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Tese 7650 Dissertação Final UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ESPÍRITO SANTO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E NATURAIS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA NATAN HENRIQUE TAVEIRA BAPTISTA A GLÓRIA ATLÉTICA ENTRE O DESEJO E A CENSURA: SPECTĀCULUM, CONFLITO URBANO E REPRESENTAÇÃO CORPORAL DO AURIGA NA ÁFRICA ROMANA (SÉC. III-IV) VITÓRIA 2015 NATAN HENRIQUE TAVEIRA BAPTISTA A GLÓRIA ATLÉTICA ENTRE O DESEJO E A CENSURA: SPECTĀCULUM, CONFLITO URBANO E REPRESENTAÇÃO CORPORAL DO AURIGA NA ÁFRICA ROMANA (SÉC. III-IV) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História do Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em História, na área de concentração História Social das Relações Políticas. Linha de Pesquisa: Representações e Ideias Políticas Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gilvan Ventura da Silva VITÓRIA 2015 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-publicação (CIP) (Biblioteca Central da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, ES, Brasil) Baptista, Natan Henrique Taveira, 1991- B222g A glória atlética entre o desejo e a censura : spectāculum, conflito urbano e representação corporal do auriga na África Romana (Séc. III-IV) / Natan Henrique Taveira Baptista. – 2015. 385 f. : il. Orientador: Gilvan Ventura da Silva. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) – Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais. 1. Tertuliano - ca 160 - ca 230. 2. Jogos - Roma. 3. Corpo humano. 4. Epígrafes. 5. Inscrições. 6.Cartago (Cidade extinta). 7. Hadrumeto (Cidade extinta). I. Silva, Gilvan Ventura da, 1967-. II. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais. III. Título. CDU: 93/99 NATAN HENRIQUE TAVEIRA BAPTISTA A GLÓRIA ATLÉTICA ENTRE O DESEJO E A CENSURA: SPECTĀCULUM, CONFLITO URBANO E REPRESENTAÇÃO CORPORAL DO AURIGA NA ÁFRICA ROMANA (SÉC. III-IV) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História do Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em História, na área de concentração História Social das Relações Políticas. Aprovada em 14 de abril de 2015. Comissão Examinadora: __________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Gilvan Ventura da Silva (Orientador) Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo __________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Renata Senna Garraffoni (Examinadora Externa) Universidade Federal do Paraná __________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Leni Ribeiro Leite (Examinadora Interna) Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo __________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Sergio Alberto Feldman (Examinador Interno) Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Para Rochelle Taveira Baptista e Jade Caroline Donati Pereira, que, mesmo quando puderam partir, permaneceram. AGRADECIMENTOS Procurar as palavras de modo a iniciar estes agradecimentos se mostrou uma tarefa bastante difícil, uma vez que são as últimas linhas a serem escritas nesta dissertação, iniciada há alguns anos; trabalho que, longe de uma mera obrigação acadêmica, se tornou incrivelmente importante para mim. Assim, escrever esta parte da dissertação por último tem uma enorme e dupla conotação simbólica. Em primeiro lugar, porque ela é o fechamento de parte de um processo de constante aprendizado. Esse encerramento, que pode ser percebido ao devolver meus livros para as estantes que já acumulavam pó, ao reorganizar e guardar a enorme quantidade de textos e de folhas que foram acumuladas por todas as superfícies do meu quarto ao longo dos últimos anos – fato que quase levou à loucura a responsável pela limpeza, ou seja, minha mãe, incontáveis vezes. Efetuando tais tarefas, um processo paralelo foi verificado: uma maior disponibilidade para minha família e amigos, me afastando cada vez mais da reclusão acadêmica imposta quase sempre pelo conforto do meu quarto, de sua escrivaninha e computador. Tentar explicar as sensações despertadas – e, em grande medida, libertadoras – em todo esse processo de finalização e encerramento, certamente, é inútil. Em segundo lugar, pois esta seção é o local adequado e destinado para agradecer àqueles que, mais que meros apoiadores, foram quase que coautores do produto final aqui apresentado. Por tal motivo, é essencial encontrar as palavras certas para agradecer as muitas pessoas que me ajudaram na realização desta pesquisa. Eu queria mesmo, então, ter o poder de sintetizar em um pequeno texto ou em um pensamento a importância da existência de cada um – seja amigo, familiar ou do um só Deus. Eu queria poder agradecer pelo amor e por me sentir tão amado. O mestrado para mim não foi somente uma fase de amadurecimento acadêmico e intelectual, foi também marcado pelo