Issue 39 Spring 2010
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The Sicilian Wolf: Genetic Identity of a Recently Extinct Insular Population
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/453365; this version posted November 5, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The Sicilian wolf: Genetic identity of a recently extinct insular population Angelici F.M.1*, Ciucani M.M. #2,3, Angelini S.4, Annesi F.5, Caniglia R6., Castiglia R.5, Fabbri E.6, Galaverni M.7, Palumbo D.8, Ravegnini G.4, Rossi L.8, Siracusa A.M.10, Cilli E.2 Affiliations: * Corresponding author # Co-first author: These authors equally contributed to the paper 1 FIZV, Via Marco Aurelio 2, I-00184 Roma, Italy 2 Laboratories of Physical Anthropology and Ancient DNA, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy; 3 Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark 4 Dip.to Farmacia e Biotecnologia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy 5 Dip.to Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘C. Darwin’, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy 6 Area per la Genetica della Conservazione BIO-CGE, ISPRA, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, Italy 7 WWF Italia, Via Po 25/C, 00198 Roma, Italy 8 Museo di Ecologia di Cesena, Piazza Pietro Zangheri, 6, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy 10 Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Sez. Biologia Animale “Marcello La Greca”, Catania, Italy 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/453365; this version posted November 5, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. -
Information and Analysis Bulletin on Animal Poaching and Smuggling N°6 / 1St July - 30Th Septembre 2014
Information and analysis bulletin on animal poaching and smuggling n°6 / 1st July - 30th Septembre 2014 Contents Introduction Insects and Arachnids 3 Seahorses Sea 4 Cruelty to animals is pouring and flooding on Tridacna and Queen Conches 5 each and every one of the 134 pages of ”On the Sea Cucumbers 5 Trail ” n°6. Rainbows are rare. And for that are all Fishes 6 the more beautiful. Marine Mammals 8 Opening of a delphinium in Pattaya and a Several recent studies suggest that violence on projected opening in Phuket 8 animals and abuse of animal’s weakness show Marine Turtles 9 predisposition to violence against humans and that witnessing domestic violence or being Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles 13 submitted to parental harassment leads to a Snakes 20 predisposition to violence against animals. Sauria 23 Violence is a viral and vicious circle. Crocodilians 23 Multi-Species Reptiles 24 The FBI in the United States of America now considers that mistreatment, individual Amphibia 25 violence, organized abuse and torture against animals are crimes against society. To start Birds 26 in 2016, a database listing animal sadists The new European commissioner for should help - that is the purpose of the FBI’s the environment 32 new approach - to predict criminality against humans. Pangolins 35 Writers and great thinkers in the ancient Primates 40 centuries had predicted that practice or Ebola 42 witnessing of cruelty inflicted on animals would lead to barbaric treatment towards and among Felines 49 humans. ” After people in Rome were tamed Released on bail without caution 53 to the spectacle of murdering animals, it came the turn of men and the gladiators. -
I. G E O G RAP H IC PA T T E RNS in DIV E RS IT Y a . D Iversity And
I. GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS IN DIVERSITY A. Diversity and Endemicty B. Patterns in Mammalian Richness 1 – latitude 2 – area 3 – isolation 4 – elevation C. Hotspots of Mammalian Biodiversity 1 – relevance 2 – optimal characteristics of hotspots 3 – empirical patterns for mammals II. CONSERVATION STATUS OF MAMMALS A. Prehistoric Extinctions B. Historic Extinctions 1 – summary (totals) 2 – taxonomic, morphologic bias 3 – Geographic bias C. Geography of Extinctions 1 – prehistory and human colonization 2 – geographic questions 3 – range collapse in mammals Hotspots of Mammalian Endemicity Endemic Mammals Species Richness (fig. 1) Schipper et al 2009 – Science 322:226. (color pdf distributed to lab sections) Fig. 2. Global patterns of threat, for land (brown) and marine (blue) mammals. (A) Number of globally threatened species (Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Fig. 4. Global patterns of knowledge, for land Endangered). Number of species affected by: (B) habitat loss; (C) harvesting; (D) (terrestrial and freshwater, brown) and marine (blue) accidental mortality; and (E) pollution. Same color scale employed in (B), (C), (D) species. (A) Number of species newly described since and (E) (hence, directly comparable). 1992. (B) Data-Deficient species. Mammal Extinctions 1500 to 2000 (151 species or subspecies; ~ 83 species) COMMON NAME LATIN NAME DATE RANGE PRIMARY CAUSE Lesser Hispanolan Ground Sloth Acratocnus comes 1550 Hispanola introduction of rats and pigs Greater Puerto Rican Ground Sloth Acratocnus major 1500 Puerto Rico introduction of rats -
