regulations, engineering disciplines, part- industry solution experience that ensures ners and suppliers throughout the design SP’s: What are the current and future on time and on budget delivery by enabling by enabling shipyards to plan process with full traceability. plans of Dassault Systèmes for business shipyards to plan and manage complex development and establishing greater navy vessels projects. By taking advantage and manage complex navy SP’s: Apart from submarines, Indian presence in India? of a collaborative and intelligent environ- vessels projects marine manufacturing industry is also Houard: Currently, we are working closely ment to monitor all activities across the designing and manufacturing a wide with our customers to bring the best prac- extended enterprise, which includes their range of ships and boats like destroyers, tices in integrated warship construction
SP www.spsnavalforces.net suppliers’ shipyards are empowered to frigates and fast interceptor boats for through our M&O 3DEXPERIENCE.
10 5/2013 submarines Big Blow to the Navy
Eighteen submariners lost their lives. Their families, the submarine arm and the Navy need answers to ensure closure. The Chief of the Naval Staff said, “We will hope for the best and prepare for the worst.” It is high time that we equip ourselves to prepare for the worst but teach ourselves to ensure that we have the best.
PhotographS: PIB, DPR
n Vice Admiral (Retd) K.N. Sushil The Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral D.K. Joshi briefing the adjacent ballast tanks are destroyed. This Defence Minister A.K. Antony about the sinking of INS Sindhurakshak is when the submarine is trimmed for neu- n the night of August 13, tral buoyancy. The submarine puts on a 2013, just before midnight, two diving trim by flooding various tanks at sea explosions rocked the subma- to avoid the tanks from having dirty water rine and a huge ball of fire that obtains in harbour. Therefore, the escaping from the conning submarine would have been 50-60 tonnes Otower hatch, the only hatch that is left open lighter than its normal diving trim. Despite in harbour, lit the sky. Briefly thereafter this the submarine sank alongside. Nobody the submarine sank. The 18 crew members can provide a design basis that would allow who formed the duty watch were missing. floatation under conditions that existed The nature of the incident would immedi- on Sindhurakshak on that fateful night. ately suggest that of the 18, only few who What is worrying is that had the accident may have been in the aftermost compart- occurred any time later or at sea, the death ments would have had any chance of sur- toll would have been devastating and the vival. Normally, in harbour, nobody goes to submarine would have been lost. the aft compartments except for periodic The BoI has a tough task ahead. Tragi- rounds. The nature of the incident, the loss cally, the entire duty watch was lost in this of the submarine alongside and the tragic unfortunate incident. The primary task is to loss of lives of 18 ill-fated crew members identify the actual trigger and arrive at an makes it vital for the Navy to find the exact explanation as to how the dangerous situ- cause which triggered the accident. ation that obtained onboard the ill-fated It is very easy in such incidents to jump submarine came into being. The missiles to conclusions and air some pet theories. and torpedoes are supplied onboard after Sabotage, problems with the modifications, stringent examination by the Naval Arma- hydrogen explosion or some handling ment Inspectorate throughout the prepara- accident that set off the chain of events tion and despatch stages. The crew checks are some of the pet theories floating—the the weapon logbooks and the verifiable most appealing being the sabotage theory parameters before accepting and loading because it makes this incident an open and the weapons onboard. The tools required to shut case. Somebody did it and therefore check/handle or arm the weapons are kept we need only to find the culprit. The Board under lock and key. The submarine was of Inquiry (BOI) should not get biased by scheduled for an operational deployment. these pet theories, but painstakingly anal- Therefore, crew proficiency must have been yse all evidence as possible under the checked and found to be sufficient. Weapon circumstances. To find the truth is vital safety checks and drills are an essential because the Navy needs to determine for part of submarine workup. Therefore, with itself not only the causes of this incident, a stringent preparation procedure, multi- but also put in place procedures and pre- agency inspection and acceptance and tried cautions that would ensure that such and tested SOPs on board. The answer to incidents never recur. The men also need the question, of how these safeties were to know that we can determine the fault breached, is indeed difficult to arrive at. The lines and set them right so that they have status of salvaged weapons will probably be the confidence to continue to work in the the first pointer. Thorough forensic analy- potentially dangerous environment that sis of the fore-ends will be the only reliable exists onboard any submarine. basis to build the evidence in this case. For From available information, the subma- any possibility that the board arrives, they rine was being prepared for an operational Another view of Sindhurakshak have to explain how tough safety barriers deployment and was expected to sail early were possibly breached. in the morning. The entire crew was sched- After the Russian submarine Kursk was uled to arrive onboard at about 0300 hours to be from the weapon fuel—i.e. either oxy- by the sea water and most of it will be lost lost to a similar accident at sea, the Indian to prepare the submarine for sea. The full gen from the torpedo or the booster and in the pumping out that will have to be done Navy made a lot of appropriate noises to outfit of 18 weapons consists of a mixture sustainers of the missile. Anyways what is to bring the submarine to the surface. The earnestly pursue the long neglected sub- of missiles, oxygen torpedoes and electric important from a professional standpoint BoI will need to take advice from experts in marine rescue