meu crescimento pessoal, especialmente nas minhas relações interpessoais, marcando uma nova e importante etapa da minha vida, na qual o carinho, o tato e o amor de várias pessoas estiveram presentes. Espero, portanto, fazer aqui justiça a todas elas. Inicialmente, nenhuma palavra desta dissertação poderia ter sido escrita sem a dedicação, paciência e generosidade daquele que me indicou os caminhos a serem seguidos, as leituras a serem efetuadas e as decisões que não mais poderiam ser adiadas. Ao meu estimado orientador, professor Dr. Gilvan Ventura da Silva, que desde a Iniciação Científica me estimulou a querer e ser sempre mais, o meu primeiro e mais sincero muito obrigado. Agradeço pela afeição, cuidado, empenho e consideração nas leituras atentas dos meus textos, trabalhando sempre pelo melhor, assim como pelas longuíssimas horas de reunião, as quais, mais que meramente acadêmicas, tentando desvelar minha escrita confusa, eram também de preocupação e aconselhamento com aspectos mais amplos da minha vida pessoal e profissional. Obrigado por ser compreensivo com todos os meus atropelos e inseguranças, por ser sempre tão sensível com as minhas falhas e imperfeições, seja na tessitura textual, no meu mau comportamento público e no pouco filtro social. Pelas críticas, pelos elogios, pelos ensinamentos, pelas discussões, meu muitíssimo obrigado. Eu nunca poderia ter chegado aqui sem o senhor e, a despeito da imaturidade própria da juventude, ao escolher um guia no segundo período de graduação, o senhor foi o melhor orientador com o qual eu poderia ter sonhado, sendo extremamente presente, compreensivo e prestativo com o que eu precisasse nesses mais de quatro anos juntos. O senhor estava certo, orientação certamente é um casamento e o nosso foi muito producente, mesmo com todos os percalços da relação. Ainda, em primeira instância, gostaria de agradecer àquela que é o meu grande exemplo de dedicação, paixão e comprometimento pela vida acadêmica; o exemplo que quero seguir. É impossível expressar o quanto sou grato à minha magistra maxima e orientadora honorária, professora Dra. Leni Ribeiro Leite. Ter sido seu aluno e poder te chamar de amiga é um grande motivo de orgulho para mim. Assim, agradeço-lhe por ter sido a perfeita interlocutora crítica e perspicaz em todo o meu percurso acadêmico, propondo questionamentos e me levando sempre ao aperfeiçoamento como classicista, rompendo minhas barreiras e preconceitos entre áreas de conhecimento. Muito do pesquisador e professor que sou provém de suas críticas e proposições iniciadas enquanto você regia as aulas de língua latina, sempre paciente com a minha aparente inabilidade e inaptidão com o estudo das línguas clássicas, até as preciosas considerações na ocasião do meu Exame de Qualificação. Nunca me esquecerei de tudo o que você fez por mim, especialmente da enorme força e pressão para que eu pudesse fazer meu estágio técnico-científico em Brisbane, me ajudando com resignação no preenchimento de inúmeros formulários e de toda a papelada, nas correções do meu inglês, na paciência para minhas crises infinitas com prazos e bloqueios por e-mail, whatsapp, facebook e todas as outras mídias acessíveis nas madrugadas de uma ponte aérea Estados Unidos, Brasil e Austrália. Finalmente, agradeço ainda pelo envio de todo o material obtido nas bibliotecas durante sua residência temporária nos Estados Unidos para desenvolvimento do pós- doutorado na University of Kentucky. Devido às várias cópias gentilmente enviadas a mim, peço ainda desculpas pelas dores no seu braço e mão quando ao escanear uma quantidade colossal de material. É certo afirmar que contraí com você uma dívida impagável. Ainda gostaria de agradecer a todos os docentes que participaram diretamente na minha formação como historiador, professor e cidadão crítico; cidadão este que somente emergiu de dentro de mim a partir do momento em que sentei em uma das cadeiras do saudoso IC-III como discente do curso de História da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Meus agradecimentos se dirigem especialmente ao professor Dr. Sergio Alberto Feldman, que me ensinou tanto em tão pouco tempo. Foi um prazer ter sido convidado a integrar seu grupo de discussões sobre questões relativas à lógica outsider e excludente entre grupos identitários dentro do medievo central e tardio. Nessa curta, porém proveitosa, experiência de diálogo e crítica logrei o primeiro contato com a pesquisa e extensão acadêmicas, pois, além dos encontros semanais para discussão de textos, também participei diretamente, e pela primeira vez, da organização de um evento internacional: por tudo isso serei sempre agradecido ao senhor. Agradeço também as críticas e a leitura sempre atenta, as observações importantes na minha Qualificação e também os
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