Salumbides and Tang 1 Annotated Bibliography
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Physicians and Fertility Control in the Netherlands
Journal of Interdisciplinary History, xxxiv:2 (Autumn, 2003), 155–185. Frans van Poppel and Hugo Röling PHYSICIANS AND FERTILITY CONTROL Physicians and Fertility Control in the Netherlands The Netherlands, like many other European countries, began to experience a strong fertility decline during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The annual values of the total fertility rate (tfr—the average number of children per woman) in Figure 1 show that after an initial rise, fertility started its decline in 1879. This decline continued until 1937, when the average number of children per woman had reached 2.57, three children less than in 1879. A further decline occurred from 1966 to 1975; during this period, tfr decreased from 2.90 to 1.65.1 The transition that took place between 1880 and 1930 was recognized as crucial almost from its inception. Beaujon (1853– 1890), the Dutch economist and statistician, for example, argued in 1888, using marital fertility rates for the period from 1860 to 1879, that “restriction of the fertility of marriages is not com- pletely unfamiliar to our country.” In his opinion, indications of the “voluntary limitation of marital fertility” could be found in several provinces during the second half of the 1870s. He also noted, however, that “control of the number of births within marriage is a rare exception.”2 Frans van Poppel is Senior Research Ofªcer, Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic In- stitute (nidi). He is the author of Trouwen in Nederland. Een historische-demograªsche analyse van de 19e en vroeg-20ste eeuw (Marriage in the Netherlands: A Historical-Demographic Analysis of the 19th and early 20th Century) Wageningen, 1992); co-author, with Jona Schellekens and Aart C. -
Schwartz, Infidel Feminism (2013)
6 Freethought and Free Love? Marriage, birth control and sexual morality uestions of sex were central to Secularism. Even those Freethinkers who desperately sought respectability for the movement found Q it impossible to avoid the subject, for irreligion was irrevocably linked in the public mind with sexual license. Moreover, the Freethought movement had, since the beginning of the nineteenth century, been home to some of the leading advocates of sexual liberty, birth control and marriage reform. A complex relationship existed between these strands of sexual dissidence – sometimes conficting, at other times coming together to form a radical, feminist vision of sexual freedom. If a ‘Freethinking’ vision of sexual freedom existed, it certainly did not go uncontested by others in the movement. Nevertheless, the intellectual and political location of organised Freethought made it fertile ground for a radical re-imagining of sexualCIRCULATION norms and conduct. Te Freethought renunciation of Christianity necessarily entailed a rejection of the moral authority of the Church, particularly its role in legitimising sexual relations. Secularists were therefore required to fnd a new basis for morality, and questions of sex were at the centre of this project to establish new ethical criteria. In some cases Secularists’ rejec- tion of Christian asceticism and their emphasis on the material world could alsoFOR lead to a positive attitude to physical passions in both men and women. Te central Freethinking principle of free enquiry necessi- tated a commitment to open discussion of sexual matters, and while this ofen generated a great deal of anxiety, the majority of the movement’s leadership supported the need for free discussion. -
"Dirty Filthy" Books on Birth Control
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice Volume 10 (2003-2004) Issue 3 William & Mary Journal of Women and Article 4 the Law April 2004 Law, Literature, and Libel: Victorian Censorship of "Dirty Filthy" Books on Birth Control Kristin Brandser Kalsem Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl Part of the First Amendment Commons Repository Citation Kristin Brandser Kalsem, Law, Literature, and Libel: Victorian Censorship of "Dirty Filthy" Books on Birth Control, 10 Wm. & Mary J. Women & L. 533 (2004), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/ wmjowl/vol10/iss3/4 Copyright c 2004 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl LAW, LITERATURE, AND LIBEL: VICTORIAN CENSORSHIP OF "DIRTY FILTHY" BOOKS ON BIRTH CONTROL KRISTIN BRANDSER KALSEM* I. INTRODUCTION Feminist jurisprudence is about breaking silences. It is about identifying topics that are "unspeakable" in law and culture and raising questions about why that is. It is about exposing ways in which silencing works to regulate.' This Article presents a case study of the feminist jurisprudence of three early birth control advocates: Annie Besant, Jane Hume Clapperton, and Marie Stopes. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the subject of birth control was so taboo that serious efforts were made to keep John Stuart Mill from being buried in Westminster Abbey because of his sympathies with the idea of limiting family size.2 Despite this cultural climate, Annie Besant published a tract on birth control and defended herself in court against charges of obscene libel for doing so,' Jane Hume Clapperton advocated the use of birth control in a novel,4 and Marie Stopes wrote two runaway bestsellers on the topic and opened the first birth control clinic in England.' While the actual practice of birth control was not illegal in England, as this case study will show, it was highly dangerous to * Assistant Professor of Law, University of Cincinnati College of Law. -
How a US Sociologist Made John Stuart Mill Into a Neo- Malthusian
