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Filaments Arise from Any Part of the Pistillum, Or from a Pedicle (Column) Elevating the Pistillum, the Plant Is Then of Class XIX

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Filaments Arise from Any Part of the Pistillum, Or from a Pedicle (Column) Elevating the Pistillum, the Plant Is Then of Class XIX ' To.MKI.\S jrr. COOPER />'"//'• - ip 11 irr j o f-iif TUDK; TOT ' J S/ />'f /1 fs /// //• ////r/ /ssff.t/ ///-/ft _ 'ff/'f/<- ( //sr'sf/// sf // ts. u) //"/,,• ,>/•/;•,/// / Srf////,-/• /r //,• - /////// ,////,/•/ ^ / _ /;„/., _ /„// y '-'/'#? Tomknis Script ) / "Vincent Scnlp ' ) . f*',, Jm mmm mwmk . .. • ( HOLUSl Om^tTSjtoGOTOlFTHE POLMlST OlJlRSTPHXSICIANTO IHEK[NG,FROJFESSOMl517BOTANY W THE UNIVERSITY lTHJ]PSAlL,&Gfec. trow we ( /'Hiiii111' J'rr'i/rr in the Iulsefsion of Ai//mir J>'>>//r/:rj>,////,/, r! Esq'. ii /re /'/; .</>/,-/// 01 the / mruKizn. Society. Irndon FiJ-U;hui.bnWIhcrnton .1'.:,,,.,;,,,,:. //. ,'"<Vi er scuif /•• •••• * [LMIOLTIJSLIMR^IJS,I^I©HTOFTHE POLARST^IUPIRSTPBIISICIAFTO raEE3NO,FKorEssox&pFBOTANY IN THEUirivERsiCTArSSAiici From tbcOriginal Piclurein the PofscJsion of Aylmer B ourkt LambwlEsq'Vic&F'ri sidenl oflbbZinruzan Society. I ondoruPxxblirhed.,by 7)TThornton May 1.1606. ^1 NEW ILLUSTRATION OF THE SEXUAL SYSTEM OF aroints Von timatttp: COMPREHENDING AN ELUCIDATION OF THE SEVERAL PARTS OF THE FRUCTIFICATION *A PRIZE JBISSERT*AT1QJV OJV THE SEXES OF JPJL*!NTS$ A FULL EXPLANATION OF THE CLASSES, AND ORDERS, OF THE SEXUAL SYSTEM; AND THE Cemple of jflora, or <§artim of Mature, BEING PICTURESQUE, BOTANICAL, COLOURED PLATES, OF SELECT PLANTS, ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE SAME, WITH DESCRIPTIONS. • SHALL BRITONS, IN THE FIELD UNCONQUER'D STILL, THE BETTER LAUREL LOSE ?- IN FINER ARTS AND PUBLIC WORKS SHALL THEY TO GALLIA YIELD THOMSON. BY ROBERT JOHN THORNTON,J M.D. • • • WT-fifWWSSHfff"*^1 MEMBER OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE;... .ONE OF THE COUNCIL OF THE LONDON MEDICAL SOCIETY; HONORARY MEMBER OF THE MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL SOCIETIES OF GUY'S HOSPITAL, OF BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL, AND OF THE LYCEUM MEDICUM LONDINENSE ;....MEMBER OF SEVERAL LEARNED ACADEMIES AND SOCIETIES ABROAD ;... .LECTURER ON MEDICAL BOTANY TO THE UNITED HOSPITALS OF GUY AND ST. THOMAS ;... .LATE PHYSICIAN TO THE ST. MARY- LE-BONNE GENERAL DISPENSARY; AUTHOR OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF BOTANY; THE PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICINE; AND OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF POLITICS, &c. Mn Rntrnfinnhn, 1897. LONDON: PRINTED, FOR THE PUBLISHER, BY T. BENSLEY, BOLT COURT, FLEET STREET. 1807. ''7 yy • Or 'U(fy, : "7 7. M<^x4^v77 ,•*• Mr .-• I hi it'--l ffil llfl/l I . :;;-^i|| I 'jlii ^^iiiiiim '/////,u / // ///, 7: '>//////'7, vS W\v>,\\ v >\W\ . ,\\ , ^ 7MW:V\V.\\ • ' ill M '777y777i7^^7 UP iiiilii> ss//'/y.'%7/////' fliii?•//'777//77 7/--7y/?/^//////7t 7y//7/7/ 7/ :."i'!'•//; ILA.pinxad vu - 7//7yy' ' 0 R T R \ I 1 !i E ,\ J R ,s '!/• artalozxi Ji.A. cmuu'.et saify. '/W/r, 7///.*' cV //V / //y .//A </ R// /. //<?<?, /'i MM V ,;/,, ; ./.••• ."