Cultural Resources Assessment for the San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Master Plan Area, City of San Juan Capistrano, California

CULTURAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT FOR THE SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO HISTORIC TOWN CENTER MASTER PLAN AREA, CITY OF SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO, CALIFORNIA

Prepared for: Nicole Morse Templeton Planning Group

Authors: Sherri Gust, Molly Valasik and Amy Glover

Principal Investigator: Sherri Gust Orange County Certified Professional Archaeologist and Paleontologist

August 2011

Project Number: 1858 Type of Study: Cultural resources Phase I and programmatic assessment Sites:30-000834, 30-001154, 30-001173, 30-001215, 30-001247, 30-001302, 30-100470, 30-160120, 30- 160128, 30-161915, 30-176663, 30-176664 Quadrangles: San Juan Capistrano 1968, photorevised 1981 and Dana Point 1968, photorevised 1975 Area: 150 total acres; 44 directly surveyed Key Words: Mission San Juan Capistrano, Juaneño, historic-era sites, positive survey

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San Juan Capistrano Town Center Cultural

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ...... IV INTRODUCTION...... 1 PURPOSE OF STUDY ...... 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 3 PROJECT PERSONNEL ...... 6 REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT ...... 6 NATIONAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION ACT OF 1966, AS AMENDED ...... 6 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES ...... 7 CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT OF 1970, AS AMENDED ...... 8 CALIFORNIA REGISTER OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES ...... 8 CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL LANDMARKS ...... 9 CALIFORNIA POINTS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST ...... 10 CITY OF SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO CULTURAL RESOURCES ...... 11 BACKGROUND ...... 11 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ...... 12 PALEONTOLOGICAL SETTING ...... 12 PREHISTORIC SETTING ...... 13 Project Area Cultures...... 13 Ethnography ...... 16 HISTORIC SETTING ...... 17 Spanish Period (1769-1820) ...... 17 Mexican Period (1821-1847) ...... 19 American Period (1848-1899) ...... 21 20th Century Period (1900-1999) ...... 23 RECORDS SEARCH ...... 25 NATIVE AMERICANS CONSULTED ...... 29 Project Area Development History ...... 30 SURVEY ...... 34 SURVEY METHODS ...... 34 SURVEY RESULTS ...... 34 EVALUATION AND ELIGIBILITY ...... 36 EL ADOBE RESTAURANT (JOSE ANTONIO YORBA AND JUZGADO ADOBES)...... 36 AVILA ADOBE ...... 37 EGAN HOUSE ...... 37 PROVINCIAL BUILDING ...... 39 OLD BARN ANTIQUE MALL (PROCTOR-STAFFORD BUILDINGS) ...... 40 ALBERTO PRYOR/LIBRADO & FLORIO GARCIA HOUSE ...... 41 FERRIS-KELLY COMPLEX (EL PEON) ...... 41 SWALLOW’S INN BUILDING ...... 43

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NICK’S CAFÉ/MEXICO LINDO-VAQUERO WEST ...... 43 TRADING POST ...... 44 BIRTCHER-PACIFIC BUILDING ...... 45 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 45 REVITALIZATION AREA ...... 45 Historic Resources ...... 45 Archaeological Resources ...... 46 CONNECTIVITY AREA ...... 48 REPOSITIONING AREA ...... 48 REFERENCES CITED ...... 50 APPENDIX A: QUALIFICATIONS ...... 54 APPENDIX B. ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES ...... 58 APPENDIX C: NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION ...... 86

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1. PROJECT VICINITY MAP ...... 1 FIGURE 2. PROJECT BOUNDARY MAP ...... 2 FIGURE 3. PROJECT SUBAREAS MAP ...... 4 FIGURE 4. PROJECT BOUNDARIES ON TOPOGRAPHIC MAP...... 5 FIGURE 5. NATIVE AMERICAN TRADITIONAL TRIBAL TERRITORIES ...... 16 FIGURE 6. MISSION SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO BY JOHN GUTZON-BORGLUM ...... 19 FIGURE 7. 1850S TOWN MAP ...... 31 FIGURE 8. 1875 TOWN MAP ...... 31 FIGURE 9. 1914 TOWN MAP ...... 32 FIGURE 10. 1946 TOWN AERIAL MAP ...... 32 FIGURE 11. 1972 TOWN AERIAL MAP ...... 33 FIGURE 12. PHOTO SHOWING TYPICAL LOW GROUND VISIBILITY ...... 35 FIGURE 13. EGAN HOUSE POST 1898 ...... 38 FIGURE 14. PROVINCIAL BUILDING IN 1920S ...... 39 FIGURE 15. PAUL WILLIAMS DESIGNED BUILDING ...... 40 FIGURE 17. CORNER OF CAMINO CAPISTRANO AND ORTEGA CIRCA 1940 ...... 42 FIGURE 18. POTENTIAL FUTURE BUILDINGS FOR REVITALIZATION AREA ...... 47 FIGURE 19. POTENTIAL FUTURE BUILDINGS FOR CONNECTIVITY AREA ...... 48 FIGURE 20. POTENTIAL FUTURE BUILDINGS FOR REPOSITIONING AREA ...... 49

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1. PROJECT LOCATION ...... 5 TABLE 2. CULTURAL PATTERNS AND PHASES ...... 14 TABLE 3. PREVIOUSLY KNOWN CULTURAL RESOURCES IN REVITALIZATION AREA ...... 25 TABLE 4. PREVIOUSLY KNOWN CULTURAL RESOURCES IN CONNECTIVITY AREA ...... 27 TABLE 5. PREVIOUSLY KNOWN CULTURAL RESOURCES IN REPOSITIONING AREA ...... 28 TABLE 6. BLM LAND PATENTS FOR REVITALIZATION AREA ...... 29

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MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

Paleontology. The project area is entirely upon sediments of Quaternary Alluvium and Colluvium. These sediments are less than 10 thousand years old and were deposited by local creeks and rivers including San Juan Creek, Trabuco Creek, Oso Creek and Horno Creek. The sediments consist of unconsolidated silt, sand and gravel that incorporate material from older formations cut by the creeks. This formation is too young to contain fossils. At variable depth below the surface, sediments of the Capistrano Formation are present. This rock unit consists of light brown to dark gray massive siltstone deposited 9-5 million years ago when the area was beneath the ocean. It has produced a wide variety of fossil marine life including whale, dolphin, walrus, sea lion, sea cow, shark, ray, fish and other animals and plants.

Prehistory. Prehistoric peoples living the area more than 1,300 years ago were Encinitas Tradition, Topanga Cultural Pattern groups. These groups were small, highly mobile bands. Sites known are temporary campsites, not villages and tend to be along the coast in wetlands, bays, coastal plains, near- coastal valleys, marine terraces and mountains. The Topanga toolkit is dominated by manos and metates with projectile points scarce. About 1,300 years before present the Encinitas Tradition, Topanga Pattern groups were replaced by a new archaeological entity, a Palomar Tradition, San Luis Cultural Pattern group representing ancestral Acjachemen. San Luis Rey Pattern groups demonstrate formation of major village sites along with small satellite villages. In Orange County, settlement locations were primarily coastal and subsistence focused on marine resources. The San Luis Rey toolkit has mortars and pestles along with bow and arrow technology.

Spanish Period. The Spanish period of history began with the exploration of Orange County by Gaspar de Portola. His expedition passed through Orange County and he named Trabuco Creek, Santiago Creek and other geographic features he encountered. The seventh Franciscan mission in California was Mission San Juan Capistrano, founded in 1776; shortly after Portola’s visit to the area. The Acjachemen were induced to work at the Mission and become Christians. The converts were permitted to elect a leader and became known over time as the Juaneño. The Juaneño built all the mission structures, residences and performed all labor. By 1783 the native population of the mission was recorded as 381 persons. Conversions accelerated from 1790 to 1812 as remaining Acjachemen were displaced from their lands by mission expansion. For example the mission herds increased from 8 thousand head to 27 thousand head in the 15 years following 1790. Native population of the Mission tripled from 1783 to 1793 and led to building of 40 adobe homes for neophytes and married soldiers in 1794; mostly south of the Mission. The economy that developed during the Mission years was based on trading cattle hides and tallow for clothing, shoes, sugar and other goods the Missions did not produce themselves. This required large

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amounts of land for grazing the animals. Ships from the East Coast visited regularly and California hides were turned into shoes as part of the first American Industrial Revolution.

Mexican Period. The Mexican period of history began when Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821. The new liberal politics of the Mexican Constitution of 1824 were embraced by the emerging generation of Californios and Californias (persons of Mexican heritage born in California). A provisional emancipation proclamation was issued in 1826 promising freedom to neophytes who could demonstrate they were self-supporting but in 1833, the Mission lands were appropriated by the Mexican government rather than being returned to the Native Americans. Juaneño leaders requested that the community be granted the land surrounding the mission which they had irrigated and were using to support themselves but legal title was never granted. In 1841 San Juan Capistrano became a Mexican pueblo. That year each Juaneño family received a house lot and a piece of land for agriculture, mostly in the eastern part of town. In addition, 40 Californios received house lots and agricultural land. Most of these households practiced subsistence farming utilizing the public lands for grazing animals and their own lands for crops while also working as skilled or general laborers.

The presence of Acjachemen villages was not considered when the Mexican government granted large tracts of land around the pueblo of San Juan Capistrano. All of the villages and grazing sites of the Acjachemen were encompassed within land grants to former administrators or their relatives by 1843. After Pio Pico became Governor, he granted two large ranchos to his sister’s husband John (Juan) Forster, an immigrant from England. Forster and a partner purchased the mission itself for $710 at auction. The Forster family lived on the mission premises for approximately 20 years between 1845 and 1864. Forster and other Euroamericans were integrated into Californio society through marriage (becoming Catholics, learning Spanish and becoming Mexican citizens was required prior to marriage to Californias). The wealth they brought with them enabled them to make land improvements and acquire business interests that began to reorganize the economy. Many of the early Euroamericans in California were merchants connected to the trade in hides, tallow and other goods. After the 1820s, American fur traders opened overland travel into California and were quickly followed by American settlers. California representatives of the Mexican government recognized the threat of unrestricted travel into their territory but did not have personnel sufficient to protect their borders.

American Period. The American period of history began when Mexico ceded California to the United States in 1848 after two years of war. San Juan Capistrano’s location on the road to newly discovered gold fields in northern California led to rapid growth and many problems with rustlers and bandits. The Spanish-speaking town was attractive to Mexicans on route or returning from the Gold Rush and some settled in San Juan Capistrano. The 1850 tax role for San Juan Capistrano lists 21 Californio/Mexican names, immigrants John Forster and Manual Garcias (Garfias) and first names only of 12 Juaneño.

Californios suffered devastating losses of land and property due to implementation of American laws, finances and business practices. The property rights of California Indians were denied entirely. In 1853 the United States legislature opened all land whose title was unverified by American courts to settlement as public lands. This sanctioned squatting on both Acjachemen lands and Californio ranchos. The claims of Juaneño who had acquired land in the 1841 formation of the pueblo of San Juan Capistrano were denied or ignored. By 1857, Camino Capistrano was lined by buildings. The census of 1860 reveals that

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San Juan Capistrano had 40 Californio households, 34 Juaneño households, 31 Mexican households, 8 European households, 1 Euroamerican household and 3 others. The Juaneño were recorded in the census with Spanish first names and, as a group, they owned only 2.5 percent of land in town and only 0.6 percent of assets (cattle, household items, etc.). Thirty percent of Juaneño households were headed by women who still lived on the plots distributed in 1841. Most of these women worked in the homes of Californios, did subsistence farming and goods production and cared for extended family members.

Ranchos outside of town were severely impacted in the 1860s by cycles of flooding and drought. Juan Avila of Rancho Niguel, for example, lost 90% of his cattle during this period. State property taxes and a law requiring all ranches to be completely fenced were enacted. All of these factors contributed to reduction in size of ranch properties. As the ranchos were broken up, the Juaneño housed and employed there were forced to leave. In addition, a small pox epidemic hit town in 1862-3 and more than 55% of the 227 Juaneño remaining in town died. A mass exodus occurred as the Juaneño fled to villages of Luiseño relatives to the southeast. San Juan Capistrano remained important to the Juaneño and they continue to move in and out of town for the remainder of the century for work, residence, family events and festivals.

The Catholic Church disputed Forster ownership of the mission and Forster’s claim was formally rejected. The Mission lands, amounting to 44 acres, reverted to the Catholic Church in 1865 and included the actual mission buildings, gardens and cemeteries. In the late 1860s more settlers and farmers migrated into town. A number of board and batten homes were built next to Mission era adobes in the Los Rios area. The 1870 census showed that San Juan Capistrano had 34 Californio households, 28 Euroamerican households, 25 Mexican households, 21 European households, 3 other households and 2 Juaneño households. Between the 1860 and 1870 censuses land ownership changed dramatically. Californios went from owning 79 percent of the land to owning only 28 percent. Euroamericans and Europeans went from owning less than 10 percent to owning 70 percent. Juaneño went from owning 2.5 percent of land to owning only 0.2 percent.

In the 1870s more Europeans and Euroamericans, mostly merchants, settled in town. In 1875 San Juan Capistrano was formally surveyed for the first time. The original Plaza which had been community land until that point was claimed as lots by town residents. The local economy was still based in subsistence farming. Mendelson’s store, for example, carried only boxed and barreled goods, ribbon, paper products, soap, candles, lard, coffee, tea and sugar but no local agricultural products. Additional town property was claimed over the next few decades, especially after the California Central Railroad offered direct service to town in 1887. Land improvements made by the emerging merchant-farmer’s altered the economy by combing subsistence style dry farming of beans, wheat, barley, corn and alfalfa with high-value crops like nuts and fruit in addition to meat animals. The San Juan Capistrano area became a center for agriculture; cattle, sheep and a wide variety of produce were shipped to market by rail.

20th Century. In the early 20th century technological changes were instituted. These included a water distribution company, electrical power plant, telephones, paved streets and gas pumps. Most people continued to use coal oil for light and rivers for water. In the 1920s, major renovations of the mission under the supervision of Father St. John O’Sullivan commenced. At this time, numerous gardens were

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planted throughout the mission grounds and several buildings were repaired resulting in increased tourism. The Capistrano Unified School District was formed in 1920 and new schools were built. Agriculture continued to be the main business locally. In the 1930s the old grainery next to the railroad tracks was converted into a packing house for produce, car dealerships opened, a chamber of commerce was formed and a contract awarded to pave Ortega Highway. Some historic buildings in town were lost to fires. Subdivisions of homes were built north of the Mission and attracted new residents. At the end of the decade, a song titled “When the swallows return to Capistrano” was recorded and made the annual event famous nationwide. Interest in San Juan Capistrano’s past continued to grow.

The Club Hispano Californio spearheaded a petition in 1933 to return the street names to their original Spanish names and name new streets for local citizens and features. Spanish was still the dominant language in town. The 40s began in prosperity but the advent of war brought rationing and units were formed to watch for attack planes. After the war, the agriculture industry rebounded strongly and new businesses including pottery works were opened. New housing tracts were built for returning servicemen and their families. In addition, the Archdiocese purchased the former Plaza block across from the Mission entrance and the adjacent block across El Camino Real to ensure the character of the businesses facing the Mission. In the 50s, street lights were installed in town. The biggest change was extending the Santa Ana Freeway nearby. The increased number of tourists the freeway brought resulted in plans to market the town’s heritage. In the 60s controversy over control of the school district evolved into incorporation of the City of San Juan Capistrano. Population grew from just over a thousand residents in 1960 to almost 13 thousand by 1975. Both housing tracts and mobile home parks proliferated.

The last part of the century was marked by decisions affecting the future of the city. Ridgeline, agriculture and open space preservation were accomplished. Many new community facilities were constructed including a community center, senior center, sports park, community gardens, a new library and the historic town park. The train platform was extended to accommodate Amtrak and Metrolink trains, the train depot building was saved by reuse as a restaurant and the location of the old packing house became a parking garage. Also, the Mission parish constructed a new church to accommodate their increased membership.

Record Searches. A search for archaeological and historic records was completed at the South Central Coastal Information Center on April 7, 2010 and supplemented on April 4, 2011. Within the Revitalization Area, 19 cultural resources are known. Three of the resources have not been formally recorded including one building complex and two roadways. Four properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and California Register of Historical Resources. Twelve resources are listed on the City of San Juan Capistrano Inventory of Historic and Cultural Landmarks.

Within the Connectivity Area, 47 cultural resources are known. Four of the resources have not been formally recorded including two homes and two roadways. Thirty-one properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and California Register of Historical Resources. One resource, Mission San Juan Capistrano, is also a California Landmark. Eleven resources are listed on the City of San Juan Capistrano Inventory of Historic and Cultural Landmarks. Within the Repositioning Area, only

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one resource is known. This consists of a portion of the mission orchard wall and associated Juaneño homes.

Native Americans Consulted. The Native American Heritage Commission indicated that there are no known sacred lands in the vicinity. Eight Native Americans individuals or groups were recommended for further consultation. Two separate groups of Juaneño Mission Indians, Acjachemen Nation, responded. Mr. Jim Rivera stated that the tribe possessed information regarding their ancestral territory and wished to share this information with the agencies. Ms. Joyce Perry expressed concern about the sensitivity of the project area. In addition David Belardes, of the Blas Aguilar Adobe Museum, generously shared his knowledge of local archaeological sites and his collection of historic maps and photos of San Juan Capistrano.

Project Area Development History. The Revitalization Area is located in downtown San Juan Capistrano, roughly bounded by Mission San Juan Capistrano and Spring Street to the north, the railroad tracks to the west, and Del Obispo Street to the east and south. This area is just south of Mission San Juan Capistrano and was the location of the Plaza and early homes of Juaneño, Mission soldiers and settlers. It also included portions of several Mission gardens and orchards. Town lots were claimed under the Homestead Act in the 1860s-70s including the Plaza. The similarity of the town maps for 1875 and 1914 reflect the stable number of households (110-140). The major changes were the installation of the railroad in 1887 and the extension of Camino Capistrano past the mission to accommodate autos. Agriculture continued to occur around the historic core of the town as late as mid-20th Century. A large packing house next to the railroad tracks employed many. Subsequently population exploded from about 1,000 people in 1960 to 13,000 in 1975. Previous agricultural areas were developed for housing and businesses.

The Connectivity Area is situated to the west and to the north of the Revitalization Area and encompasses the Los Rios Street Historic District on the east side of the railroad tracks and both Mission San Juan Capistrano and San Juan Elementary School on the north side of Ortega Highway. The Los Rios area has homes as old as 1794 and also many relocated historic homes. San Juan Elementary School was first constructed in 1854 as a one-room adobe schoolhouse and education use of the property. The open lands around the Mission have been sold or developed over the years.

The Repositioning Area includes the area to the east and south of the Revitalization Area. It is bounded roughly by Del Obispo on the north, Interstate 5 to the east, Camino Capistrano on the west and commercial areas on the south. Mission orchards continued into this area and the majority of the area was used for agricultural until mid-20th century.

