Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment

CHAPTER 11.0 ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE ASSESSMENT & REMEDIATION PLAN, NATURAL & COMMUNITY SERVICES AUGMENTATION PLAN 11 Introduction Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited developed a resort project in an area of 4.5445 hectares (45445.9 sqm) with a total builtup area of 28615.2 m2, in a backwater island named Nediathuruthu at Survey nos. 266/1/87, 266/1/88, 263/3, 263/4, 266/1/1, 266/1/56, 263/2/2, 263/4/2, 263/10/3, 263/3, 263/1, Panavally Village and Panchayat, Cherthala Taluk, Alapuzha District, Kerala. The project consists of 54 resort villas with necessary supporting infrastructure facilities. The resort is on the Nediya thuruthu island is between panavelly village on mainland and Perumbalam Island located in Vembanadu backwaters, Alappuzha District, Kerala.

PART-A - ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE ASSESSMENT & REMEDIATION PLAN (Terms of Reference: 13, 14,15) 11.1 General Background The terms of reference obtained for the proposal for obtaining integrated environmental clearance and CRZ clearance for this project which completed construction by 75%, prescribed assessing the ecological damage due to construction of the project without obtaining environmental clearance and to prepare a remediation plan for the ecological damage assessed in this study. The present project had however obtained the consent to establish from the Kerala state pollution control board. The methodology adopted for assessing ecological damage is assessing comparative status of various environmental aspects before and after construction of the project, by referring to historical data available with statutory agencies and or other EIA reports prepared during that period. The site area being part of Vembanad lake in the backwaters had no proposal of any major developmental activity, which warranted an EIA report. Hence data collected by Kerala State pollution control board is utilized for comparison.

11.1.1 Air Environment The ambient air quality (AAQ) data collected by Kerala State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) in collaboration with the Central Pollution Control Boards at various monitoring locations in Alapuzha district during 2008 - prior to the construction of the project by Kapico Kerala Resorts Pvt. Ltd., was considered as the baseline information for comparision. The list of AAQ monitoring stations and their bearing w.r.t. to the project site is presented in table 11.1. The location of the monitoring stations is presented in Fig. 11.1. The AAQ data is presented in table 11.2. The ambient air quality concentrations observed as part of baseline data generation are presented in table 11.7. It may be noted that the concentrations observed in the base line data collection are comparable with the data collected by KSPCB during 2008.

Table 11.1 Ambient Air monitoring stations in Alappuzha District. S. No. Monitoring location Area type Distance from Project site 1 D.C. Mills, Pathirapally, Industrial 32.69 km. (SW) Alappuzha (Nr. Project site) 2 Alissery, Alappuzha Commercial 37.69 km. (SW)

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Fig. 11.1 – Ambient Air Monitoring Stations in Alappuzha District

Source :-Water & Air Quality Directory, 2008 by Kerala State Pollution Control Board.

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Table 11.2:Ambient Air monitoring stations analysis results at D.C. Mills, Pathirapally during 2008. Respirable Suspended Suspended Particulate Matter Sulphur Dioxide µg/m3 Nitrogen Oxides µg/m3 Parameter Particulate Matter µg/m3 µg/m3 24 h Limit: 120 µg/m3, max. 120 µg/m3, max. 150 µg/m3, max. 500 µg/m3, max. average min mean max n min mean max n min mean max n min mean max n January 2 3.9 13.7 10 12.1 19.3 50.3 10 20 80 144 10 141 135 321 10 February 2 5.3 20.8 10 4.5 14.4 44.8 10 32 71 154 10 48 144 222 10 March 2 3.5 15.1 10 4.5 21 44.8 10 19 56 130 10 33 101 178 10 April 2 2.7 11.3 10 4.5 10 27.3 10 19 43 128 10 24 95 160 10 May 2 3.5 11.38 10 4.5 13.6 10 17 53 164 10 30 111 236 10 June 2 3.4 24.1 10 4.5 10.8 34.1 10 18 45 120 10 62 106 176 10 July 2 2.1 4 10 4.5 5.3 14.8 10 19 . 42 115 10 57 107 217 10 August 2 3.4 26.5 10 10.7 17 51 10 19 51 249 10 28 103 304 10 September 2 6.8 32.7 10 4.5 25.3 64.7 10 24 60 125 10 46 115 273 10 October 4.7 4.9 23.2 10 4.5 7.2 26.2 10 22 83 434 10 48 143 493 10 November 2 4.3 28.4 10 4.5 9.1 36.3 10 41 94 381 10 82 140 421 10 December 2 5.8 24.1 10 4.5 21.3 54.7 10 22 53 120 10 44 110 243 10

Annual 4.1 µg/m3 14.5 µg/m3 61 µg/m3 117 µg/m3 average Limit: 80 µg/m3 max Limit: 80 µg/m3 max Limit: 120 µg/m3 max Limit: 360 µg/m3 max

µg/m3 : Microgram per cubic metre n: number of days monitoring conducted

Air quality Assessment & major findings of the ambient air quality monitoring carried out during the year 2008. The air quality details is given below:-

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Table 11.3 Pollution Level Classification Annual Mean concentration Range (µg/m3) Pollution level* Industrial (I) Residential (R) SO2& NO2 RSPM SPM SO2 , NO2 & RSPM SPM Low (L) 0-40 0-60 0-180 0-30 0-70 Moderate (M) 41-80 61-120 181-360 31-60 71-140 High (H) 81-120 121-180 361-540 61-90 141-210 Critical (C) >120 >180 >540 >90 >210 Source :- National Ambient Air Quality Status, 2008, published by Central Pollution Control Board, MoEF.

Table 11.4 Ambient Air Quality for the year 2008 interms of pollution level classification / categorization of Kochi City(L: Low, M: Moderate, H: High, C: Critical)*  Pollution Level Classification

SO2 NO2 RSPM SPM L L L L M M L M Source :- National Ambient Air Quality Status, 2008, published by Central Pollution Control Board, MoEF.

Table 11.5 : - Ambient Air Quality during 2008 of Kochi city Parameters Location1 Location2 Location3 Location4 Location5 SO2 (µg/m3) BDL 4 5 4 4 NO2 (µg/m3) BDL 20 18 BDL 12 RSPM (µg/m3) 49 44 36 45 50 SPM (µg/m3) 101 88 67 105 77 Air Quality L L L L L

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During the period of 2018 – Current status

Table 11.6Location of Ambient Air Quality monitoring stations during March, 2018 Code Location Distance & Direction A1 Within the project site - Between 0 to 5 km. A2 Panavalli Tekkumbhagam (in south west direction) Between 5 to 10 km. A3 Devar vattam (in south west direction) Between 0 to 5 km. A4 Puthotta (in north east direction) Between 5 to 10 km. A5 Kanjramattam (in north east direction)

Table 11.7 : - Ambient Air Quality values during March, 2018 1st week of March, 2018 LOCATION A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 NAAQ PARAMETERS Standards ( µg/m3 ) PM10 45.4 49.6 43.5 124 53.5 100 PM2.5 9.4 13.5 12.1 58.2 20.6 60 Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 80 Nitrogen dioxide (NO x) <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 11.6 <2.0 80 2nd week of March, 2018 LOCATION A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 NAAQ PARAMETERS Standards ( µg/m3 ) PM10 38.4 60.3 50.9 96.3 68.5 100 PM2.5 7.2 26.1 24.1 46.9 31.7 60 Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 80 Nitrogen dioxide (NO x) <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 9.5 <2.0 80 3rd week of March, 2018 LOCATION A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 NAAQ PARAMETERS Standards ( µg/m3 ) PM10 19.6 45.2 46.6 78.2 79.4 100 PM2.5 6.6 20.8 18.7 36.9 37.5 60 Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 80 Nitrogen dioxide (NO x) <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 10.4 <2.0 80

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4th week of March, 2018 LOCATION A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 NAAQ PARAMETERS Standards ( µg/m3 ) PM10 24.8 51.8 63.2 90.6 59.4 100 PM2.5 8.4 26.3 30.5 44.2 29.5 60 Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 80 Nitrogen dioxide (NO x) <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 8.7 <2.0 80 Source :- Primary source, monitoring conducted by the an NABL accredited laboratory.

Average values A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 NAAQ PARAMETERS Standards ( µg/m 3 ) PM10 32.1 51.7 51.1 97.3 65.2 100 PM2.5 7.9 21.7 21.4 46.6 29.8 60 Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) <2.00 <2.00 <2.00 <2.00 <2.00 80 Nitrogen dioxide (NO x) <2.00 <2.00 <2.00 10.1 <2.00 80

11.1.2 Inference :- On a comparison of the current monitored values (and current level (post site development) & as of the values of available ambient air quality parameters for the years 2008 and 2009 (prior to site development), the following inferences are arrived at.

Location 1 Parameters KSPCB, Current NAAQ Remark 2008 value standard Unit ( µg/m3 ) Marginal increase but still PM10 (RSPM) 49 52.1 100 within NAAQ standards Marginal increase but still SO2 BDL <2 80 within NAAQ standards Marginal increase but still NO2 BDL <2 80 within NAAQ standards

Location 2 Parameters KSPCB, Current NAAQ Remark 2008 value standard Unit ( µg/m3 ) PM10 (RSPM) 44 51.7 100 Marginal increase but still within NAAQ standards SO2 4 <2.0 80 No change NO2 20 <2.0 80 No change 11 - 6 Team Labs and Consultants Environmental Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment

Location 3 Parameters KSPCB, Current NAAQ Remark 2008 value standard Unit ( µg/m3 ) PM10 (RSPM) 36 51.1 100 Marginal increase but still within NAAQ standards SO2 5 <2.0 80 No change NO2 18 <2.0 80 No change

Location 4 Parameters KSPCB, Current NAAQ Remark 2008 value standard Unit ( µg/m3 ) PM10 (RSPM) 45 77.3 100 Increaseddue to creeping urbanization, but still within NAAQ standards SO2 4 <2.0 80 No change NO2 BDL 10.1 80 No change

Location 5 Parameters KSPCB, Current NAAQ Remark 2008 value standard Unit ( µg/m3 ) PM10 (RSPM) 50 65.2 100 Marginal increase but still within NAAQ standards SO2 4 <2.0 80 No change NO2 12 <2.0 80 No change

11.1.3 Conclusion - Ambient Air Monitoring Result & Discussions: From the above analysis results, it is observed that current levels of all the parameters of ambient air like PM10,PM2.5, SO2, & NO2 are much below NAAQ standards at all the locations.