capability. If the submarine torpedoes with six stowed in the tubes and is that the apparently damaging explosions forensic chemical and accident investiga- was unfortunately lost at sea, the Navy 12 on racks in the torpedo compartment. were caused only from the trigger source tion to chalk out and plan a course of action would have had no moral force to explain Normally weapons kept on the racks are not and the adjacent weapon. Warheads and to collect samples before it is too late. why the Deep Sumbmergence Rescue Vehi- “armed”. This means that mechanisms and fuel from other weapons do not appear to The damage control design basis of the cle (DSRV) programme did not fructify devices that are required to cause the high have contributed to and exacerbated the submarines provide for survival and main- even after 13 years. The Navy and the MoD explosives (HE) in the warheads to explode damage. It is hoped that the BoI will con- tenance of sufficient reserve of buoyancy need to explain this inexplicable inaction are not placed, thus rendering them safe. centrate on these issues. when the pressure hull is breached and and procedural inertia. If we take into consideration that only Normally an investigation will have one compartment is fully flooded and two Eighteen submariners lost their lives. two explosions were heard, it would be recourse to various materials, log books, Their families, the submarine arm, and the apparent that the remaining 16 warheads eyewitness accounts, and data from the Navy need answers to ensure closure. The each containing approximately 250 kg of various monitoring and data recording sys- Chief of the Naval Staff said, “We will hope HE did not explode. This inherent stabil- tems. In this incident, the flame travel from From available information, for the best and prepare for the worst.” It ity and safety of warhead design played a the forward compartments to the control is high time that we equip ourselves to pre- vital role in mitigating collateral damage. would have incinerated everything. Recon- the submarine was being pare for the worst but teach ourselves to Of the two explosions heard, the first or structing the events that led to the accident prepared for an operational ensure that we have the best. SP the “trigger” could not have been a war- would be difficult to say the least. Therefore head explosion. Taking into consideration the BoI will have to depend on advanced deployment and was The author is a veteran submariner who that heat and flame intensity would have forensics to help it analyse the incident. has held important positions such as Flag been considerably higher after the second Essentially this would entail chemical anal- expected to sail early in Officer, Submarines, Assistant Chief of explosion and that 16 explosions were not ysis of various materials to determine the the Naval Staff (Submarines), Inspector heard, the second explosion also could not nature of fuel that caused the burn. A lot the morning General, Nuclear Safety and finally the Flag have been a warhead explosion. Therefore, of valuable evidence will lie in the debris of Officer, Commanding-in-Chief, Southern prima facie, the trigger explosion appears the fore ends. Much of this will be diluted Naval Command.
5/2013 11 show report / namexpo 2013 India’s First Naval and Maritime Expo: A Fair Success
The NAMEXPO had a grand start marked by the berthing of indigenous stealth frigate INS Satpura and a scintillating operational demonstration by marine commandos on the waterfront. The expo has enormous potential to grow as evidenced at Kochi; the only thing is it needs to be nurtured not just by the Indian Navy, but also the other stakeholders.
n R. Chandrakanth second day of NAMEXPO 2013, Peter Beh- Visby Class Corvette that combines multiple Peter Behrendt emphasised on Saab’s rendt, Global Head, Business Development, Saab technologies including the Sea Giraffe approach to technology transfer and the he port city of Kochi recent- Navy, Saab, made an extensive presenta- radars, the 9LV FCS, the 9LV CMS, 9LV SAT theme of “Teaming up with Indian partners ly hosted India’s first ever tion on the kill chain solution based on the and the Ceros 200. to create solutions for India”. According to Naval and Maritime Exposition Behrendt, Saab is open for technology trans- Photographs: ShinMaywa (NAMEXPO) 2013 and the fer which acts as a platform for transferring ambitious event had a mixed capability to partners. Tresponse—some good, some not so good. Tony Ogilvy, General Manager, Aero- That it was stretched from September 23 nautics and International Head, Sea Gripen to 27 did not go well with the exhibitors as Program (Saab), made a presentation on the first time response from visitors/del- the upcoming naval version of the Gripen egations was kind of lukewarm. That some Fighter Aircraft. Ogilvy highlighted the of the local bigwigs in naval and maritime importance of its small size and its opera- industry (Cochin Shipyard, for instance) tional versatility from both CATOBAR and were not present as exhibitors raised many STOBAR Carriers. Ogilvy emphasised the questions. requirement of “active partners” for the The Confederation of Indian Industry development of Sea Gripen. (CII) has announced that it would be a bien- nial event, but we hope that there would be Rosoboronexport’s Strong Presence more international participation, particu- Russia underscored how it was closely larly from major countries such as the US linked to India, both in terms of political and and UK, which were conspicuous by their trade relationship. “We work closely with absence at Kochi. The Rosoboronexport our Indian partners in the naval area and Deputy Director General Viktor M. Komar- hope that the new specialised exhibition will din made a tongue-in-cheek remark: “Where be a good platform to showcase our capa- are the other countries? See India and Rus- bilities. Today, India has set ambitious goals sia are genetically friendly.” Besides compa- to strengthen the national naval forces and nies, the lack of attendance by the Defence Senior Indian Navy officials at the Russia, as its strategic ally, is ready to com- Minister A.K. Antony, who hails from Ker- ShinMaywa stall during NAMEXPO prehensively cooperate to