Survey. The 44-acre Revitalization Area was surveyed. Ground visibility in the APE varied from poor to fair, dependent on the density of vegetation, pavement cover and buildings. The project area consists mostly of pavement and buildings, but portions of the area consist of open space, such as the Historic Town Center Park, and bare, unlandscaped patches of dirt. The vast majority of vegetation in the project includes introduced species, such as grasses, eucalyptus trees, pepper trees, palm trees, citrus and bougainvillea. The terrain within the project area is relatively flat. All previously recorded cultural

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resources were either relocated or the site at which they existed was relocated. No new archaeological resources were observed during the survey.

Seven previously known historic resources were relocated. These were the Blas Aguilar Adobe, El Adobe Restaurant (the Yorba and Juzgado Adobes), Yorba/Garcia Adobe (French Hotel), Avila Adobe, Judge Richard Egan House, Esslinger Building and Santa Fe Depot (all described in Record Search Results). Since a systematic building survey of San Juan Capistrano has never been completed, many of these buildings had not been formally recorded on California Department of Parks site forms even though some are on the National and California Registers. Site forms including building records were prepared and filed. Primary numbers are pending.

In addition, 13 buildings of twentieth century vintage were more than 45 years old. These were the Provincial Building, Old Barn Antique Mall, Albert Pryor House, Ferris-Kelly Complex, Swallow’s Inn Building, Nick’s Café, Capistrano Trading Post, Camino Real Playhouse, Union Bank, El Adobe Plaza, Capistrano Plaza, Pedro’s Tacos and the Birtcher-Pacific Building. Site records were prepared and assignment of formal numbers is pending.

Evaluation. Five properties are listed on the California and National Registers and thus have already been determined eligible. These are the Blas Aguilar Adobe, Domingo Yorba and Manuel Garcia Adobes, Esslinger Building and the Santa Fe Depot. This report recommends El Adobe Restaurant and Avila Adobe as eligible under criteria 2 & 4; Egan House is eligible under criteria 2, 3 & 4; Ferris-Kelly is eligible under criteria 3 & 4; Nick’s Café is eligible under criteria 1 & 4; Provincial Bldg., Old Barn Antique Mall, Alberto Pryor Family Adobe, Swallow’s Inn, Trading Post and Birtcher-Pacific Bldg. are eligible under criterion 4. The Camino Real Playhouse, Union Bank, El Adobe Plaza, Camino Plaza and Pedro’s Tacos are not considered eligible.

Impacts and Recommendations. Two large parking structures are proposed near historic resources listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the California Register of Historic Resources. One is proposed north and east of the Blas Aguilar Adobe and a second is proposed in the backyard of the Domingo Yorba/Garcias Adobe. The parking structure proposed near the Blas Aguilar Adobe would not create direct impacts but requires consideration for indirect impacts. The visual impact might be decreased by lowering the height of the proposed parking structure, possibly by placing it partially underground, and/or screening it with native trees. The proposed parking structure near the Yorba/Garcia Adobe proposes to relocate a historic resource (barn) that is a contributing element of the Yorba/Garcias Adobe National Register record. This would create a significant direct impact to this historic resource. Alternative choices should be considered. No changes should be permitted to any historic structure more than 45 years old without prior formal evaluation by a qualified architectural historian.

In addition, new structures are proposed adjacent to historic resources listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the California Register of Historic Resources including the Esslinger Building and the Yorba/Garcia Adobe. The impacts cannot be evaluated without more information about the proposed structures but stringent design guidelines should be placed on such projects and should include evaluation of indirect and visual impacts.

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The proposed plan adds three roadways to connect between El Camino Real and Del Obispo. The most northern proposed roadway slightly north of Yorba would impact known archaeological resources including the foundations of former Casa Tejada (formerly joined to Blas Aguilar Adobe by a shared courtyard). The center proposed roadway would extend Forster Street crossing the edge of Historic Town Center Park and would impact known archaeological resources including the foundations of the former Burrell Adobe. The southernmost roadway might impact archaeological remnants of former Juaneño homes (see historic maps).

All proposed construction activities for new buildings and roads within the Revitalization Area and Repositioning Area have the potential to impact subsurface archaeological resources, both Native American and historical based on historic maps and previous archaeological work. Cumulative impacts of the total project would be substantial without a serious coordinated research design prepared a historical archaeologist with more than 20 years of experience and a specialty in Spanish Colonial archaeology. Piecemeal work performed in the past by a variety of contract archaeologists has failed to produce any meaningful analysis and thus the City is missing essential history. This research design and requirements of all archaeological testing, data recovery and monitoring should be prepared in advance of any work to ensure that the archaeological work truly meets the intent of CEQA by answering research questions rather than just collecting things.

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INTRODUCTION

PURPOSE OF STUDY

The purpose of this study was to determine the potential effects on cultural resources of potential changes to the Historic Town Center Master Plan area, City of San Juan Capistrano (the City), Orange County, California (Figure 1). The Historic Town Center Master Plan project site is located in the City of San Juan Capistrano in southern Orange County. The City encompasses approximately 14 square miles of land within the County. Cities bordering San Juan Capistrano include Mission Viejo to the north, Laguna Niguel to the north and west, and Dana Point and San Clemente to the south. The City is bordered by unincorporated County of Orange land to the east. Regional access to the project site is provided via the San Diego (I-5) Freeway, a major highway that connects Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego Counties, Ortega Highway (SR-74) that connects eastward to Riverside County, and by Amtrak and Metrolink passenger rail service to San Diego, Los Angeles and points north.

The proposed project consists of approximately 150 acres and is located in downtown San Juan Capistrano. The site is generally bounded by Acjachema Street to the north, the San Diego (I-5) Freeway to the east, Avenue La Paloma and existing retail to the south, and Paseo Adelanto to the west (Figure 2). Local access to the project site is provided via Ortega Highway (SR-74), Del Obispo Street, and Camino Capistrano.

Figure 1. Project vicinity map

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Figure 2. Project boundary map

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PROJECT DESCRIPTION

A full description of the project can be found in the EIR for the project. The one presented here is abbreviated. The intent is to ensure that the historic character and function of the Town Center as the civic and commercial heart of the City is preserved, enhanced and expanded over time. The Historic Town Center (HTC) Project consists of amendments to the HTC Master Plan and the City’s General Plan and Zoning Plan Code covering 150 acres in three sub-areas (Figure 3):

• Historic Town Center (“Revitalization” area) – 44 acres • Del Obispo Downtown Expansion (“Repositioning” area) – 42 acres • Town Center Neighborhoods (“Connectivity” area) – 64 acres

The Master Plan’s main focus is on the central “Revitalization” area where the majority of the land use changes are intended to take place. The intent of the “Repositioning” area is to enable its incorporation into Town Center district (see below) at a time when major reconstruction of these generally under-performing commercial properties is feasible and desirable. The focus for the “Connectivity” area is to strengthen the connections between those areas, the HTC and the City as a whole. The Master Plan intends to integrate these three planning sub-areas into a thriving and diverse Town Center District that includes bustling commercial streets, welcoming civic parks and plazas, new residential addresses integrated within the district, and attractive neighborhood streets to the north and west; all connected by a network of appropriately scaled and designed streets that accommodate a variety of travel modes.

The HTC Master Plan along with the proposed zoning implements the Vision Plan by providing guidance for redevelopment of the Town Center over time. The Vision Plan does not specify exact development and allows some flexibility in the plan to account for market conditions. For example, some of the “retail” could become “office,” and vice versa, while upper floor office could become residential at some point in time. The project may be developed in three or more phases over the next 15 to 20 years. The project as described here is a reasonable assumption of buildout assuming maximum conditions.

The project would allow for approximately 220,000 square feet (sf) of additional retail space, 140,000 sf of commercial/office space, 1,200 sf of religious use, 240 residential units, 214 hotel rooms, and 40,000 sf of civic use which includes moving the current City Hall to downtown. In order to create a more pedestrian friendly environment a shared parking / park once strategy will be implemented. A total of 769 net new parking spaces will be implemented with this plan.

The project area lies on the San Juan Capistrano and Dana Point USGS 7.5 minute topographic maps (Figure 4). The township, range and sections for each subarea are detailed below (Table 1).

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Figure 3. Project subareas map

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Figure 4. Project boundaries on topographic map

Table 1. Project location

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USGS 7.5’ Quadrangle Township Range Sections

San Juan Capistrano 8S 7W 6

San Juan Capistrano 8S 8W 1

Dana Point 8S 7W 6 & 7

Dana Point 8S 8W 12 & 1

PROJECT PERSONNEL

Sherri Gust served as the Principal Investigator for the project, supervised all work, and wrote most of this report. Gust is an Orange County Certified Professional Archaeologist and Paleontologist with a M.S. in Anatomy (Evolutionary Morphology) from the University of Southern California, a B.S. in Anthropology from the University of California at Davis, and over 30 years of experience in California.

Molly Valasik and Amy Glover performed the field survey. Valasik prepared the maps and Glover prepared the record search and survey results. Valasik has a M.A. in Anthropology and Glover has a B.S. in Biological Anthropology. Valasik and Glover both have experience in California archaeology. Further qualifications of Cogstone staff are provided (Appendix A).

REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

The proposed project is subject to state and local regulations. Information on federal laws is provided to assist with evaluating National Register properties.

NATIONAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION ACT OF 1966, AS AMENDED

The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) is the primary federal law governing the preservation of cultural and historic resources in the United States. The law establishes a national preservation program and a system of procedural protections which encourage the identification and protection of cultural and historic resources of national, state, tribal and local significance. Primary components of the act include:

a) Articulation of a national policy governing the protection of historic and cultural resources. b) Establishment of a comprehensive program for identifying historic and cultural resources for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.

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c) Creation of a federal-state/tribal-local partnership for implementing programs established by the act. d) Requirement that federal agencies take into consideration actions that could adversely affect historic properties listed or eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places, known as the Section 106 Review Process. e) Establishment of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, which oversees federal agency responsibilities governing the Section 106 Review Process. f) Placement of specific stewardship responsibilities on federal agencies for historic properties owned or within their control (Section 110 of the NHPA).

Section 106, as noted above (item d), requires the head of any Federal agency having direct or indirect jurisdiction over a proposed Federal or federally assisted undertaking in any State and the head of any Federal department or independent agency having authority to license any undertaking shall, prior to the approval of the expenditure of any Federal funds on the undertaking or prior to the issuance of any license, as the case may be, take into account the effect of the undertaking on any district, site, building, structure, or object that is included in or eligible for inclusion in the National Register. The head of any such Federal agency shall afford the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation a reasonable opportunity to comment with regard to such undertaking.

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

The National Register of Historic Places is the nation's official list of buildings, structures, objects, sites, and districts worthy of preservation because of their significance in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering, and culture. The National Register recognizes resources of local, state and national significance which have been documented and evaluated according to uniform standards and criteria.

Authorized under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Register is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect historic and archeological resources. The National Register is administered by the National Park Service, which is part of the U. S. Department of the Interior.

To be eligible for listing in the National Register, a resource must meet at least one of the following criteria: A. Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history B. Is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past C. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period or method of construction, or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction D. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in history or prehistory

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Effects of National Register Designation include: a) Tax incentives, in some cases, for rehabilitation of depreciable structures. b) Tax deduction available for donation of preservation easement. c) Local building inspector must grant code alternatives provided under State Historical Building Code. d) Local assessor may enter into contract with property owner for property tax reduction (Mills Act). e) Consideration in federally funded or licensed undertakings (Section 106, National Historic Preservation Act). f) Limited Protection: Environmental review may be required under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) if property is threatened by a project. Contact the local government planning agency for more information. g) Automatic listing in California Register of Historical Resources. Owner may place his or her own plaque or marker at the resource site. h) Listing in the National Register may result in restrictions, such as design review, imposed locally pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) or through local zoning and land use planning regulations.

CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT OF 1970, AS AMENDED

CEQA declares that it is state policy to "take all action necessary to provide the people of this state with...historic environmental qualities." It further states that public or private projects financed or approved by the state are subject to environmental review by the state. All such projects, unless entitled to an exemption, may proceed only after this requirement has been satisfied. CEQA requires detailed studies that analyze the environmental effects of a proposed project. In the event that a project is determined to have a potential significant environmental effect, the act requires that alternative plans and mitigation measures be considered.

CEQA includes historic and archaeological resources as integral features of the environment. If paleontological resources are identified as being within the proposed project area, the sponsoring agency must take those resources into consideration when evaluating project effects. The level of consideration may vary with the importance of the resource.

CALIFORNIA REGISTER OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES

The State Historical Resources Commission has designed this program for use by state and local agencies, private groups and citizens to identify, evaluate, register and protect California's historical resources. The Register is the authoritative guide to the state's significant historical and archeological resources.

The California Register program encourages public recognition and protection of resources of

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architectural, historical, archeological and cultural significance, identifies historical resources for state and local planning purposes, determines eligibility for state historic preservation grant funding and affords certain protections under the California Environmental Quality Act.

To be eligible for listing in the California Register, a resource must meet at least one of the following criteria: 1) Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history or the cultural heritage of California or the United States 2) Associated with the lives of persons important to local, California or national history 3) Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region or method of construction or represents the work of a master or possesses high artistic values 4) Has yielded, or has the potential to yield, information important to the prehistory or history of the local area, California or the nation

In addition to having significance, resources must have integrity for the period of significance. The period of significance is the date or span of time within which significant events transpired, or significant individuals made their important contributions. Integrity is the authenticity of a historical resource’s physical identity as evidenced by the survival of characteristics or historic fabric that existed during the resource’s period of significance. Alterations to a resource or changes in its use over time may have historical, cultural, or architectural significance. Simply, resources must retain enough of their historic character or appearance to be recognizable as historical resources and to convey the reasons for their significance. A resource that has lost its historic character or appearance may still have sufficient integrity for the California Register, if, under Criterion 4, it maintains the potential to yield significant scientific or historical information or specific data.

CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL LANDMARKS

California Historical Landmarks are buildings, structures, sites, or places that have been determined to have statewide historical significance by meeting at least one of the criteria listed below. The resource also must be approved for designation by the County Board of Supervisors or the City/Town Council in whose jurisdiction it is located; be recommended by the State Historical Resources Commission; and be officially designated by the Director of California State Parks.

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To be eligible for designation as a Landmark, a resource must meet at least one of the following criteria: 1) Be the first, last, only, or most significant of its type in the state or within a large geographic region (Northern, Central, or Southern California). 2) Be associated with an individual or group having a profound influence on the history of California. 3) Be a prototype of, or an outstanding example of, a period, style, architectural movement or construction or is one of the more notable works or the best surviving work in a region of a pioneer architect, designer or master builder.

Effects of Designation include: 1) Registration will be recorded on the property deed. 2) Limited protection: Environmental review may be required under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) if property is threatened by a project. Contact your local planning agency for more information. 3) Local assessor may enter into contract with property owner for property tax reduction using the Mills Act. 4) Local building inspector must grant code alternative provided under State Historic Building Code. 5) Automatic listing in California Register of Historical Resources. 6) Bronze plaque at site (underwritten by local sponsor) may be ordered through OHP; highway directional sign available through local Department of Transportation (Caltrans) district office.

CALIFORNIA POINTS OF HISTORICAL INTEREST

California Points of Historical Interest are sites, buildings, features, or events that are of local (city or county) significance and have anthropological, cultural, military, political, architectural, economic, scientific or technical, religious, experimental, or other value.

Points of Historical Interest designated after December 1997 and recommended by the State Historical Resources Commission are also listed in the California Register. No historical resource may be designated as both a Landmark and a Point. If a Point is subsequently granted status as a Landmark, the Point designation will be retired.

To be eligible for designation as a Point of Historical Interest, a resource must meet at least one of the following criteria: 1) The first, last, only, or most significant of its type within the local geographic region (City or County). 2) Associated with an individual or group having a profound influence on the history of the local area.

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3) A prototype of, or an outstanding example of, a period, style, architectural movement or construction or is one of the more notable works or the best surviving work in the local region of a pioneer architect, designer or master builder.

Effects of Designation include: 1) Limited protection: Environmental review may be required under CEQA if property is threatened by a project. Contact your local planning agency for more information. 2) Local assessor may enter into contract with property owner for property tax reduction (Mills Act). 3) Local building inspector must grant code alternative provided under State Historic Building Code. 4) Registration is recorded on property deed. 5) A small enamel directional sign (no text) available through local Caltrans district office. Owner may place his or her own marker at the site.

CITY OF SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO CULTURAL RESOURCES

Within the City of San Juan Capistrano, there are three basic categories into which significant cultural resources are designated (City of San Juan Capistrano 2011b):

1) A historic building, object or site is one which has been found to have significance to the community as a whole and has been officially designated on the Inventory of Historic and Cultural Landmarks by resolution of the City Council as being worthy of public interest and protection. 2) A historic district is a collection of buildings or sites which, although perhaps not all qualifying individually, as a group they have been found to have significance to the community as a whole and have also been officially designated on the Inventory of Historic and Cultural Landmarks by resolution of the City Council as being worthy of public interest and protection. 3) A building or site of distinction is one which is unique and of interest to the community as a whole and may be potentially historic. Due to perhaps age or alteration, some may not qualify for more formal designation and protection. Others may qualify for more formal designation and protection when the owner desires to have the building or site considered for designation.

The City has enacted Council Policies 602, 602, 603 and 606 all of which pertain to cultural resources. These can be accessed on the City’s website.

BACKGROUND

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ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

Located in Orange County, the City of San Juan Capistrano is situated approximately 55 miles south of Los Angeles; the city is bounded on the north by Mission Viejo, Laguna Niguel on the west, San Clemente to the south-southeast, and Dana Point on the southwest.

The project location is situated south of the confluence of the Oso Creek and Trabuco Creek; Trabuco Creek merges into San Juan Creek south of the project area. It is likely that creeks were more abundant during the prehistoric period, offering a flowing and year-round water source for human occupation and supporting a variety of wildlife. Modern vegetation in the project area consists mostly of introduced plants, not native species. The native plant community was coastal sage scrub (Rundel and Gustafson 2005).

The climate of San Juan Capistrano is Mediterranean, ranging from cool, moist winters to dry, hot summers; mild breezes reach the area from the Pacific Ocean, located southwest of the project location. Climate was similar in late prehistoric times.

PALEONTOLOGICAL SETTING

The project area is entirely upon sediments of Quaternary Alluvium and Colluvium (Morton and Miller 2004). These sediments are less than 10 thousand years old and were deposited by local creeks and rivers including San Juan Creek, Trabuco Creek, Oso Creek and Horno Creek. The sediments consist of unconsolidated silt, sand and gravel that incorporate material from older formations cut by the creeks. This formation is too young to contain fossils.