Assessment of damages on Air Environment Damages during Construction Phase The major sources of air pollution due to construction are generated dust due to excavation of soil, loading and transportation of construction material, wind erosion of exposed material. Traffic and transport would have increased at site for bringing construction raw materials leading to temporary rise in ambient air pollution levels in the backwaters and vicinity (increase in levels of NOx, PM10, dust hazards).

Damages during Operation Phase DG sets will be used during power shut down must be causing minor air pollution during operation phase. The other major source of air pollution is vehicular pollution due to 11 - 7 Team Labs and Consultants Environmental Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment movement of residents and daily commuters to commercial and amenity areas within and outside the site.

SOURCES Mitigation Measures DG Set . EPA/CPCB certified DG sets conforming to the standards will be deployed. . D.G. set will be provided with effective stack height as per the norms of CPCB above the building height is provided. . Low-sulphur-content fuel (HSD - Sulphur content 0.05%) will be used. . Tree plantation/ green belt will be provided as per prescribed norm. . Regular monitoring of air quality . Promotion of use of cleaner fuel will be done.

Air Management . Landscape development surrounding the island resort boundary, and central greenery would compensate loss of biodiversity in addition to acting as a secondary mitigation measure for air and nose pollution control. . Battery operated buggy and solar power operated boats will ensure minimal air pollution due to the project during operation.

11.2 Ecological Environnent The project site is an island located in the backwaters of Vembanad lake in Alapuzha district of Kerala, famous for its aesthetic beauty due to greenery on the mainland as well as the islands in the lake. The Vembanad lake is yet to be declared as a critically vulnerable coastal area (CVCA) and it can be done only after due consultation with the local population as mentioned in CRZ Notification, 2011. It may be noted that neither public consultation in this regard nor declaration of this area CVCA was done by the Authorities. The assessment to the terrestrial &aquatic ecology of the site area and to the lake and its surroundings due to the present project were evaluated by comparing the biodiversity of a neighboring island with the biodiversity on site.

11.2.1 General Methodology

There was no historical data available by way of an EIA report. Hence historical images available from goggle earth were utilized to understand the coverage of greenery during various phases of the project construction. It was observed that the project site had coconut plantation with few houses prior to development of the island into a resort. Subsequent images reflect the progress of construction work and the latest image reflect matured greenery developed in the site covering the entire southern and eastern portion of the site, as greenery development/construction was stopped due to the court's directions.

Floristic survey in the project area and Nearby Similar plots:For vegetation analysis, initially available data on the vegetation types were gathered. Based on this, field

11 - 8 Team Labs and Consultants Environmental Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment tripsand camping were conducted for the survey. Standardized transect survey were used for the present study.

The general view of the similar plots taken for the study of the project site is provided at Plate 11.2.

Before Starting Construction Works (11/12/2006)

During Construction Stage (22/08/2008)

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Latest Image (12.5.2017) Fig11.2 HISTORIC GOOGLE EARTH IMAGES

11.2.2 Findings of floral assessment The assessment on the flora on the island available presently is studied. 82 plant species falling under 41 plant families were observed on the island. Angiosperms consist 80 species of the flora, with 28 species of trees including saplings, 12species of shrubs, 31 species of herbs and 31 species of climbers. There are two Pteridophytes (ferns) falling under Pteridaceaefamily. The most dominant plant family is Leguminosae with 7 plant species followed by Poaceae, Malvaceae and Compositae. One tree species namely Artocarpus hirsutusisendemic to Southern Western Ghats.

The Site has 82 species of plants. It consists of: Trees : 26 species Shrubs : 12 species Herbs : 31 species Climbers : 9 species Tree saplings : 25 species Ferns : 2 species

The plants (trees, tree saplings, shrubs, herbs, climbers, ferns) recorded from the project site is given at table 11.12.

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Table 11.8 THE FLORAL SPECIES RECORDED FROM THE PROJECT SITE Table 1 - List of trees S. Botanical Common Family Habitat Distribution Status No. Name Name Grown as Thespesia fence-posts populnea (L.) and avenue 1 Poovarasu Malvaceae Pantropical Sol. ex tree, also in Corrêa mangrove forests In plains along the banks of rivers and Calophyllum mangrove 2 Punna Clusiaceae inophyllum L. forests, also planted in the parks and roadsides Along the sides of water Cerbera courses, Indo- 3 odollam Othallam Apocynaceae ponds, in Malesia Gaertn. coastal areas and mangrove forests Native of Tropical and Annona Naturalized Kattatha and Sub tropical 4 glabra Annonaceae common in America back waters and W. Africa Cultivated Coccos Thengu / 5 Arecaceae Cultivated throughout nucifera L. Coconut the tropics Native of Albizia Mazha Cultivated Central and 6 saman maram/ra Leguminosae as avenue South (Jacq.) Merr. in tree tree America Along banks Barringtonia of Indo- Samudrac backwaters 7 racemosa (L.) Lecythidaceae Malesia to hampa and Spreng. mangrove Polynesia forests

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S. Botanical Common Family Habitat Distribution Status No. Name Name Native of Pancharap Tropical Muntingia pazham/ Cultivated, 8 Muntingiaceae America Exotic calabura L. Bird's Ornamental Cherry and West Indies Malesia to North Australia Terminalia Plains, and 9 Badam Combretaceae catappa L. Cultivated Polynesia, Commonly planted in the tropics

10 Peltophorum Copper Fabaceae Planted as Native of pterocarpum pod avenue tree. Australia Lannea coromandeli Deciduous Indo- Uthi/ 11 ca Anacardiaceae forest, also Malaysia Karayam (Houtt.)Merr in the plains and China . Casuarina Native of Choolama 12 equisetifolia Casuarinaceae Cultivated Malaysian ram L. Region Moist Erumanak deciduous ku/ Indo- Ficus hispida and semi- 13 Parakam/ Moraceae Malesia to evergreen L.f. Thondithe forests, also Australia rakam in the plains Originally from Tropical Psidium America; 14 Pera Myrtaceae Cultivated Exotic guajava L. now naturalised in the tropics Waste Morinda Mannapav places and 15 Rubiaceae citrifolia L. atta mangrove forests Acacia Native of 16 Acacia Leguminosae Cultivated Exotic auriculiformi Tropical 11 - 12 Team Labs and Consultants Environmental Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment

S. Botanical Common Family Habitat Distribution Status No. Name Name s Benth. Australia

Found in deciduous forests from plains to Cassia fistula Kanikkonn Caesalpiniacea Indo- 17 1400m. a e L. often Malesia planted along the roadsides. Ende Semi- mic to evergreen Southern South Artocarpus and moist 18 Anjili Moraceae Western ern hirsutus Lam. deciduous forests, also Ghats West in the plains ern Ghats Moist deciduous South and Alstonia Ezhilampa forests and South East 19 scholaris (L.) la/Devil Apocynaceae sacred Asia to R. Br. Tree groves, also Australia in the plains Cultivated from India to the Solomon Areca Kavung, Islands and 20 Arecaceae Cultivated catechu L Pakku less commonly in Africa and Tropical America Dry and moist Phyllanthus deciduous Throughout 21 Nelli Phyllanthaceae emblica forests, also the tropics cultivated in the plains Dry Azadirachta deciduous AryaVepp Indo- 22 indica Adr. Meliaceae forests, also u Malesia Juss. widely planted

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S. Botanical Common Family Habitat Distribution Status No. Name Name Evergreen and semi- Mangifera evergreen Indo- 23 Mavu Anacardiaceae indica L. forests and Malaysia also widely cultivated Dry and Tropical Trema moist Africa, Asia 24 orientalis (L.) Pottaama Ulmaceae deciduous and Bl. forests, also in the plains Australia Deciduous Pongamia and mangrove Indo- 25 pinnata (L.) Ungu Leguminosae forests, also Malesia Pierre planted as avenue tree Quassia Along India, backwaters indica Karinjotta Myanmar 26 Simaroubaceae and moist /Njotta (Gaertn.) deciduous and Sri Nooteb. forests Lanka

LIST OF TREE SAPLINGS

S. Botanical Common Family Habitat Distribution Status No. Name Name Deciduous and Pongamia mangrove Indo- 1 pinnata (L.) Ungu Leguminosae forests, also Malesia Pierre planted as avenue tree Dry Azadirachta deciduous Indo- 2 indica Adr. AryaVeppu Meliaceae forests, also Malesia Juss. widely planted Along banks of Barringtoni Indo- Samudracha backwaters 3 a racemosa Lecythidaceae Malesia to mpa and (L.) Spreng. Polynesia mangrove forests Quassia Along India, Karinjotta/Nj 4 indica Simaroubaceae backwaters Myanmar otta (Gaertn.) and moist and Sri 11 - 14 Team Labs and Consultants Environmental Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment

S. Botanical Common Family Habitat Distribution Status No. Name Name Nooteb. deciduous Lanka forests Native of Pancharappaz Tropical Muntingia Cultivated, 5 ham/ Bird's Muntingiaceae America Exotic calabura L. Ornamental Cherry and West Indies Dry and moist Phyllanthus deciduous Throughout 6 Nelli Phyllanthaceae emblica forests, also the tropics cultivated in the plains Grown as Thespesia fence-posts populnea and avenue 7 Poovarasu Malvaceae Pantropical (L.) Sol. ex tree, also in Corrêa mangrove forests Malesia to North Australia Terminalia Plains, and 8 Badam Combretaceae catappa L. Cultivated Polynesia, Commonly planted in the tropics In plains along the banks of Calophyllu rivers and m mangrove Punna Clusiaceae 9 inophyllum forests, also L. planted in the parks and roadsides Native of Tropical Naturalized Annona and Sub 10 Kattatha and common glabra Annonaceae tropical in back America waters and W. Africa Cultivated Coccos Thengu / 11 Arecaceae Cultivated throughout nucifera L. Coconut the tropics