The Moon Bear As a Symbol of Yama Its Significance in the Folklore of Upland Hunting in Japan
Catherine Knight Independent Scholar The Moon Bear as a Symbol of Yama Its Significance in the Folklore of Upland Hunting in Japan The Asiatic black bear, or “moon bear,” has inhabited Japan since pre- historic times, and is the largest animal to have roamed Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū since mega-fauna became extinct on the Japanese archipelago after the last glacial period. Even so, it features only rarely in the folklore, literature, and arts of Japan’s mainstream culture. Its relative invisibility in the dominant lowland agrarian-based culture of Japan contrasts markedly with its cultural significance in many upland regions where subsistence lifestyles based on hunting, gathering, and beliefs centered on the mountain deity (yama no kami) have persisted until recently. This article explores the significance of the bear in the upland regions of Japan, particularly as it is manifested in the folklore of communities centered on hunting, such as those of the matagi, and attempts to explain why the bear, and folklore focused on the bear, is largely ignored in mainstream Japanese culture. keywords: Tsukinowaguma—moon bear—matagi hunters—yama no kami—upland communities—folklore Asian Ethnology Volume 67, Number 1 • 2008, 79–101 © Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture nimals are common motifs in Japanese folklore and folk religion. Of the Amammals, there is a wealth of folklore concerning the fox, raccoon dog (tanuki), and wolf, for example. The fox is regarded as sacred, and is inextricably associated with inari, originally one of the deities of cereals and a central deity in Japanese folk religion. It has therefore become closely connected with rice agri- culture and thus is an animal symbol central to Japan’s agrarian culture. -
Testing the Occurrence of Convergence in the Craniomandibular Shape Evolution of Living Carnivorans
ORIGINAL ARTICLE doi:10.1111/evo.14229 Testing the occurrence of convergence in the craniomandibular shape evolution of living carnivorans Davide Tamagnini,1,2,3 Carlo Meloro,4 Pasquale Raia,5 and Luigi Maiorano1,2 1Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin,”, University of Rome “La Sapienza,”, Rome 00185, Italy 2Museum of Zoology, Sapienza Museum Centre, University of Rome “La Sapienza,”, Rome 00185, Italy 3E-mail: [email protected] 4Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom 5Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80126, Italy Received May 30, 2020 Accepted March 28, 2021 Convergence consists in the independent evolution of similar traits in distantly related species. The mammalian craniomandibu- lar complex constitutes an ideal biological structure to investigate ecomorphological dynamics and the carnivorans, due to their phenotypic variability and ecological flexibility, offer an interesting case study to explore the occurrence of convergent evolution. Here, we applied multiple pattern-based metrics to test the occurrence of convergence in the craniomandibular shape of extant carnivorans. To this aim, we tested for convergence in many dietary groups and analyzed several cases of carnivoran convergence concerning either ecologically equivalent species or ecologically similar species of different body sizes described in the literature. Our results validate the occurrence of convergence in ecologically equivalent species in a few cases (as well as in the case of giant and red pandas), but almost never support the occurrence of convergent evolution in dietary categories of living carnivorans. -
Pet Fur Or Fake Fur? a Forensic Approach
Pilli et al. Investigative Genetics 2014, 5:7 http://www.investigativegenetics.com/content/5/1/7 RESEARCH Open Access Pet fur or fake fur? A forensic approach Elena Pilli1*, Rosario Casamassima2, Stefania Vai1, Antonino Virgili3, Filippo Barni4, Giancarlo D’Errico4, Andrea Berti4, Giampietro Lago5 and David Caramelli1 Abstract Background: In forensic science there are many types of crime that involve animals. Therefore, the identification of the species has become an essential investigative tool. The exhibits obtained from such offences are very often a challenge for forensic experts. Indeed, most biological materials are traces, hair or tanned fur. With hair samples, a common forensic approach should proceed from morphological and structural microscopic examination to DNA analysis. However, the microscopy of hair requires a lot of experience and a suitable comparative database to be able to recognize with a high degree of accuracy that a sample comes from a particular species and then to determine whether it is a protected one. DNA analysis offers the best opportunity to answer the question, ‘What species is this?’ In our work, we analyzed different samples of fur coming from China used to make hats and collars. Initially, the samples were examined under a microscope, then the mitochondrial DNA was tested for species identification. For this purpose, the genetic markers used were the 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA, while the hypervariable segment I of the control region was analyzed afterwards, to determine whether samples belonged to the same individual. Results: Microscopic examination showed that the fibres were of animal origin, although it was difficult to determine with a high degree of confidence which species they belonged to and if they came from a protected species. -