At variable depth below the surface, sediments of the Capistrano Formation are present. This rock unit consists of light brown to dark gray massive siltstone deposited 9-5 million years ago when the area was beneath the ocean. It has produced a wide variety of fossil marine life including whale, dolphin, walrus, sea lion, sea cow, shark, ray, fish and other animals and plants (Scott and Gust 2006b).

While not present in the project area, the higher areas adjacent consist of Quaternary Terrace sediments (Morton and Miller 2004). These are sediments deposited by older rivers and date 2.5 million to 10 thousand years before present. Within the city limits, a partial mammoth skeleton was recovered east of Interstate 5 and north of Ortega Highway (Scott and Gust 2006a). The mammoth was only about three feet below the modern surface. Other Late Pleistocene Epoch fossils are known from these sediments in Mission Viejo, Laguna Niguel, Laguna Hills, San Clemente, Dana Point and Foothill Ranch (Scott and Gust 2006b).

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PREHISTORIC SETTING

Approaches to prehistoric frameworks have changed over the years from being based on material attributes to radiocarbon chronologies to association with cultural traditions. Archaeologists defined a material complex consisting of an abundance of milling stones (for grinding food items) with few projectile points or vertebrate faunal remains dating from about 7-3 thousand years before the present as the “Millingstone Horizon” (Wallace 1955). Later, the “Millingstone Horizon” was redefined as a cultural tradition named the Encinitas Tradition (Warren 1968) with various regional expressions including Topanga and La Jolla. Use by archaeologists varied as some adopted a generalized Encinitas Tradition without regional variations, some continued to use “Millingstone Horizon” and some used Middle Holocene (the time period) to indicate this observed pattern (Sutton and Gardner 2010:1-2).

Recently the fact that generalized terminology is suppressing the identification of cultural, spatial and temporal variation and the movement of peoples throughout space and time was noted. These factors are critical to understanding adaptation and change (Sutton and Gardner 2010:1-2).

The Encinitas Tradition characteristics are abundant metates and manos, crudely made core and flake tools, bone tools, shell ornaments, very few projectile points with subsistence focusing on collecting (plants, shellfish, etc.). Faunal remains vary by location but include shellfish, land animals, marine mammals and fish. [Sutton and Gardner 2010:7]

The Encinitas Tradition has been redefined to consist of four patterns (Sutton and Gardner 2010: 8-25). These are (1) Topanga in coastal Los Angeles and Orange counties, (2) La Jolla in coastal San Diego County, (3) Greven Knoll in inland San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange and Los Angeles counties, and (4) Pauma in inland San Diego County.

About 1,300 years before present the Encinitas Tradition was replaced by a new archaeological entity, the Palomar Tradition, in southern Orange County and the interior south of the Mojave Desert. The Palomar Tradition is marked by a series of changes in the archaeological record, including bow and arrow, new rock art styles, settlement and subsistence systems, and perhaps ideology. Two patterns, San Luis Rey and Peninsular, have been defined with the Palomar Tradition. [Sutton 2011] The San Luis Rey component was originally defined by Meighan (1954).

PROJECT AREA CULTURES The latest cultural revisions for the project area define traits for time phases of the Topanga pattern of the Encinitas Tradition applicable to coastal Los Angeles and Orange counties (Sutton and Gardner 2010; Table 2). This pattern is replaced in the project area by the San Luis Rey

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TABLE 2. CULTURAL PATTERNS AND PHASES Phase Dates Material Culture Other Traits BP Topanga 8,500 Abundant manos and metates, many Shellfish and hunting important, I to core tools and scraper s, few but secondary burials under metate 5,000 large points, charmstones, cogged cairns (some with long bones only), stones, early discoidals, faunal some extended inhumations, no remains rare cremations Topanga 5,000 Abundant but decreasing manos and Shellfish important, addition of II to metates, adoption of mortars and acorns, reburial of long bones only, 3,500 pestles, smaller points, cogged addition of flexed inhumations (some stones, late discoidals, fewer scraper beneath metate cairns), cremations planes and core tools, some stone rare balls and charmstones Topanga 3,500 Abundant but decreasing manos and Hunting and gathering important, III to metates, increasing use of mortars flexed inhumations (some under rock 1,300 and pestles, wider variety of small cairns), cremations rare, possible projectile points, stone-lined ovens subsistence focus on yucca/agave San Luis 1,300 Decrease in the use of scrapers and Small game hunting and the Rey to 500 increase in the use of mortars and gathering of seeds and nuts, I pestles. Appearance of bow and especially acorns important. Some arrow technology, bone awls, small major villages, some focus on stone/shell ornaments, and perhaps coastal resources, inhumation in ceramic pipes, Obsidian Butte glass, early San Luis Rey I with primary pit and “recognizable” middens. cremation increasing late San Luis Rey I San Luis 500 to Ceramic pipes definitely present, Apparent adoption of the Rey 150 addition of Tizon Brown pottery and Chingichngish religion, primary pit II ceramic figurines, addition of cremation as the principal mortuary Euroamerican material culture (e.g., practice, no formal cemeteries, glass beads and metal tools). summer villages near water with winter villages in mountains, use of domesticated species from Euroamericans

pattern of the Palomar Tradition later in time (Sutton 2011; Table 2). Each pattern has subdivisions as identified by specific changes in cultural assemblages through time. Phases are identified by their archaeological signatures in components within sites.

Topanga Pattern groups were relatively small and highly mobile. Sites known are temporary campsites, not villages and tend to be along the coast in wetlands, bays, coastal plains, near-

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coastal valleys, marine terraces and mountains. The Topanga toolkit is dominated by manos and metates with projectile points scarce. [Sutton and Gardner 2010:9]

In Topanga Phase I other typical characteristics were a few mortars and pestles, abundant core tools (scraper planes, choppers and hammerstones), relatively few large, leaf-shaped projectile points, cogged stones, and early discoidals (Table 2). Secondary inhumation under cairns was the common mortuary practice. In Orange County as many as 600 flexed burials were present at one site and dated 6, 435 radiocarbon years before present. [Sutton and Gardner 2010:9, 13]

In Topanga Phase II, flexed burials and secondary burial under cairns continued. Adoption of the mortar and pestle is a marker of this phase. Other typical artifacts include manos, mutates, scrapers, core tools, discoidals, charmstones, cogged stones and an increase in the number of projectile points. In Orange County stabilization of sea level during this time period resulted in increased use of estuary, near shore and local terrestrial food sources. [Sutton and Gardner 2010:14-16]

In Topanga Phase III, there was continuing abundance of mutates, manos, and core tools plus increasing amounts of mortars and pestles. More numerous and varied types of projectile points are observed along with the introduction of stone-line earthern ovens. Cooking features such as these were possibly used to bake yucca or agave. Both flexed and extended burials are known. [Sutton and Gardner 2010:17]

San Luis Rey pattern groups demonstrate formation of major village sites along with small satellite villages. In Orange County, there was some focus on marine resources and settlement was primarily coastal. The San Luis Rey toolkit has mortars and pestles along with bow and arrow technology. [Sutton 2011]

San Luis Rey I phase reflects a number of changes including a decrease in the use of scrapers, occasional mortars with associated manos and pestles, the appearance of Cottonwood Triangular arrow points, bone awls, and stone ornaments, and the possible appearance of bedrock slicks. Conspicuous black midden appears also. Primary inhumation was common with primary pit cremation used more through time. It seems possible that the initial expansion of Palomar traits into southern Orange County could be reflected in the distribution of the Juaneño, whose ancestors may have been the initial San Luis Rey I people. [Sutton 2011]

The San Luis Rey II phase reflects important changes including appearance of Tizon Brown pottery, deep concave base Cottonwood points, small numbers of steatite shaft straighteners, and introduction of Euroamerican materials such as glass beads and metal knives. Other characteristics include an increase in bedrock milling features with mortars and slicks, and the appearance of cupule boulders and rock rings. Primary cremation in pits appears to have been

Cogstone 15 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural the principal mortuary practice. Locations of cremations were not marked and there were no formal cemeteries. [Sutton 2011]

ETHNOGRAPHY The affiliations of Topanga Tradition groups are poorly understood. They were replaced in the project area about 1,300 years ago by the Acjachemen (Juaneño) who were hunters and gatherers of the San Luis Rey Cultural Pattern. The Acjachemen speak a language that is part of the Takic language family. Their traditional tribal territory was situated partly in northern San Diego County and partly in southern Orange County (Figure 5). The boundaries were Las Pulgas Creek (south), Aliso Creek (north), the Pacific Ocean (west) and the Santa Ana Mountains (east). Villages were mostly along San Juan Creek, Trabuco Creek and San Mateo Creek. The two prehistoric villages nearest the project area were located just northeast of the project area and a short distance due north of the project area (O’Neil and Evans 1980).

Figure 5. Native American Traditional Tribal Territories

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In prehistory, the Acjachemen had a patrilineal society and lived in groups with other relatives. These groups had established claims to places including the sites of their villages and resource areas. Marriages were usually arranged from outside villages establishing a social network of related peoples in the region. There was a well-developed political system including a hereditary chief. Religion was an important aspect of their society. Religious ceremonies included rites of passage at puberty and mourning rituals (Kroeber 1925:636-647).

Houses were typically conical in shape and thatched with locally available plant materials. Work areas were often shaded by rectangular brush-covered roofs (ramada). Each village had a ceremonial structure in the center enclosed by a circular fence where all religious activities were performed (Bean and Shipek 1978:553).

Women are known to have been the primary gathers of plants foods, but also gathered shellfish and trapped small game animals. Men hunted large game, most small game, fished, and assisted with plant food gathering, especially of acorns. Adults were actively involved in making tools including nets, arrows, bows, traps, food preparation items, pottery and ornaments. Tribal elders had important political and religious responsibilities and were involved in education of younger members (Bean and Shipek 1978:555).

HISTORIC SETTING

SPANISH PERIOD (1769-1820) The earliest exploration of Orange County by Europeans was the land expedition of Gaspar de Portola. He set out from Mission San Diego to find a land route to the Bay of Monterey. His expedition passed through Orange County in northward (1769) and southward (1770) bound directions (Bean 1968:38). He named Trabuco Creek, Santiago Creek and other geographic features he encountered.

The seventh Franciscan mission in California was Mission San Juan Capistrano, founded in 1776; shortly after Portola’s visit to the area. The goals of the missions were tri-fold: they helped establish a Spanish presence on the west coast, allowed for a means to Christianize the native peoples, and served to exploit the native population as laborers. The Spanish also hoped each mission would become a town center, whereas, “the pueblo would receive a ground of four square leagues of land… and other property would be parceled out among the Indians”. The missionaries, or padres, would essentially serve as a mayor, or head of the town. [Bean 1968:29- 30]

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The original site chosen for the mission suffered from a poor water supply and by 1778, the Mission was moved near Trabuco Creek to the current location. The Acjachemen were reported to be friendly but wary (Hallan-Gibson 2001:173). Eventually many of the native peoples were induced to work at the Mission and become Christians. The process began slowly with only 24 baptisms, mostly children, in the first two years at Mission San Juan Capistrano (Hass 1995:17). A few adults requested baptism to gain access to knowledge and power. The converts were known as neophytes. The Acjachemen were permitted to elect a neophyte leader to liaison with the Mission fathers and soldiers. This was a practical matter since most Missions had two padres and a handful of soldiers. The native leaders were able to retain control of certain aspects of their communities; some long after the collapse of the mission system (Hackel 2005:228-229). In addition, godparents for the newly baptized were usually soldiers and their wives and the neophyte received one or more names from these godparents. This practice established bonds of responsibility between authority figures, the neophytes and their parents (Haas 1995:21).

A small adobe chapel, called ‘Father Serra’s Church’ was constructed by the neophytes at the Mission. Father Serra said mass in the church in 1783 when the native population of the mission was recorded as 381 persons (Haas 1995:23).The surrounding area was planted with vegetables, fruit, grains and pasture lands for livestock grazing; several shops, barracks for soldiers, and storage structures were built, encircling a large patio (Hallan-Gibson 2001:16). Eight ranchos operated under the auspices of the mission at this time, including one at Trabuco (Aviña 1976: 88).

Conversions accelerated from 1790 to 1812 as remaining Acjachemen were displaced from their lands by mission expansion. For example the mission herds increased from 8 thousand head to 27 thousand head in the 15 years following 1790 (Haas 1995:21). Native population of the Mission tripled from 1783 to 1793 (Haas 1995:23) and led to building of 40 adobe homes for neophytes and married soldiers in 1794; mostly south of the Mission (Hallan-Gibson 2001:173).

The mission is described in records dating to 1796 as counting nearly one thousand Indian neophytes living in or near the Mission compound and working the various farming, herding, candle and soap making, iron smelting, and weaving and tanning operations. Construction of the Great Stone church began in 1796 and was completed in 1806; the building measured 180 feet in length by 40 feet wide and included a massive bell tower that extended 120 feet tall (Figure 6). Four bells were cast between 1796 and 1804, and were used to summon parishioners to mass. Population continued to increase and in 1807 an additional 34 adobes were built forming a block of the town. In December 1812, a massive earthquake struck the area, causing the stone church building to collapse, killing forty neophytes. The sanctuary, a stone baptismal font, the vestments, several wooden statues, and a few candlesticks survived the catastrophic event. After the fall of the bell tower, the bells were hung in a low campanario, which remains intact to date. [Hallan-Gibson 2001:17-18]

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Figure 6. Mission San Juan Capistrano by John Gutzon-Borglum

The economy that developed during the Mission years was based on trading cattle hides and tallow for clothing, shoes, sugar and other goods the Missions did not produce themselves. This required large amounts of land for grazing the animals. Ships from the East Coast visited regularly and California hides were turned into shoes as part of the first American Industrial Revolution. [Beebe and Senkewicz 2001: 434]

MEXICAN PERIOD (1821-1847) Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 and the new liberal politics of the Mexican Constitution of 1824 were embraced by the emerging generation of Californios and Californias (persons of Mexican heritage born in California). Most of these young people’s parents were soldiers from Sonora and Sinaloa who had risen to positions of authority within the military. The opportunities for upward mobility for themselves and their families were significant. [Beebe and Senkewicz 2001:345]

Support for the Missions waned under the new political regime. A provisional emancipation proclamation was issued in 1826 promising freedom to neophytes who could demonstrate they were self-supporting and resulted in neophyte resistance to taking orders at the Mission (Hass 1995:38). In 1833, the Mission lands were appropriated (Secularization Act of 1833) by the Mexican government rather than being returned to the Native Americans. The Mexican government appointed a series of administrators to control the former Mission lands.

The neophyte alcaldes of San Juan Capistrano requested that the community be granted the land surrounding the mission which they had irrigated and were using to support themselves. The neophytes also established more than seven villages in the region. Legal title was never granted but formal protests of encroachment by non-Indians were lodged with the government by native leaders (Haas 1995:39). Throughout this period, Acjachemen remained socially networked to

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remaining villages and relatives outside the missions. The most common form of resistance remained flight to villages in the countryside (Haas 1995:41).

Californios from San Diego petitioned the government to open San Juan Capistrano Mission lands for their settlement. The Juaneño living in town, about 100 adults, were asked to vote on whether they favored becoming a pueblo. The town of San Juan Capistrano became an official Mexican pueblo in 1841 by a vote of 70 to 30. That year each Juaneño family received a house lot and a piece of land for agriculture, mostly in the eastern part of town. In addition, 40 Californios (including the petitioners from San Diego) received house lots and agricultural land. Most of these homes practiced subsistence farming utilizing the public lands for grazing animals and their own lands for crops while also working as skilled or general laborers. [Haas 1995:53- 56]

The presence of Acjachemen villages was not considered when the Mexican government granted large tracts of land around the pueblo of San Juan Capistrano. The map (diseño) accompanying the application for Rancho El Niguel noted locations of three Acjachemen villages as geographic features. All of the villages and grazing sites of the Acjachemen were encompassed within land grants by 1943. All grants were to former administrators or their relatives by Governor Juan Alvarado. The grantees were Juan and Concepción Abila (also Avila – Niguel 1842), José Serrano (Cañada de las Alisos 1843), Santiago Argüello (Trabuco 1841), and Agustín Olvera (Misión Vieja 1842). [Haas 1995:45-47]

After Pio Pico became Governor, he granted both Misión Vieja (1845) and Trabuco (1846) to his sister’s husband John (Juan) Forster, an immigrant from England (also other properties out of the immediate area). Forster and James McKinley purchased the mission itself for $710 at auction. The Forster family lived on the mission premises for approximately 20 years between 1845 and 1864 (Hallan-Gibson 2001:32). They permitted the Serra Chapel and one room for a padre to be used by the Catholic Church (Hallan-Gibson 2001:32).

Forster and other Euroamericans were integrated into Californio society through marriage (becoming Catholics, learning Spanish and becoming Mexican citizens was required prior to marriage to Californias). The wealth they brought with them enabled them to make land improvements and acquire business interests that began to reorganize the economy (Haas 1995:56).

Many of the early Euroamericans in California were merchants connected to the trade in hides, tallow and other goods. After the 1820s, American fur traders opened overland travel into California and were quickly followed by American settlers. California representatives of the Mexican government recognized the threat of unrestricted travel into their territory but did not have personnel sufficient to protect their borders. [Beebe and Senkewicz 2001: 355-357]

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In 1846, the Mexican-American war erupted following the Bear Flag Revolt in California. Both the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo in which Mexico ceded California to the United States and the unprecedented events of the Gold Rush that same year, destabilized California producing rapid, dramatic change. [Haas 1995:56-57]

AMERICAN PERIOD (1848-1899)

San Juan Capistrano served as a stage stop (located at the Miguel Yorba adobe along Camino Capistrano) and a supply point between Los Angeles and San Diego. The town’s location on the road to newly discovered gold fields in northern California led to rapid growth and many problems with rustlers and bandits. The Spanish-speaking town was attractive to Mexicans on route or returning from the Gold Rush and some settled in San Juan Capistrano. The 1850 tax role for San Juan Capistrano lists 21 Californio/Mexican names, immigrants John Forster and Manual Garcias (Garfias) and first names only of 12 Juaneño (Hallan-Gibson 2001:32-34 ).

