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Lagune Du Brusc” SITE NATURA 2000 FR 930 2001 “LAGUNE DU BRUSC” ETUDE DES BIOCENOSES MARINES DU SITE NATURA 2000 FR 9302001 "L AGUNE DU BRUSC " N° du marché : 78/MAP07 Commande : Communauté d’Agglomération Toulon Provence Méditerranée B.P. 536, 83 041 TOULON CEDEX 9. Tél. : 04 94 93 83 00. Fax. : 04 94 93 83 83. Réalisation : Institut Océanographique Paul Ricard Ile des Embiez, 83 140 SIX-FOURS-les-PLAGES. Tél. : 04 94 34 02 49. Fax. : 04 94 88 05 31. Responsable scientifique : Professeur Nardo VICENTE, responsable scientifique de l’Institut Océanographique Paul Ricard, Professeur Emérite de l’Université d’Aix- Marseille III, Membre de l’Académie des Sciences, Lettres et Arts de Marseille. Responsable de l’étude : Jean Luc BONNEFONT, Chef des travaux Ce document doit être cité comme suit : ROUANET E., LELONG P., LECALARD C., REBILLARD D., MAUFFRAY M., RAUBY T., AUBLANC P., BONNEFONT J-L. et MARTIN Y. 2008. Etude des biocénoses marines du site Natura 2000 FR 9302001 "Lagune du Brusc". Contrat Communauté d’Agglomération Toulon Provence Méditerranée – Institut Océanographique Paul Ricard : 169 p. Etude des biocénoses marines du site Natura 2000 FR 9302001 "Lagune du Brusc" AVANT PROPOS Ce travail a pour objectifs de réaliser les études sur les écosystèmes du périmètre marin du site Natura 2000 FR 9302001 “Lagune du Brusc”. Ces objectifs se distinguent en trois grandes parties : Rédaction d’une analyse bibliographique de la littérature relative au site Natura 2000 FR 9302001 “Lagune du Brusc” Réalisation de cartographies générales des habitats et déclinaisons d'habitats présents sur le site - herbiers à posidonie (1120* - habitat prioritaire) - lagunes méditerranéennes (1150-2* - habitat prioritaire) - sables grossiers et fins graviers sous influence de courant de fond (1110-7) - sables grossiers et fins graviers brassés par les vagues (1110-8) - galets infralittoraux (1110-9) - sédiments détritiques médiolittoraux (1140-10) - sables vaseux de mode calme (1160-3) - roche médiolittorale inférieure (1170-12) - roche infralittorale à algues photophiles (1170-13) - coralligène (1170-14) - biocénoses des grottes semi-obscures (8330-3) Réalisation d’analyses écologiques de plusieurs biocénoses - limite inférieure de l’herbier à posidonie (type de limite, morphologie générale de l'herbier, présence éventuelle de structures érosives ou de ripple-marks, type de substrat, mesure de la densité de l'herbier 1) - encorbellements à Lithophyllum et forêts de cystoseires (classe d'abondance, forme et épaisseur des encorbellements) - coralligène (description générale, études de la faune dressées et de la faune et flore non dressées) - peuplements de la lagune (mesures du taux de recouvrement des différents peuplements) - grottes semi-obscures (description et détermination des différents faciès) Recommandations et propositions de mesures de protection et de gestion Réalisation de fiches descriptives des habitats et espèces d'intérêt communautaire 1 Nous avons également effectué des mesures du taux de recouvrement de l'herbier, mesures qui n'étaient pas stipulées dans le dossier de consultation. 1 78/MAP07 – IOPR, 2008 Etude des biocénoses marines du site Natura 2000 FR 9302001 "Lagune du Brusc" SOMMAIRE Liste des tableaux ......................................................................................................................5 Liste des figures .........................................................................................................................6 A. INTRODUCTION GENERALE ..............................................................................................9 A.1. QU’EST CE QUE LE RESEAU NATURA 2000 ?....................................................................9 A.2. NATURA 2000 EN FRANCE ...............................................................................................10 A.3. DESIGNATION DU SITE FR 9302001 “L AGUNE DU BRUSC ”...........................................10 B. CARACTERISTIQUES GENERALES ...............................................................................12 B.1. PRESENTATION DE LA ZONE D ’ETUDE ..............................................................................12 B.1.1. Localisation de la zone d’étude ........................................................................12 B.1.2. Le relief ....................................................................................................................14 B.1.3. Le climat ..................................................................................................................14 B.1.4. Le réseau hydrographique .................................................................................17 B.1.5. Le développement urbain et l’aménagement du littoral ............................17 B.2. CONTEXTE METEOROLOGIQUE ET OCEANOGRAPHIQUE ..................................................17 B.2.1. L’hydrologie ...........................................................................................................18 B.2.2. Les houles ..............................................................................................................19 B.2.3. Les courants ..........................................................................................................19 B.2.4. La qualité des eaux ..............................................................................................24 B.2.5. Les espèces invasives ........................................................................................25 B.3. BATHYMETRIE ET TOPOGRAPHIE SOUS MARINE ...............................................................25 C. CARACTERISATION ET DESCRIPTION BIOLOGIQUE ..............................................28 C.1. CARACTERISATION DES HABITATS NATURELS .................................................................28 C.1.1. Herbiers à Posidonie (1120* - habitat prioritaire) .........................................28 C.1.2. Lagunes méditerranéennes (1150-2* - habitat prioritaire) .........................33 C.1.3. Sédiments détritiques médiolittoraux (1140-10) ..........................................37 C.1.4. Sables vaseux de mode calme (1160-3) .........................................................38 C.1.5. La roche médiolittorale inférieure (1170-12) .................................................38 C.1.6. La roche infralittorale à algues photophiles (1170-13) ...............................41 C.1.7. Le coralligène (1170-14) ......................................................................................42 C.1.8. Grottes semi-obscures (8330-3) .......................................................................46 C.2. CARACTERISATION DES ESPECES NATURELLES ..............................................................47 C.2.1. Les habitats d'espèces de l'annexe 2 de la directive Habitats .................47 C.2.2. Les habitats d'espèces de l'annexe 4 de la directive Habitats .................49 C.2.3. Les habitats d'espèces de l'annexe 5 de la directive Habitats .................52 2 78/MAP07 – IOPR, 2008 Etude des biocénoses marines du site Natura 2000 FR 9302001 "Lagune du Brusc" D. METHODOLOGIE D'ETUDE .............................................................................................55 D.1. CARTOGRAPHIE DES HABITATS ........................................................................................55 D.2. ANALYSES ECOLOGIQUES DES HABITATS ........................................................................60 D.2.1. Herbiers à posidonie (1120*) .............................................................................60 D.2.2. Lagunes méditerranéennes (1150-2*) .............................................................68 D.2.3. Sédiments détritiques médiolittoraux (1140-10) ..........................................68 D.2.4. Roche médiolittorale inférieure (1170-12) et roche infralittorale à algues photophiles (1170-13) ......................................................................................................69 D.2.5. Coralligène (1170-14) ...........................................................................................70 D.2.6. Grottes semi-obscures (8330-3) .......................................................................75 D.2.7. Traitements statistiques des données ............................................................76 D.3. SYNTHESE DES ANALYSES ECOLOGIQUES .......................................................................77 E. Analyse écologique des habitats d'intérêt communautaire ....................................78 E.1. TYPOLOGIE DU LINEAIRE COTIER ......................................................................................78 E.2. HERBIER A POSIDONIE (1120*) ........................................................................................78 E.2.1. Analyse cartographique de l'herbier à posidonie ........................................78 E.2.2. Analyse écologique de l'herbier à posidonie ................................................78 E.3. LAGUNES MEDITERRANEENNES (1150-2*) ......................................................................86 E.3.1. Analyse cartographique de la lagune ..............................................................86 E.3.2. Analyse écologique de la lagune ......................................................................86 E.4. SEDIMENTS DETRITIQUES MEDIOLITTORAUX (1140-10) ..................................................89 E.5. ROCHE MEDIOLITTORALE INFERIEURE (1170-12) ET ROCHE INFRALITTORALE A ALGUES PHOTOPHILES (1170-13) ..........................................................................................................89
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