Autumn 07 Cover
27 November 2013 (First Session, Lots 1–503) Miscellaneous & Mixed Lots 9 First Session, Lots 1 – 503 Wednesday 27th November at 11 am Miscellaneous and Mixed Lots 1 A mainly mint Q.V. to K.G.V collection on leaves, incl. Bahrain 1933-37 set, Barbuda 1922 set, Basutoland 1933 set, British Levant with 1885-88 set, 1902-05 set, Grenada, Hong Kong, Jamaica, Leeward Islands 1921-32 to £1, Malta 1904-14 to 5s., 1928 set, Nauru, Newfoundland, Papua 1916-21 to 10s., St. Kitts-Nevis 1920-22 set, St. Lucia 1891-98 to 10s., Sarawak, Seychelles, Southern Rhodesia, Sudan 1898 set, Transjordan 1933 to 500m., Trinidad and Tobago, Virgin Islands, Zululand, etc. (100s) £3,000-£3,500 2 An all World collection in nineteen albums incl. G.B. 1840 1d. (2), 2d. used, 1929 P.U.C. marginal unmounted mint, Australia 1932 Bridge 5s. used, Bahrain, Barbados, Canada from 1851, 1942-48 to $1 mint, Hong Kong China overprints incl. $2, $3, $4 used, India 1902-11 to 15r. used, 1926-33 to 25r. used, 1937-40 15r., 25r. used, 1948 Gandhi 10r. used, Malayan States, Europe and Colonies, France 1930 perf. 11 20f. red-brown used, Netherlands Indies, China 1897 2c. Red Revenue used, People’s Republic, Middle East, Iraq, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan Army Officials incl. 1905 1m. se-tenant pair large and small overprint mint, Thailand from 1883, 1887 surcharges, U.S.A., etc. £2,500-£3,000 3 An all World mint and used collection in twelve albums and loose contained in two cartons with British Empire incl. -
Pet Fur Or Fake Fur? a Forensic Approach
Pilli et al. Investigative Genetics 2014, 5:7 http://www.investigativegenetics.com/content/5/1/7 RESEARCH Open Access Pet fur or fake fur? A forensic approach Elena Pilli1*, Rosario Casamassima2, Stefania Vai1, Antonino Virgili3, Filippo Barni4, Giancarlo D’Errico4, Andrea Berti4, Giampietro Lago5 and David Caramelli1 Abstract Background: In forensic science there are many types of crime that involve animals. Therefore, the identification of the species has become an essential investigative tool. The exhibits obtained from such offences are very often a challenge for forensic experts. Indeed, most biological materials are traces, hair or tanned fur. With hair samples, a common forensic approach should proceed from morphological and structural microscopic examination to DNA analysis. However, the microscopy of hair requires a lot of experience and a suitable comparative database to be able to recognize with a high degree of accuracy that a sample comes from a particular species and then to determine whether it is a protected one. DNA analysis offers the best opportunity to answer the question, ‘What species is this?’ In our work, we analyzed different samples of fur coming from China used to make hats and collars. Initially, the samples were examined under a microscope, then the mitochondrial DNA was tested for species identification. For this purpose, the genetic markers used were the 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA, while the hypervariable segment I of the control region was analyzed afterwards, to determine whether samples belonged to the same individual. Results: Microscopic examination showed that the fibres were of animal origin, although it was difficult to determine with a high degree of confidence which species they belonged to and if they came from a protected species. -
Iceberg Scours, Pits, and Pockmarks in the North Falkland Basin
Iceberg scours, pits, and pockmarks in the North Falkland Basin Brown, C. S., Newton, A. M. W., Huuse, M., & Buckley, F. (2017). Iceberg scours, pits, and pockmarks in the North Falkland Basin. Marine Geology, 386, 140-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.03.001 Published in: Marine Geology Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights Copyright 2018 the authors. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:06. Oct. 2021 Marine Geology 386 (2017) 140–152 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/margo Iceberg scours, pits, and pockmarks in the North Falkland Basin Christopher S. -
Computed Tomography Examination and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Japanese Wolf Skull Covered with Skin