By 1857, Camino Capistrano (west of the plaza) was lined by buildings. These included the home of the Valenzuelas, the block-long hacienda of Juan Avila, the home and store of Manuel Garfias (Garcia), the home of Domingo and Miguel Yorba and a building which served as jail, court and stage stop. El Camino Real (east of the plaza) was lined by the homes of Jose Canedo, Blas Aguilar and Jose Parra, the stores of Henry Charles and Michael Kraszewski and the home and store of shoemaker Tomas Burruel. [Hallan-Gibson 2001:33]

The census of 1860 reveals that San Juan Capistrano had 40 Californio households, 34 Juaneño households, 31 Mexican households, 8 European households, 1 Euroamerican household and 3 others (Haas 1995:222). In these households, 46 percent of Mexican men were married to Californias and Juaneñas and 20 percent of European men were married to Californias, 8 percent were married to Mexicanas and 4 percent were married to Juaneñas. [Haas 1995:74; 222]

The Juaneño were recorded in the census with Spanish first names only, the occupations of over 40 percent were not entered and, as a group, they owned only 2.5 percent of land in town and only 0.6 percent of assets (cattle, household items, etc.). Thirty percent of Juaneño households were headed by women who still lived on the plots distributed in 1841. Most of these women

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worked in the homes of Californios, did subsistence farming and goods production and cared for extended family members. [Haas 1995:61-63]

As the ranchos were broken up, the Juaneño housed and employed there were forced to leave. In addition, a small pox epidemic hit town in 1862-3 and more than 55% of the 227 Juaneño remaining in town died. A mass exodus occurred as the Juaneño fled to villages of Luiseño relatives to the southeast. San Juan Capistrano remained important to the Juaneño and they continue to move in and out of town for the remainder of the century for work, residence, family events and festivals. [Haas 1995:62-63]

The Catholic Church disputed Forster ownership of the mission and Forster’s claim was formally rejected. His family relocated to the Rancho Santa Margarita y Las Flores (deeded to Forster by Pio Pico that year). The Mission lands, amounting to 44 acres, reverted to the Catholic Church in 1865 and included the actual mission buildings, gardens and cemeteries. Thereafter, the Los Angeles based Landmarks Club began initial attempts at restoring the Serra Church at the Mission. [Robinson 1952:11]

In the late 1860s more settlers and farmers migrated into town. This included Richard Egan, Joel Congdon, J.R. Fuller, Henry G. Rosenbaum and John Daneri. A number of board and batten homes were built next to Mission era adobes in the Los Rios area. The 1870 census showed that San Juan Capistrano had 34 Californio households, 28 Euroamerican households, 25 Mexican households, 21 European households, 3 other households and 2 Juaneño households. Between the 1860 and 1870 censuses land ownership changed dramatically. Californios went from owning 79 percent of the land to owning only 28 percent. Euroamericans and Europeans went from owning less than 10 percent to owning 70 percent. Juaneños went from owning 2.5 percent of land to owning only 0.2 percent. [Hallan-Gibson 2001:44-45; Haas 1995:222]

In the 1870s more Europeans and Euroamericans, mostly merchants, settled in town. These included Bacon, Mendelson, Oyharzabal, Riverin and Sheehan. In 1875 San Juan Capistrano was formally surveyed for the first time. The original Plaza which had been community land until that point was claimed as lots by Jose Dolores Yorba, Max Mendelson and the team of Richard Egan and Jonathan E. Bacon. Mendelson also owned a large lot east of El Camino Real (now Historic Town Center Park) where he built an Inn and store in 1875. [Hallan-Gibson 2001:137; Tryon 1999:68]

Cogstone 22 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

Nine individuals, the Catholic Church and the State of California patented town properties under the Homestead Act in 1875-6 (BLM GLO; see record search section). The local economy was still based in subsistence farming. Mendelson’s store, for example, carried only boxed and barreled goods, ribbon, paper products, soap, candles, lard, coffee, tea and sugar but no local agricultural products (Haas1995:95).

Additional town property was claimed over the next few decades, especially after the California Central Railroad offered direct service to town in 1887. Land improvements made by the emerging merchant-farmer’s altered the economy by combing subsistence style dry farming of beans, wheat, barley, corn and alfalfa with high-value crops like nuts and fruit in addition to meat animals. The San Juan Capistrano area became a center for agriculture; cattle, sheep and a wide variety of produce were shipped to market by rail. [Haas 1995:96-97; Hallan-Gibson 2001:44-45]

Near the end of the century, a local movement to create the County of Orange was supported by Richard Egan, Los Angeles County Supervisor from 1885 to 1889 (Hallan-Gibson 2001:44 ). Egan was also active in the Landmark Club’s funding of restoration of the Mission in 1885 (Hallan-Gibson 2001:67).

20TH CENTURY PERIOD (1900-1999) In the early part of the century technological changes were instituted. These included a water distribution company, electrical power plant, telephones, paved streets and gas pumps. Most people continued to use coal oil for light and rivers for water. [Hallan-Gibson 2001:80-81]

In the 1920s, major renovations of the mission under the supervision of Father St. John O’Sullivan commenced. At this time, numerous gardens were planted throughout the mission grounds and several buildings were repaired. In 1925, National Geographic featured the renovated Mission and tourism increased [Hallan-Gibson 2001:87]

Capistrano Unified School District was formed in 1920 and new schools were built. Juaneño identity became politicized when some Euroamerican parents requested that all Indian children be removed from the new school district and sent to Sherman Indian School in Riverside. Then in 1928 the California Indians Jurisdictional Act to compensate Indians for lands lost to the United States was passed through the efforts of the Mission Indian Federation. More than 200 individuals in San Juan Capistrano registered as Indians. Some people registered only their children or refused to acknowledge any Indian ancestry. [Haas 1995:126-130]

Agriculture continued to be the main business locally. In the 1930s the old grainery next to the railroad tracks was converted into a packing house for produce, two car dealerships opened, a

Cogstone 23 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

chamber of commerce was formed and a contract awarded to pave Ortega Highway. Some historic buildings in town were lost to fires. Subdivisions of homes were built north of the Mission and attracted new residents. At the end of the decade, a song titled “When the swallows return to Capistrano” was recorded and made the annual event famous nationwide. Interest in San Juan Capistrano’s past continued to grow. [Hallan-Gibson 2001:87-104]

The Club Hispano Californio spearheaded a petition in 1933 to return the street names to their original Spanish names and name new streets for local citizens and features. Spanish was still the dominant language in town. A prominent member of the Club was Alfonso Yorba who wrote articles and prepared a map of Mexican period San Juan Capistrano based on the memories of his uncle (see Project Development History section). His perspective is demonstrated by the fact that his map identifies each Californio home by owner but identifies Juaneño homes only as “Indios”. [Haas 1995:126-130]

The 40s began in prosperity but the advent of war brought rationing and units were formed to watch for attack planes. After the war, the agriculture industry rebounded strongly and new businesses including pottery works were opened. New housing tracts were built for returning servicemen and their families. In addition, the Archdiocese purchased the former Plaza block across from the Mission entrance and the adjacent block across El Camino Real to ensure the character of the businesses facing the Mission. [Hallan-Gibson 2001:107-113]

In the 50s, street lights were installed in town. The biggest change was extending the Santa Ana Freeway nearby. While controversial, the increased number of tourists the freeway brought could not be denied. Ambitious plans to market the town’s heritage were implemented. The Mission also began restoration of the west wing, repainting of Serra Chapel and made other improvements. [Hallan-Gibson 2001:117-125]

In the 60s controversy over control of the school district evolved into incorporation of the City of San Juan Capistrano. Population grew from just over a thousand residents in 1960 to almost 13 thousand by 1975. Both housing tracts and mobile home parks proliferated. Several historic structures were torn down in spite of opposition and the same year the Orange County chapter of the American Institute Architects listed ten remaining buildings as eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. This renewed interest in local history. In 1969 the last vestige of agriculture, the old packing house next to the railroad tracks, burned down. [Hallan-Gibson 2001:126-137]

Cogstone 24 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

Amtrak and Metrolink trains, the train depot building was saved by reuse as a restaurant and the location of the old packing house became a parking garage. Also, the Mission parish constructed a new church to accommodate their increased membership. [Hallan-Gibson 2001:141]

RECORDS SEARCH

A search for archaeological and historic records was completed at the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC) on April 7, 2010. A supplemental search was conducted on April 4, 2011. The records search was performed for the project study area plus a one-mile radius. Sources consulted included the National Register of Historic Places, California Register of Historical Resources, California Inventory of Historical Resources, California Historical Landmarks, and California Points of Historical Interest.

In addition to the records at the SCCIC, a variety of sources were examined for information regarding the project area. These sources included historic United States Geological Survey topographic maps, historic United States Department of Agriculture aerial photos and Bureau of Land Management General Land Office Records. Finally, the City’s Inventory of Historic and Cultural Landmarks was consulted (City of San Juan Capistrano 2011c).

Within the Revitalization Area, 19 cultural resources are known (Table 3). Three of the resources have pending site records including one building complex and two roadways. Four properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR). Twelve resources are listed on the City of San Juan Capistrano Inventory of Historic and Cultural Landmarks (IHCL).

TABLE 3. PREVIOUSLY KNOWN CULTURAL RESOURCES IN REVITALIZATION AREA

Site Number NRHP/ (P-30-) Description Association IHCL CRHR early 20th C. buildings S. side El Peon Complex/Ferris-Kelly Ortega bet. Camino Capistrano & pending Buildings El Camino x El Camino Real (between La Zanja to original roadway alignment on pending Forster) east side of Plaza and Mission x Camino Capistrano (between Del original roadway alignment on pending Obispo and Ortega Hwy) west side of Plaza x Juaneño homes; later Mendelson 834 Historic debris Inn & Store Historic debris including bldg. materials, Mission ceramics and tiles, Mission garden; Juaneño home 1154 food remnants (1841-?); J. McCarty (1914)

Cogstone 25 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

Site Number NRHP/ (P-30-) Description Association IHCL CRHR 1173; Mission & European ceramics, bottles Juaneño home; Egan House 160360 and metal; discoidals (1883-1923) x Mission Garden wall foundation; 19th- Mission Garden; Mendelson Inn; 1215a 20th Century artifacts steak house; now vacant Acjachemen and Juaneño tools, ceramics and food refuse; adobe 1247a foundations Juaneño home; Valenzuela Adobe Juaneño tools, ceramics and food Pryor & Valenzuela Adobe 1247b refuse; wall foundation backyards early 19th century bone refuse pit; wall 1247c foundation Avila Adobe backyard Avila Adobe & pre-1879 1247d Avila Adobe; adobe foundations foundations x 1302 Wall foundation Juaneño homes Miguel Yorba Adobe plus Juzgado Adobe (justice court/jail) 1841+; joined by porch addition Yorba and Juzgado Adobes; Juaneño in 1910 by Vander-Leck; now El 1325 and Californio artifacts known Adobe Restaurant x 627, Adobe remnants, historic debris 1880- Tomas Burruel Adobe 1850+; 100470 1920 now historic town park x rail station; now restaurant; part 160120 Santa Fe Depot of Los Rios Historic District x Manuel Garfias (Garcia) home, store and hotel 1840+; later French Hotel then Oyharzabal 160127a Manuel Garcia Adobe home x x 160127b Domingo Yorba Adobe Domingo Yorba home 1830+ x x Juaneño home; Aguilar home; 160128 Blas Aguilar Adobe/Casa Esperanza now museum x x Streamline moderne medical 161915 Esslinger Building building 1939 x x

Within the Connectivity Area, 47 cultural resources are known (Table 4). Four of the resources have pending site records including two homes and two roadways. Thirty-one properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and California Register of Historical Resources. One resource, Mission San Juan Capistrano, is also a California Landmark (CL). Eleven resources are listed on the City of San Juan Capistrano Inventory of Historic and Cultural Landmarks.

Cogstone 26 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

TABLE 4. PREVIOUSLY KNOWN CULTURAL RESOURCES IN CONNECTIVITY AREA

Site Number NRHP/ (P-30-) Description Association IHCL CRHR CL Los Rios Street Historic District 28 buildings, mostly historically Los Rios Street Historic District; important homes, and one NR83001216 structure (Depot) x 1363; 160105 Rodman House Rodman home; now tea garden x 1399; 1900 Olivares home; now bail 160102 Olivares-Mesa House bond business x 160093* Combs House 1870s Combs home; now cafe x 160094* Della Ramos House 1918 Ramos home; now cafe x 160095* Ygnacio Soto House 1921 Soto home x 160096* Frank Velasquez House 1922 Velasquez home; now cafe x 1910 Lobo House; now beauty 160097* Clarence Lobo House salon x 160098* Railroad utility building 1920s x 160099* Cliff Blank House #1 1908 Blank home x 1946 Blank home; now 160100* Cliff Blank House #2 landscaping business x 1887 Labat home; now 160101* Pedro Labat House gardening education business x 160103* Stanfield House 1925 Stanfield home; now shop x 160104* Trulis House 1910 Trulis home; now shop x 160107; 160123 Rios Adobe Rios home 1794 to present x x 1900 building accessory to Rios 160108* Rios Adobe Utility Structure Adobe x 1900 Olivares home; now 160109* Victor Olivares House petting zoo x 160110* Olivares Accessory Building 1935 building x 1920 building accessory to Rios 160111* Rios Adobe Utility Structure Adobe x 160112* Oyharzabal House 1900 Oyharzabal home x Silvas home 1794+; now owned 160113* Silvas Adobe by SJC Historical Society x x 160114* Antonio Becerra House 1890 Becerra home; x 1920 Brown home; now 160115* Renal Brown House photography studio x 1890 Reyes home; now 160116* Belle Reyes House attorney’s office x 160117* Olivares House #1 1890 Olivares home x 160118* Olivares House #2 1890 Olivares home x 160119* Old Shed Rios Adobe accessory building x 1880 bldg. relocated to Los Rios 160121* Garcia/Pryor Residence area; now O'Neill Museum x x 1708; Multiple Juaneño and Californio Montanez home 1794+; now 160106 trash features; Montanez Adobe museum x x 1920 Yorba home relocated to 176991 Yorba/Love House Los Rios area

Cogstone 27 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

Site Number NRHP/ (P-30-) Description Association IHCL CRHR CL Los Rios Area early 20th C. Leck home; pending Arley Leck House relocated to Los Rios area x Forster home; relocated to Los pending Buddy Forster Residence Rios area x Los Rios Street (between Del pending Obispo and Mission) original alignment of street x River Street (within Los Rios pending District) Indian trail to Dana Harbor x 100126 Mano Acjachemen milling tool 100127 Metate fragment Acjachemen milling tool 100128 Metate fragment Acjachemen milling tool 100129 Scraper Acjachemen chipped stone tool Abalone shell, bottle glass and 100130 other historic debris Redeposited by Trabuco Creek Abalone shell, bottle glass, 100131 ceramics and brick Redeposited by Trabuco Creek 100132 Abalone shell, bottle and ceramic Redeposited by Trabuco Creek 100133 1893 quarter unknown Mission Vicinity Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe RR; Burlington Northern Santa 176700 Railroad Fe RR; Metrolink RR 600 Mission San Juan Capistrano Franciscan Mission 1776+ x x x 1190, 1191 Acjachema Village site prehistoric Acjachemen village pending Stroschein House early 20th C. Stroschein home x x Spring Street (from El Camino Real original alignment and name of 179861 to east terminus at I-5) street x 179862 San Juan Elementary School 1850+ school location * indicates number assigned by SCCIC as component of NR district; site records in process

Within the Repositioning Area, only one resource is known (Table 5). The mission orchard’s former location is noted with a historic marker in the Plaza del Obispo shopping center.

TABLE 5. PREVIOUSLY KNOWN CULTURAL RESOURCES IN REPOSITIONING AREA

Site Number NRHP/ (P-30-) Description Association IHCL CRHR wall foundations; floor and roof Mission Garden; modern agriculture; 1215b tiles; ceramics Plaza del Obispo

The records search determined there have been 29 previous cultural resource studies within the 44-acre Revitalization Area, 35 previous studies within the 64-acre Connectivity Area, four

Cogstone 28 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural previous studies within the 42-acre Repositioning Area and that 128 previous studies have been completed within a one-mile radius of the outer project boundary (Appendix B).

A search of the Bureau of Land Management General Land Office Records available on the Internet indicates that at least 10 individuals plus the State of California and the Roman Catholic Church had obtained land patents for the project study area between 1865 and 1892 (Table 6; BLM n.d.).

TABLE 6. BLM LAND PATENTS FOR REVITALIZATION AREA

Name Date Acres Section Township Range Manuel Avila & Joseph Morrow 1876 40 6 8S 7W Manuel Abila 1877 120 6 8S 7W Archbishop Joseph Sadoc Alemany, 6 8S 7W 1865 44.4 Roman Catholic Church 1 8S 8W State of California 1876 464.95 6 8S 7W 6 8S 7W State of California 1875 6461.3 1 8S 8W Joseph Morrow 1876 40.19 6 8S 7W Manuel Abila & Joseph Morrow 1876 14 6 8S 7W Frank Riverin 1876 160.68 6 8S 7W James Sheehan 1880 145.9 6 8S 7W Heirs of James Sheehan 1892 40.11 6 8S 7W 40.09, 39.17, Charles Henry & Thomas B. Valentine 1876 1 8S 8W 40.63, 40 Margaret Gohin 1880 160.72 1 8S 8W H.K.S Omelveny 1876 572.35 1 8S 8W Venacio Rios 1876 80 1 8S 8W

NATIVE AMERICANS CONSULTED

A Sacred Lands File search was requested from the Native American Heritage Commission on April 2, 2010. On April 27, the Commission replied that there were no known sacred lands within the project study area or within a 0.5-mile radius, and provided a list of eight Native American tribes or individuals to contact for further information (Appendix B).

Letters requesting information on any heritage sites and containing maps and project information were sent by post on April 28, 2010 to the eight Native American contacts. Two separate groups of Juaneño Mission Indians, Acjachemen Nation, responded. Mr. Jim Rivera stated that the tribe wished to share information with the City only. Ms. Joyce Perry expressed concern about the sensitivity of the project area. In addition David Belardes, of the Blas Aguilar Adobe Museum, shared his knowledge of local archaeological sites and his collection of historic maps and photos of San Juan Capistrano.

Cogstone 29 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

PROJECT AREA DEVELOPMENT HISTORY The Revitalization Area is located in downtown San Juan Capistrano, roughly bounded by Mission San Juan Capistrano and Spring Street to the north, the railroad tracks to the west, and Del Obispo Street to the east and south. This area is just south of Mission San Juan Capistrano and was the location of the Plaza and early homes of Juaneños, Mission soldiers and settlers (Figure 7; note “fringe” around adobes indicating Juaneño homes). It also included portions of several Mission gardens and orchards (refer to Figure 7).

As noted above (Historic Setting section), town lots were claimed under the Homestead Act in the 1860s-70s including the Plaza (Figure 8). The similarity of the town maps for 1875 and 1914 (Figure 9) reflect the stable number of households (110-140). The major changes were the installation of the railroad in 1887 and the extension of Camino Capistrano past the mission to accommodate autos. Agriculture continued to occur around the historic core of the town as late as mid-20th Century (Figure 10). Note the large packing house next to the railroad tracks which employed many. Subsequently population exploded from about 1,000 people in 1960 to 13,000 in 1975. Previous agricultural areas were developed for housing and businesses (Figure 11).

The Connectivity Area is situated to the west and to the north of the Revitalization Area and encompasses the Los Rios District on the east side of the railroad tracks and both Mission San Juan Capistrano and San Juan Elementary School on the north side of Ortega Highway. The Los Rios area has homes as old as 1794 and also many relocated historic homes. San Juan Elementary School was first constructed in 1854 as a one-room adobe schoolhouse and education use of the property continues (Stone and Triem 2006). The open lands around the Mission have been sold or developed over the years.