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S. Botanical Common Family Habitat Distribution Status No. Name Name Peltophoru m Fabaceae Planted as Native of 12 Copper pod pterocarpu avenue tree. Australia m Casuarina Native of 13 equisetifoli Choolamaram Casuarinaceae Cultivated Malaysian a L. Region Found in deciduous forests from plains to Cassia Caesalpiniacea Indo- 14 Kanikkonna 1400m. fistula L. e Malesia often planted along the roadsides. Endem Semi- ic to evergreen Artocarpus Southern Southe and moist 15 hirsutus Anjili Moraceae Western rn deciduous Lam. Ghats Weste forests, also rn in the plains Ghats Moist Erumanakku/ deciduous Indo- Ficus Parakam/ and semi- 16 Moraceae Malesia to hispida L.f. Thonditherak evergreen Australia am forests, also in the plains Dry and Tropical Trema moist Africa, Asia 17 orientalis Pottaama Ulmaceae deciduous and (L.) Bl. forests, also Australia in the plains Waste places Morinda Mannapavatt and 18 Rubiaceae citrifolia L. a mangrove forests Lannea coromande Deciduous Indo- Uthi/ 19 lica Anacardiaceae forest, also Malaysia Karayam (Houtt.)Me in the plains and China rr. Originally Psidium from 20 Pera Myrtaceae Cultivated Exotic guajava L. Tropical America;

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S. Botanical Common Family Habitat Distribution Status No. Name Name now naturalised in the tropics Acacia Native of 21 auriculifor Acacia Leguminosae Cultivated Tropical Exotic mis Benth. Australia Moist deciduous South and Alstonia Ezhilampala/ forests and South East 22 scholaris Apocynaceae Devil Tree sacred Asia to (L.) R. Br. groves, also Australia in the plains Moist East Africa, Ficus deciduous Arabia, 23 exasperata Parakam Moraceae forests, also India and Vahl. in the plains Sri Lanka Along the sides of water Cerbera courses, Indo- 24 odollam Othallam Apocynaceae ponds, in Malesia Gaertn. coastal areas and mangrove forests Evergreen and semi- Mangifera evergreen Indo- 25 Mavu Anacardiaceae indica L. forests and Malaysia also widely cultivated

LIST OF SHRUBS Sl. Botanical Common Family Habitat Distribution Status No. Name Name Found in plains, upto 1000m. Has Native to Crotalaria also spread to Central and 1 Killukkichedi Leguminosae Exotic pallida Aiton. Tropical Tropical Africa, Asia, America. Malaysia, Queensland.

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Sl. Botanical Common Family Habitat Distribution Status No. Name Name Common Widesprea wayside weed Aerva lanata Amaranthacea d in the 2 Cherula by arable (L.) A.L.Juss. e tropics and lands, fallow subtropics fields. Moist deciduous, Canthium semi- India and 3 angustifoliu Kattakara Rubiaceae evergreen Myanmar m Roxb. and evergreen forests Melastoma Stream banks Melastomatacea South East 4 malabathricum Athirani and marshy e Asia L. areas Moist deciduous 5 Urena lobata L. Uram Malvaceae Pantropical forests and in the plains Chromolaena Native of A weed in all Exotic/ odorata (L.) Communist- America; 6 Compositae terrestrial Invasive R.M.King& pacha naturalised in habitats Species H.Rob. Tropical Asia Clerodendru Degraded m forest areas Indo- 7 Perivelam Verbenaceae Exotic infortunatu and also in Malesia m L. the plains Wastelands, Sida also in 8 Kurunthotti Malvaceae Pantropical rhombifolia L. degraded forest areas In the plains, Peninsular Ixora coccinea Thechi/ 9 Rubiaceae also grown in India and Sri L. Chethi homesteads Lanka

Hibiscus rosa- Native of 10 sinensis L. var. Chembarathi Malvaceae Cultivated Exotic Pacific Islands rosa-sinensis

Pandanus Pookaitha/ Mangrove Tropical and odorifer 11 Thazhambu/ Pandanaceae forests and sea subtropical (Forssk.) Thala coasts Asia Kuntze. Dry and moist Hibiscus deciduous 12 hispidissimus Matthippuli Malvaceae Paleotropics forests, also in Griff. the plains 11 - 18 Team Labs and Consultants Environmental Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment

LIST OF HERBS Sl. Botanical Common Family Habitat Distribution Status No. Name Name Degraded moist deciduous, Phyllanthus Phyllanthac Medici 1 Keezharnelli forest Tropics amarus eae nal plantations and also in plains Native of Dactylocteni South um Kakkakalan Marshy lands America, 2 Poaceae aegyptium pullu and open areas naturalised (L.) Willd. in Paleotropics Colocasia Waterlogged 3 esculenta Chembu Araceae ditches and Pantropical Exotic (L.) Schott streamside Kyllinga Vallimuthan Waste places, nemoralis ga/ degraded forest 4 Cyperaceae Pantropical (J.R.Forst. & Whitehead areas and G.Forst.) spikesedge grasslands Cleome 5 rutidosperm Neelavela Cleomaceae In coastal areas Pantropical a DC. Grasslands and Desmodium Cherupallad moist deciduous Indo-Malesia 6 Fabaceae triflorum i forests, also in and Australia plains Most abundant weed of disturbed Ageratum Invasiv ground and 7 conyzoides Appa Compositae Pantropical e fallows, damp L. Species places and forest undergrowth. Native of Kodappullu/ Degraded forests, Tropical Africa, Chloris Konda- 8 Poaceae wastelands and spread to Exotic barbata Sw. pullu/Mayil riversides other tropical pullu countries Grasslands, Cyanotis Commelinace degraded forest 9 cristata (L.) Paleotropics ae areas and D.Don. wastelands

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Sl. Botanical Common Family Habitat Distribution Status No. Name Name Malamthak Along riversides Senna alata 10 ara/Candle Leguminosae and margins of Pantropical (L.) Roxb. Bush ponds Weed among Cleome cultivated plants, Invasive 11 Manjavela Cleomaceae Pantropical viscosa L. wastelands, Species roadsides, etc. Dry and moist Sida acuta 12 Kurunthotti Malvaceae deciduous forests, Pantropical Burm.f. also in the plains Weed of still and Native to brazil Exotic/In Salvinia slow flowing fresh and now 13 Salviniaceae vasive adnata Desv. water, Aquatic spread world species fern wide Cultivated Musa 14 Vazha Musaceae Cultivated throughout the paradisiaca L. tropics

Paspalum Banks of 15 conjugatum Hilograss Poaceae backwaters and P.J.Bergius rivers Native of Tropical Deciduous forests, America; now Tridax Odiyanchee 16 Asteraceae also waste lands inwidespread Exotic procumbens L. ra the plains throughout tropics and subtropics Bunds of paddy Eragrostis fields, streams, South East unioloides Karayampull 17 Poaceae banks of Asia, India and (Retz.) Nees ex u backwaters and Africa Steud. waste places Along banks of Cynodon backwaters, bunds 18 dactylon (L.) Karukapullu Poaceae of paddy fields Pers. and wastelands Fimbristylis West Indian Wet places and 19 ferruginea (L.) Cyperaceae Pantropical Fimbry mangrove forests Vahl Degraded forest Euphorbia Euphorbiacea areas and forest 20 Nilappaala Pantropical. hirta L. e plantations, also in the plains 11 - 20 Team Labs and Consultants Environmental Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment

Sl. Botanical Common Family Habitat Distribution Status No. Name Name Marshy areas in Cyperus degraded forests 21 javanicus Cyperaceae and mangrove Pantropical Houtt. forests, also in the plains Found by the Boerhavia Thazhutham Nyctaginacea waysides, 22 Pantropical diffusa L. a e wastelands, river banks and hedges Indo-Malesia, Sphaeranthus Adakkyama Lake shores, 23 Asteraceae Australia and indicus niyan paddy fields, etc. Africa Typha 24 Payapullu Typhaceae Marshy fields Cosmopolitan angustifolia L. Dry and moist Axonopus Kaalappullu deciduous forests, Tropics and 25 compressus / Carpet Poaceae waste lands and subtropics (Sw.) P.Beauv. Grass paddy fields Common on moist and ungrazed Native of places. Near Mimosa South America, 26 Thottavadi Leguminosae riverbanks, bunds Exotic pudica L. now of arable lands, pantropical. fallow lands and water courses. Wedelia Aswagandhi Marshy areas and 27 chinensis / Kammal Compositae Indo-Malesia mangrove forests (Osbeck) Merr. poovu Kulayadamb Marshy areas Aniseia u/ Convolvulace along backwaters 28 martinicensis Pantropical Venthirutha ae and mangrove (Jacq.) Choisy li forests Native of Scoparia dulcis Plantaginacea Tropical 29 Kallurukki Wasteplaces Exotic L. e America; now Pantropical Cultivated as Central Asia Pennisetum fodder grass, 30 Poaceae and North orientale Rich. often found Africa running wild Growing in wet, Limnocharis Yellow waterlogged, Native to 31 flava (L.) Alismataceae velvetleaf exposed lands and Southeast Asia Buchenau rice fields

