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LEAGUE of NATIONS. Communicated to the Council And LEAGUE OF NATIONS. Communicated to the Council C.142.M.91.1939.VII. and Members of the League. Geneva, May 13th,1939. CONVENTION OF 1921 FOR THE NON-FORTIFICATION AND NEUTRALISATION OF THE AALAND ISLANDS: MEASURES PROPOSED BY THE FINNISH AND SWEDISH GOVERNMENTS. Communications addressed to the Secretary-General by the Finnish and Swedish Governments on May 10th,1939. (Translation) Helsinki, May 10th, 1939. To the Secretary-General. In a telegram dated this day, I had the honour to request you to be good enough to place the following ques­ tion on the provisional agenda of the next ordinary session of the Council: 1921 Convention relating to the non-fortifica­ tion and neutralisation of the Aaland Islands; measures pro­ posed by the Finnish and Swedish Governments. Following on this communication, I have the honour to transmit to you herewith the texts of the notes which, in agreement with the Swedish Government, the Finnish Government has exchanged with the other Governments signatories of the Convention and the note which, likewise in agreement with the Swedish Government, it has sent to the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. I should be grateful if you would communicate these notes to the Members of the Council and would inform them that the Finnish Government, in agree­ ment with the Swedish Government, requests the Council's assent to the measures referred to therein, in so far as they come within its competence. I have the honour, etc. Eljas ERKKO. Stockholm; May 10th, 1939* To the Secretory-General. In a telegram dated this day, I had the honour to request you to be good enough to place the following question on the provisional agenda of the next ordinary session of the Council: 1921 Convention relating to the non-fortification and neutralisation of the Aaland Islands; measures proposed by the Finnish and Swedish Governments. - 2 - Following on this communication, I have the honour to transmit to you herewith the texts of the notes which, in agreement with the Finnish Government, the Swedish Government has exchanged with the other Governments signatories of the Convention and the note which, likewise in agreement with the Finnish Government, it has sent to the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. I should be grateful if you would communicate these notes to the members of the Council and would inform them that the Swedish Government, in agree­ ment with the Finnish Government, requests the Council's assent to the measures referred to therein, in so far as they come within its competence. I have the honour etc. Rickard SANDLER. NOTE SENT IN JANUARY 1939 BY THE FINNISH GOVERNMENT, IN AGREEMENT WITH THE SWEDISH GOVERNMENT,TO THE OTHER GOVERNMENTS SIGNATORIES OF THE 1921 CONVENTION.* On the instructions of my Government, I have the honour to convey the following to the ........ Government. At the request of the Finnish Government, which is primarily responsible for the security of the Aaland Islands, the Finnish and Swedish Governments have jointly examined the problems relating to the security of the neutralised terri­ tory. They have reached a preliminary agreement providing for the following settlement. The 1921 Convention was concluded in order that these islands might never become a cause of danger from the military point of view. The signatory Powers desired to ensure the non-fortification and the neutrality of the islands by a guarantee system laid down in the Convention. The weakening of the security system of the League of Nations and the political and military difficulties which at present stand in the way of the application of the guarantee system provided in the 1921 Convention, have led the two Governments on the one hand to recommend a permanent alteration of the territorial area to which the demilitarisation provisions apply in so far as they affect the freedom of action of Finland and, on the other hand, to propose, in application of Article 7*-I of the Convention, that the said regime of demilitarisation should be temporarily relaxed in certain respects. * An identical Note was sent by the Swedish Government to the other Governments signatories of the Convention. - 3 - The adoption of the proposed solution would in no way affect the other parts of the Convention including the prohibition of fortification, dating from 1856,which is re­ ferred to in Article 1, and would leave intact the neutrality of the Aaland Islands and their spec 18.1 international status. The proposed settlement entails the following: The international demilitarisation provisions re­ lating to the Aaland Islands will not in future preclude military defence measures of any kind which Finland may wish to take south of a line running from the southern extremity of Lemland (lat. 59°58'.1 N and long. 20°10'.9 E. of Greenwich) due west and east to the present linas of delimitation. As regards the part of the zone situated south of that line, Finland will thus be released from aoy restriction upon her freedom of action and decision provided for by the Convention. In all respects other than those indicated above, the system of protection set up by the 1921 Convention, and particularly by the provisions of Articles 4, 6 and 7, with a view to the maintenance of the neutrality of the Aaland Islands, will continue to be applicable to the part of the zone indicated above. In virtue of Article 7:1# Finland will be authorised, for a period of ten years as f r o m ............ 