‘Beyond the facts’: how a US sociologist made John Stuart Mill into a Neo- Malthusian Article Accepted Version Stack, D. (2018) ‘Beyond the facts’: how a US sociologist made John Stuart Mill into a Neo-Malthusian. Historical Research, 91 (154). pp. 772-790. ISSN 1468-2281 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.12246 Available at http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/68749/ It is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from the work. See Guidance on citing . To link to this article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.12246 Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell All outputs in CentAUR are protected by Intellectual Property Rights law, including copyright law. Copyright and IPR is retained by the creators or other copyright holders. Terms and conditions for use of this material are defined in the End User Agreement . www.reading.ac.uk/centaur CentAUR Central Archive at the University of Reading Reading’s research outputs online ‘Beyond the facts’: how a US sociologist made John Stuart Mill into a ‘Neo-Malthusian’* The task of revising, rethinking, and re-centering our understanding of John Stuart Mill and his works has gathered pace in the years since his bicentenary. From a long overdue full biography in 2007, the first in over half a century, through to a comprehensive new Companion to Mill (2017), via new studies of Mill’s views on a whole range of subjects, and detailed explorations of his image and reputation, the past decade has enriched and enhanced our understanding of nineteenth century Britain’s greatest philosopher.1 One staple of the standard interpretations that has remained secure amidst the myriad reappraisals has been Mill’s anachronistic identification as a ‘Neo-Malthusian’. -
A Usable Collection
A Usable Established in 1935, the International Institute of Social History is one of the world's leading research institutes on social history, holding one of the richest collections in the field. These collections and archives contain evidence of a social and economic world that affected the life and happiness of millions of people. Including material from every continent from the French Revolution to the Chinese student revolt of 1989 and the new social and protest movements of the early 2000s, the IISH collection is intensively used by researchers from all over the world. In his long and singular career, former director Jaap Collection Kloosterman has been central to the development of the IISH into a world leader in researching and collecting social and labour history. The 35 essays brought together in this volume in honour of him, A Usable give a rare insight into the history of this unique institute and the development of its collections. The contributors also offer answers to the question what it takes to devote a lifetime to collecting social Collection history, and to make these collections available for research. The essays offer a unique and multifaceted Essays in Honour of Jaap Kloosterman view on the development of social history and collecting its sources on a global scale. on Collecting Social History Edited by Aad Blok, Jan Lucassen and Huub Sanders ISBN 978 90 8964 688 0 AUP.nl A Usable Collection A Usable Collection Essays in Honour of Jaap Kloosterman on Collecting Social History Edited by Aad Blok, Jan Lucassen and -
Politics of Birth Control and Eugenics in Interwar Japan
PROBLEMATIZING POPULATION: POLITICS OF BIRTH CONTROL AND EUGENICS IN INTERWAR JAPAN A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Sujin Lee August 2017 © 2017 Sujin Lee PROBLEMATIZING POPULATION: POLITICS OF BIRTH CONTROL AND EUGENICS IN INTERWAR JAPAN Sujin Lee, Ph. D. Cornell University 2017 This dissertation aims to answer comprehensively the simple, yet significant question of why and how population became a political problem in interwar Japan (late 1910s - late 1930s). During Japan’s interwar years, there was a growing call among social scientists, social reformers, and government elites to solve “population problem (jinkō mondai).” These Japanese intellectuals attributed the population problem in Mainland Japan (naichi) to a wide array of social ills including poverty, unemployment, and physical, mental, and moral degeneration, and considered various solutions to reform the Japanese population. The prevalence of this population discourse must be understood as an obvious symptom of the growing attention among contemporary Japanese intellectuals and bureaucrats to the population: the size and quality of the population became an object of knowledge and an objective of government. Moreover, the ambiguous, yet productive category of the Japanese population provides a revealing look at the complex social relations and colonial mobility in the Japanese Empire. This dissertation focuses on modern governmentality and imperialism that were embedded in the interwar discourse of the population problem. Using Michel Foucault’s conceptualization of discourse, I consider the population discourse to encompass different, or even conflicting agendas, languages, and movements that shaped and reshaped the population problem. -
FORGING BONDS ACROSS BORDERS Transatlantic Collaborations for Women’S Rights and Social Justice in the Long Nineteenth Century
Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Supplement 13 (2017) FORGING BONDS ACROSS BORDERS Transatlantic Collaborations for Women’s Rights and Social Justice in the Long Nineteenth Century Edited by Britta Waldschmidt-Nelson and Anja Schüler Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Washington DC Editor: Richard F. Wetzell Supplement 13 Supplement Editor: Patricia C. Sutcliffe The Bulletin appears twice and the Supplement once a year; all are available free of charge. Current and back issues are available online at: www.ghi-dc.org/bulletin To sign up for a subscription or to report an address change, please contact Ms. Susanne Fabricius at [email protected]. For editorial comments or inquiries, please contact the editor at [email protected] or at the address below. For further information about the GHI, please visit our website www.ghi-dc.org. For general inquiries, please send an e-mail to [email protected]. German Historical Institute 1607 New Hampshire Ave NW Washington DC 20009-2562 Phone: (202) 387-3355 Fax: (202) 483-3430 © German Historical Institute 2017 All rights reserved ISSN 1048-9134 Cover: Offi cial board of the International Council of Women, 1899-1904; posed behind table at the Beethoven Saal, Berlin, June 8, 1904: Helene Lange, treasurer, Camille Vidart, recording secretary, Teresa Wilson, corresponding secretary, Lady Aberdeen, vice president, May Sewall, president, & Susan B. Anthony. Library of Congress P&P, LC-USZ62-44929. Photo by August Scherl. Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Supplement 13 | 2017 Forging Bonds Across Borders: Transatlantic Collaborations for Women’s Rights and Social Justice in the Long Nineteenth Century 5 INTRODUCTION Britta Waldschmidt-Nelson and Anja Schüler NEW WOMEN’S BIOGRAPHY 17 Transatlantic Freethinker, Feminist, and Pacifi st: Ernestine Rose in the 1870s Bonnie S. -
The Malthusian and the Anti-Malthusian: the Use of Economic Ideas and Language in the Public Discourse of Nineteenth-Century Britain
The London School of Economics and Political Science The Malthusian and the Anti-Malthusian: The Use of Economic Ideas and Language in the Public Discourse of Nineteenth-Century Britain Maxine Montaigne A thesis submitted to the Department of Economic History of the London School of Economics and Political Science, for the degree of Master of Philosophy, London, September 2017 Page | 2 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, in-fringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 53,187 words. Page | 3 Abstract The nineteenth century saw the birth of economics as a distinct academic discipline in Britain, and with it a new relationship between economic thinkers, policy makers and the wider public, who played an increasingly active role in the sphere of economic discourse. One of the most contentious economic and social debates of this time was the question of population; population growth was seen as both essential to the new industrial economy, but also feared for its association with social unrest and degeneracy. -
The Birth Control Movement in England up to the Present Time
_The Birth Control Movement in England ’ LON DON JOHN BALE, SONS & DANIELSSON, LTD., ‘ 83-91, GREAT TITGHFIELD STREET, W. 1. 1930 Price SIXPENCE. “ I think, dearest Uncle, you cannot really Wish me to be the ‘mamma. d’une nombreuse ' famille,’ for I think you Will see the great inconvenience a. large family would be to us all, and particularly to the country, inde- pendent of the hardship and inconvenience to myself. Men never think, at least seldom I think, what a. hard task it is for us women to go through this very often.”——Queen Victm‘ia] to the King of the Belgians, January 15, 1841. “ In our midst are women held in the bonds of slave-marriage, upon whom un- regulated maternity inflicts its intolerable burden of excessive breeding, with its drain upon maternal vitality, and leading to the birth of defectives and degenerates and to a persistent lowering of the racial physique.” —-.Dr. Alice Drysdale Vickery. “ If our ‘ pastors and masters ’ would but accept control of conception as a. necessary feature of our present-day civilization, and still more, cease from feebly excusing it on so-caJIed medical grounds, and, on the other hand, unite in bringing before the public the importance of adequate parenthood, constructive guidance would take the'place of futile controversy.”——Lm'd Dawson of Penn. The Birth Control Movement in England M LONDON ‘ JOHN BALE, SONS & DANIELSSON, LTD., 83-91, GREAT TITOHFIELD STREET, W. 1. 1930 FOREWORD. THE information contained in this pamphlet has been put together by Mary Breed and myself in order to have available a short, cheap and accurate account of the birth control movement in England up to the present time. -
Feminism and Neo-Malthusianism 19Th-21St Centuries
Feminisms and feminist movements Feminism and Neo-Malthusianism 19th-21st centuries Anne COVA ABSTRACT Feminism and neo-Malthusianism took form as movements in Europe in the late nineteenth century. Only a few radical feminists shared the views of neo-Malthusians, while reformists emphasized the value of maternity, and used it to legitimize their demands in the face of populationist governments. The second half of the twentieth century marked a turning point, as the positions of these two branches grew closer together, fostered by scientific advances in contraception. Feminism and neo-Malthusianism are two doctrines, with the first having the ambition of women's emancipation, and the second recommending birth control without restricting sexuality. Feminists thus sought to liberate women from their “subjection,” a term used by the British philosopher John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) in his The Subjection of Women (1869), which caused a great sensation, while neo-Malthusians took inspiration from the ideas of the Anglican priest Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834). His famous Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) shows that population grows faster than means of subsistence, and recommends moral restraint, with abstinence alone used to limit births. Dissociating sexuality and reproduction, neo-Malthusians prescribed recourse to means of contraception. Their position was not widely shared by the majority of feminists during the nineteenth century, who as reformists were skittish on sexual matters for strategic reasons of respectability. The primary enemy of these feminists was the civil code, which established masculine domination in a large part of Europe. In the late nineteenth century, feminists and neo-Malthusians organized themselves in independent movements, essentially feminine for the former, and mixed for the latter.