effectively imple- ala, and the Naval Chief and other decision- ment these plans,” said Viktor Komardin. makers came as a dampener. “More than 70 warships have been built Be that as may be, the CII must be for India over 45 years of Russian-Indian complimented for bringing this event at ShinMaywa showcases cooperation in the naval sphere. Russia is a time when the naval and maritime sec- providing assistance in designing and sup- tor is fast opening up. The sessions which US 2i amphibian plying systems and equipment for indige- were mostly linked to modernisation of the nously developed ships under construction Navy saw good attendance, indicating that hinMaywa show- in India. Among them are the Project 15A, US-2 both the Indian Navy and the industry are cased the US 2i amphib- 15B destroyers, Project 17 frigates and Proj- looking at how to make the best use of the Sian increasing awareness ect 71 aircraft carrier. In addition, Sevmash, opportunity. about the aircraft and numer- part of the United Shipbuilding Corporation ous roles and missions that the (USC), is completing the trials of the aircraft Key Sponsor Saab Brings Spectrum of aircraft can accomplish making carrier Vikramaditya.” Products it a force multiplier and game Regarding naval potential, he said the Swedish aerospace and defence major, changer in the Indian Ocean Russian companies were looking at deepen- Saab, which was a key sponsor, presented Region (IOR). ing cooperation with India’s state and pri- a spectrum of naval products covering the Uniquely, the US 2i, is the vate manufacturers of naval equipment, in air, surface, underwater and coastal secu- only aircraft in the world that particular, the joint design and construction rity domains that provide naval forces operates in sea state five con- of new ships. Rosoboronexport was holding complete command over the seas. Saab’s ditions on the high seas as well talks with its partners in South East Asia, portfolio of products included the Sea as on rivers and lakes: carries where potential customers are showing Gripen, 9LV SAT, 9LV CMS, 9LV FCS, AUV a sizeable payload of personnel (30 per- ing Vice Admiral Satish Soni, Com- interest in patrol boats and Project 22460E 62 MR Spurt, Sea Giraffe, Saab 340 MSA, sonnel) and stores (three tonne of load): mander-in-Chief, Southern Naval Com- patrol ships, Gepard 3.9 class frigates, Bas- Naval training and AIS. and has the longest endurance with the mand, Vice Admiral N.N. Kumar, Chief tion and Bal-E coastal defence missile sys- Saab India Country Chairperson Lars- shortest take-off and landing distance of Material were amongst several Flag tems, shipborne SAM and artillery systems, Olof Lindgren said: “This event is a good in its class (only 300 metres). The air- Officers and Staff from the Indian and anti-ship missiles. forum for us to meet the relevant stakehold- craft is presently the only amphibious Navy, Indian Air Force and Indian Coast Enterprises affiliated with USC – Rubin ers in the naval domain. The main theme for aircraft fitted with the state-of-the-art Guard visited the ShinMaywa stall and Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineer- Saab for this NAMEXPO is ‘Teaming Up With ‘boundary layer control system’ for lift the company conducted many impor- ing, St. Petersburg-based Malakhit Marine India’ on naval systems. We believe that part- augmentation. This allows the aircraft tant business meetings. Engineering Bureau and Sudoexport – as nership is the way forward to work in India to operate at very low speeds and con- The stall also generated huge inter- well as the Mars Research and Production and to be able to fully support the market.” sequently reduces the take-off/landing est from the local visitors every day, Association and the Aquamarin Company Commodore (Retd) Jagdish Anand, run of the aircraft and allows for safe who were excited to know more about displayed their products under the aegis of Senior Vice President-Domain of Saab India, afloat operations during rough sea con- the unique amphibian. During the naval Rosoboronexport, part of the Rostec State said the company had brought to Kochi the ditions. This aircraft is an ideal plat- seminar at the expo, which was inaugu- Corporation. latest of its products, understanding how form to carry out long-range logistics rated by Vice Admiral Satish Soni, Com- keen India was on latest acquisitions. “Kochi support role for the Indian Navy, Island mander-in-Chief, Southern Naval Com- Selex ES Debuts Miysis DIRCM is the nerve centre of naval training and we support operations, casualty evacu- mand, Sujeet Samaddar, Director and Selex ES, a Finmeccanica company, brought have had good audience.” As regards Saab’s ation, humanitarian assistance and CEO of ShinMaywa spoke on ”Develop- to Kochi Miysis DIRCM for the first time offerings to the Indian market, he said: “We disaster relief, long-range search and ment of Advanced Naval Aviation Sys- after its recent launch. Said to be the light- are very bullish though the Indian procure- rescue (SAR) and exclusive economic tems and Sustainable Repair Support” est countermeasure system in the world, ment process is ‘very slow’.” zone (EEZ) surveillance for the Indian and presented his views on leveraging the product provides all-round infrared Speaking on “Consortium and Dual Use Coast Guard (ICG) and the Navy. acquisitions for technology infusion in countermeasure protection for large and Technology Approach towards develop- Many important dignitaries includ- the aerospace sector SP small, rotary- and fixed-wing platforms. It
www.spsnavalforces.net ment of Naval Weapons and Sensors” on the is the latest generation of directed infrared
12 5/2013 show report / namexpo 2013
AgustaWestland keen to Eurocopter is keen on be a partner and not just transferring technology, a supplier building a global supply