The Repositioning Area includes the area to the east and south of the Revitalization Area. It is bounded roughly by Del Obispo on the north, Interstate 5 to the east, Camino Capistrano on the west and commercial areas on the south. Mission gardens continued into this area and the majority of the area was used for agricultural until mid-20th century.

Cogstone 30 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

Figure 7. 1850s Town Map Figure 8. 1875 Town Map

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Figure 9. 1914 Town Map Figure 10. 1946 Town Aerial Map

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Figure 11. 1972 Town Aerial Map

Cogstone 33 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SURVEY

SURVEY METHODS

Cogstone conducted a pedestrian survey of the Revitalization project area on April 12, 2010. For the intensive-level survey, the two Cogstone archaeologists walked in parallel transects spaced at approximately 5-meter intervals within the APE, as feasible, while closely inspecting the ground surface. All accessible surfaces were inspected. The percent of ground visibility varied from poor to fair (0 to 50%), depending on the density of vegetation cover or hardscaping. Subsequently, a second survey for the purpose of recording historic buildings was conducted on July 25, 2011. Participants included Sherri Gust and Amy Glover of Cogstone, Jan Siegel and Ilse Byrnes of the San Juan Capistrano Historical Society and Teri Delcamp, City of San Juan Historic Preservation Manager.

To relocate previously recorded archaeological sites within the project area, Cogstone archaeologists used existing site forms, topographic maps, and available locational data. Every effort was made to relocate each of these sites. Resources were documented using a handheld Trimble GPS unit and digital photography. No cultural resources were collected during the survey.

SURVEY RESULTS

The 44-acre Revitalization Area was surveyed. Ground visibility in the APE varied from poor to fair, dependent on the density of vegetation, pavement cover and buildings (Figure 12). The project area consists mostly of pavement and buildings, but portions of the area consist of open space, such as the Historic Town Center Park, and bare patches of dirt. The vast majority of vegetation in the project includes introduced species, such as grasses, eucalyptus trees, pepper trees, palm trees, citrus and bougainvillea. The terrain within the project area is relatively flat.

Cogstone 34 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

Camino Capistrano, view to north

Figure 12. Photo showing typical low ground visibility

All previously recorded cultural resources were relocated or the sites at which they existed were relocated. No new cultural resources were observed during the survey.

The locations of all previously known archaeological sites within the Revitalization Area were relocated. Few surface indicators are present following modern construction activities but subsurface cultural artifacts or deposits may still exist. A confidential map of archaeological sensitivity has been filed with the City Historic Preservation Manager. Generally, the entire Revitalization Area is sensitive for both prehistoric and historic archaeological resources.

Seven previously known historic resources were located. These were the Blas Aguilar Adobe, El Adobe Restaurant (the Jose Antonio Yorba and Juzgado Adobes), Domingo Yorba/Garcia Adobes (French Hotel), Juan Avila Adobe, Judge Richard Egan House, Esslinger Building and Santa Fe Depot. Since a systematic building survey of San Juan Capistrano has never been completed, many of these buildings had not been formally recorded on California Department of Parks and Recreation site forms even though some are on the NRHP and CRHR. Therefore, site forms including building records were prepared, filed and primary numbers are pending.

In addition, 13 buildings of twentieth century vintage were more than 45 years old. These were the Provincial Building, Proctor-Stafford/Old Barn Antique Mall, Alberto Pryor/Librado & Florio Garcia House (behind El Adobe Restaurant), Ferris-Kelly Complex, Swallow’s Inn Building, Nick’s Café/Mexico Lindo-Vaquero West, Capistrano Trading Post, Pacific Bell Building/Camino Real Playhouse, Union Bank, El Adobe Plaza, Capistrano Plaza, Pedro’s Tacos and the Birtcher-Pacific Building. Site records were prepared and assignment of formal numbers are pending.

Cogstone 35 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

EVALUATION AND ELIGIBILITY

Five buildings are listed on the California and National Registers and thus have already been determined eligible. These are the Blas Aguilar Adobe, Domingo Yorba and Manuel Garcia Adobes, Esslinger Building and the Santa Fe Depot. Additional historic buildings are discussed in order of build date.

EL ADOBE RESTAURANT (JOSE ANTONIO YORBA AND JUZGADO ADOBES)

Originally this building was two separate adobes built circa 1830. The northern adobe was built and occupied by the Jose Antonio and Miguel “Chavito” Yorba family (Miguel was Jose’s son). The south adobe was the courthouse and jail used by Judge Richard Egan during his tenure. The jail, or juzgado, was a “jail stop” for prisoners going between Los Angeles and San Diego. The two jail cells are still extant (in the wine cellar of El Adobe) with original iron bars and carved historic graffiti. Oral histories indicate tunnels connected the Egan Residence with the jail and the former Forster Residence (Casa Grande, later Las Rosas; replaced now by modern Birtcher Pacific commercial building) that used to be east of the Egan House. The site was an overnight stagecoach stop for the Seeley & Wright stage line between Los Angeles and San Diego in the 1850s and later.

The Vander Leck family owned it in 1910 and joined the two adobes by creating a dining room between them. Clarence Brown purchased the site and made modifications to convert it to El Adobe de Capistrano Restaurant in 1946. Additional modifications include a kitchen addition in 1961, various repairs and minor modifications 1970s through 1980s and a re-roof with cedar shingles, termite repair and seismic adobe retrofit in 1991.

The restaurant opened on July 8, 1948, for the wedding of Camp Pendleton’s first Commanding General. The Fred Harvey Company purchased the restaurant in 1955, and it later became a favorite dining locale for former President Richard Nixon when he resided at the Western White House (La Casa Pacifica) in south San Clemente through 1979.

This building and associated parcel are considered eligible under CRHR criteria 2 and 4. The building has a long history of association with persons of historic importance including the Yorbas, Egan and President Nixon. In addition, the open/paved portions of the parcel have potential to yield archaeological resources that could contribute new information on prehistory and history. The building is locally designated on the City’s Inventory of Historic and Cultural Landmarks.

Cogstone 36 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

AVILA ADOBE

An adobe structures was built on the site circa 1825, used by Mission staff or neophytes as mentioned in the Mission building records and per archaeological investigations. Archaeological evidence indicates the Avila Adobe was built over or incorporated this earlier adobe.

This adobe was built in 1846-1847 as the residence of Don Juan “El Rico” Avila. It was known for its huge dimensions and originally consisted of 10 rooms. Its length was said to be 168 feet long and one of the rooms was reported to be 30 feet long. Avila received the San Juan Capistrano parcel when San Juan became a Mexican pueblo in 1841 and a U.S. government land patent in 1876 established legal ownership of the Adobe. The preserved well and cistern were used by Juan Avila to irrigate his orchard and gardens. Juan Avila was co-grantee of the Rancho Niguel Mexican land grant in 1842 (present day Laguna Niguel, Aliso Viejo, Laguna Hills and Laguna Woods).

Avila Adobe originally had 10 rooms, but only two remain as the northern portion was destroyed in 1879 by fire. Restorations were done in 1879 and 1941 with addition and remodel for three offices in 1963. The additions were removed and the adobe restored for adaptive re-use as part of the Franciscan Plaza Phase II commercial development in 1992-1994. The adobe is currently home to a retail store called Whim.

Dona Magdalena Murilla and her mother resided in the Adobe from 1883 to 1940 when ownership transferred to a Forster descendant of Juan Avila. The Adobe was then used at various times as the Orange County Justice Court from 1941 to 1953 and as a branch Orange County library from 1953 to 1963. The adobe remained in the Avila/Forster family continuously from 1847 to 1962.

This building and associated parcel are considered eligible under CRHR criteria 2 and 4. The building and parcel are associated with Juan Avila who was historically important in the immediate region. In addition, the parcel has potential to yield archaeological resources that could contribute new information on prehistory and history. The building is locally designated on the City’s Inventory of Historic and Cultural Landmarks.

EGAN HOUSE

The original home, known as Harmony Hall, was constructed 1883 for Judge Richard Egan after he had been in residence in town for 15 years. It was constructed from bricks unused during construction of the Marco Forster “Casa Grande” residence directly east. The building suffered a devastating fire in the upper floors in 1897, and was re-built with dormers in 1898 (Figure 13). The building was in commercial use by 1964 but converted back to residential again by 1966

Cogstone 37 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

when fire destroyed south porch; it was re-constructed to match pre-existing condition. In 1992 rehabilitation to convert home to art gallery was performed. In 1996 alterations for a restaurant, including wood shingle-clad kitchen addition at rear and modified stairs at front were made. The most recent use was retail but it is now vacant. Archaeological monitoring of utility trenches in 1988 immediately east of the house recovered many prehistoric and historic archaeological artifacts.

Figure 13. Egan House post 1898

Judge Richard Egan was one of San Juan's best known citizens for over 50 years. He was born in County Waterford, Ireland, in 1842 and brought to the United States at the age of 10 years to be educated on the East Coast. Egan came to San Juan Capistrano in 1868. He first lived in an adobe north of town and settled permanently in the fertile valley, planting groves of walnuts, eucalyptus and Lombardy poplars. From 1880 until 1884 he was a Los Angeles County Supervisor and instrumental in defining the portion that became Orange County in 1889. Egan was a respected elder in the San Juan Capistrano's community. He was first elected Justice of the Peace in 1870, the same year the telegraph came to San Juan and he became its operator. From then until 1890 his reelection to office was routine, whether or not his name appeared on the ballot. He became a director of the Santa Fe Railroad and their right-of-way agent for the

Cogstone 38 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural route to San Diego. Among his many accomplishments was his service on the local school board for 32 years, and his supervision of the repair of the Mission San Juan Capistrano, financed by the Landmarks Club of Los Angeles in 1896. He was also an Orange County Road Commissioner, appointed in 1910.

This building and associated parcel are considered eligible under CRHR criteria 2, 3 and 4. The building and parcel are associated with Richard Egan who was historically important in the region and in the City. Much of the original structure is present and has excellent integrity. The 1898 rebuilt portions are also present and have integrity. The parcel has potential to yield archaeological resources that could contribute new information on prehistory and history. The building is locally designated on the City’s Inventory of Historic and Cultural Landmarks.

PROVINCIAL BUILDING

One of the earliest commercial structures still extant in the historic downtown, Frank Forster built this two-story, red brick building for Mr. and Mrs. Carlos Romer in 1919 (Figure 14). The architects, the Los Angeles firm of Train & Williams, had earlier designed the Forster Mansion as well. The Romers operated a store and post office with R. Kelly (of the Ferris-Kelly Buildings). The building continues in commercial use.

Figure 14. Provincial Building in 1920s

The building is Italian Renaissance style, of masonry brick construction, common to commercial buildings constructed in the early 20th century. A heavy trowelled stucco finish has been applied to the front façade in modern times and, along with other modifications including changes to the

Cogstone 39 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural doors, has diminished the integrity of craftsmanship and feeling. Wood stairways extend to the second floor along the south façade and at the rear where wood decks and railings have been added. A walled patio for special events has been created at the rear of the building and a driveway along the south façade leads to a modern parking structure.

This building and associated parcel are considered eligible under CRHR criteria 4. The parcel has potential to yield archaeological resources that could contribute new information on prehistory and history. The building has local importance and is noted on the Buildings and Sites of Distinction List.

OLD BARN ANTIQUE MALL (PROCTOR-STAFFORD BUILDINGS)

These buildings were built between 1914 and 1940, most as commercial structures. The northern building of the modern Antique Mall is the former White Garage constructed in the 1920s and owned by Marco “Tom” Forster. When first built it was the only gasoline station in town. The southern portion consisted of a one and two story structure built as retail space for John Forster in 1927. The retail space was designed by renowned architect Paul Williams, who was the first black member of the American Institute of Architects (1926). The retail building saw use as a post office, a restaurant and a blacksmith shop over the years. The buildings have been subject to exterior renovations and the façade reflects both original architectural elements and added elements. The current Mission era appearance dates to the 1960s.

Figure 15. Paul Williams Designed Building

Cogstone 40 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

The buildings themselves have local importance but are not considered eligible for the CRHR due to extensive modifications. However, the associated parcel, including the paved parking lot to the rear, is considered eligible under CRHR criterion 4. The parcel has potential to yield archaeological resources that could contribute new information on prehistory and history. The building is noted on the City’s Buildings and Sites of Distinction List.

ALBERTO PRYOR/LIBRADO & FLORIO GARCIA HOUSE

This is a Craftsman style house located on its own parcel at the rear of the El Adobe Restaurant parking lot. Maria Refugia Yorba Garcia sold the property in 1903 to her cousin Alberto Pryor. The house was built as a residence for Alberto Pryor family members although the specific individuals who lived there are not known. It was built and remains on the site of the Garcia/Pryor Residence-O’Neill Museum’s original location. It was constructed sometime between 1910 and 1926 by brothers Librado (Lee) and Florio (Ben) Garcia, sons of José and Maria Refugia Garcia. The house is one of four known to have been built by the Garcia brothers, including two others in the Los Rios Historic District and one on La Calera Street. (Jerry Nieblas, Garcia family descendant, personal communication.)

Much of the Craftsman detailing is similar to the historic Yorba/Love House built circa 1920, which is verified to have been a Sears, Roebuck and Company home. The plan layout, roof plan and fenestration patterns of the Alberto Pryor House are very similar in appearance to the 1926 Sears, Roebuck and Company “Dundee” Honor Bilt house. The building footprint is the same as shown on the 1929 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map and the home retains integrity of features and materials.

The building has local importance but is not considered eligible for the CRHR. The parcel is considered eligible under CRHR criterion 4. The parcel has potential to yield archaeological resources that could contribute new information on prehistory and history.

FERRIS-KELLY COMPLEX (EL PEON)

The Ferris Kelly block was built from about 1925 through 1931. The land had been the town plaza, where fiestas and bull fights were held during the height of the Mission and Rancho periods (1776-1876). The Mission Garage opened directly across from the Mission in 1928. In the early 1930s, the first fire truck, provided by the State Forestry Department, was stationed there. Also, Ford and Chevrolet dealerships, which were really more garages than showrooms, were opened. Later this garage became the El Peon terra cotta pottery shop, and is now the location of a restaurant. The first hometown newspaper, "Coastline Dispatch", with Elario Hernandez as editor, was established within the complex as well. The first pharmacy in town

Cogstone 41 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural went in with a soda fountain at the Camino Capistrano corner in the 1931. This building is now occupied by Starbucks. The brown brick building attached to the pharmacy was built to house retail stores. It was vacant at the time of City incorporation in 1961 and became the first City Hall. It is now, once more, retail space.

Figure 17. Corner of Camino Capistrano and Ortega circa 1940

The Archdiocese of Los Angeles purchased the entire Ferris Kelly block of buildings in 1946 to ensure the respectability of the businesses facing the Mission. The El Peon building at 268832 & 26842 Ortega Hwy, consisted of a large structure has a concrete foundation and an arched wood truss roof. In about 1966, the building was renovated with a new stucco facade and an interior post and beam system to support the original roof trusses. The addition is wood frame with a stucco exterior and concrete foundation. The Old Pharmacy Building (21754 & 31752 Camino Capistrano, has arched window and door openings, a low terra cotta tile hipped roof and features red brick exterior walls on a concrete foundation. The repeated arch, with its decorative brick and stucco detailing, enhances the building facade. The brick retail building was constructed about 1925, and features brown brick exterior walls on a concrete foundation. The facade includes glass block transom windows and a light brown brick used for decorative accent. The roof was replaced in 1992. The entire complex was renovated in 1995-7 as the Mission Promenade by Richard O'Neill and Steve Nordeck, and included renovation of the two brick buildings, demolition of the former El Peon, and construction of a restaurant and retail shops on the east end of the complex.

This building complex and associated parcel are considered eligible under CRHR criteria 3 and 4. The two original brick structures are present and have excellent integrity. The parcel, including parking lot, has potential to yield archaeological resources that could contribute new

Cogstone 42 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural information on prehistory and history. The building is locally designated on the City’s Inventory of Historic and Cultural Landmarks.

SWALLOW’S INN BUILDING

Like the Ferris-Kelly Complex, the Swallow’s Inn property was once part of the Mission Plaza. This building was constructed circa the 1930s. Prior to that time the wood frame Tito Goodwin residence was present. No original building records are known but a portion of the exterior front featured heavy glass blocks (Tacy Lee, former owner, personal communication) similar to that of the Esslinger Building. The building housed a real estate office and other businesses. The building, including the front façade, was remodeled in 1967 to accommodate a bar moving from across Camino Capistrano. The bar was originally called El Traguito (a Spanish play on words meaning both little swallow and little drink) and became Swallow’s Inn.

The building is not considered eligible under CRHR criteria. The parcel, including the parking lot, is eligible under criterion 4 and has potential to yield archaeological resources that could contribute new information on prehistory and history.

NICK’S CAFÉ/MEXICO LINDO-VAQUERO WEST

A historic residence on this parcel was replaced, in 1938, with a two-story rectangular structure consisting of residential space on the upper floor and commercial space on the ground floor. Construction was simple and unadorned. A Monterey-style balcony was added in modern times and extensive modifications have occurred. The building was constructed by Nick and Canuta Arbonies who were Basques from the Navarra region of Spain. The ground floor had a bar, liquor store and soda fountain along with pool tables while the upper floor housed both the Arbonies family and rooms rented to other Basques. Nick’s Cafe functioned as an important social gathering area for local Basques and represents the last unique period of Basque immigration and settlement in San Juan Capistrano.

This building is considered eligible under CRHR criteria 1 and 4. It represents events related to Basque immigration, settlement and activities in local history. The parcel, including parking lot, has potential to yield archaeological resources that could contribute new information on prehistory and history. The building is noted on the City’s Buildings and Sites of Distinction List.

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TRADING POST

The original Old Mission Trading Post was built by Harry Oliver in 1947. It was built on the site of Fred Stoffel’s former San Juan Inn Café (first café in SJC) which had also served as Fred Cason’s movie house during the 1920s. The façade was changed in 1953 to the Western falsefront appearance it retains today. The building is not considered eligible under CRHR criteria. The parcel, including the parking lot, is eligible under criterion 4 and has potential to yield archaeological resources that could contribute new information on prehistory and history.

PACIFIC BELL BUILDING/CAMINO REAL PLAYHOUSE

The small front portion of the building was constructed in 1959 as the local Pacific Bell telephone office in neo-adobe style. A major commercial addition was constructed in 1967. Pacific Bell occupied the building until 1987, when the City Redevelopment Agency acquired it. The Playhouse has occupied it under a license agreement with the City since 1992. This building is not considered eligible under CRHR criteria.

UNION BANK

This bank opened as San Juan Capistrano Bank was constructed in 1963 in a neo-adobe style with stucco walls, tile roof and wooden pillars at the northwest corner of Camino Capistrano and Del Obispo. It was designed by Blurock-Ellerbroek & Associates of Corona Del Mar; William Blurock was later made a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects for outstanding contributions to the design and science of construction. This building is not representative of Blurock’s body of work and is not considered eligible under CRHR criteria.