1939* (a) in the zone situated north of the new line of demar­ cation, to give military training to the inhabitants of the Aaland Islands in order to ensure the security of the Islands, and to station there, in addition to the Aaland effectives, military effectives whose language is Swedish, coming from other parts of Finland. (b) to instal there mobile coast and anti-aircraft artillery material; (c) to instal there such other material as may be re­ quired for the training, mobilisation and maintenance of the troops stationed in the Islands; (d) to store mines there; (e) to cause to land or alight on the sea there Finnish military aircraft intended to be used by the anti-aircraft units for target practice; (f) to allow Finnish or Swedish warships to remain there temporarily for naval exercises. It will be for the Finnish and Swedish Governments to fix by joint agreement the maximum figures for the effectives and material referred to above and the scope of the naval exercises referred to under (f). - 4 - The two Governments take this occasion to state that, according to their interpretation of the Convention, spontan­ eous military intervention on the part of a belligerent Power for the protection of the Aaland Islands could in no case be regarded as an application of the guarantee system provided for in the Convention. In the event of an imminent danger of war affecting the Baltic Sett, end pending the application, if required, of the guarantee system provided for in Article 7 of the Conven­ tion, Sweden reserves the right, as the nearest guarantor Power and in view of her own vital interests, to accord her assistance, at the request of Finland, in applying such de­ fensive measures laid down in Article 6 and Article 7 as may be considered expedient to safeguard the neutrality of the Aaland Islands. In the foregoing circumstances, any offer of intervention made by a belligerent Power with a view to the protection of the Islands will be declined by the two Powers mentioned above. The two Governments propose to request in due course the assent of the Council of the League of Nations to the foregoing measures, in so far as they lie within its competence. The two Governments request the (United Kingdom, Danish, Estonian, French, Italian, Latvian, Polish, German) Government to be good enough to state whether, as a signatory of the 1921 Convention, it approves for its part the fore­ going measures preliminarily agreed upon between Finland and Sweden. I have the honour, etc. REPLIES OF THE POWERS SIGNATORIES OF THE 1921 CONVENTION* 1. GERMANY. (Translation from the The German Minister for Foreign Affairs German) to the Finnish Minister at Berlin. Berlin, May 2nd, 1939- Sir, By Note dated January 21st, 1939> you informed me, on behalf of your Government, of the proposals drawn up jointly by the Finnish and Swedish Governments for the al­ teration of the Aaland Islands Convention of 1921, and re­ quested the German Government to give its assent to those pro­ posals. The reasons for the proposed new regulations were stated to be the weakening of the security system of the League of Nations, and the political and military difficulties which at present stand in the way of the application of the guarantee system provided in the 1921 Convention. * Identical replies were sent to the Swedish Government by the Powers signatories of the Convention. - 5 - I have the honour to reply to your Note as follows: The German Government attaches decisve importance to the maintenance and effective safeguarding of the neu­ trality of the Aaland Islands. It accordingly agrees that military defence measures be taken in the Islands with the exclusive object of safeguarding such neutrality, and assents to the proposals submitted by the Finnish and Royal Swedish Governments. In so doing it assumes as a matter of course that, in the event of hostile developments affecting the Baltic Sea area, Finland and Sweden will observe strict neu­ trality. At the same time the German Government regards it as inconsistent that, while the Finnish Legation's Note adduces as a reason for the proposed alterations in the Con­ vention the weakening of the security system of the League of Nations, it nevertheless proposes the retention of the functions assigned to the Council of the League of Nations by the Convention.
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