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LIST OF CLIMBERS Sl. Botanical Common Family Habitat Distribution Status No. Name Name sandy sea Atampa, coasts and Ipomoea 1 Chunvanna- Convolvulaceae mangrove Circumtropical bilobata adambu forests, also in the plains Native in Epipremnum Mo'orea, 2 Money plant Araceae aureum French Polynesia Semi- Cyclea peltata evergreen and India and Sri 3 (Lam.) Hook. Padathali Menispermaceaeevergreen Lanka f. & Thoms. forests, also in the plains Common along foothills, lower Tropical and Mikania slopes, scrub subtropical 4 micrantha Vayara Compositae jungles even in Invasive regions of the Kunth poor soils, on world. bare exposed slopes. Centrosema Native of Kattupayar/ 5 pubescens Leguminosae Cultivated Tropical Exotic Butterfly Pea Benth. America Merremia Degraded vitifolia Manja forest areas Indo-China Invasive 6 Convolvulaceae (Burm. f.) kolambi valli and also in the and China species Hallier f. plains Moist and dry Ichnocarpus deciduous Indo-Malesia 7 frutescens (L.) Palvalli Apocynaceae forests, also in and Australia R.Br. the plains Very common Native of along tropical Passiflora roadsides, America, now 8 Poodapazham Passifloraceae Exotic foetida L. thickets and widely water courses naturalized the from plains tropics Along banks of Derris backwaters 9 Ponumvalli Leguminosae Paleotropics trifoliata Lour. and mangrove forests

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LIST OF FERNS Sl. Botanical Common Family Habitat Distribution No. Name Name Pityrogramma Common on open American origin,now 1 calomelanos (L.) Silver fern Pteridaceae ground in fairly widely distributed in Link exposed places pan-tropics Adiantum Disturbed open Native to tropical 2 Pteridaceae latifolium Lam. areas. America

11.2.3 Faunal aspects The faunal species recorded here is based on the direct/indirect sightings form the project site.

Methodology

 Birds, Butterflies, Dragon Flies: Line Transect & Point count method  Mammals: Line Transect method, Consultation with local people  Amphibians: Transect and Patch Sampling  Spiders: Searching and Direct Observations

Regarding the conservation status of the fauna, none of the animal species identified from the site belonged to the threatened categories identified by the International Union for Conservation of the Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Most of them are common and widely distributed and the range of occurrence extended to wide geographical area. One species of butterfly i.e., Southern Birdwing (Troides minos) reported from the study area is endemic to W. Ghats.The following lists of faunal elements were observed from the site:

Birds : 17 species Mammals : 6 species Butterflies : 14 species Odonates : 5 species Amphibians : 4 species Reptiles 7 species Spiders 7 species Aunts : 6 species

The list of faunal species (List of Mammals (In and around the project site), List of Reptiles, List of Birds List of Amphibians , List of Odonates, List of Butterflies, List of Millipedes and Centipedes, List of Ants, List of Spiders) observed in the study area are listed in table 11.9.

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Table 11.9 THE FAUNAL SPECIES RECORDED FROM THE AREA List of Mammals (In and around the project site) IW(P)A S.N. Common Name Scientific Name IUCN Status (Schedule) 1 Indian Flying Fox Pteropus giganteus Least Concern V 2 Pig Rat Bandicota indica Least Concern V Greater Short- 3 Cynopterus sphinx Least Concern V nosed Fruit Bat Three striped Palm Funambulus 4 Least Concern V Squirrel palmarum 5 Common House Rat Rattus rattus Least Concern V Palm civet/Toddy Paradoxurus 6 Least Concern II Cat hermaphroditus Indian Grey 7 Herpestes edwardsii Least Concern III Mongoose * IW(P)A -The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

List of Reptiles S. No. Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Status 1 Daboia russelii Russell's viper Least Concern 2 Ptyas mucosa Oriental Rat Snake Least Concern 3 Varanus bengalensis Common Indian monitor Least Concern 4 Mabuya macularius Bronze Grass Skink Least Concern 5 Calotes versicolor Oriental Garden Lizard Least Concern 6 Ahaetulla nasutus Green vine snake Least Concern 7 Bungarus caeruleus Common Krait Least Concern Common Bronzeback Tree 8 Dendrelaphis tristis Snake 9 Hemidactylus mabouia House gecko Least Concern

List of Birds S.N. Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Status 1 Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant Least Concern 2 Pycnonotus jocosus Red Whiskered Bulbul Least Concern 3 Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel Least Concern 4 Egretta garzetta Little Egret Least Concern 5 Orthotomus sutorius Common Tailorbird Least Concern 6 Haliastur indus Brahminy kite Least Concern 7 Psittacula krameri Rose ringed parakeet Least Concern 8 Megalaima viridis White cheeked barbet Least Concern 9 Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal Least Concern 10 Milvus migrans Black Kite Least Concern 11 - 24 Team Labs and Consultants Environmental Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment

S.N. Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Status 11 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Least Concern 12 Anhinga rufa Oriental darter Least Concern 13 Columba livia Blue Rock Pigeon Least Concern 14 Circus aeruginosus Eurasian Marsh Harrier Least Concern 15 Casmerodius albus Large Egret Least Concern 16 Mesophoyx intermedia Median Egret Least Concern 17 Copsychus saularis Oriental magpie robin Least Concern 18 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Least Concern 19 Ardea purpurea Purple Heron Least Concern 20 Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron Least Concern 21 Pitta brachyura Indian Pitta Least Concern 22 Alcedo atthis Small Blue Kingfisher Least Concern 23 Dicrurus paradiseus Racket tailed Drongo Least Concern 24 Halcyon smyrnensis White Throated Kingfisher Least Concern 25 Dendrocitta vagabunda Indian Treepie Least Concern 26 Halcyon capensis Stork-billed Kingfisher Least Concern 27 Accipiter badius Shikra Least Concern 28 Hierococcyx varius Common Hawk Cuckoo Least Concern 29 Corvus splendens House Crow Least Concern 30 Nectarinia lotenia Loten’s Sunbird Least Concern

List of Amphibians S.No. Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Status 1 Polypedates leucomystax Common Tree Frog Least Concern 2 Duttaphrynus melanostictus Indian common toad Least Concern 3 Pseudophilautus kani Kani Bush Frog Least Concern 4 Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Indian skipper frog Least Concern 5 Euphlyctis hexadactylus Green Pond Frog Least Concern 6 Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Indian bullfrog Least Concern 7 Fejervarya limnocharis Cricket Frog Least Concern

List of Odonates S. No. Scientific Name Common Name 1 Ceriagrion cerinorubellum Orange-Tailed Marsh Dart 2 Neurothemis tullia Pied Paddy Skimmer 3 Aethriamanta brevipennis Scarlet Marsh Hawk 4 Pantala flavescens Wandering Glider 5 Ceriagrion coromandelianum Coromandel Marsh Dart 6 Potamarcha congener Yellow-Tailed Ashy Skimmer 7 Ictinogomphus rapax Common Clubtail 11 - 25 Team Labs and Consultants Environmental Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment

S. No. Scientific Name Common Name 8 Bradinopyga geminata Granite Ghost 9 Crocothemis servilia Ruddy Marsh Skimmer 10 Orthetrum sabina Green Marsh Hawk 11 Rhodothemis rufa Rufous Marsh Glider 12 Rhyothemis vareiegata Common Picture Wing 13 Hydrobacsileus croceus Amber-winged Marsh Glider 14 Diplacodes trivialis Ground Skimmer

List of Butterflies S.No. Common Name Scientific Name Status Papilionidae 1 Common Rose Pachliopta aristolochiae Fabricius 2 Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus Linnaeus 3 Crimson Rose Pachliopta hector Linnaeus Endemic to 4 Southern Birdwing Troides minos Cramer W.Ghats 5 Paris Peacock Papilio paris Linnaeus 6 Common Mormon Papilio polytes Linnaeus 7 Red Helen Papilio helenus 8 Blue Mormon Papilio polymnestor Pieridae 9 Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe Linnaeus 10 Common Emigrant Catopsilia Fabricius 11 Common Jezebel Delias eucharis Drury 12 Great Orange Tip Hebemoia glaucippe Linnaeus 13 Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe Linnaeus 14 Common Wanderer Pareronia valeria Nymphalidae 15 Common Evening Brown. Melanitis leda Linnaeus 16 Common Sailor Neptis hylas Linnaeus 17 Common Palmfly Elymnias hypermnestra Linnaeus 18 Yellow Pansy Junonia Hierta 19 Common Nawab Po1yura athamas 20 Blue Tiger Tirumala limniace Cramer 21 Common Five-ring Ypthima baldus Fabricius 22 Common Lascar Pantoporia hordonia Stoll 23 Common Four-ring Ypthima huebneri Kirby 24 Common Baron Euthalia aconthea Cramer

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S.No. Common Name Scientific Name Status 25 Common Crow Euploea core Stoll 26 Lemon Pansy Junonia lemonias Linnaeus 27 Nigger Orsotriaena medus Fabricius 28 Blue Tiger Tirumala limniace Cramer 29 Chocolate Pansy Junonia iphita Cramer Lycaenidae 30 Yamfly Loxura atymnus 31 Red Spot Zesius chrysomallus Hiibner 32 Red Pierrot Talicada nyseus Guerin-Meneville 33 Common Cerulean Jamides celeno Cramer Hesperidae 34 Water Snow Flat Tagiades litigiosa MOschler 35 Chestnut Bob Iambrix salsala Moore 36 Pygmy Grass Hopper Aeromachus pygmaeus Fabricius 37 Grass Demon Udaspes folus Cramer 38 Bush Hopper Ampittia dioscorides Fabricius 39 Straight Swift Parnara bada Moore

List of Millipedes and Centipedes S.N. Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Status 1 Leptogoniulus sorornus Least Concern 2 Trigoniulus corallinus Rusty millipede Least Concern

List of Ants S.N. Common Name Scientific Name 1 Greater Trap-Jaw Ant Ondontomachus haematodus 2 Red fire Ant Solenopsis geminata 3 Golden Backed Ant Camponotus sericeus 4 Yellow crazy Ant Anoplolepis gracilipes 5 Black Crazy Ant Paratrechina longicornis 6 Miniscule House Ant Tetramorium smithi