EL ADOBE PLAZA

This shopping plaza was constructed 1964 consisting of two rectangular plan, side-gabled, single story buildings around an L-shaped parking lot and driveway. There were alterations in 1977 to move interior walls. The original neon directory sign was replaced with current monument sign in 2010 and the original concrete sidewalk was replaced with decorative pavers. The buildings are Modern Ranch style with Spanish and Craftsman influences. An addition was constructed in 1965 in matching style and consists of one rectangular building. These buildings are not considered eligible under CRHR criteria.

Cogstone 44 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

CAPISTRANO PLAZA

Located on the northwest corner of Verdugo Street and Camino Capistrano, this building was constructed on the former site of the demolished Mission Revival style Capistrano Hotel. Dr. Konstantin Sparkuhl constructed the current building in 1965 in a neo-Mission style with heavy stucco, arched entries and tile roof and opened it as the “Mission Wax Museum and Coffee Shop.” It currently houses various retail stores and a restaurant. The building was designed by San Diego architect Robert E. Jones, AIA, who was known for his Case Study House-inspired buildings; he also designed the Casitas Capistrano townhomes built 1964-1965. This building is not necessarily representative of Jones’ body of work and is not considered eligible under CRHR criteria. The parcel is eligible under criterion 4 and has potential to yield archaeological resources that could contribute new information on prehistory and history.

PEDRO’S TACOS

This building is located at the northwest corner of the intersection of Camino Capistrano and Ortega Highway. Built circa 1966, the building is a single story concrete neo-Mission style commercial building. The rectangular-plan building is clad in heavily troweled stucco, but features a flat roof. The patio was added later in time. This building is not considered eligible under CRHR criteria.

BIRTCHER-PACIFIC BUILDING

This brick building was constructed on the site of the former Casa Grande (home of Marco Forster) in 1966. It was designed by Corona Del Mar architects Richard Henry Pleger and Harold Bernard Zook as part of a package that included Bank of America and the fountain plaza north of the Egan House. The building is not considered eligible under CRHR criteria. The parcel, including the parking lot, is eligible under criterion 4 and has potential to yield archaeological resources that could contribute new information on prehistory and history.

POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

REVITALIZATION AREA

HISTORIC RESOURCES Two large parking structures are proposed near historic resources listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the California Register of Historic Resources (Figure 18). One is

Cogstone 45 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

proposed north and east of the Blas Aguilar Adobe and a second is proposed in the backyard of the Domingo Yorba/Garcias Adobe.

The parking structure proposed near the Blas Aguilar Adobe would not create direct impacts but requires consideration for indirect impacts. The visual impact might be decreased by lowering the height of the proposed parking structure, possibly by placing it partially underground, and/or screening it with native trees.

The proposed parking structure near the Yorba/Garcia Adobe proposes to relocate a historic resource (barn) that is a contributing element of the Yorba/Garcia Adobes National Register record. This would create a significant direct impact to this historic resource. Alternative choices should be considered. No changes should be permitted to any historic structure more than 45 years old without prior formal evaluation by a qualified architectural historian.

In addition, new structures are proposed adjacent to historic resources listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the California Register of Historic Resources including the Esslinger Building and the Yorba/Garcia Adobe (Figure 18). The impacts cannot be evaluated without more information about the proposed structures but stringent design guidelines should be placed on such projects and should include evaluation of indirect and visual impacts.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES The proposed plan adds three roadways to connect between El Camino Real and Del Obispo (Figure 18). The most northern proposed roadway slightly north of Yorba would impact known archaeological resources including the foundations of former Casa Tejada (formerly joined to Blas Aguilar Adobe by a shared courtyard). The center proposed roadway would extend Forster Street crossing the edge of Historic Town Center Park and would impact known archaeological resources including the foundations of the former Burrell Adobe. The southernmost roadway might impact archaeological remnants of former Juaneño homes (see historic maps).

All proposed construction activities for new buildings and roads within the Revitalization Area have the potential to impact subsurface archaeological resources, both Native American and historical based on historic maps and previous archaeological work. Cumulative impacts of the total project would be substantial without a serious coordinated research design prepared a historical archaeologist with more than 20 years of experience and a specialty in Spanish Colonial archaeology. Piecemeal work performed in the past by a variety of contract archaeologists has failed to produce any meaningful analysis and thus the City is missing essential history. This research design and requirements of all archaeological testing, data recovery and monitoring should be prepared in advance of any work to ensure that the archaeological work truly meets the intent of CEQA by answering research questions rather than just collecting things.

Cogstone 46 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

Figure 18. Potential future buildings for Revitalization Area

Cogstone 47 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

CONNECTIVITY AREA

There is no proposed construction within the connectivity area (Figure 19). On that basis, there will be no direct impacts.

Figure 19. Potential future buildings for Connectivity Area

REPOSITIONING AREA

The proposed retail development along upper Del Obispo Street would not impact any known cultural resources (Figure 20). The proposed mixed use and residential development along the southern portion of Del Obispo Street has potential to impact subsurface archaeological resources. Juaneño homes, the Mission orchard and other Mission facilities are known in this

Cogstone 48 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural general area from historic maps (see Project Development History above). The research design recommended for the Revitalization Area should also include the Repositioning Area. No impacts to historic resources should be implemented without prior evaluation by a qualified architectural historian.

Figure 20. Potential future buildings for Repositioning Area

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REFERENCES CITED

Aviña, Rose Hollenbaugh 1976 Spanish and Mexican Land Grants in California. Arno Press, New York.

Bean, W. 1968 California : An Interpretive History. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Bean, L.J. and F. C. Shipek 1978 “Luiseño.”In Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 8.California, volume edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 550-563 (W. T. Sturtevant, general editor). The Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Beebe, R. M. and R. M Senkewicz 2001 Lands of Promise and Despair: chronicles of early California, 1535-1846. Heyday Books, Berkeley.

Bolen, Jan and Sheree Ito 1998 Historic Homes and Buildings on Los Rios Street. Available online at http://www.sanjuancapistrano.net/los_rios/los_rios.html, last accessed January 31, 2011.

Bureau of Land Management n.d. Online Patent Search. Available online at http://www.glorecords.com, last accessed April 14, 2010.

Camp Pendleton n.d. A Land Rich in History.Available online at http://www.pendleton.usmc.mil/cpao/pages/about/history/index.htm, last accessed April 21, 2010.

Cleland, R.G. 1941 The Cattle on a Thousand Hills: southern California, 1850-1880. Huntington Library, San Marino.

Cowan, Robert G. 1977 Ranchos of California. Historical Society of Southern California, Los Angeles.

Fogelson, Robert M. 1993 The Fragmented Metropolis: Los Angeles, 1850-1930. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.

Hackel, S. W. 2005 Children of Coyote, Missionaries of Saint Francis: Indian-Spanish relations in Colonial California 1769-1850. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.

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Hallan-Gibson, Pamela 2001 Dos Cientos Años en San Juan Capistrano. San Juan Capistrano Walking Tour/Paragon Agency, San Juan Capistrano.

Hallan-Gibson, Pamela, Don Tryon, Mary Ellen Tryon and the San Juan Capistrano Historical Society 2005 San Juan Capistrano (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing.

Haas, Lisbeth 1995 Conquests and Historical Identities in California 1769-1936. University of California Press, Berkeley.

Juaneño Band of Mission Indians 2002 Acjachemen Nation Tribal Council.General Information about the Acjachemen Nation. November 2002, revised December 2002. Available online at http://www.Juaneño.com, last accessed April 14, 2010.

Kao, Kenneth 2003 History of Rancho Santa Margarita and the surrounding area. Available online at http://www.octhen.com/cities/rsm/rancho_santa_margarita.htm, last accessed April 13, 2010.

Koerper, Henry, Roger Mason and Mark Peterson 2003 Complexity, Demography and Change in Late Holocene Orange County. In Erlandson, J. and T. Jones (eds), Catalysts to Complexity: The Late Holocene on the California Coast. Perspectives in California Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.

Kroeber, A.L. 1976 Handbook of Indians of California. Reprint of 1925 original edition, Dover Publications, New York.

Mason, Roger, H. Hoerper and P. Langenwalter 1997 Middle Holocene adaptations on the Newport Coast of Orange County. In Erlandson, J. and M. Glassow, Archaeology of the California Coast during the Middle Holocene, Perspectives in California Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.

Meighan, C. 1954 A Late Complex in Southern California Prehistory. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 10(2):215-227.

Morton, D.M. and F.K. Miller 2004 Preliminary digital geologic map of the Santa Ana 30’x60’ quadrangle, California version 2.0. United States Geological Survey Open File Report 99-172. Digital preparation by K.R. Bovard and R.M. Alvarez.

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Office of Historic Preservation 2004 Highway 101. Available online at http://www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=22722, last accessed April 14, 2010.

Robinson, W.W. 1952 The Old Spanish and Mexican Ranchos of Orange County. Title Insurance and Trust Company, Los Angeles.

Rundel, P. W. and R. Gustafson 2005 Introduction to the Plant Life of Southern California. University of California Press, Berkeley.

San Juan Capistrano (City) 2011a Historic Preservation. Available online at http://www.sanjuancapistrano.org/Index.aspx?page=158, last accessed January 28, 2011.

2011b Understanding the Inventory of Historic and Cultural Landmarks (IHCL). Available online at http://www.sanjuancapistrano.org/Index.aspx?page=159, last accessed January 28, 2011.

Scott, K. and S. Gust 2006a Paleontological Salvage for the Ortega Ranch Development Project, San Juan Capistrano, Orange County, California. On file, John D. Cooper Archaeological and Paleontological Center, Santa Ana.

Scott, K. and S. Gust 2006b Paleontological Resources Evaluation and Mitigation Plan for the I-5/Ortega Highway Interchange Improvements Project, San Juan Capistrano, Orange County, California. On file, Caltrans District 12.

Stone, Mitch and Judy Triem 2006 San Juan Elementary School Primary Record. On file, South Central Coastal Information Center, California State University, Fullerton

Sutton, M. 2010 The Del Rey Tradition and its Place in the Prehistory of Southern California. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 44(2):1-54 2011 The Palomar Tradition and its Place in the Prehistory of Southern California. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly In Press.

Sutton, M. and J. Gardner 2010 Reconceptualizing the Encinitas Tradition of Southern California. PacificCoast Archaeological Society Quarterly 42(4):1-64

Tryon, Mary Ellen

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2002 A Guide to Historic San Juan Capistrano. San Juan Capistrano Historical Society/Paragon Agency, San Juan Capistrano.

Walker, Phillip L. and Travis Hudson 1989 Chumash Healing: Changing Health and Medical Practices in an American Indian Society.Malki Museum Press, California.

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APPENDIX A: QUALIFICATIONS

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SHERRI GUST Project Manager & Principal Investigator, Paleontology and Archaeology

EDUCATION 1994 M. S., Anatomy (Evolutionary Morphology), University of Southern California, Los Angeles 1979 B. S., Anthropology (Physical), University of California, Davis

SUMMARY QUALIFICATIONS Gust has more than 30 years of experience in California, acknowledged credentials for meeting national standards, and is a certified/qualified principal archaeologist and paleontologist in all California cities and counties that maintain lists. Gust is an Associate of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County in the Vertebrate Paleontology and Rancho La Brea Sections. She is a Member of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Society for Archaeological Sciences, Society for Historical Archaeology, the Society for California Archaeology and others. She has special expertise in the identification and analysis of human, animal and fossil bone. In addition, she is a Reader at the Huntington Library and is knowledgeable about archival research.

SELECTED PROJECTS Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project, Segments 1-3. Paleontological resources management plans, Phase I activities, archaeological and paleontological monitoring, artifact and fossil recovery, lab work, GIS mapping, multiple supplement survey and variance reports for construction of new electrical transmission facilities in Los Angeles and KernCounties. Project Manager and Principal Archaeologist for Cogstone’s work and Principal Paleontologist for entire project. 2007-9.

First Street Trunk Line Water Project. Archaeological and paleontological assessment and monitoring of installation of new water main in Los Angeles. Project Manager and Principal Paleontologist. 2006-9.

Opid's Camp. Archaeological Resource Damage Assessment for Locus 1 of Historic Archaeological Site (FS 05- 01-51-82) within the Camp Hi-Hill Historic District, Angeles National Forest, Los Angeles County. Project Manager and Principal Archaeologist. 2009.

Pixar Animation Studios Construction Stage 1 Project. Archaeological and paleontological monitoring of studio expansion, artifact recovery and monitoring compliance report in Emeryville, California. Project Manager and Principal Paleontologist and Archaeologist. 2009.

Irvine Business Complex. Archaeological and Paleontological Evaluation of business complex with recent high density housing additions in Irvine, California. Project Manager and Principal Paleontologist and Archaeologist. 2009.

Scattergood Olympic Line. Archaeological and Paleontological Assessment and Mitigation Plan for new 11 mile underground electrical transmission line in Los Angeles. Project Manager and Principal Paleontologist and Archaeologist. 2008-9.

Spring Trails Project. Archaeological and Paleontological Resources Assessment of 350 acre residential development with evaluation of previous work and Mitigation Plan in San Bernardino. Project Manager and Principal Paleontologist and Archaeologist. 2008-9.

Los Angeles Gold Line Metro Project including Historic Los Angeles Cemetery. Archaeological and paleontologicalmonitoring, testing, data recovery, identification and analysis, displays, curation and public presentations fornew light rail/subway project in East Los Angeles. Project Manager and Principal Paleontologist andArchaeologist. 2004-present.

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MOLLY VALASIK Qualified Archaeologist/ Cross-Trained Paleontologist

EDUCATION 2009 M.A., Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 2006 B.A., Anthropology, OhioStateUniversity, Columbus, Ohio

SUMMARY QUALIFICATIONS Valasik is a qualified archaeologist with both professional and academic archaeological field and research experience. She is GIS proficient and currently supervises digitizing and mapping at Cogstone with the use of advanced Trimble software. She has completed more than eight hours of paleontological field training and logged one year’s experience as a dual monitor for Cogstone.

SELECTED PROJECTS Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project. Archaeology/paleontology monitor, GIS specialist. Performed monitoring, survey and other duties as needed for installation of new electrical facilities in Los Angeles and Kern Counties. Participated in creating GIS layers for TRTP Segments 4-11 paleontological management plan. 939 hours on project. 2009

High Speed Rail Project. Paleontology field technician, GIS specialist. Performed pedestrian survey of roughly 59 miles, recordedsurvey area with Trimble GeoXH, produced weekly updates, and geo-referenced Dibley maps (geology formations). 135 hours on project. 2009

Wildrose Road, Death Valley National Monument. Archaeological field technician and GIS specialist. Assessment of construction activities on potential resources in Inyo County, requested by National Park Service. Performed five mile pedestrian survey identied previously recorded sites, recorded new site information with Trimble GeoXH. 58 hours on project. 2009

State Route 178 Widening Project. Archaeology field technician, GIS specialist. Caltrans District 8 highway project in San Bernardino County. Performed four-day archaeological pedestrian survey and relocated six archaeological sites. 37 hours on project.2009

Blessed Teresa of Calcutta Church Project. Archaeology/paleontology field technician. Construction project in Riverside County. Phase II test excavation units of prehistoric milling area, extensive pedestrian survey, and recorded spatial information with Trimble GeoXH to document prehistoric features present. 24 hours on project. 2009

Telecom Survey. (extension of Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project).Archaeological field technician. Documentedarchaeological sites, gathered GIS information, and produced maps for additional archaeological survey. Digitized and recorded sites and survey areas. 7 hours on project.2009

Körös Regional Archaeological Project, Hungary. Field and Laboratory Assistant with OhioStateUniversity and Kent State University. Worked with a team to excavate and process artifacts from an Early Copper Age settlement in Hungary. Participated in archaeological surveys of other possible Early Copper Age sites in the region. 2006

Sunwatch Indian Village, Dayton, Ohio. Field technician. Excavated a section of a Prehistoric Indian village for the Ohio State Boone-Shoft Museum of Discovery. Provided routine tours of the site to the public and museum board members. 2005

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AMY GLOVER Archaeologist/ Cross-Trained Paleontologist & Laboratory Supervisor

EDUCATION 2004 B.S., Anthropology (Biological), University of California, Riverside 2004 Archaeological Collections Management Internship, San Diego Archaeological Center

SUMMARY QUALIFICATIONS Glover has more than four years of archaeological experience in California, and knowledge in lab procedures, including the preparation of collections for curation. Glover specializes in historic artifacts, and has over 48 hours of paleontology cross-training.

SELECTED PROJECTS AND REPORTS Eastside Goldline Light Rail/Subway Project & Historic Los Angeles Cemetery. Archaeology/paleontology monitor, lab supervisor. Performed archaeological/paleontological monitoring, data recovery and field lab supervision, cataloguing, identification, and analysis of Euro-American and Chinese artifacts from over 150 human interments. Also co-authored the final report. 1,968 total hours on project. 2005-Present.

Santa Ysabel Ranch. Archaeology/paleontology monitor, lab supervisor. 200-acre land development in San Luis Obispo counting. Performed mitigation monitoring, artifact and fossil recovery, laboratory processing of prehistoric artifacts for curation. 967 hours on project. 2004-2005

Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project. Installation of new electrical facilities in Los Angeles & Kern County. Archaeology/paleontology Monitor for Segments 1,2, and 3. Also performed supplemental surveys, site record preparation, and co-authored supplemental survey reports. 470 hours on project. 2008- 2009

Rosedale Development /Monrovia Nursery Project. Mixed-use development of roughly 500 acres of land previously used as a plant nursery. Archaeology/paleontology monitor, lab supervisor. Performed cultural resources monitoring, recovery of artifacts, laboratory processing and preparation for curation. 345 hours on project. 2004-2007

Komar Desert Center Project. Development of roughly 18-acres for retail space and associated parking. Archaeology/Paleontology monitor and lab supervisor. Performed mitigation monitoring, fossil and artifact recovery, laboratory processing and preparation of artifacts for curation. Lead author on final report. 266 hours on project. 2007-2008

Pomona Valley Creamery. Redevelopment of the historic creamery into a new educational building on the Western University campus. Archaeology/paleontology monitor, lab supervisor. Performed archaeological pedestrian survey, excavation of three historic trash pits, construction monitoring and the identification, cataloguing and analysis of historic artifacts. Lead author on the final report. 225 hours on project. 2007

Malburg Generating Station. Construction of the Malburg Generating Station, a 134-megawatt power Plantadjacent to the City of Vernon’s existing Station A, natural gas and water pipelines, and associated lay-down and storage areas. Lab supervisor. Performed artifact recovery and analysis. 193 hours on project.