NOTE Anatomy Computed tomography examination and mitochondrial DNA analysis of Japanese wolf skull covered with skin Naotaka ISHIGURO1)*, Yasuo INOSHIMA1) and Motoki SASAKI2) 1)Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan 2)Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan ABSTRACT. A Canis skull, right half of the mandible and part of the left half of the mandible J. Vet. Med. Sci. were subjected to three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) observation and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis in order to determine whether the specimens belonged to 79(1): 14–17, 2017 the extinct Japanese wolf, Canis lupus hodophilax (Temminck, 1839). Osteometric analysis of the doi: 10.1292/jvms.16-0429 skull and right half of the mandible revealed that the material (JW275) was indeed typical of the Japanese wolf. Sequence analysis of a 600-bp mtDNA region revealed that the JW275 belonged to haplotype Group B, which is characterized by an 8-bp deletion in the mtDNA control region. The Received: 21 August 2016 findings of this study suggest that 3D CT analysis is well suited to examining fragile and valuable Accepted: 4 October 2016 biological samples, as it removes the need for destructive sampling. Published online in J-STAGE: KEY WORDS: Canis lupus hodophilax, CT, Japanese wolf, mitochondrial DNA, skull 15 October 2016 The Japanese wolf (Canis lupus hodophilax, (Temminck, 1893)) is an extinct subspecies of gray wolf that inhabited the islands of Kyushu, Shikoku and Honshu in Japan. The Ezo wolf (C. -
Paleoecology of Fossil Species of Canids (Canidae, Carnivora, Mammalia)
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH BOHEMIA, FACULTY OF SCIENCES Paleoecology of fossil species of canids (Canidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) Master thesis Bc. Isabela Ok řinová Supervisor: RNDr. V ěra Pavelková, Ph.D. Consultant: prof. RNDr. Jan Zrzavý, CSc. České Bud ějovice 2013 Ok řinová, I., 2013: Paleoecology of fossil species of canids (Carnivora, Mammalia). Master thesis, in English, 53 p., Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Bud ějovice, Czech Republic. Annotation: There were reconstructed phylogeny of recent and fossil species of subfamily Caninae in this study. Resulting phylogeny was used for examining possible causes of cooperative behaviour in Caninae. The study tried tu explain evolution of social behavior in canids. Declaration: I hereby declare that I have worked on my master thesis independently and used only the sources listed in the bibliography. I hereby declare that, in accordance with Article 47b of Act No. 111/1998 in the valid wording, I agree with the publication of my master thesis in electronic form in publicly accessible part of the STAG database operated by the University of South Bohemia accessible through its web pages. Further, I agree to the electronic publication of the comments of my supervisor and thesis opponents and the record of the proceedings and results of the thesis defence in accordance with aforementioned Act No. 111/1998. I also agree to the comparison of the text of my thesis with the Theses.cz thesis database operated by the National Registry of University Theses and a plagiarism detection system. In České Bud ějovice, 13. December 2013 Bc. Isabela Ok řinová Acknowledgements: First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Věra Pavelková for her great support, patience and many valuable comments and advice. -
The Effect of Norway Rats on Coastal Waterbirds of the Falkland Islands: a Preliminary Analysis
S. Poncet, K. Passfi eld, A. Kuepfer and M.A. Tabak Poncet, S.; K. Passfi eld, A. Kuepfer and M.A. Tabak. The eff ect of Norway rats on coastal waterbirds of the Falkland Islands: a preliminary analysis The effect of Norway rats on coastal waterbirds of the Falkland Islands: a preliminary analysis S. Poncet1, K. Passfi eld2, A. Kuepfer3 and M.A. Tabak4,5 1Antarctic Research Trust, P.O. Box 685, Stanley, Falkland Islands. <[email protected]> 2Island LandCare, P.O. Box 538, Stanley, Falkland Islands. 3Department of Natural Resources, Falkland Islands Government, Stanley, Falkland Islands. 4Quantitative Science Consulting, LLC, 765 North 10th St., Laramie, WY 82072 USA. 5Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Abstract The Falkland Islands have been aff ected by anthropogenic-induced habitat modifi cation including introduction of invasive species and grazing by livestock. Introduced Norway rats are known to have a large eff ect on native Falklands passerines but their eff ect on other native birds has not been explored. We investigated the eff ects of several environmental variables, including the presence of Norway rats and chronic grazing by livestock, on an assemblage of 22 species of coastal waterbirds by comparing species richness and relative abundance of birds among 65 rat-infested islands, 29 rat- eradicated islands and 76 historically rat-free islands. Bird count data from 299 km of coastline were used to estimate relative bird abundance, expressed as the number of individuals per kilometre of coastline for each species. Our study provided three key results.