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An Initiative for US-ROK Cooperation for Peace in the Korean Peninsula and East Asia: Policy Suggestions for the Obama Administration

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An Initiative for US-ROK Cooperation for Peace in the Korean Peninsula and East Asia: Policy Suggestions for the Obama Administration Volume 6 | Issue 12 | Article ID 2993 | Dec 01, 2008 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus An Initiative for US-ROK Cooperation for Peace in the Korean Peninsula and East Asia: Policy Suggestions for the Obama Administration The Peace Foundation An Initiative for US-ROK Cooperation for The Obama foreign policy stance remains to be Peace in the Korean Peninsula and East clarified, but the incoming president has made Asia: Policy Suggestions for the Obama clear his readiness to talk to anyone and has Administration relied to a large extent on members or associates of the former Clinton administration, The Peace Foundation which by 2000 had reached the brink or normalization with North Korea. Can we expect Seoul, Republic of Korea a return to 2000, when Clinton seemed about to pack his bags for Pyongyang, or to 2001, when December 2008 Bush denounced North Korea in unforgettable terms? Introduction Here, an influential group of South Korean North Korea, declared a member of the “Axis of citizens, academics, former officials, and Evil” by George W. Bush, responded by religious leaders, following a detailed becoming a nuclear power. By the end of the discussion of earlier North-South-US-UN-China Bush administration, however, it had completed negotiations, sets forth an ambitious agenda Phase Two of the Beijing Six-Party agreement not just for peninsular denuclearization but for on denuclearization and normalization and in “peace and cooperation in Northeast Asia.” In October 2008 was deleted from the list of this approach, the expanded importance of terror-supporting states. North-South negotiations is emphasized, while After the vacillations and policy reverses that the role of the United States and China are occurred under Bush, much remains on the fully recognized. plate for the incoming Obama administration. The immediate outlook is clouded. The South- North train no longer runs, the cooperative schemes at Gaesong and Gumgang have been wound back to such an extent that they barely function, the Six Party process is stalled over the US demand for verification procedures and the US has suspended energy aid until North Korea accepts its “sampling” procedure. Rumbles of discontent from Pyongyang suggest it might be considering backing out of the process, even at this stage and at the inevitable cost. 1 6 | 12 | 0 APJ | JF Former President Park Chung-hee tells President Lee Myung-bak, busily kicking at the Korean The Foundation at work Teachers and Education Workers Union (KTU), the cable The Korean Peace Foundation’s home page is broadcaster YTN and the National here: Human Rights Commission of What follows is a slightly edited and reduced Korea, to “be gentle and take your version of the document, which may be time” in gaining control over consulted in full here: organizations like these that are quickly losing their independence The policy suggestions contained here in because Park took his time... slightly abbreviated form are bold and eighteen years to be exact. comprehensive. In certain respects they are (Hankyoreh Geurimpan, 13 also surprising. Firstly, they refer scarcely at December 2008) all to the very considerable political problems confronting South Korea itself. Yet, the Lee How will South Korea’s civil society Myung-bak administration is closer in spirit to representatives associated with the following the harsh early George W. Bush than the agenda paper address their own considerable conciliatory former one and its domestic political problems standing in the way of policies show some signs of reversion to the reconciliation and resolution of peninsular and repressive ways of the Park Chung-hee regional problems? Secondly, the paper government of 30 years ago – as the Hankyoreh scarcely refers at all to Japan, which also cartoonist wryly noted – currently is under an administration that is reluctant to engage North Korea on any issue except the abductions, but whose positive involvement is crucial to any project for Northeast Asian peace and cooperation. Thirdly, while the agenda depicted here of a “special” US-South Korea relationship is 2 6 | 12 | 0 APJ | JF certainly in many ways attractive, it remains to division in the global community rather than be seen whether the Obama team will be able uniting the world. The unilateral policy has to adopt such a view of closeness and alliance, serious implications for the international or whether it will instead prefer to follow community. established custom and see South Korea as secondary to Japan. It would require a First, the Bush administration refused to honor considerable leap of creativity for it to think of certain agreements made with other states. the alliance with South Korea in terms of the The administration unequivocally denied the closeness and sense of equality assumed