List of Spiders S.N. Family Scientific Name 1 Lycosidae Hippasa agelenoides 2 Oxyopidae Oxyopes biramanicus 3 Araneidae Eriovixia laglaisei 4 Salticidae Plexippus petersi 5 Sparassidae Hetropoda venatoria

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6 Araneidae Argiope pulchella 7 Hersilidae Hersilia savignyi

11.2.4 Aquatic Fauna presented

LIST OF FISHES

Sl. No. Family Scientific names 1. Psettodidae Psettodes erumei 2. Anguillidae Anguila bengalensis 3. Terapontidae Therapon jarbua 4. Belonidae Belone cancila 5. Scatophagidae Scatophagus argus 6. Belonidae Strongylura strongylura 7. Leiognathidae Secutor insidiator 8. Clupeidae Anodontostoma chacunda 9. Epinephelidae Epinephelus malabaricus 10. Engraulidae Stolephorus commersoni 11. Eleotridae Butis butis 12. Aplocheilidae Aplocheilus lineatus 13. Centropomidae Lates calcarifer 14. Aplocheilidae Aplocheilus blockii 15. Carangidae Scomberoides tol 16. Elopidae Elops machnata 17. Anabantidae Anabas testudineus 18. Elopidae Elops saurus 19. Megalopidae Megalops cyprinoids 20. Chanidae Chanos chanos 21. Mugilidae Liza parsia 22. Mugilidae Mugil cephalus 23. Ambassidae Ambasis ambassis 24. Ambassidae Ambassis commersoni 25. Cichlidae Etroplus suratensis 26. Cichlidae Etroplus maculates 27. Cichlidae Oreochromis mossambicus 28. Tetraodontidae Tetraodon viridipunctatus 29. Gobiidae Glossogobius giuris 30. Lutjanidae Lutjanus argentimaculatus 31. Lutjanidae Lutjanus johni 32. Polynemidae Lutjanus johni 33. Polynemidae Eleutheronema tetradactylum 34. Bagridae Mystus singhala 35. Bagridae Mystus gulio

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LIST OF CRUSTACEANS Sl. No. Scientific name Common Name Family 1 Fenneropenaeus indicus Indian white prawn Penaeidae 2 Neosarmatium malabaricum Sesarmid crab Pilumnidae 3 Penaeus monodon Black tiger prawn Penaeidae 4 Neosarmatium smithi Large mangrove crab Pilumnidae 5 Penaeus semisulcatus Green tiger prawn Penaeidae 6 Parasesarma plicatum Mud flat crab Grapsidae 7 Metapenaeus dobsoni Flower tail prawn Penaeidae 8 Portunus pelagicus Reticulate crab Portunidae 9 Metapenaeus affinis Brown shrimp Penaeidae 10 Metapenaeus monoceros Speckled shrimp Penaeidae 11 Varuna litterata Paddler crab Grapsidae 12 Macrobrachium rosenbergii Giant freshwater prawn Palaemonidae 13 Macrobrachium idella Slender river prawn Palaemonidae 14 Macrobrachium equidens Rough river prawn Palaemonidae 15 Scylla serrata Mangrove crab Portunidae 16 Uca inversa inversa Fiddler crab Ocypodidae 17 Balanus amphitrite Striped barnacle Balanidae 18 Uca virens Green banded fiddler crab Ocypodidae 19 Scylla tranquibarica Green mud crab Portunidae

List of Molluscs Sl. No. Scientific name Common Name Family 1 Pila globosa Fresh water snail Ampullariidae 2 Lamellidens marginalis Indian freshwater mussel Unionidae 3 Meretrix casta Backwater clam Veneridae 4 Meretrix meretrix Asiatic hard clam Veneridae 5 Paphia malabarica Short neck clam Veneridae 6 Villorita cyprinoides Gray Black clam Cyrenidae 7 Saccostrea cucullata Rock oyster Ostreidae 8 Crassostrea madrasensis Backwater oyster Ostreidae 9 Perna viridis Green mussel Mytilidae 10 Bulla ampulla Bubble snail Bullidae 11 Telescopium telescopium Horn snail Potamididae LIST OF MICRO BENTHOS Sl. No. Phylum/Class Scientific name 1 Cnidaria 1. Bimeria franciscana 2 Polychaeta 2. Amphicteis gunneri 3. Ancistrosyllis constricta 4. Branchiocapitella singularis 5. Capitella capitata 6. Ceratonereis costae 7. Ceratonereis mirabilis 11 - 29 Team Labs and Consultants Environmental Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment

8. Dendronereis aestuarina 9. Dendronereis arborifera 10. Ficopomatus macrodon 11. Glycera alba 12. Glycera convoluta 13. Goniada emerita 14. Heteromastides bifidus 15. Lumbrinereis latrelli 16. Lumbrinereis notocirrata 17. Marphysa gravelyi 18. Nephtys oligobranchia 19. Nereis chingrighattensis 20. Paraheteromastus tenuis 21. Perinereis cavifrons 22. Pista indica 23. Prionospio pinnata 3 Oligochaeta 1. Aulodrilus remex 2. Dero cooperi 4 Gastropoda 1. Indoplanorbis exustus 2. Littorina littorea 5 Bivalvia 1. Anadara granosa 2. Bankia campane llata 3. Crassostrea cuttackensis 4. Martesia striata 5. Martesia fragilis 6. Modiolus striatulus 7. Nasutora hedleyi 8. Perna viridis 9. Saccostrea cuculata 10. Tellina tenuis 11. Teredo furcifera 12. Teredora princesae 6 Crustacea 1. Apseudes chilkensis 2. Balanus amphitrite 3. Benthopanope indica 4. Grandideirella bonnieri 5. Grandideirella gilesi 6. Melita zeylanica 7. Metopograpsus messor 8. Photis digitata 9. Scylla tranquebarica 10. Sphaeroma terebrans 7 Insecta 1. Cybister convexus 2. Chironomid larvae 3. Mayfly larvae 4. Mosquito larvae 11 - 30 Team Labs and Consultants Environmental Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment

5. Odonata larvae 6. Water beetle larvae List of Zooplankton Sl. No. Family Scientific Name 1 Penaeidae Lucifer typus 2 Oithonidae Oithona hebes 3 Oithonidae Oithona brevicornis 4 Acartiidae Acartia centrura 5 Acartiidae Acartia bowmani 6 Acartiidae Acartia spinicauda 7 Acartiidae Acartia erythraea 8 Pontellidae Labidocera pectinata 9 Pontellidae Labidocera kroyeri 10 Paeudodiaptomidae Paeudodiaptomus mertoni 11 Paeudodiaptomidae Paeudodiaptomus jonesi 12 Paeudodiaptomidae Paeudodiaptomus aurivilli 13 Diaptomidae He1iodiaptmus cinctus 14 Eucalanidae Eucalanus monaohus 15 Eucalanidae Eucalanus crassua 16 Centropagidae Centropages aloocki 17 Centropagidae Centropages furcatus 18 Eucalanidae Eucalanus monaohus 19 Eucalanidae Eucalanus crassua 20 Chaetognatha Sagitta bedoti 21 Chaetognatha Sagitta robusta 22 Diphyidae Diphyes chamissonis 23 Diphyidae Lensia subtiloides 24 Eutimidae Eutima commensalis 25 Eirenidae Eirene menoni 26 Eirenidae Eirene ceylonensis 27 Lovenellidae Eucheilota menoni 28 Companulariidae Blackfordia virginica List of Macro Benthos Sl. No. Phylum/Class Scientific name 1 Crustacea 1. Apseudes chilkensis 2. Corophium triaenonyx 3. Photis digitata 4. Grapsus albolineatus 5. Metopograpsus messor 6. Pseudosesarma edwardsi 7. Uca lactea 2 Mollusca 1. Littoraria undulata 2. Bellamya benglensis 3. Melanoides tuberculata 4. Indoplanorbis exustus 11 - 31 Team Labs and Consultants Environmental Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment

5. Anadara granosa 6. Modiolus striatulus

List of Phytoplankton Sl. No. Groups Scientific name 1 Diatoms 1. Fragilleria oceanica, 2. Gyrosigma balticum, 3. Navicula spp., 4. Pleurosigma normanii 5. Pleurosigma elongatum 6. Suriella spp. 7. Synedra spp. 8. Rhizosolenia spp. 9. Skeletonema costatum 10. Thallasionema spp. 11. Nitzschia closteriium 12. Nitzschia longissima 13. Rhizosolenia robusta 14. Asterionella japonica 15. Coscinodiscus perforatus 16. Biddulphia mobiliensis 17. Coscinodiscus radiatus 2 Dinoflagellates 1. Peridiniumclaudicans, 2. Peridinium depressum 3. Peridinium pentagonum 4. Ceratium spp. 5. Ceratium furca 6. Dinophysis spp. 3 Blue Green Algae 1. Nostoc spp. 2. Anabaena spp. 3. Oscillatoria spp.,

Methodology Fishes: Hand nets, Gill nets, Cast nets, Consultation with local fisher men and public.

Benthic Organisms: Grab Samples, Searching and Direct observations, Consultation with local fisher men and public.

Phytoplankton and Zoo Plankton: Sampling using Plankton nets, Microscopic identification

11.2.5 Conclusion

In the recreated biodiversity study for the present project, clearly shows thatmost of the species recorded are common and widely distributed and the range of occurrence extended to wide geographical area. Thus, the loss of Biodiversity due to the present 11 - 32 Team Labs and Consultants Environmental Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment project is not much significant. Most of the species used for landscaping for the present project are local species viz. Coccos nucifera, Cassia fistula, Phyllanthus emblica etc. Presently the project proponent completed plantation of coconut trees which were cut/ cleared during construction and also as avenue plantation along the walkways. In view of the above, the following remediation and eco-restoration measures are proposed to ensure sustainable development of the site. The species suggested for eco- restoration is also re-produced in the EMP.