he defence market not just particularly its foreign direct investment chain in India in India, but elsewhere too is not policy. “To get high-end technologies, the Tan easy one, particularly at this stake has to be better than 26 per cent. We urocopter keen on expanding moment and the equipment programme are keen on developing indigenous capa- its base in India showcased its naval for the Indian armed forces have been bilities, but the market needs to be incen- Eand maritime helicopters, among delayed due to certain weaknesses in the tivised.” On AgustaWestland’s footprints them the AS565 MB Panther and the system. Speaking to SP’s Naval Forces at in India, she referred to the relationship AS365 N3 Dauphin. A militarised version NAMEXPO 2013 in Kochi Jackie Callcut, beginning with Sea King helicopters and of Eurocopter’s twin-engine Dauphin Chief Executive Officer of AgustaWest- now the joint venture with Tatas for civil helicopter, the Panther is a multi-pur- land India, said: “There is no denying that helicopters. Talking about the potential pose, medium-weight aircraft designed it has been a difficult year for us, but we of the naval market, she said that “the for applications such as anti-submarine are confident in the Indian system. Agus- company would continue its support of and anti-surface missions, search and taWestland will continue to expand its Sea King helicopters and participate in rescue (SAR), surveillance and monitor- AS565 MB presence in India. We want to bring the the tender for 56 naval utility helicopters ing patrols in exclusive economic zones best of technologies here and we want to (NUH) replacement and the multi-role (EEZ), maritime counter-terrorism, casu- Farid said: “We are patient here. We have joint ventures on equitable terms.” helicopter replacement. alty and medical evacuation, and troop want to go into cooperation with India too.” India, she mentions, is transforming “At the end of the day, we don’t want and cargo transport. He gave examples of significant strides itself rapidly in sync with global aspira- to be just a supplier, but a partner,” she Eurocopter’s AS565 MB Panther offers a made in cooperation with countries such tions, but it needs to liberalise further, asserted. SP mission-proven rotorcraft in service with mili- as South Korea (for co-development of tary forces across the world. The product is 7-tonne helicopter), Australia (joint venture the military version of multi-role, twin-engine for NH90), US (for Lakhota medium heli- Dauphin family whose largest civilian opera- copters) and Brazil (for EC735). countermeasure (DIRCM) system from Selex cialised and sophisticated vessels like naval tor is Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited. “In the helicopter segment, everything ES and the company hopes to capture sub- combatants, mega yachts, tug boats and Eurocopter is hoping that the govern- here is obsolete except the Dhruv. The Sea stantial market in the near future. chemical tankers for leading companies ment liberalises the defence sector fur- Kings are over 30 years old and it is time The company presented Seaspray 7000E in the world and the Turkish Navy. At the ther for increased OEM participation. for replacement. India has come up with and 7500E multi-mode surveillance radar show, it presented Tuzla class patrol boats; Speaking to SP’s Naval Forces at ‘buy and make’ programme and this is a which uses multiple low power, is solid fast intervention boats; fast passenger ferry; NAMEXPO 2013 in Kochi recently, Euro- good route.” Eurocopter, he said, is keen on state transmit/receive modules and makes tug boats and oil/chemical tankers. copter Vice President (Sales and Custom- transferring technology, building a global them highly reliable. Selex also put on show ers Relation) India and South Asia, Rainer supply chain in India etc. “We are looking the Picosar, compact, lightweight airborne DRDO, L&T, BrahMos Showcase Products Farid said: “There are many programmes at joint venture, provided it is not 26 per ground surveillance radar with all-weather The major exhibitors at the show were the in India, but most of them are delayed due cent FDI. It is our technology and we will be capability for unmanned aerial systems, Defence Research and Development Organ- to scandals, impending elections...and it responsible for the end product.” fixed-wing and helicopter platforms. isation, Larsen and Toubro (L&T) Engineering is a really difficult environment now.” The Eurocopter is offering India the AS565 division, BrahMos Aerospace, Tata Power, Indian Army has shortlisted companies MB Panther and the product is in the techni- Turkey’s Dearsan Shipyard GRSE, among others. The Kerala Minister for for its requirement of 197 helicopters but cal evaluation stage and trials are expected For the first time ever, Dearsan Shipyard was Ports K. Babu inaugurated the expo and Vice there have been delays. early next year. SP participating in an Indian exhibition only to Admiral Satish Soni, Flag Officer Command- “understand the Indian market”. Deniz Esre- ing-in-Chief of the Southern Naval Com- foglu of Dearsan said “the visit has been a mand, who spoke at the inaugural said the truly learning experience and we are keen country had no choice except to give impe- technology, like propulsion systems. the waterfront. The expo has enormous on entering the Indian market which is huge, tus to indigenisation. Warship construction The expo had a grand start marked by potential to grow as evidenced at Kochi, both in military and civil segments.” in the country had come a long way, meeting the berthing of indigenous stealth frigate the only thing is it needs to be nurtured Dearsan Shipyard has constructed and the requirements of the Navy. However, indi- INS Satpura and a scintillating operational not just by the Indian Navy, but also the delivered numerous vessels including spe- genisation must not be at the cost of critical demonstration by marine commandos on other stakeholders. SP
Guns Remain in Navy’s... continued from page 5
