Passive Participation: the Selling of Spectacle and the Construction of Maple Leaf Gardens, 1931
Sport History Review, 2002, 33, 35-50 PASSIVE PARTICIPATION 35 © 2002 Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc. Passive Participation: The Selling of Spectacle and the Construction of Maple Leaf Gardens, 1931 Russell Field In 1927, Conn Smythe, a Toronto businessman and hockey enthusi- ast, organized a group to purchase Toronto’s entry in the National Hockey League (NHL). Operating out of the fifteen-year-old Arena Gardens, the St. Patricks (who Smythe renamed Maple Leafs) had for years been only moderately successful both on the ice and at the cashbox. Compounding Smythe’s local and competitive circumstances was the changing nature of the NHL in the mid 1920s. Beginning in 1924, the Canadian-based NHL clubs reaped the short-term benefits of expansion fees paid by the new American teams, but the latter’s greater capital resources and newer, larger playing facilities soon shifted the economic balance of power within the “cartel” south of the border.1 As Thompson and Seager note of this period: “Canadian hockey was revolutionized by American money.”2· Despite the Maple Leafs’ bleak economic circumstances, Smythe had big dreams for himself and his hockey team. In attempting to realize his vision, he built Canada’s best-known sports facility, Maple Leaf Gardens, managed the Maple Leafs into one of the NHL’s wealthiest clubs, and assumed majority ownership of the team. The economic and cultural impact of the major NHL-inspired arena projects of the 1920s and early 1930s—the Montreal Forum, New York’s Madison Square Garden, Boston Garden, Chicago Stadium, the Detroit Olympia, as well as Maple Leaf Gardens—has received little attention among scholarly contributions to the study of sport.3 However, there has been greater interest in the politics of arena and stadium construction, and work by scholars such as John Bale and Karl Raitz has helped to define and explore the notion of arenas and stadiums as sport spaces.4 Adding a fur- ther temporal context to these issues then, allows changes over time to be meaningfully explored.
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