Recommendations The following recommendations were made for the sustainable development of the project so as to protect the biodiversity of the area. 1. Solar powered boats for transferring guests will be adopted to ensure minimal impact on aquatic ecology of backwaters. 2. The entire energy requirement will be drawn from an offsite solar power plant, thereby reducing the indirect impacts due to greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in least carbon foot print for the resort and for its guest. Solid waste will be segregated at source and biodegradable waste is used for generation of biogas. All recyclable wastes shall be sent to recyclers. It will also endeavor to reduce plastic usage to the maximum extent. 3. The project has thick greenery some parts of the island (as observed from the google earth images), wherein the constructed area is covered with greenery, and the management may ensure similar greenery on the entire island, targeting net positive impact on biodiversity. 4. Guests will be educated at the reception point regarding the back waters and its ecology and the need for sustainable practices during their stay at the resort.

The following species of native plants will be used for landscaping S. No. Trees Shrubs 1 Tabernaemontana alternifolia Dendrocalamus strictus 2 Briedelia retusa Bambusa bambos 3 Artocarpus hirsutus Helicteres isora 4 Saraca asoca Sida rhombifolia 5 Terminalia paniculata Glycosmis pentaphylla 6 Mimusops elengi L. Justicia adhatoda 7 Syzygium cumini Mussaenda frondosa 8 Dalbergia latifolia Capparis rheedii 9 Lannea coromandelica Bambusa vulgaris 10 Grewia tiliifolia Ixora coccinea 11 Xylia xylocarpa Pseudarthria viscida

11.2.6 Biological remediation plan The details regarding biological remediation plan is given below:- 1. Project proponent will plant about 300 native tree species to enhance the biodiversity within the area.

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2. The project proponent will set apart an amount of Rs. 1,000/- per tree species and the total cost on account of tree plantation is i.e. Rs. 1,000/- x 300 trees = Rs. 30,0000/- 3. The project proponent will set apart an amount of Rs.2,00,000/- for plantation of shrubs / herbs etc. within the site. 4. The project proponent has already planted about 80% of the trees, and the balance work will be taken up once the approvals are obtained. 5. Green Area Development Management -Development of greenery is integral part of the resort development as aesthetics and being in consonance with the surrounding greenery is critical for viability of such projects. Accordingly, the proponent envisages to camouflage the site with greenery. There shall be monitory provision made for development of green belt. A horticulture officer and gardener shall be appointed for the same. Maintenance shall include watering and manuring plants at appropriate time, weeding out unwanted plants, cleaning, replacing wilted/died plants etc. 6. The proponent shall submit a bank guarantee for Rs. 3,00,000/- towards the balance greenery development. The proponent shall additionally develop greenery both at the reception point in the main land and the staff quarters area in Perumbalam Island, towards compensatory tree plantation.

11.3 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT The agricultural production capacity of the island is lost due to the construction of the project in addition to loss of livelihood opportunity for both the land owners and agricultural labor. However the construction of this project has a net positive impact as it generates employment and revenues to be accrued to the local body, state and central governments. The positive impacts of the project are as follows;

 The island resort project enhances the tourism potential of the State due to its world class facilities to be managed by Banyan tree group. The proponent paid Rs. 2.68 crores of taxes to the local body, state and central government during the construction period. (between July, 2008 to January, 2013).  The project proponent has already spent an amount of about Rs. 7 lakhs for the welfare of local community in the Panavally Panchayat by way of medical assistance, assistance to set up shop, scholarship to the students etc.  The operation of the project shall ensure steady income to the local body by way of taxes in addition to accrual of GST to both central and state governments.  The proponent assured to ensure gender equality and employ about 500 persons (skilled, semi skilled and un skilled) for the project and its supporting activities from among the local population.  The indirect employment potential due to the operation of the project shall be 3,000, contributing mainly to the local economy ranging from agri-produce supply to tourist guides.  A preliminary need assessment study was conducted in the project vicinity and the proponent envisaged to spend Rs. 7 crores as part of enterprise Corporate Environment Responsibility towards the socio-economic and community

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resources development of the surrounding communities. The list of activities is presented in chapter 8.

11.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT Water Quality The Project site is located in an island in the back waters of Vembanad lake. The data available was generated by KSPCB.

11.4.1 Surface water quality The surface water bodies located within 10 km. radius of the project are Vembanad lake. The secondary data available with KSPCB is compared with the analytical results of baseline data.

During the period of 2008 – Prior to the site development Vembanad lake – Vembanad Lake is the longest lake in India, and the largest lake in the state of Kerala. Spanning several districts in the state of Kerala, it is known as vembanadu Lake in KottayamPunnamada Lake in Kuttanad, Kochi Lake in Kochi. Several groups of small islands including Vypin, Mulavukad, Vallarpadam, Willingdon Island are located in the Kochi Lake portion. Kochi Port is built around the Willingdon Island, and the Vallarpadam island.

The Vembanadu lake has two stations viz: Pathiramanal (Mahamma Panchayath, Alappuzha) and Oil Tanker Jetty (Near offshore Road, Kochi)

Source: - Water & Air Quality Directory, 2008 by Kerala State Pollution Control Board.

Table 11.10 - Monitoring station details of the Pathiramanal (Mahamma Panchayath, Alappuzha) and Oil Tanker Jetty (Near offshore Road, Kochi). S. No. Station name Distance from the site 1. Pathiramanal (Mahamma Panchayath, Alappuzha) 1 km. (NW) 2. Oil Tanker Jetty (Near offshore Road, Kochi) 8 km (S)

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The analysis values of monitoring station details of the Pathiramanal (Mahamma Panchayath,Alappuzha) and Oil Tanker Jetty (Near offshore Road, Kochi)are given below :-

Table 11.11 Water Analysis values of Oil Tanker Jetty (Near offshore Road, Kochi) - During the period of 2008 Te pH Cond. DO BOD Nitrat Nitrit TC/ FC/ mp (mho (mg/l) (mg/ e N e N 100 ml 100 (0C) s/cm l) (mg/l (mg/l ml Max. 32 7.6 36900 6.7 3 0.2 0.1 4840 1550 Min. 29 7 1940 4.4 0.9 0 0 1230 200 Mean 30.3 7.2 15100 5.8 1.8 0.1 0 3027.5 795 Des: Limit 6.5-8.5 - 4 3 - - 5000 - Source :- Water & Air Quality Directory, 2008 published by Kerala State Pollution Control Board.

Water Analysis values of Pathiramanal– During the period of 2008 Te pH Cond. DO BOD Nitrat Nitrit TC/ FC/ mp (mho (mg/l) (mg/ e N e N 100 ml 100 (0C) s/cm l) (mg/l (mg/l ml Max. 28 7.4 115 6.8 0.8 0.3 0 100 30 Min. 28 7.4 115 6.8 0.8 0.3 0 100 30 Mean 28 7.4 115 6.8 0.8 0.3 0 100 30 Des: Limit 6.5-8.5 - 4 - - - - - Source :- Water & Air Quality Directory, 2008 published by Kerala State Pollution Control Board.

During the period of 2018 – Post development of the project The water samples are collected by an NABL accredited laboratory from the Pathiramanal (Mahamma Panchayath,Alappuzha) and Oil Tanker Jetty (Near offshore Road, Kochi).

The analyzed values of the backwater samples obtained from various locations in Vembanad lake are presented intable 11.12

Table 11.12 - Analyzed values of the Pathiramanal (Mahamma Panchayath,Alappuzha) and Oil Tanker Jetty (Near offshore Road, Kochi) Main project Main project S. No. Test parameters Units island low tied island High tied 1. Temperature 0C 33 31 2. pH … 6.97 7.03 3. Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 52740 69816 4. Biochemical Oxygen mg/l 400 4143 Demand (3 days at 270C) 5. Nitrate (as NO3) mg/l 2.5 3.8

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11.4.1.1 Inference of the surface water quality The DO values of the surface water surrounding the resort are acceptable and the ecological study also established that there is no major impact on flora and fauna of back waters. 11.4.2 Ground water quality During the period of 2008 – Before site development The monitoring station details of the ground water (open well water, shallow aquifer) located at about 8.45 km. from the project site

The analyzed values of the ground water (well water) is given in table 11.13

Table 11.13- Analyzed values of the well water at Vaikom (Kottayam) Tem pH Cond. DO BOD 4.2 Nitrit TC/ FC/ p (mhos/c (mg/ (mg/l e N 100 100 (0C) m l) ) (mg/l ml ml Max. 28 6 95 -- 0.9 9 -- 17 8 Min. 28 6 95 -- 0.9 9 -- 17 8 Mean 28 6 95 -- 0.9 9 -- 17 8 Des: Limit 6.5-8.5 6 2 50 Source:-Water & Air Quality Directory, 2008 published by Kerala State Pollution Control Board.

During the period of 2018 – Post site development the ground water characteristics were studied and the results are presented in table 11.14.