The SGP is propelled by a rocket booster However, despite the disadvantages, position. The search antenna has standing replaced by the RIM 116 rolling airframe and is GPS/INS guided. The unique feature CIWS gun systems have been retained as wave antennas mounted to search platform missile (RAM). It is designed as a compan- of the 127mm shell is that it can be retar- a terminal effort to tackle ASCMs. In fact for giving elevation coverage. The track ion system to target supersonic ASCMs. It geted in-flight through GPS updating and CIWS today employs both guns as well as antenna has its own rate integrating gyros. utilises the exact deck dimensions of the can thus tackle moving targets. It is likely missiles. Some major CIWS are: Mk 15 Pha- The heart of the Phalanx system is the Phalanx system and so can be mounted to have a rate of fire of about 10 rounds per lanx (Raytheon, USA), Goalkeeper (Thales versatile M61A1 20mm Gatling gun, provid- conveniently on ships. It has an 11-cell minute and a cumulative error of probabil- Naval, Netherlands), DARDO (Breda and ing a rate of fire between 3,000 and 4,500 RAM launcher. The RAM is a Mach 2+ mis- ity (CEP) of about 10 metres at full range. Oto Melara, Italy) and the AK 630 (AK Tula- rounds per minute, firing specially designed sile with a blast fragmentation warhead of mashzavod OAO, Russia). The US Navy has high kinetic energy rounds. The gun is elec- 11.2 kg. It has a range of nine km. It can be Close-in Weapon System about 250 of the Raytheon’s Mk 15 Mod tronically controlled and pneumatically guided in three modes namely infrared dual A close-in weapon system (CIWS) is funda- 21-28 Phalanx CIWS autonomous combat driven. It consists of a rotating cluster of six mode enabled (radio frequency and infrared mentally designed as a last ditch measure to systems mounted on the US naval ships. barrels with a breech bolt for each barrel. homing), infrared only or passive radio fre- target incoming anti-ship missiles/aircraft. It can be used also against small craft and The round is a 20mm MK 149 armour pierc- quency/infrared homing. CIWS gun systems have suffered from some for anti-air warfare. The Phalanx System is ing discarding sabot which is a sub-calibre, drawbacks as compared to CIWS missile sys- designed as stand-alone integrated system, spin stabilised tungsten penetrator. Trends tems namely: effective range of gun systems encompassing search (KU band radar and The latest modification (the Block 1B Guns continue to provide a cost-effective is less than 4,500 metres, simulation studies electro-optic), detection, target declaration, configuration) caters to defence against solution against targets on land, air and at have put the effective kill distance between tracking, threat elevation, engagement, fire asymmetric threats such as unmanned sea, especially with GPS/INS guided lethal 500 metres and 800 metres, which gives control and kill assessment. This ensures aerial vehicles (UAVs), small, fast surface ammunition. The US Navy will continue to an interception time of about half a second the rapid reaction time required for CIWS. craft and slow-flying aircraft. An integrated equip its ships with naval guns at least till against supersonic anti-ship cruise missiles Thus it can also be utilised by bolting to forward-looking infrared (FLIR) system has 2025, when the laser weapon system may (ASCMs) and implies that fragments from decks of ships which do not have any type been incorporated to enable this feature. It take over the targeting of small craft and the destroyed missile could still hit the ship of combat system. It has six major assem- also has an optimised gun barrel (OGB) for UAVs. The electromagnetic rail gun with its causing damage to man and material above blies namely radar and servo assembly, gun closer ordnance dispersion. The OGB can non-explosive shells may not replace long- the waterline. There is also a probability that assembly, mount and train drive platform, also use enhanced lethality cartridges (ELC) range heavy guns for some time to come. In the missile on being hit may not deviate suf- barbette equipment assembly, electronics for better target penetration. The Mark 244 case of the CIWS, companion systems hav- ficiently from its path, further the CIWS gun enclosure and the local and remote control Mod 0 ELC has a longer effective range as it ing both the gun and the missile launcher systems take time to train on other missiles panels. The search platform is horizon- uses a heavier optimised tungsten alloy pen- appear to be the trend. It may change by which may be targeting the ship. Lastly, gun tally stabilised and attached to a vertical etrator. Incidentally, the under trial SeaRAM 2030, only if the missile costs and sizes systems are unable to target missiles which gyro for sorting and correlating the targets Mk 15 Mod 31 CIWS is also based upon the drop drastically and the numbers stored use way point targeting. according to range, range rate and angular Block 1B Phalanx with the gun system being onboard can be increased substantially. SP
5/2013 13 Sp’s exclusiveS News in Brief
By SP’s Special Correspondent Velocity Projectile (HVP), a next-genera- Captain Sandeep Metha, the Royal Navy the Indian Navy. The ships will be 63 tion, guided projectile capable of complet- fielded the HMS Westminster, a Type 23 metres long, with a maximum speed of 16 Atlas Elektronik to upgrade Indian ing multiple missions for the Electromag- Frigate, commanded by Capt Hugh Beard. knots and a range 7,400 km at 10 knots. Navy torpedoes netic Railgun, as well as existing five-inch The two navies conducted asymmet- Equipment on board the vessel will be and 155-mm gun systems deployed by ric operations, anti-air warfare and visit chosen from among Thales, Atlas Elek- the service. The HVP is designed to pro- board search and seizure (VBSS) exercises. tronik, Fábrica de Artillería Bazán FABA vide lethality and performance enhance- The exercise ran in two phases, ini- of Spain and France’s ECA SA. The Bharat ments to current and future gun systems, tially a harbour phase to test communica- Electronics Ltd (BEL) will supply the radar says BAE Systems. The objective of the tions and carry out training, as well a pre- and sonar on board the eight ships, while first phase is to produce a concept design sailing conference, and then the chance the armaments on board the ship will be and development roadmap towards fully to play each other at sports. The second built under a joint venture between BEL guided flight demonstrations. BAE Sys- phase was at sea where HMS Westminster and Oto Melara. tems, along with teammates United Tech- and INS Delhi engaged in a multitude of German advanced systems firm Atlas Elek- nologies and Custom Analytical Engi- operations, including gunnery, boarding, Vikramaditya to be commissioned tronik has been selected by the Indian Navy neering