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APPENDIX B. ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES

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SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Report is missing from Unknown 01472 SCCIC Unk. Unk. OB Preliminary Report on Spring 1980 Test Excavations – CA-ORA- San Juan Anonymous 00524 855 n.d. Capistrano OB Historic Resources Technical Report, the ArleyLeck House (31601 Ganado Raod) San Juan San Juan Gregory, Tim 02425 Capistrano n.d. Capistrano OB Archaeological Monitoring for the SDG&E Pole Replacement (P23646) on Williams, Guadalupe Street in San Brian & John Juan Capistrano, Orange San Juan Cook 03857 County, California 2010 Capistrano OB Phase I Cultural Resources Study – Proposed Salt Brown, Joan C. Creek Enhancement & Patrick O. Project, Laguna Niguel, San Juan Maxon 03573 CA 2009 Capistrano OB Archaeological Resource Study for Mission Inn Hotel Project, San Juan San Juan Padon, Beth 03591 Capistrano, Orange County 2009 Capistrano CA Cultural Resource Monitoring for the Del Obispo Street Undergrounding of Overhead Utilities and McLean, Widening, City of San Juan Deborah & Capistrano, Orange Brooks Smith 03763 County, California 2009 Dana Point OB Cultural Resources Inventory and Site Assessment for the Lichtenstein, Proposed San Juan Robert J., Capistrano Non- Barry A. Price Domestic/Recycled Water Dana Point, & David H. Master Plan Update, San Juan Price 03765 Orange County, California 2009 Capistrano OB

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SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Cultural Resource Records Search and Site Visit Results for T-Mobile USA Candidate LA13107D (Tar Bonner, Farms), 28411 San Juan Wayne & Creek Road, San Juan Arabesque Capistrano, Orange San Juan Said 03790 County, California 2009 Capistrano OB Cultural Resources Records Search and Site Visit Results for T-Mobile USA Candidate Bonner, LA33480A (Mission Wayne & Basilica Church), 31520 Kathleen Camino Capistrano, San San Juan Crawford 03792 Juan Capistrano 2009 Capistrano CA Cultural Resources Monitoring for the SDG&E One-Pole Replacement Project at 31351 La Calera Street, San Juan Capistrano, Orange County, California (ETS San Juan Gardner, Jill 03852 8290) 2009 Capistrano OB Archaeological Monitoring of SDG&E Replacement of Andrews, Power Pole P28042, San Sherri & Jill Juan Capistrano, Orange San Juan Gardner 03853 County, California 2009 Capistrano OB Archaeological Monitoring for SDG&E Pole Replacements for Four Poles (P21050, P21458, P199334, P322303) in the Los Rios Historical Potter, District, San Juan Elizabeth & Capistrano, Orange San Juan Jill Gardner 03854 County, California 2009 Capistrano CA

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SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Archaeological Monitoring for the SDG&E Pole Replacement Project in San Juan Capistrano, Orange Willis, Chad & County, California (ETS San Juan Jill Gardner 03855 8770) 2009 Capistrano OB Archaeological Monitoring and Screening for the SDG&E Ortega Highway Gas Pipeline Project, San Juan Capistrano, Orange County, California (IO San Juan Gardner, Jill 03856 80058.000) 2009 Capistrano ReA Supplemental Historical Resources Compliance Report for the “Historic Resources Evaluation Report: State Route 74 (Lower Ortega Highway) Widening Project, Orange Sinopoli, County, CA, 12-ORA-74, San Juan Cheryl 03587 PM 1.0/1.9” 2008 Capistrano OB Supplemental Historical Sinopoli, Resources Compliance San Juan Cheryl 03588 Report: 086920 2008 Capistrano OB Cultural Resources Monitoring of the Peregrine Chapel Wall Restoration Project, Mission of San Juan O’Neil, Capistrano, Orange San Juan Stephen 03703 County, California 2008 Capistrano CA The San Diego Gas & Electric Company, San Juan Capistrano Sub- Station at 31050 Camino McKenna, Capistrano, Orange San Juan Jeanette A. 03729 County, California 2008 Capistrano OB Archaeological Monitoring Sandler, Jay of the Retablo and K., JoEllen Restoration Project, Ross-Hauer& Mission Basilica, San Juan San Juan Patrick Maxon 03346 Capistrano, California 2007 Capistrano CA

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SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Archaeological Investigations at Saint Margaret’s Episcopal School and Church, 31641 Delu, Antonina La Novia Avenue, San M. & Brooks Juan Capistrano, Orange San Juan R. Smith 03356 County, California 2007 Capistrano OB Cultural Resources Inventory for the Proposed Non-Domestic/Recycled Water Master Plan Update, Price, Barry A. City of San Juan Dana Point, & David H. Capistrano, Orange San Juan Price 03390 County, California 2007 Capistrano OB Archaeological Monitoring Report for the Little Hollywood Project, City of Mason, Roger San Juan Capistrano, San Juan D. 03413 California 2007 Capistrano CA Results of Archaeological Monitoring Services at 31852 El Camino Real, Historic Town Center Park, Garcia, Kyle City of San Juan H. & Marcy Capistrano, County of Rockman 03488 Orange, California 2007 Dana Point RA Archaeological and Paleontological Monitoring for the 18-Acre Valle Road Maxon, Patrick Improvements Project, San & Rachel G. Juan Capistrano, Orange Crews 03495 County, California 2007 Dana Point OB Results of Archaeological Monitoring Services at the Historic Harrison House; 27832 Ortega Highway, City of San Juan Rockman, Capistrano, County of San Juan Marcy 03505 Orange, California 2007 Capistrano OB

Cogstone 62 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Archaeological Monitoring Report, Junipero Serra Catholic High School Project, November 28, Mason, Roger 2005, to December 15, San Juan D. 03506 2006 2007 Capistrano OB Historic Property Survey Report for the I-5/Ortega Highway Interchange Improvement Project, City Dana Point, Mason, Roger of San Juan Capistrano, San Juan D. 03508 Orange County, California 2007 Capistrano OB Jones, Wendy, Kenneth Becker, Amanda Cannon, Tina Fulton, Mollie Archaeological Monitoring Gleiberman, Report, Junipero Serra Polly A. Catholic High School Peterson Project, November 28, &Seetha N. 2005 to December 15, San Juan Reddy 03512 2006 2007 Capistrano OB Cultural Resources Records Search and Site Visit Results for T-Mobile Candidate LA03596A® (Schriber Realty Center), Bonner, 32341 Camino Capistrano, Wayne H. 03690 Orange County, California 2007 Dana Point OB Diaz, Amy, Cultural Resources Steven Monitoring Report for the Dana Point, McCormick & Leck House, San Juan San Juan Sherri Gust 03348 Capistrano 2006 Capistrano CA Archaeological/Paleontolo gical Monitoring Report for the Ortega Ranch Mason, Roger Project, City of San Juan San Juan D. 03368 Capistrano, California 2006 Capistrano OB

Cogstone 63 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Cultural Resources Final Report of Monitoring and Findings for the Qwest Arrington, Network Construction Multiple Cindy & Project, State of California: Orange Co. Nancy Sikes 03373 Volumes I and II 2006 quads CA Archaeological Monitoring Report for Construction of J. Serra High School Athletic Facilities, City of Mason, Roger San Juan Capistrano, San Juan D. 03414 California 2006 Capistrano OB Cultural Resources Assessment TPM 93-129, Residential Development Project, City of Laguna Niguel, Orange County, San Juan Fulton, Phil 03644 California 2006 Capistrano OB Cultural Resources Reconnaissance for the La Novia Bridge Widening Project, San Juan San Juan Brown, Joan C. 03156 Capistrano, California 2005 Capistrano OB Cultural Resources Monitoring for the Downtown Lighting O’Neil, Program Phase IV, San Stephen & Juan Capistrano, Orange San Juan Nancy E. Sikes 03161 County, California 2005 Capistrano OB Phase I Cultural Resources Assessment of the 6.9-Acre Los Rios Park and the 2.6- Acre Little Hollywood Sites, City of San Juan Holmes, Amy Capistrano, Orange San Juan M. 03165 County, California 2005 Capistrano CA Report of Phase I Archaeological Assessment for San Juan Hills Golf Course Project, San Juan Dana Point, Demcak, Carol Capistrano, South Orange San Juan R. 03271 County, California 2005 Capistrano OB

Cogstone 64 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Archaeology Without Dillon, Brian Limits, Papers in Honor of D. Clement W. Meighan, San &Magalousis, Juan Capistrano: A Quarter San Juan Nicholas M. 03312 Century of Research 2005 Capistrano OB Cultural Resources Records Search Results and Site Visit for Cingular Wireless OC-0004-02 (Community Center) , 25925 Camino Del Avion, Bonner, San Juan Capistrano, Wayne H. 03362 Orange County, California 2005 Dana Point OB Records Search Results and Site Visit for Cingular Wireless Facility Bonner, Candidate SC-596-01 Wayne H. (Schriber Realty), 32341 &MarnieAislin Camino Capistrano, -Kay 02921 Orange County, California 2004 Dana Point OB Report of Phase I Archaeological Assessment for 0.94-Acre Parcel in San Demcak, Carol Juan Capistrano, Orange San Juan R. 03129 County, California 2004 Capistrano OB Results of Cultural Resources Monitoring for the San Juan Capistrano Dana Point, Mason, Roger Desalination Project, San Juan D. 03295 Orange County, California 2004 Capistrano OB Cultural Resource Assessment, Cingular Wireless Facility No. CM 277-12, San Juan Harper, Capistrano, Orange San Juan Caprice D. 03160 County, California 2003 Capistrano OB Archaeological Monitoring of the Historic Town Center Park Project, City of San Juan Capistrano, Tuma, Michael County of Orange, San Juan W. 03164 California 2003 Capistrano RA

Cogstone 65 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Archaeological Monitoring of Auger Borings in the Historic Town Center Park, City of San Juan Maxon, Patrick Capistrano, County of San Juan & Ann Hoover 02429 Orange, California 2002 Capistrano RA Results of Monitoring the Alipaz Phase I and Phase II Project, San Juan Capistrano, Orange Anonymous 02454 County, California 2002 Dana Point OB Report of Archaeological and Paleontological Monitoring for FCPP Pipeline Relocation, Rancho Mission Viejo, Demcak, Carol South Orange County, San Juan R. 03155 California 2002 Capistrano OB Cultural Resources Literature and Record Review, and Reconnaissance for the Capistrano Valley Water District Domestic, Non- Domestic, and Brackish Brown, Joan C. 02215 Water Wells Project 2001 Dana Point OB Archaeological Monitoring of Storm Drain Trenching for the Saddleback Valley Christian School, San Juan Miller, Jason Capistrano, Orange San Juan A. 02290 County, California 2001 Capistrano OB American Towers Corporation Cellular Communications Site, 27174 Ortega Highway, San Juan White, Elaine 02430 San Juan Capistrano, CA 2001 Capistrano OB Koerper, Results of Data Recovery Henry C. & at CA-ORA-855, San Juan Roger D. Capistrano, Orange San Juan Mason 02634 County, California 2001 Capistrano OB

Cogstone 66 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Cultural Resources Reconnaissance for the Vereda Bikeway Undercrossing, City of San Hoover, Anna Juan Capistrano, County of M. 02871 Orange, California 2001 Dana Point OB Archaeological and Paleontological Monitoring for Saddleback Christian Hoover, Anna School Located on Oso M. & Sherri Road, San Juan Capistrano, San Juan M. Gust 03162 Orange County, California 2001 Capistrano OB Cultural Resource Assessment for Pacific Bell Wireless Facility CM 277- Dana Point, 04, County of Orange, San Juan Lapin, Philippe 02090 California 2000 Capistrano OB Archaeological and Paleontological Monitoring for the Village Alipaz Project, San Juan Capistrano, Orange Brown, Joan C. 02093 County, California 2000 Dana Point OB Archaeological Monitoring and Mitigation for the John Trujill Project at 31875 McCormick, Los Rios Street, San Juan San Juan Steven 02155 Capistrano 2000 Capistrano CA Archaeological Monitoring for the “Little Hollywood” Project, San Juan San Juan Brown, Joan C. 02156 Capistrano, Orange County 2000 Capistrano OB Cultural Resources Reconnaissance for William Lyon Homes, Inc., 130 Lot Project, San Juan Miller, Jason Capistrano, Orange San Juan A. 02304 County, California 2000 Capistrano OB

Cogstone 67 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Archaeological Survey of an Approximately 99 Acre Parcel at the Northeast Quadrant of Interstate 5 and Ortega Highway Koerper, (Romarco/Honeyman San Juan Henry C. 01913 Property) 1999 Capistrano OB Final Report, Historic Town Center Park Archaeology – Identification and Preservation of Mission Vargas, Structural Remains: Benjamin R. & Avoidance Planning for the Michael E. City Christmas Tree, San San Juan Macko 01681 Juan Capistrano, California 1998 Capistrano RA Archaeological Site Survey and Assessment Drover, Saddleback Valley Christopher E. Christian School, San Juan & David Smith 02011 Capistrano 1998 Dana Point OB Archaeological Evaluation Report for CA-ORA-855 on the 293 Acre Property South and East of the Koerper, Intersection of Camino Henry C. & Capistrano and Junipero Roger D. Serra Road, San Juan San Juan Mason 03163 Capistrano, California 1998 Capistrano OB Cultural Resources Monitoring of Trench Along Portions of Verdugo and Los Rios Streets, San Dana Point, Bissell, Ronald Juan Capistrano, Orange San Juan M. 01562 County 1997 Capistrano CA Report on Archaeological Monitoring of Conduit Trenching at the Historic Brock, James Town Center, San Juan San Juan P. 01601 Capistrano, California 1997 Capistrano RA

Cogstone 68 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location San Joaquin Hills Transportation Corridor Dana Point, Results of Construction Laguna Monitoring for Beach, San Mason, Roger Archaeological Resources Juan D. &Brechbiel, Mitigation Monitoring Capistrano, Brant A. 01717 Measures 11-1 1997 Tustin OB Report on Archaeological Monitoring for the Pacific Bell Portion of Brock, James Underground Utility & Brenda D. District No. 95-01, San San Juan Smith 01470 Juan Capistrano, California 1996 Capistrano RA Brock, James P., William A. Sawyer, Brenda D. Archaeology of the Juan Smith, John F. Avila Adobe, San Juan Elliott & Mark Capistrano, California San Juan A. Roeder 01569 (Franciscan Plaza Phase II) 1996 Capistrano RA Vargas, Benjamin R., William Archaeological Monitoring Hayden, Jeff of CA-ORA-600H Within Couch, Kevin the Mission Promenade Buffington & Development, City of San Michael E. Juan Capistrano, Orange San Juan Macko 01580 County, California 1996 Capistrano CA Report on Arcaheological Monitoring for the San Diego Gas and Electric Portion of Underground Brock, James Utility District No. 95-01, P. & Brenda D. San Juan Capistrano, San Juan Smith 01817 California 1996 Capistrano RA Cultural Resources Monitoring Report for the Cutrone, North R&D Site Interim Daniel & Grading Project in San Deborah, Juan Capistrano, County of McLean 01820 Orange, California 1996 Dana Point OB

Cogstone 69 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Supplemental Test Excavation for the Historic Town Center Project, San Brock, James Juan Capistrano: The Love P. & Brenda D. House and Mini Park San Juan Smith 01853 Properties 1996 Capistrano RA Report on Archaeological Monitoring of Trenching for Parking Light Installation at the Depot, Brock, James San Juan Capistrano, San Juan P. 01854 California 1996 Capistrano RA Report on Archaeological Monitoring of Sparge Point Drilling at Arco Station 1706, 26851 Ortega Brock, James Highway, San Juan San Juan P. 01412 Capistrano, California 1995 Capistrano RA An Archaeological Assessment of the 12.98 Acre Corian Cross Manufacturing and Assembly Plant Project (APN 650-111-016), Located Adjacent to Rancho Viejo Road in the City of San Juan White, Robert Capistrano, County of San Juan S. 01483 Orange 1995 Capistrano OB Archaeological Monitoring at 31911 Los Rios Street, San Juan Capistrano, Brown, Joan C. 01496 California 1995 Dana Point CA Archaeological Monitoring and Architectural Evaluation of the Love House Move, City of San Slawson, Dana Juan Capistrano, Orange San Juan N. 01553 County 1995 Capistrano RA Results of Archaeological Monitoring at the Sports Schmidt, Park Complex, City of San James J. 01821 Juan Capistrano 1995 Dana Point OB

Cogstone 70 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Monitoring Report by Selverston, Mark D. Selverston, Staff San Juan Mark D. 01848 Archaeologist 1995 Capistrano RA Archaeological Monitoring at 31791 Los Rios Street, Brown, Joan San Juan Capistrano, San Juan D. 01852 California 1995 Capistrano CA An Archaeological Assessment of the 1.7-Acre Tutor Time Day Care Center Project (APN 666- 042-007), Located Adjacent to San Juan Creek Road in the City of White, Robert San Juan Capistrano, San Juan S. 01874 County of Orange 1995 Capistrano OB Report on Archaeological Monitoring for Portions of Brock, James the Metrolink Project, San San Juan P. 01363 Juan Capistrano, California 1994 Capistrano CA Campbell, Scott, Carol Schultze, Jeffery Archaeological Monitoring Skiles& Dana of the El Horno Parking San Juan Slawson 01390 Lot 1994 Capistrano OB Arcaheological Monitoring of the Parking Lot at the Historic Town Center, City San Juan Schultze, Carol 01391 of San Juan Capistrano 1994 Capistrano RA Arcaheological Monitoring of a Fiber Optic Cable Landis, Daniel Installation Along Camino G., Richard Capistrano in the City of Cerreto& San Juan Capistrano, San Juan Arturo Ruelas 01397 Orange County, California 1994 Capistrano OB Report on Archaeological Monitoring of Landscaping Activities at the Provinicial Building, 31815 Camino Brock, James Capistrano, San Juan San Juan P. 01410 Capistrano, California 1994 Capistrano RA

Cogstone 71 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Grading Monitoring Report, Archaeology and History MCI Trenching Bonner, Project, San Juan Dana Point, Wayne H. & Capistrano, Orange San Juan David Hocking 01869 County, California 1994 Capistrano OB Results of Archaeological Monitoring: Mobile Home Skiles, Jeffery Placement at 26510-A San Juan C. 01246 Mission Street 1993 Capistrano OB Report on Archaeological Monitoring of Utility Trenching for the Community Christian Church Redevelopment, Brock, James City of San Juan San Juan P. 01249 Capistrano, California 1993 Capistrano OB Report on Archaeological Monitoring of Vapor Extraction Trenches at the Unocal Station, 27164 Brock, James Ortega Highway, San Juan San Juan P. 01277 Capistrano, California 1993 Capistrano OB Results of Archaeological Monitoring: Gas Pipeline Skiles, Jefferey Trench for 26510-A San Juan C. 01300 Mission Street 1993 Capistrano OB Archeological Monitoring of Drilling at Depot Skiles, Jefferey Parking Lot, San Juan San Juan C. 01320 Capistrano, California 1993 Capistrano RA Archaeological Monitoring of Test Boring at Depot Slawson, Dana Parking Lot, San Juan San Juan N. 01325 Capistrano, California 1993 Capistrano RA Archaeological Monitoring of Test Boring for Sewer Crossing of Trabuco Slawson, Dana Creek, San Juan San Juan N. 01326 Capistrano, California 1993 Capistrano OB