Table 11.14 - Analyzed values of the well water W1-Ground water (open well) Acceptable Limit As PARAMETERS & UNITS RESULTS – MARCH, 2018 per (IS 10500-2012 ) Colour (Hazen unit) 1 5.0 Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Turbidity (NTU) 1 1.00 (max.) pH 6.56 6.50 – 8.50 Total Dissolved solid (mg/l) 1055 500 max. Total Hardness (mg/l) 306 200 max. Calcium (as Ca) (mg/l) 65.3 75.0max. Magnesium as Mg (mg/l) 34.8 30.0 max. Chloride as Cl (mg/l) 535 250 max. Total Alkalinity (mg/l) 119 200 max. Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.24 1.00 max. Sulphate (mg/l) 17.5 200 max. Total Coliform bacteria Absent/ Present/100 ml (Absent/100 ml) 100 ml

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11.4.2.1 Inference of the well water quality Table 11.14 Comparison between 2008 & 2018 of the well water quality Ground water Ground water (open Acceptable PARAMETERS & UNITS (open well) well) RESULTS – Limit As per RESULTS – 2008 MARCH, 2018 (IS 10500-2012) Colour (Hazen unit) 1.00 1 5.0 Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Turbidity (NTU) 0.10 1 1.00 (max.) pH 5.89 6.56 6.50 – 8.50 Total Dissolved solid (mg/l) 76.0 1055 500 max. Total Hardness (mg/l) 22.0 306 200 max. Calcium (as Ca) (mg/l) 7.20 65.3 75.0max. Magnesium as Mg (mg/l) <1.00 34.8 30.0 max. Chloride as Cl (mg/l) 16.8 535 250 max. Total Alkalinity (mg/l) 3.94 119 200 max. Iron as Fe (mg/l) <0.10 0.24 1.00 max. Sulphate (mg/l) 10.4 17.5 200 max. Total Coliform bacteria Absent/ Absent/100 ml Present/100 ml (Absent/100 ml) 100 ml

Conclusion:-It may be noted that the ground water quality was not monitored at the same location , and the present location is at Panavelly village which has brackish water intrusion into ground water table. 11.4.2.2 Loss / damage to Ground water potential during construction phase.

Damages during Construction Phase The water requirement for the construction was drawn from Panavelly village and Perumbalam Island in the order of 30,000 KL (@1 KL per sq.m. of built-up area). This may have lead to reduction in the ground water levels, and hence the proponent proposed to construct 20 rain water harvesting pits in the mainland area. The project proponent has set apart an amount of Rs. 20 lakhs for the construction of 20 rain water harvesting structures in the main land of Panavally Panchayat for replenishment of ground water. This will be done in consultation with local panchayat.

Damages during Operation Phase Impacts on natural drainage pattern and ground water Increase in paved surfaces will reduce percolation of rain water into ground and increase surface runoff. Filling in low lying areas may cause flooding.

Impacts on existing ground water resources The water requirement of the project during operation will be drawn from stored rain water/public supply (Kerala water Authority), Hence there is no impact on ground water.

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Impacts due to wastewater generation The water used in the order of 196.17 KL/day would generate 56.49 KL/day of wastewater, which has to be treated for reuse for flushing the toilets, HVAC make up water requirement and on landscaping. Hence all the recycled water is utilized completely and is considered as a zero discharge.

Water Management . Storm water drainage system laid considering natural gradient of the site and central storage tank is provided to store the same and reuse for domestic purpose after pretreatment, thereby reducing the impact on competing users of domestic water in the surrounding communities. . Domestic wastewater is treated and reused 100% and no discharges are made outside the site, thus ensuring the integrity of the lake. . STP with a capacity of 300 KL in modules is proposed to ensure adequate treatment capacity. Experienced and qualified staff will be recruited for operating the same, and adequate funds are allocated for the same. . Treated wastewater quality is monitored on a daily basis. . The proponent will also be advised to achieve all 36 parameters and standards of treated sewage and monitor the same as per Environment (Protection) Rule, 1986.

11.5 LAND EVNRIONMENT The land use map of the site is as follows.

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Land use map of 2008

Fig. 11.3 Land use map of the Site (2008)

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Land use map of 2018

Fig. 11.4 Land use map of the Site (2018)

11.5.1 Land Use Area at the site (2008 & 2018) The comparative statement mentioned table 11.6 based on fig. 11.4 and 11.3 reflect that there is an increase in the built-up area in the surroundings, due to creeping urbanization of the area.

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Table 11.15 Land Use Area at KAPICO RESORT Land Use Type Land Use Area-2008 (ha) Land Use Area-2018 (ha) Built up 6.21 18.43 Agricultural Land 43.35 42.99 Water Body 747.57 747.95 Mixed Crop with Built Up 424.99 413.64 Mixed Vegetation 25.29 19.50 Road 0.59 0.59 Open Ground 7.51 12.42

11.6 Soil analysis results Disturbed Soil analysis results collected from the site The soil sample collected (analyzed by the NABL accredited laboratory) from the site (disturbed soil) and the soil analysis results are provided at table 11.16

Table 11.16 Soil analysis results (sample collected from the site) S. No. Parameters tested Unit Result 1 pH -- 7.08 2 Conductivity µS/cm 28 3. Water holding capacity % 62 4. Particle size Sand % 47.1 distribution Silty & Clay % 52.2 5. Organic matter % 0.29 6. Sodium % 0.16 7. Chlorides % 0.2 8. Sulphate % 0.18 9. Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen % 0.2 10. Available Potassium % 0.19 11. Total Phosphorous % 0.14

Conclusion There was no historical data available from the site surroundings, it may however be concluded that change in land use may have an impact on the soil by way of top soil disturbance. However, the proponent informed that they saved the top soil during construction and reused the same for greenery development on the resort.

11.7 NOISE ENVIRONMENT During the period of 2018 Total of 5 locations were selected for collecting the representative samples of ambient noise level. The locations of ambient noise monitoring stations are listed below table 11. 19

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Table 11.17 Noise Level Monitoring Stations Code Location N1 Within the project site N2 Between 0 to 5 km. (in south west direction) N3 Between 5 to 10 km. (in south west direction) N4 Between 0 to 5 km. (in north east direction) N5 Between 5 to 10 km. (in north east direction)

Table 11.18 Ambient noise monitoring analysis results 2nd week of March, 2018 LOCATION & RESULTS [dB (A)] Location-N1 Location-N2 Location-N3 Location-N4 Location-N4 Time Results Time Results Time Results Time Results Time Results 06.00 06.00 06.00 06.00 06.00 Hrs 35 Hrs 37.4 Hrs 38 Hrs 40.3 Hrs 38 07.00 07.00 07.00 07.00 07.00 Hrs 37.5 Hrs 40.1 Hrs 40.8 Hrs 43.2 Hrs 40.8 08.00 08.00 08.00 08.00 08.00 Hrs 41.5 Hrs 44.4 Hrs 45.1 Hrs 47.7 Hrs 45.1 09.00 09.00 09.00 09.00 09.00 Hrs 44.8 Hrs 47.9 Hrs 48.6 Hrs 51.5 Hrs 48.6 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 Hrs 46.9 Hrs 50.2 Hrs 51 Hrs 54 Hrs 51 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 Hrs 49.8 Hrs 53.3 Hrs 54.1 Hrs 57.3 Hrs 54.1 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 Hrs 47.3 Hrs 50.6 Hrs 51.4 Hrs 54.4 Hrs 51.4 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 Hrs 46.6 Hrs 49.8 Hrs 50.6 Hrs 53.5 Hrs 50.6 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 Hrs 46.9 Hrs 50.2 Hrs 51 Hrs 54 Hrs 51 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 Hrs 47.3 Hrs 50.6 Hrs 51.4 Hrs 54.4 Hrs 51.4 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 Hrs 48.4 Hrs 51.7 Hrs 52.5 Hrs 55.6 Hrs 52.5 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 Hrs 48.7 Hrs 52.1 Hrs 52.9 Hrs 56 Hrs 52.9 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 Hrs 43.7 Hrs 46.7 Hrs 47.4 Hrs 50.2 Hrs 47.4 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 19.00 Hrs 40.4 Hrs 43.2 Hrs 43.9 Hrs 46.5 Hrs 43.9 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 Hrs 36.8 Hrs 39.4 Hrs 40 Hrs 42.3 Hrs 40 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 Hrs 36.4 Hrs 38.9 Hrs 39.5 Hrs 41.8 Hrs 39.5 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 Hrs 33.9 Hrs 36.3 Hrs 36.8 Hrs 39 Hrs 36.8 23.00 23.00 23.00 23.00 23.00 Hrs 31.1 Hrs 31.7 Hrs 34.6 Hrs 32 Hrs 34.6 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 00.00 Hrs 33.4 Hrs 34 Hrs 37.1 Hrs 34.3 Hrs 37.1 01.00 01.00 01.00 01.00 01.00 Hrs 34 Hrs 34.7 Hrs 37.8 Hrs 35 Hrs 37.8 02.00 02.00 02.00 02.00 02.00 Hrs 33.7 Hrs 34.3 Hrs 37.5 Hrs 34.7 Hrs 37.5 03.00 03.00 03.00 03.00 03.00 Hrs 34.3 Hrs 35 Hrs 38.2 Hrs 35.3 Hrs 38.2 04.00 04.00 04.00 04.00 04.00 Hrs 33.4 Hrs 34 Hrs 37.1 Hrs 34.3 Hrs 37.1 05.00 35 05.00 35.6 05.00 38.9 05.00 36 05.00 38.9 11 - 43 Team Labs and Consultants Environmental Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment

2nd week of March, 2018 LOCATION & RESULTS [dB (A)] Location-N1 Location-N2 Location-N3 Location-N4 Location-N4 Hrs Hrs Hrs Hrs Hrs Leq 45.4 dB Leq 48.7 dB Leq 49.4 dB Leq 52.4 dB Leq 52.4 dB (Day) (A) (Day) (A) (Day) (A) (Day) (A) (Day) (A) Leq 33.9 dB Leq 34.5 dB Leq 37.4 dB Leq 34.8 dB Leq 34.8 dB (Night) (A) (Night) (A) (Night) (A) (Night) (A) (Night) (A)

11.7.1 Ambient Noise Level Results & Discussions The analyzed results of Noise monitoring are given in above table and it can be observed from the results that the noise values are below the prescribed limits for industrial, residential, rural & other area.

Noise & Vibration

Damages during Construction Phase High noise levels would have been generated during construction phase. Noise mainly must have resulted from the work of heavy machinery such as excavators, bull dozers, dumpers etc., construction equipment like compressors, compactors, concrete plant, cranes etc. as well as heavy vehicles transporting construction materials to the site and transport vehicles.

Damages during Construction Phase Excavation for foundation of the project must have resulted in the loss of top soil. Major impact on land environment due to proposed project during construction phase would be from the waste generated from construction materials and debris/ excavated material during excavation for building foundation.