(<'/• Jmioj'e TOMKINSjc DEDICATION. MADAM! IN Eastern Language high and mighty Potentates are compared to lofty Trees which afford Food and Shade to the sun-burnt Traveller. In the more temperate Regions of the Earth, Kings and Princes are contemplated as the Sun, which sheds his benign Radiance everywhere, inspiring each Object with new Life and Refreshment: by the Concurrence, therefore, of all Nations, the great Attribute of Sovereignty is Protection; from conferring of which by Your Most Gracious MAJESTY, the Science of Botany in Great Britain chiefly owes its present Advancement; and this NEW ILLUSTRATION of the SEXUAL SYSTEM of the great LINN^US, its Foundation; which in Point of Magnificence is intended to exceed all other Works of a similar Nature on the Continent, and to be not only a National Honour, but an Eternal Memorial of that Patronage which is granted to Botany by Your Most Gracious Majesty. From the unbounded Protection, so liberally bestowed by an august KING, and the best of QUEENS, all the ufeful and ornamental Sciences, with the pleasing Arts of Painting, and Engraving, have reached their pre-eminence; nor have the English Nation less reason now to be proud also of their superiority in Type and Paper. Whilst the honourable Exertions of a great Nation have been lately concentrated to embellish and illustrate the Fancy of Poets, or Sacred and Historic Truth; the Science of Botany, advanced as it is by Linnaeus, and subsequent authors, and by the glowing imaginations of modern Poets, who have improved on Ovidian Metamorphosis, seemed, likewise, to have a claim to enlist the fine Arts into her service. In the humble hope, that this Work, which in its progress has received the smile of the munificent ALEXANDER, Emperor of Russia, will not be found altogether unworthy of your Majesty's countenance, and deeply impressed with the highest consideration of that Honour graciously conferred upon me by your Majesty's most generous Patronage^ I have the Honour to subscribe myself, MADAM! With the highest Gratitude, and profoundest Veneration, Your Majesty's most obliged, devoted, And dutiful Subject, ROBERT JOHN THORNTON. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. Jr LOWERS, although apparently so diversified, consist but oifive PARTS : 1. 1 he rl STILLU M, in the Centre, 1 Roth projecting bodies, being extensions according to Linnaeus, the first of the ith and the other of th II. The STAMEN, exterior to this/ J v > e wood. The PISTILLUM is discriminated by a swollen base, which is the seed-vessel, or GERMEN, which being opened discloses the seeds. The STAMEN is discriminated by having a part which forms the pollen, or coloured farina, called an ANTHER by botanists. A perfect PISTILLUM is composed of three Parts' 1. The STIGMA, at top, rarely absent, though sometimes obscure/ 2. The STYLE, elevating the Stigma, not absolutely essential/ 3. The GERMEN, or seed-vessel, always present/ A perfect STAMEN is composed of two Parts'. 1. The ANTHER, at top, containing the fertilizing pollen, always present. 2. The FILAMENT, elevating the anther, not so essential, being absent in some flowers.^ For the protection and nourishment of the SEXUAL ORGANS of vegetables, (viz. the Pistilla and Stamina) Nature has furnished two other Parts. 111. 1 he L/OROLLA, interior, | Both expanded bodies, being expansions, according to Linneeus, tne rst e r YY The CALYX exterior/ f fi °f th ^ ^, and the latter of the rmd!. These are discriminated not only by their respective situations, but by the greater delicacy of the COROLLA compared with the CALYX, which last is usually green. These parts are not absolutely essential, some Flowers being destitute of one/ or both of them. As an appendage to the Corolla/ there is found in some plants, V. The NECTARIUM, for the secreting, and containing of honey. VEGETABLE INPREGNATION is thus performed. The farina secreted by the anthers of flowers, passes on the stigma of the pistillum, and is there absorbed, and carried to the seeds, which