Systems (CAES), will develop and flying stations, anti-submarine and anti- on November 16 to upgrade 64 German-built AEG SUT-66 demonstrate a modular, low drag HVP. aircraft exercises. Mod.1 heavyweight torpedoes deployed The modular design will allow the HVP to on the HDW class 209 submarines, each of be configured for multiple gun systems Indo-US Naval Exercise Malabar 2013 which has a capacity for 14 such weapons. and to address different missions. The next edition of the Indo-US naval joint The upgrade programme will essentially exercise series ‘Malabar’ has kicked off in extend the life of the torpedoes by at least Indian Coast Guard chopper the Bay of Bengal. Participants from the US 15-17 years. The Indian Navy has selected competition moves forward Navy include the guided-missile destroyer the WASS BlackShark heavy torpedoes for USS McCampbell (DDG 85), Destroyer its Scorpene submarines, a prospective deal Squadron 15 and embarked Warlords of in which Atlas Elektronik was defeated, Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadron 51, in The erstwhile Admiral Gorshkov aircraft though the company remains bullish on the addition to one P-3C Orion maritime recon- carrier enters a new phase of its extended Indian market, with expected wins in con- naissance aircraft operating from Chennai. life on November 16 at Severodvinsk, tracts for active towed array sonars (ATAS) Indian assets fielded this time include the Russia, when it is commissioned into the for frontline Indian warships, as well as indigenous stealth frigate INS Shivalik, Indian Navy. The Vikramaditya will imme- other crucial weapons programmes that guided missile destroyer INS Ranvijay and diately become the largest ship the Indian remain to be defined formally by Naval HQ. Tu-142M maritime reconnaissance aircraft. Navy has ever operated, and will join ser- Woefully short of aviation assets, the According to the Indian Navy, events vice with the Western Fleet at Karwar in India to export sonars to Myanmar Indian Coast Guard finally has reason to planned during the at-sea portions include January. It’s arrival comes just days short In an unprecedented move signalling cheer, with the technical bids from three professional exchanges and embarkations; of a decade since the refurbishment con- heightened cooperation with neighbours, vendors to support a sale of 14 shore- communications exercises; Surface Action tract was signed between the former NDA India will export indigenously developed based twin engine multi-role helicopters Group operations; leapfrogs; helicopter Government and Russia. sonar systems to Myanmar, for use by its is complete, paving the way for the field cross-deck evolutions; gunnery exercises; The Vikramaditya will operate from navy. Three HUMSA sonars, developed by evaluation trials (FET) stage. The three visit board search and seizure; and anti- Karwar, and take on board MiG-29Ks from DRDO and built by the Bharat Electronics companies competing are Eurocopter, submarine warfare. the Black Panthers squadron currently Ltd (BEL), will be supplied to Myanmar in Sikorsky and AgustaWestland. The RFP operational and training at INS Hansa, Goa. the hull-mounted configuration for the for the acquisition—one of two, the other Indian, PLA warships conduct The ship was recently inspected by the country’s future Frigates, three of which being for 16 shipborne multi-utility chop- tactical exercise Indian Navy’s commissioning crew, led by -- the UMS Aung Zeya, UMS Kyan-Sit-Thar pers—was issued on November 5, 2012. Commodore Suraj Berry, who will be the and a yet unnamed third -- are currently in ship’s first Indian Commanding Officer. various stages of construction at separate Pipavav bags `920-crore Coast shipyards. HUMSA is the enhanced version Guard order ADA for Telemetry setup of the state-of-the-art Hull Mounted Pan- After being declared lowerst bidder last at INS Hansa oramic Sonar designed for the Indian Navy week, private shipbuilder Pipavav Defence in the nineties. and Offshore Engineering Co. Ltd is poised to win a `920-crore deal to supply design LCA-Navy ready to fly again shortly and build 14 new generation fast patrol vessels (FPVs) for the Indian Coast Guard. The company had won a contract On September 30, the Indian Navy and PLA worth nearly `3,000 crore in 2011 to build Navy crossed a major milestone in military new generation offshore patrol vessels for cooperation when Indian frigate INS Sahy- the Indian Navy. The fresh win bolsters its adri and Chinese detroyer Qingdao partici- position in the Indian market and posi- pated in a marine security exercise off the In preparation for the LCA Navy getting tions the company as a formidable chal- coast of New South Wales, Australia where back into the skies, perhaps by early lenger to state-owned yards like Goa Ship- both ships were attending a multilateral next year, the Aeronautical Develop- yard Ltd and GRSE. In July this year, after meet. Personnel from both ships visited ment Establishment (ADA) is looking to The LCA Navy, is likely to fly again soon by almost two years in limbo, a joint venture the other on skiffs, and interacted at a tac- fast-track the setting up of a shore-based early next year, top sources tell SP’s. After between Pipavav and state-owned Maza- tical level. The exchange was focused on telemetry facility to work with the test a first flight in April last year, followed by gon Docks Ltd (MDL) was cleared by the joint boarding drills, anti-piracy and secu- facility setup at the Dabolim airfield for three more development flights, the NP1 Ministry of Defence. rity in sea lanes. Indian Navy sources said STOBAR training. naval prototype is said to be ready to take the exercise would go a long way in pav- ADA is looking for vendors who can to the air again with significant modifica- Indo-UK Naval Exercise Konkan 2013 ing the way for expansion in cooperation take up design, development, procure- tions. The NP1 flight test was put on hold between the two countries. ment, testing, integration, installation, after ADA identified issues with the plat- commissioning, maintenance and opera- form’s landing gear and undercarriage India to order 8 minesweepers tion of a shore-based telemetry facility design, necessitating a