Cogstone 72 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Archaeological Monitoring of Excavation for Proposed Railroad Passenger Loading and Waiting Slawson, Dana Platform, San Juan San Juan N. 01345 Capistrano, California 1993 Capistrano RA Archaeological Survey Dana Point, Report, Historic Sites Laguna McKenna, Addendum, San Joaquin Beach, San Jeanette A. & Hills Transportation Juan Phillip De Corridor 12-ORA-73 12- Capistrano, Barros 01350 102540 1993 Tustin OB Dana Point, Laguna McKenna, Historic Study Report San Beach, San Jeanette A. & Joaquin Hills Juan Phillip De Transportation Corridor Capistrano, Barros 01351 12-ORA-73 12-102540 1993 Tustin OB Results of Monitoring at Western Parcel Historic Dana Point, Skiles, Jefferey Town Center, San Juan San Juan C. 01358 Capistrano 1993 Capistrano RA Report on Archaeological Monitoring for Stair Replacement at the Provincial Building, 31815 Brock, James Camino Capistrano, San San Juan P. 01362 Juan Capistrano, California 1993 Capistrano RA Cultural Resources Investigations Within the Proposed Realignment Right-Of-Way for the Existing A.T. & S.F. Railroad Alignment, San McKenna, Juan Capistrano, Orange San Juan Jeanette A. 01726 County, California 1993 Capistrano OB Report on Archaeological Monitoring of Two Pacific Brock, James Bell Projects in the City of San Juan P. 01177 San Juan Capistrano 1992 Capistrano CA

Cogstone 73 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Cultural Resource Investigation of a Lot East of the Intersection of El Camino Real and El Horno Street, San Juan Schmidt, Capistrano, Orange San Juan James J. 01180 County, California 1992 Capistrano OB Results of Supplemental Archaeological Monitoring of Groundwater Well Borings for Arco Station Macko, 1706, City of San Juan San Juan Michael E. 01191 Capistrano, California 1992 Capistrano RA Pre-Test Phase I Report: Joint Archaeological and Conservation Project Preliminary Report: A Portion of Work in Magalousis, Association with Current Nicholas M., Preservation Studies, Harry Archaeological Excavation Francisco & of Two Areas Located on Dolores the San Juan Capistrano San Juan Schiffert 01195 Mission Grounds Section 1992 Capistrano CA Cultural Resource Investigation at the Schmidt, Intersection of Verdugo San Juan James J. 01201 and Los Rios Streets 1992 Capistrano CA Archaeology of the Community Christian Brock, James Church Property, San Juan San Juan P. 01211 Capistrano, California 1992 Capistrano OB A Supplement to a Report Titled Cultural Resources Reconnaissance of Ten Areas for Possible Park Locations, City of San Juan Bissell, Ronald Capistrano, Orange San Juan M. 01215 County, California 1992 Capistrano CA

Cogstone 74 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Archaeological Monitoring for Trenching by Southern California Gas Company, 31612 El Camino Real, San Juan Capistrano, San Juan Brown, Joan C. 01216 California 1992 Capistrano OB Archaeological Literature and Records Review for the Community Presbyterian Church, San Brown, Joan C. 01236 Juan Capistrano, California 1992 Dana Point OB Cultural Resources Reconnaissance of Ten Areas for Possible Park Bissell, Ronald Locations, City of San Juan M. & Jeanette Capistrano, Orange A. McKenna 01237 County, California 1992 Dana Point OB Archaeological Monitor for Solag Disposal Project at Padon, Beth 01240 31731 Paseo Adelanto 1992 Dana Point CA Report on Monitoring of Retaining Wall Trenching, Capistrano Collection Brock, James Commercial Center, San San Juan P. 01248 Juan Capistrano, California 1992 Capistrano OB The Development of Jones, Carleton Cultural Complexity San Juan S. 01275 Among the Luiseno 1992 Capistrano OB Analysis of Two Historical Features at the Capistrano Brock, James Collection Commercial & William A. Center Project, San Juan San Juan Sawyer 01092 Capistrano, California 1991 Capistrano OB Grading Monitoring and Disturbance Report, Archaeology and Paleontology Lakefill Whitney- Bypass Pipeline Project, Desautels, San Juan Capistrano, San Juan Nancy A. 01104 Orange County, California 1991 Capistrano OB

Cogstone 75 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Grading Monitoring Report, Archaeology, History, and Paleontology, Capistrano Collection, San Sundberg, Juan Capistrano, Orange San Juan Frederick A. 01105 County, California 1991 Capistrano OB Cultural Resources Literature Review for the San Juan Creek Levee Project in San Juan Capistrano, Orange Brown, Joan C. 01113 County, California 1991 Dana Point OB Cultural Resources Survey Report, Pepperwood Estates, City of San Juan Mason, Roger Capistrano, Orange San Juan D. 01142 County, California 1991 Capistrano OB Report on Commercial Brock, James Center Project, San Juan San Juan P. 01155 Capistrano, California 1991 Capistrano OB Historic Study Report for Petershagen, Proposed HOV Lanes George F. & Along Interstate 5 in San Dana Point, Judy D. Juan Capistrano, Orange San Juan Tordoff 01602 County, California 1991 Capistrano OB Historic Property Survey Report for Interstate 5 (I-5) Improvements from State Route 1 in the City of San Juan Capistrano to Approximately 1,000 Feet North of El Toro Road in the Community of Lake Dana Point, Forest, Orange County, San Juan Huey, Gene 01603 California 1991 Capistrano OB

Cogstone 76 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Archaeological Survey Report for Interstate 5 (I-5) Improvements from State Route 1 in the City of San Juan Capistrano to Approximately 1,000 Feet North of El Toro Road in the Community of Lake Dana Point, Forest, Orange County, San Juan Huey, Gene 01604 California 1991 Capistrano OB Padon, Beth, San Juan Capistrano Stephen R. Historic Town Center Van Wormer Cultural Resources Report Dana Point, & Paul E. Extended Phase I San Juan Langenwalter 01000 Investigation, Final 1990 Capistrano RA Brief Report on Archaeological Monitoring of the Los Rios Street Water Line Replacement Brock, James Project, City of San Juan P. 01001 Capistrano 1990 Dana Point OB Archival Research for Interstate 5, from the Sorensen, Confluence with I-405 to Dana Point, Jerrell H. 01011 Route 1, Capistrano 1990 El Toro OB Results of Archaeological Monitoring Conducted at Schmidt, Mission San Juan James & John Capistrano, Orange San Juan M. Forster 01034 County, California 1990 Capistrano CA Results of Archaeological Schmidt, Monitoring Along Ortega San Juan James J. 01059 Highway 1990 Capistrano RA Report on Archaeological Monitoring of Soil Borings at the Arco Service Station, Ortega Highway and El Brock, James Camino Real, City of San San Juan P. 01086 Juan Capistrano 1990 Capistrano CA Results of Archaeological Schmidt, Monitoring Along Ortega San Juan James J. 01094 Highway 1990 Capistrano ReA

Cogstone 77 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Final Test Investigation Report and Request for Dana Point, Determination of Laguna De Barros, Eligibility for 23 Sites Beach, San Phillip & Along the San Joaquin Juan Henry C. Hills Transportation Capistrano, Koerper 01605 Corridor 1990 Tustin OB Rooms with a View: A Report of Seismic and Restoration Efforts on the Second Story of the South Wing at Mission San Juan San Juan Rubio, John 03311 Capistrano 1990 Capistrano RA Archaeological Ivestigations of the Mission Orchard Wall Found at the Plaza Del Obispo and Dolley Properties, San Juan Anonymous 00917 Capistrano, California 1989 Dana Point OB Historical, Archaeological, and Paleontological McKenna, Investigations of the Jeanette & Forster Canyon Planned Roger Development, San Juan Hatheway 00958 Capistrano 1989 Dana Point OB Archaeological, Historical, and Architectural Investigations of the McKenna, Proposed Laguna Builders Jeanette A. & Supply Facility, San Juan Roger G. Capistrano, Orange San Juan Hatheway 00959 County, California 1989 Capistrano OB Archaeological, Historical, and Paleontological Investigations of the South Coast Christian Assembly Property, San Juan McKenna, Capistrano, Orange San Juan Jeanette A. 00976 County, California 1989 Capistrano OB

Cogstone 78 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Cultural Resources Solheid, Vicki Intensive Survey of the L., Paul Proposed San Juan Farnsworth & Capistrano Civic Center Judy Property, Orange County, San Juan McKeehan 00993 California 1989 Capistrano OB Phase I Cultural, Paleontological and Historical Research Assessment Report, Goya Spain, James Property, San Juan San Juan N. 01009 Capistrano, CA 1989 Capistrano OB Archaeological Investigations of the Mission Orchard Wall Found at the Plaza Del Obispo and Dolley Dana Point, De Barros, Properties, San Juan San Juan Phillip 01054 Capistrano, California 1989 Capistrano OB Magalousis, The Ongoing Search – Nicholas M. & Archaeological Dolores Investigations at Mission San Juan Schiffert 01925 San Juan Capistrano 1989 Capistrano CA Koerper, Henry C., Paul E. The Putuidem Project, Langenwalter Archaeological & Adella Investigations at CA-ORA- San Juan Schroth 00886 855 1988 Capistrano OB Negative Archaeological Survey Report: For the Widening of the I-5, San San Juan Huey, Gene 00887 Juan Capistrano 1988 Capistrano OB A Cultural Assessment of Parcel Map No. 88-227, City of San Juan Capistrano, County of Padon, Beth 00892 Orange 1988 Dana Point OB San Juan Capistrano Padon, Beth & Historic Town Center Dana Point, Stephen Van Cultural Resources Report San Juan Wormer 00898 Test Level Investigations 1988 Capistrano RA

Cogstone 79 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Archaeological Survey for the Vermeulen Ranch, San Cameron, Juan Capistrano, Orange Constance 00904 County, California 1988 Dana Point OB Cultural Resources Survey of the Forester Properties for the Rancho R.V. Mason, Vicki Storage Project San Juan L. 00915 Capistrano, California 1988 Dana Point OB An Archaeological Survey of the Reising Commercial Building Project Area, San McKenna, Juan Capistrano, Orange San Juan Jeanette A. 00919 County, California 1988 Capistrano OB McKenna, An Archaeological Survey Jeanette & of Nine Parcels Within San Roger Juan Capistrano, Orange San Juan Hatheway 00921 County, California 1988 Capistrano OB Archaeological Investigations of the Mission Orchard Wall Foundation, Mission Tract No. 5, at the Sizzler Restaurant Property, City of San Juan Capistrano, Anonymous 00924 CA 1988 Dana Point RA Cultural Resources Survey and Records Search in San Mason, Vicki Juan Capistrano, Orange San Juan L. 00935 County, California 1988 Capistrano OB Archaeological Report Letter (with Attachments) of the Property Adjacent to the Forster House on De Barros, Ortega Highway, San Juan San Juan Phillip 00956 Capistrano 1988 Capistrano OB Archaeological Grading Monitoring Letter Report and Invoice for Property Mason, Vicki Located at 31871 Los Rios, San Juan L. 00967 San Juan Capistrano 1988 Capistrano CA

Cogstone 80 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location A Metallurgical Analysis of Two Furnaces Structures Koppenaal, at Mission San Juan San Juan T.J. 01045 Capistrano 1988 Capistrano CA Negative Archaeological Romani, John Survey Report: ORA Route San Juan F. 02292 5: 102540 1988 Capistrano OB Compendium of Archaeological Research Magalousis, Profiles: 1979-1986 at San San Juan Nicholas M. 00853 Juan Capistrano 1987 Capistrano CA Archaeological Investigations at CA-ORA- 27a, CA-ORA-882, CA- ORA-1042, and CA-ORA- 870: Chiquita Canyon Water Reclamation Plant Project, South Orange County, California. Appendix A: Historic Canada Demcak, Carol Resources Survey for the Gobernador & Stephen R. Chiquita Land Outfall a, San Juan Van Wormer 01204 Pipeline 1987 Capistrano OB Archaeological Interpretation, 31831 Camino Capistrano, Francisco, California, Known as the San Juan Harry 01914 Avila Adobe 1987 Capistrano RA Cultural Resources Assessment of Shea Company Property and Surface Collection of Sites CA-ORA-493 and CA- Dana Point, Bissell, Ronald ORA-540, Laguna Niguel, San Juan M. 00823 Orange County, California 1986 Capistrano OB Report of a Cultural Resources Evaluation of the Lomas San Juan Parcel, Bissell, Ronald San Juan Capistrano, M. 00832 Orange County, California 1986 Dana Point OB

Cogstone 81 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance of the Marabella Country Club Property, San Juan Bissell, Ronald Capistrano, Orange San Juan M. 00838 County, California 1986 Capistrano OB Archaeological Site CA- ORA-1108: A Seed and Vegetable Fiber Collecting and Processing Station in Dana Point, Bissell, Ronald Laguna Niguel, Orange San Juan M. 00850 County, California 1986 Capistrano OB Archaeology at Mission Magalousis, San Juan Capistrano and San Juan Nicholas M. 01923 Related Sites 1986 Capistrano CA Archaeological Test Excavation, CA-ORA- 841H, Church and Library Magalousis, Parking Lot, San Juan San Juan Nicholas M. 00779 Capistrano, California 1984 Capistrano CA A Preliminary Report, Zooarchaeological Research at Mission San Juan Capistrano, Langenwalter, California, 1979 Field San Juan Paul E., II 00806 Season. 3 Vols. 1984 Capistrano CA Archaeological Assessment Schroth, of 450 Acres for the Adella & Northwest Circulation Constance Study, City of San Juan San Juan Cameron 00653 Capistrano, California 1983 Capistrano OB An Archaeological Assessment for the Camino Chario, Capistrano Widening Kathleen & Project, San Juan Marie Cottrell 00685 Capistrano, California 1983 Dana Point OB Dana Point, San Joaquin Transportation Laguna Corridor: An Annotated Beach, San List of Archaeological Juan Cottrell, Marie Reports Referenced by Capistrano, G. 00720 Number 1983 Tustin OB

Cogstone 82 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Indian Pictographs at Neuerburg, Mission San Juan San Juan Norman 01130 Capistrano 1982 Capistrano CA Magalousis, A Reassessment of the Nicholas M. & Interpretation of Two Scott A. Structures at Mission San San Juan MacLeod 01418 Juan Capistrano 1982 Capistrano CA Cultural Resources Assessment: The Proposed Parador Hotel Project in Van Horn, the City of San Juan David M. 01915 Capistrano 1982 Dana Point OB Archaeological Survey Report: Two Alternative Proposed Extensions Connecting Junipero Serra Van Horn, and Oso Roads in the City David M. & of San Juan Capistrano, San Juan J.R. Murray 00604 California 1981 Capistrano OB Magalousis, San Juan Nicholas M. 01044 Kalendarium 1981 Capistrano CA Environmental Impact Evaluation: Archaeological Assessment of Tentative Drover, Tract 5946, San Juan San Juan Christopher E. 00523 Capistrano, CA 1980 Capistrano OB Archaeological Survey Report: A CA. 500 Acre Tract of Land in the Vicinity of McCraken Reservoir and Forster Van Horn, Canyon in the City of San David M. 00535 Juan Capistrano 1980 Dana Point OB Archaeological Survey of Magalousis, the San Juan Capistrano Nicholas M. 00378 Airport Area 1979 Dana Point OB Archaeological Survey Report: A Proposed Road Alignment Near Avenida Los Cerritos, San Juan San Juan Anonymous 00448 Capistrano 1979 Capistrano OB

Cogstone 83 San Juan Capistrano Historic Town Center Cultural

SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Cultural Resources Reconnaissance of Zahniser, Jack Tentative Tract Number L. 00454 6038 1979 Dana Point OB Archaeological Survey of Proposed Site for a Marie Callender Pie Shop and Schroth, Restaurant, Parcel 2, Tract San Juan Adella 00479 #102, San Juan Capistrano 1979 Capistrano RA Joint Archaeological Research Program, Mission San Juan Capistrano, University of California, Irvine (Ext.) and Chapman College Archaeological Magalousis, Field School, 1979. 4 San Juan Nicholas M. 00502 Vols. 1979 Capistrano CA Neuerburg, San Juan Norman 01148 Old Stone Church Reborn 1979 Capistrano CA Greenwood, Field Inspection and Roberta S., Historical Background, the V.G. Bente& Parra Adobe, San Juan San Juan R.E. Edberg 00244 Capistrano 1978 Capistrano OB Archaeological Survey of San Juan-GPA 781-1, City Breece, of San Juan Capistrano, Dana Point William H. 00248 Orange County, California 1978 OB Archaeological Report on the Archaeological Monitoring of Tracts 7673, 9382 and 8485 Located in the San Juan Capistrano Area of the County of San Juan Anonymous 00250 Orange 1978 Capistrano OB Appendix B San Juan Anonymous 00281 Archaeological Survey 1978 Capistrano ReA Archaeological Survey Report: Business Anonymous 00288 Properties Inc. 1978 Dana Point OB Archaeological Archaeological Survey Assoc. 00290 Report: Romer Property 1978 Dana Point OB

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SCCIC No. Author (OR-) Title Year Quad Location Archaeological Survey Report: the Proposed 310+ Van Horn, Acre Parcel in San Juan San Juan David M. 00298 Capistrano, California 1978 Capistrano OB Archaeological/Paleontolo gical Assessment and Survey on the Colinas De Capistrano Property Located in the San Juan Desautels, Capistrano Area of Orange San Juan Roger J. 00324 County, California 1978 Capistrano OB Ultrasystems Project Dana Point, Van Horn, #4357: Archaeological San Juan David M. 00381 Report 1978 Capistrano OB Archaeological Survey Report: The Ortega Dana Point, Property in San Juan San Juan Anonymous 00329 Capistrano 1977 Capistrano OB Archaeological Survey Report: Tentative Tract Van Horn, 9786 in the City of San San Juan David M. 00330 Juan Capistrano 1977 Capistrano OB Archaeological Resource Dana Point, Survey of the Bear Brand San Juan Anonymous 00540 Ranch 1977 Capistrano OB Walk-Over Survey of a 48 Acre Site South of San Cottrell, Marie Juan Creek in San Juan G. 02306 Capistrano 1976 Dana Point OB City of San Juan Capistrano, General Plan Program, Dana Point, Drover, Historic/Archaeological San Juan CA, RA, Christopher E. 00536 Element 1974 Capistrano ReA * OB stands for Outer Boundary; RA stands for Revitalization Area; CA stands for Connectivity Area; ReA stands for Repositioning Area

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APPENDIX C: NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION

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