The other construction waste generated would include debris, concrete, steel and other metals, bricks, pallets, packaging and paper products, railings, door and window casings, fixtures, tiles, furnishings etc. were disposed by the proponent to mainly recyclers/refusers.

Noise & Vibration Management During operation phase it is important to maintain the noise levels within the resort for the safety and better health of guests on site and residents of neighboring islands and main land areas. DG and HVAC are the major sources of noise and vibration, and it is proposed to provide acoustic enclosures to both.

PART-B NATURAL & COMMUNITY SERVICES AUGMENTATION PLAN(Terms of Reference: 15) 11.8 Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) 11.8.1 Introduction To identify the needs of the nearby community to the project site, a community need assessment study was carried out in Panavelly village area. The main purpose of the study was to assist the project proponent in delivering their Corporate Environment 11 - 44 Team Labs and Consultants Environmental Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kapico Kerala Resorts Private Limited Environmental Impact Assessment

Responsibility (CER) as per the guidelines of MoEF&CC vide O.M. F.No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dt. 01-05-2018.

11.8.2 Identified Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) Activities The Socio - Economic expert conducted need assessment study in Panavally Gram Panchayat and identified Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) for the project proponent. The identified CER activities are given below.

1. ASSISTANCE TO THE FISHER FOLK IN THE VICINITY A. To prevent soil erosion from lake side, the project proponent can support the local self-government to construct retaining walls by rubbles for protecting the property

Particulars Basis of Calculation Total (in Rs.) Type of Expense Retaining walls Lump sum 6,000,000 Non-recurring Maintenance Lump sum 1,000,000 Recurring

B. To enhance the educational status of the children in fisher folk community, the project can introduce scholarship and sponsorship programme in the grama Panchayat. This may include, higher education scholarships, distribution of laptop, study table, books, bag etc Basis of Particulars Total(in Rs.) Type of Expense Calculation Scholarship and sponsor ship Lump sum 1,500,000 Non-recurring Scholarship and sponsorship Lump sum 500,000 Recurring

C. A large number of people are depending fishing for their daily bread. The project proponent will support the fisher folk to repair of fishing nets / boats and fish landing center by providing financial support.

Particulars Basis of Calculation Total(in Rs.) Type of Expense Repair of fishing boat and Lump sum 2,500,000 Non-Recurring allied facility 500,000 Recurring

2. UP-GRADATION OF PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE (PHC) A. To get basic treatment facility in the Gram Panchayat, the project can support the local self-government to upgrade the existing PHC to 20 bed facility of Community Health Centre.

Particulars Basis of Calculation Total (in Rs.) Type of Expense Up gradation of PHC Lump sum 5,000,000 Non-Recurring Maintenance Lump sum 600,000 Recurring

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B. At present there is no facility for taking x ray and CT Scan facility in Gram Panchayat. In association with Gram Panchayt the Project proponent is intending to install such facility in PHC. This will help the local people to diagnose the disease. Particulars Basis of Calculation Total(in Rs.) Type of Expense X ray and CT Scan Lump sum 2,000,000 Non-Recurring Maintenance Lump sum 200,000 Recurring

C. In case of an emergency situation arises in the panchayat, there is no ambulance in the panchayat to reach the destination. The project proponent can provide an ambulance with all medical gadgets. The operation of ambulance will be assured in association with Gram Panchayat. Particulars Basis of Calculation Total (in Rs.) Type of Expense Ambulance Lump sum 1,000,000 Non-Recurring Maintenance Lump sum 100,000 Recurring

D. The project is indenting to construct a new waiting hall near to the PHC with air condition facility. Particulars Basis of Calculation Total (in Rs.) Type of Expense Waiting hall Lump sum 2,000,000 Non-Recurring Maintenance Lump sum 1,00,000 Recurring

3. HOUSING FOR THE POOR A. There are 350 poor people without a shelter / house in the panchayat. The project proponent will provide financial assistance to construct houses and make the panchayat 100% people with own house. This programme will be executed in association with Gram Panchayat. Amount Total Type of Particulars (in Rs.) (in Rs.) Expense Housing Rs. 4,00,000 x 86 houses 35,000,000 Non-Recurring Maintenance Lumpsum 1,000,000 Recurring

4. EDUCATION In the Gram Panchayat, 3 Government Schools and 5 Aided schools are working to educate children. Among them number of LP Schools are 2, and number of UP School and Higher Secondary Schools are 2 and 2 respectively. Anganwadies are also working to looking after the children under ICDS Scheme. To improve the training facilities the Project in association with Gram Panchayat will provide smart class rooms and Computer lab. Particulars Basis of Calculation Total (in Rs.) Type of Expense Smart class rooms Lump Sum 3,000,000 Non-Recurring Maintenance of schools Lump sum 600,000 Recurring and smart class rooms Computer lab Lump Sum 2,000,000 Non Recurring Maintenance Lump sum 400,000 Recurring

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5. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY & CRZ SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES

A. To enhance the ground water table, the project can introduce well recharge (ground water recharging by rain water harvesting) programme. The Construction of rain water harvesting tank on public buildings, construction of rain water harvesting ponds & recharge pits in the region may increase the water table. The same will be done in consultation & association with Gram Panchayat.

Particulars Basis of Calculation Total (in Rs.) Type of Expense Rain Water Harvesting Lump sum 6000,000 Non Recurring programme Maintenance of the Lump sum 1000000 Recurring structures

B. As part of shore protection, the project proponent can implement various programmes like, installation of bio gas plant, bio bins, solar panels and lights, coir mat to prevent soil erosion etc.

Particulars Amount (in Rs.) Total (in Rs.) Type of Expense Seashore protection Lump sum 3000000 Non-recurring Maintenance Lump sum 500000 Recurring

C. To enhance biodiversity in the region, the project proponent will plant various native plants and mangroves in the area. The measures will be taken in association with Gram Panchayat to protect the existing mangroves and Ecologicaly sensitive area.

Particulars Amount (in Rs.) Total (in Rs.) Type of Expense Plantation and protection of ESA Lump sum 1,000,000 Non-recurring Maintenance Lump sum 500,000 Recurring

SUMMARY S. No Areas of Intervention No. of Non-Recurring Recurring Intervention Expenses (in Expenses (in Rs. in crores) Rs. in crores) 01 Assistance to the fisher 03 1.0 0.20 folk in the vicinity 02 Up-gradation of primary 04 1.0 0.10 health centre (PHC) 03 Housing for the poor 01 3.5 0.10 04 Education 02 0.5 0.10 05 Environmental sustainability & CRZ 03 1.0 0.20 supporting activities Total 13 7.0 0.7

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Table 11.19 Overall Evaluation Matrix Natural resources and Environmental / Ecological damage assessment with Budgetary provision for remediation Natural Probable Impacts Damage Assessment Remediatio Budgetary Provision Rs. in lakhs Resource / Activity n / S.No. Measures adopted Environmental Parameters Positive Negative Major Moderate Minor Measures Expenditure Expenditure to be Parameters Taken Incurred Incurred Excavation   - -  Water Sprinkler Loose construction materials  - -   Plantation Air Vehicular emissions  -  -  Maintenance of DG set 3.99 1 -- Environment Storage of Materials  - -   Monitoring DG set emissions  - -   Enclosures Cutting of stones   -   Wind breaker Site Clearance   - -  Ecology & 2 Trees cutting   - -  Compensatory afforestation 5.3325 3 Biodiversity Loss of Flora and fauna   - -  Water withdrawal   - -  Monitoring Water Water quality   - -  STP / ETP 296.25 3 20 Environment Recharging and Waste water Generation   - -  channelization Land procurement   - -  Equipment Maintenance Site Clearance   - -  Manpower Trees Removal   - -  Plantation Land 4 Land use / Land cover   - -  Monitoring 2.3625 -- Environment Topography   - -  Conservation of soil Soil quality  -  -  Topography maintained Drainage Pattern  - -   Zero run-off outside Transportation  -  -  PPE Noise Traffic frequency   - -  Maintenance of DG set 0.99 5 -- Environment DG set  -  -  Monitoring Human Health   - -  Acoustic enclosure Loss of habitation -  - -  Health care Migration workers   - -  Equipment’s Socio- Health Impact   - - Medicines / Materials 6 Economic Infrastructural activity  - - - Awareness Program 20 -- Environment Employment  - - - Welfare activities Quality of Life  - - - Promotion of education Economic Status  - - - Environmental sustainability 328.925 23

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Table 11.20 Summary of cost incurred on Natural resources and Environmental / Ecological damage assessment with budgetary provision for remediation already incurred by PP

S. No. Aspects Amount (Rs.) 1. Air Environment 3.99 lakhs 2. Ecological Environment 5.3325 lakhs 3. Water Environment 296.25 lakhs 4. Land Environment 2.3625 lakhs 6. Noise Environment 0.99 lakhs 7. Socio-Economic Environment 20 lakhs TOTAL 328.925 lakhs

Table 11.21 Cost proposed on Remediation plan and Natural and Community Resources Augmentation plan.

S. No. Aspects Amount (Rs. in lakhs) 1. Ecological environment 3.0 2. Water environment 20.0 Total 23.0

CONCLUSION:- The amount of remediation plan is estimated to be Rs. 23.0 lakhs.

Table 11.22 - Summary of Corporate Environment Responsibility Activities with budgetary allocation

Non-Recurring Recurring No. of S. No Areas of Intervention Expenses (in Expenses (in Intervention Rs. in crores) Rs. in crores) Assistance to the fisher 01 03 1.0 0.20 folk in the vicinity Up-gradation of primary 02 04 1.0 0.10 health centre (PHC) 03 Housing for the poor 01 3.5 0.10 04 Education 02 0.5 0.10 Environmental 05 sustainability & CRZ 03 1.0 0.20 supporting activities Total 13 7.0 0.7

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