technological con- from Korea to facilitate LCA Navy flight testing. The sultancy contract currently being executed In what has brought relief to the Indian telemetry station will need to have a track- with EADS. On the ground in Bengaluru Navy, the Indian Government is now ing capability of 200 km, deploy all neces- over the last year, the consultancy has poised to sign a $1.2-billion deal with sary sensors and monitoring systems with included issues pertaining to strengthen- South Korea’s Kangnam Corporation data and video intercom and distribution ing of the landing gear, sink rate parame- for eight mine countermeasure vessels systems. Interested vendors need to pro- ters and other critical aspects of approach. The ninth edition of the Indo-UK naval (MCMV). The first two 885-tonne vessels vide onsite operations and maintenance exercise ‘Konkan’ was conducted success- will be built in Korea, while the other six for three years, with embedded engineers BAE Systems to develop next-gen fully off the west coast of India earlier this will be built at the Goa Shipyard Ltd under and technicians. SP guided projectile for US Navy month, with two frontline surface combat- a technology transfer agreement. In a significant award, BAE Systems has ants from the two navies participating. The ships will progressively replace For complete versions, log on to: won a $33.6 million contract from the US While the Indian Navy fielded guided mis- the ageing Karwar and Pondicherry class www.spsnavalforces.net & Navy to develop and demonstrate a Hyper sile destroyer INS Delhi, commanded by minesweepers currently in service with www.spsmai.com www.spsnavalforces.net
14 5/2013 News
up to $21.24 billion in 2022. The frigate segment will generate the highest cumu- Publisher and Editor-in-Chief lative revenue, followed by the submarine Jayant Baranwal (SSN) and destroyer sectors. Assistant Group Editor R. Chandrakanth With surface military vessels being vulnerable to air as well as land-based Senior Editorial Adviser R. Adm (Retd) S.K. Ramsay missiles, the deployment of submerged Senior Technical Group Editor platforms such as submarines, unmanned Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand underwater vehicles or hybrid vessels Air Marshal (Retd) B.K. Pandey that combine the features of both surface Contributing Editor and submerged vessels, will go up in the Lt General (Retd) V.K. Kapoor medium and long terms. Assistant Editor Competition, especially from Asia-Pacific Sucheta Das Mohapatra shipbuilding companies is heightening. Ship- Contributors yards particularly from South Korea and to India some extent Japan are increasing their mar- Admiral (Retd) Arun Prakash ket position in the naval domain. Addition- R. Adm (Retd) Raja Menon ally, Chinese shipyards are widening their Cmde C.P. Srivastava Cmde (Retd) Sujeet Samaddar Indian Navy’s first advanced light Vikramaditya, Navy’s reach and ability to presence by offering relatively advanced Cmde (Retd) A.J. Singh helicopter squadron commissioned respond in real time to developing situa- yet low-cost solutions as well as competi- Europe The first ALH (Dhruv) Squadron was com- tions in our area of responsibility would tive financial packages to fund military ves- Alan Peaford, Doug Richardson, missioned at Kochi by Vice Admiral Shek- see a quantum jump. Aerial assets like sels deals, which is crucial considering the Andrew Brookes (UK) har Sinha, Flag Officer Commanding-in- UAVs, MIG-29K fighters, P-8I and Dhruv tighter budgets of navies in most countries. USA & Canada Chief Western Naval Command. Dhruv is have added punch to our quiver he added. Lon Nordeen (USA) the first indigenously designed and manu- Vice Admiral Satish Soni, Flag Officer Indonesian Navy acquires first Anil R. Pustam (West Indies) factured helicopter at the Hindustan Aero- Commanding-in-Chief Southern Naval CN235 maritime patrol aircraft West Asia/Africa nautics Limited and with its multi-role Command under whose administrative PT Air Indonesia (PT DI) has handed over a H.R. Heitman (S. Africa) capabilities has proven its mettle in all the control INAS 322 would function, in his CN235 maritime patrol aircraft (MPA) (Air- Chairman & Managing Director three services of the armed forces, Indian address said that the versatile aircraft bus Military) to the Indonesian Ministry of Jayant Baranwal Coast Guard, BSF and in the inventory of would soon be cleared for night SAR role, Defence. This aircraft is the first of three Executive Vice President (Planning & Business Development) foreign countries. The squadron would one of the few helicopters in the world CN235 maritime patrol aircraft ordered Rohit Goel have the name Indian Naval Air Squadron to have that capability over sea. He also by the Ministry of Defence under a trad- Administration & Circulation (INAS) 322. expressed satisfaction that the ALH would ing contract signed in December 2009. All Bharti Sharma Addressing the commissioning cer- beef up the coast security architecture. three CN235 aircraft will be operated by [email protected] emony parade, Vice Admiral Sinha said Earlier, Mona Sinha, the wife of Admiral the Indonesian Navy. This aircraft is the Creative Director that in the Navy, Dhruv helicopters have Shina, named the squadron as INAS 322 first CN235 MPA operated by the Navy to Anoop Kamath transformed into an advanced search and and unveiled the commissioning plaque. monitor and protect the vast Indonesian Design rescue (SAR) helicopter also used for mis- Commander Ravi Sivasankar, the first territorial waters. Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Sonu Singh Bisht sions like heliborne operations, and armed Commanding Officer of the Squadron, Research Assistant: Graphics patrol with night vision devices. Such recited the invocation and read out the Lockheed Martin’s Aegis Ballistic Survi Massey machines in the inventory have become commissioning warrant. The squadron will Missile tested successfully Sales & Marketing imperative for the Navy given the sce- call themselves “Guardians” with the credo The Missile Defense Agency (MDA), US Navy Director Sales & Marketing: Neetu Dhulia nario of low intensity maritime operations “Search Fearlessly, Rescue Valiantly” sig- and Lockheed Martin team had successfully General Manager: Rajeev Chugh (LIMO) and coastal security construct said nifying their primary role of SAR. The cer- intercepted a threat representative, medium- SP’s Website Sr. Web Developer: Shailendra P. Ashish the Admiral. Looking ahead, Vice Admiral emony was held at INS Garuda, the Naval range, separating ballistic missile target Web Developer: Ugrashen Vishwakarma Sinha said that with the commissioning of Air Station and mother base of INAS 322. SP using the second generation Aegis Ballistic Published bimonthly by Jayant Baranwal on behalf Missile Defense (BMD) weapon system and of SP Guide Publications Pvt Ltd. SM-3 Block IB guided missile. Building on the All rights reserved. No part of this publication may NOPV INS Sunayna commissioned systems (CIWS) and Chaff launchers. INS success of last month’s test (FTM-21), FTM- be reproduced, stored in a retrieval INS Sunayna, the second of the naval off- Sunayna can also carry a helicopter. 22 marked the eleventh time the USS Lake system, or transmitted in any form or by any shore patrol vessel (NOPV) class of ship Erie and crew have successfully performed means, photocopying, recording, electronic, or otherwise without the prior written was commissioned at Kochi on October Thales to equip AW159 helicopters in Navy and MDA at-sea test events against permission of the publishers. 15 by Vice Admiral Satish Soni, Flag Offi- for Republic of Korea Navy cruise and ballistic missile targets using the Printed in India cer Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Naval AgustaWestland and Thales are under second-generation Aegis BMD System. The by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd Command. INS Sunayna, to be based under contract to supply Compact Flash Sonics Aegis BMD 4.0.X configuration enables the © SP Guide Publications, 2013 Southern Naval Command is built at the dipping sonars for the Republic of Korea Navy to quickly defeat sophisticated ballistic Subscription/ Circulation Goa Shipyard Limited, and will meet the Navy’s new AW159 maritime operations missile threats by integrating sensors from Annual Inland: `600 • Overseas: US$180 increasing ocean surveillance and patrol- helicopters. The Compact Flash sonar is the space, land and sea for persistent and reli- E-mail: [email protected] ling requirements of the Indian Navy. Two latest member of Thales’s Flash range of able detection. [email protected] KOEL/Pielstick diesel engines enable INS dipping sonars. This low-frequency, long- Letters to the Editor Sunayna to achieve speeds in excess of range sonar system is lighter and designed UCAS’ centennial flight [email protected] 25 knots. The ship also has an automatic for smaller helicopters. It features an opti- For Advertising Details, Contact: power management system installed by mised, lightweight architecture as well as [email protected] [email protected] Larsen and Toubro. She is fitted with the a fully-electric reeling machine. The Com- latest navigation, communication and elec- pact Flash delivers outstanding perfor- SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD tronic support systems. The armament fit mance. The Sonics version also includes POSTAL ADDRESS Corporate Office include one 76mm gun with an electro- a complete sonobuoy processing system, A 133 Arjun Nagar, Opp Defence Colony, optic fire control system, close in weapon with a VHF receiver, picking up sonobuoy New Delhi 110 003, India data and processing it in real time on board Tel: +91(11) 24644693, 24644763, 24620130 the helicopter. By simultaneously process- Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 >> SHOW CALENDAR ing data from the dipping sonar and from Regd Office active and passive sonobuoys, the compact Fax: +91 (11) 23622942 E-mail: [email protected] flash provides the new intermediate class The X-47B (AV-2) has conducted the 100th 12–13 November helicopters with an unparalleled anti-sub- flight for the Navy’s unmanned combat Representative Offices 10th Annual Global MDA: BENGALURU, INDIA Coastal Surveillance 2013 marine warfare capability. air system demonstration (UCAS-D) pro- Air Marshal (Retd) B.K. Pandey Amara Sanctuary Resort Sentosa, Sin- gramme. The Navy UCAS programme 204, Jal Vayu Vihar, Kalyan Nagar, gapore Frost & Sullivan’s and SIS Market successfully completed all objectives for Bengaluru 560043, India. www.coastalsurveillancemda.com military naval vessels forecast the carrier demonstration phase with the Tel: +91 (80) 23682204 Consulting firm Frost & Sullivan’s Global X-47B in July. During three flights at-sea MOSCOW, RUSSIA 19–21 November Military Naval Vessels and SIS Market over eight months, the X-47B conducted a LAGUK Co., Ltd, Yuri Laskin Amphibious Operations Krasnokholmskaya, Nab., Copthorne Tara, London, UK Assessment has forecast that North Amer- total of 16 precision approaches to the car- 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, Russia. www.amphibiousoperations.com ica will remain the largest market, while rier flight deck, including five planned tests Tel: +7 (495) 911 2762, Asia-Pacific—the second biggest warship of X-47B wave-off functions, nine touch- Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260 9–11 December market—will grow significantly owing to the and-go landings, two arrested landings and www.spguidepublications.com Offshore Patrol Vessels Middle East 2013 regional arms race caused by the tension three catapult launches. The programme www.spsnavalforces.net Jumeirah at Etihad Towers Hotel, Abu among China and its neighbours and the is currently planning for continued car- Dhabi, UAE RNI Number: DELENG/2008/25836 www.opvmiddleeast.com unstable situation in the Korean Peninsula. rier integration demonstrations and has Military naval vessels market earned also begun surrogate Learjet testing of the 30–31 January 2014 revenues of $32 billion in 2013 and esti- autonomous aerial refuelling capability, Surface Warships mates this to reach $39.99 billion in 2022. which promises to significantly increase Action Stations, Portsmouth, UK Revenues of the SIS market touched $15.29 the endurance and range of carrier-based www.surfacewarships.com billion in 2013 and are expected to rocket unmanned aircraft. SP
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