it renders fertile, as is confirmed by numerous observations and experiments. a The PISTILLUM is very conspicuous in the White Lily, and in the Night-blowing Cereus, as also in the American Aloe. 1 The six STAMINA are seen extremely well in the White Lily and Aloe, as are also the Jive stamina in the Blue Passion-flower. c The White Lily furnishes an example of a perfect PISTILLUM, as also the Night-blowing Cereus. d As in the MEADIA. It is extremely distinct in the Tulip, Lily, and Passion-flower. e Vide the plate of Tulips, where you will find a PISTILLUM in the centre without the STYLE, also the Poppy, whose STIGMA is like a Parapluis. The STYLE is very conspicuous in the Lily, Cereus, and Passion-flower. f For THIS PART vide the Aloe, Cereus, Lily, and Passion-flower. g Vide the plate of the Canna. The FILAMENT is very observable in the Lily, Aloe, Cereus, &c. as well as the ANTHER, with its POLLEN- h These Two PARTS are finely displayed in the Blue Passion-flower, the CALYX of that climbing plant having a hook at the extremity of the back of the five leaves, constituting the CALYX.—Vide also the Meadia, Cereus, &c. * The lilaceous tribe have no Calyx: see the Superb Lily; vide also the Begonia. k The radiance, or glory, of the Blue Passion-flower is a fine example of the NECTARIUM ; vide also the cup of the Renealmia and Limodorum. ( \ ANALYSIS V J / / • / CALYX. •). (/>//<//</ //•!/'// . ('onlifju/ius fa /br 2. C-C•/>//,'(/ >'•/'>//. Flower, wot- opening I \Lon/7t h 'dim r//v\ Ttefrwte from the . / General- Flower. Kind of ( Y//\:\, Opening XLonr/itudi.naUy. CALYXES L;< d Husk of Grq/ses. 1 Scale of In Ameni'. Peculiar to ( erazin Tribes of Flowers, Hood of Mofses. Membrane of Mushrooms. London,eublMni by DrT>ii nton •; VI* ILJh* • THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF CALYX. J. HE term CALYX, like our words, horse, bird, dog, habitation, is a generic word, including several distinct kinds, thus: I. PERIANTH {Perianthium), is the outer expanded covering of a flower,...the most common kind of Calyx,...usually green,...sometimes coloured,...contiguous to the corolla,...pro- tecting the organs for reproduction in their infant-state,...sometimes caducous,...often abiding with the fruit,...and sometimes even serving the office of pericarp,...usually single, ...occasionally double,...not unfrequently very obscure,...or wholly deficient. II. INVOLUCRE {Involucrum), is a calyx remote from the flower,...most commonly stationed at the foot of a general, or partial, umbel. III. SPATHE {Spatha), a species of calyx, which first involves the infant-flowers like a sheath, and then opens longitudinally. IV. GLUME (Gluma), the outer valves, or husk of corn, or grass, enclosing one, or more, florets. V. AMENT {Amentum), small chaffy scales, protecting the florets placed on a thread-like common receptacle. VI. CALYPTRA {Calyptra), the covering of a moss, placed over it, like a cap or bonnet. VII. VOLVE (Volvo), a membrane, which involves the fungus in its infant-state, and which afterwards appears in a lacerated form on the foot-stalk. Botanical Terms* applicable to the Calyx. PECULIAR {Proprius), belonging to a single flower....COMMON {Communis), common to several flowers....BENEATH (Inferui), placed beneath the Germen....ABOVE (Superus), above the Germen....MONOPHYLLOUS (Monophyllus), consisting of one leaf....DiPHYLLous (Z)z- phyllus), of two leaves....TRIPHYLLOUS {Triphylhis), of three leaves....TETRAPPIYLLOUS {Tetra- phyllus), of four leaves, and so on to POLYPHYLLOUS {Polyphyllus), composed of many leaves.
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