here. agreements made with the DPRK by the Clinton Finally, will full-scale commitment to a US-led administration. The Bush administration war on terrorism, as proposed here, be ignored policy advice contained in the "Perry compatible with the peaceful goals for Report" which was prepared by Dr. William Northeast Asia promoted by the Peace Perry, the North Korean Policy Coordinator Foundation? (GMcC and MS) appointed by the US Congress in consultations with relevant countries, and refused to Foreword implement the US DPRK Joint Communique which was the result of the high level officials With a sense of urgency, the Peace Foundation meeting of both the US and DPRK. has prepared this paper for the new US administration for its consideration of its policy In addition, the Bush administration took a options for Northeast Asia and the Korean series of actions that reversed US decisions Peninsula for the purposes of not only relating to various international treaties, such achieving peace and stability in the Korean as unilateral withdrawal from the Anti-Ballistic Peninsula and Northeast Asia, but also for the Missile Treaty (ABMT), and the refusal to ratify mutual benefit of the US and Korea. the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). Such unilateral behavior and the lack Private discussions between the experts of the of implementation of international agreements Peace Foundation and the US officials in the brought about serious declines in the US administration, and open discussions with credibility and moral authority of the US in the the Foreign Affairs Committee staff in the US international community. Senate since 2007 have also provided a basis for this paper. The proposed policies and Second, the Bush administration ignored the pledges offered by President elect Obama and “Negative Security Assurance (NSA)” for states his staff, and the policies and procedures of the that do not possess the nuclear weapons. The Democratic Party, have been used as US released a report titled ‘Nuclear Posture references. Review’ in January 2002, which defined nuclear weapons as a part of offensive forces in the I. Assessment of the 8 Years of same manner as conventional weapons are the Bush Administration categorized, and argued for the need to prepare for the capacity to launch "Preemptive 1. Negative Inheritances - to be Overcome Strikes" including deployment of small nuclear weapons against seven states including North Faced with an unprecedented crisis of the Korea, Iran and Iraq. This is blatant rejection of September 11 attack, the Bush administration the NSA, which promises no threats and/or made a critical mistake by responding to it in attacks deploying nuclear weapons against the old ways and giving away an opportunity to states that do not possess nuclear weapons by act on the international solidarity, caused a countries that do. 3 6 | 12 | 0 APJ | JF It was a clear and unequivocal breach of the administration. spirit of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), which provided countries that do not possess First, the Bush administration has completed nuclear weapons with the 'Right to Peaceful the realignment of the US-ROK alliance. The Use of Nuclear Energy' and the NSA in US-ROK alliance has been the bedrock of exchange for recognition of the possession of stability and peace in East Asia and the nuclear weapons by the five nuclear power essential element of security on the Korean states. In doing so, the US provided North peninsula in the past half century. Subsequent Korea and Iran, the so-called 'bad boys of the to the end of the cold war, security world' with excuses to develop nuclear circumstances in the East Asia region have development programs. The Bush been changing fast due to, among others, the administration, consequently, drove the DPRK rapid rise of China, changes in the US strategic to become the ninth nuclear developing state in interest in the region, as well as the growth in national power of the ROK. the world due to its misguided analysis of circumstances and policies. The US completed the realignment in its relations with North Atlantic Treaty Third, the Bush administration seriously Organization (NATO) and Japan in 1990s. The damaged the authority of the United Nations realignment of the US-ROK alliance started in (UN) by ignoring UN resolutions. The US the early 1990s also, but was suspended due to labeled North Korea, Iraq and Iran as the ‘Axis the death of Kim Il Sung and the first DPRK of Evil’ in 2001 after the 9/11 attack, and nuclear crisis. President George W. Bush demanded the government of Iraq to abolish Weapons of Mass The Bush administration revived the process in Destructions (WMD) and called for regime 2003 and has nearly completed transformation change in a speech at the UN in August 2002. of the cold war style alliance between the US Although the Iraq government did allow UN and ROK to one that would befit the 21st weapons inspections, the US proposed a century. Through this process, the US and ROK resolution to invade Iraq to the UN Security reached a common recognition that the US- Council in February 2003.
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