Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP

Home , Dekutince, Donji Neradovac, Panevlje, Polom (Vladičin Han), Ranutovac, Ribnice

E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP

KORIDOR 10 d.o.o. 19a, Vlajkoviceva Street 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Phone/Fax: +381 11 3344174 www.koridor10.rs; www.koridorx.rs

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN & CHECK LIST

for

CORRIDOR X HIGHWAY PROJECT

Component 1 - Corridor Xd The M-1 Road to FYR Macedonia (E-75) NIS - Border of FYRM Section:

VLADICIN HAN – DONJI NERADOVAC CORRX.E75.WB.PACK2.ICB

- Environmental Category A -

( FINAL, 20110421 )

Belgrade, April 2011 E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY …….………………………………….………………………..3

1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ……………………………………………………………..9

2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK …………………………14

3. BASELINE CONDITIONS ASSESSED DURING ALIGNMENT SURVEY ….……….16

4. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS …………………………………….24

5. DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION MEASURES …………...... …………….39

6. DESCRIPTION OF MONITORING PROGRAM ……...... …48

7. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS …………………………………………..…………………54

8. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ...……………………………………………….58

9. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND REPORTING PROCEDURES ...... 59

10. REFERENCE………………………..…………………………………………………….60

APPENDICES

I CHECK LIST - MITIGATION II CHECK LIST - MONITORING III RELEVANT SERBIAN LEGISLATION IV PRECONDISIONS FROM THE RELEVANT INSTITUTIONS

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan HSE Health, Safety and Environment IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development INP Institute for Nature Protection of the Republic of Serbia IPCM Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments of the Republic of Serbia K10DOO Koridor 10 Drustvo sa Ogranicenom Odgovornoscu (Corridor 10 Company) NCA Natural Cultural Assets PAP Project Affected Person PEPS Public Enterprise “Putevi Srbije” (Roads of Serbia) PMC Project Management Consultant SSIP Site Specific Implementation Plan STI Sexually Transmitted Infection WB The World Bank Group WMP Waste Management Plan

- 2 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

The World Bank’s Board of Executive Directors on July 9, 2009 approved the Corridor X Highway Project for Serbia, IBRD Loan: EUR€275.2 million, Terms: Maturity = 20 years; Grace Period = 8 years, Project ID: P108005. The Corridor X Highway Project for Serbia aims to increase transport efficiency and improve traffic safety on the three Project sections of Corridor X, between Leskovac and Levosoje and Nis and Dimitrovgrad respectively, and to improve road management and road safety in Serbia. The missing Corridor Xd highway section from Grabovnica to Levosoje is approximately 74 km long. The ending point in Levosoje corresponds to the starting point of the 22 km long, already constructed highway section, finished with domestic budget support. Within the missing highway section, the World Bank will be financing the first section of 5.6 km of highway between Grabovnica and Grdelica, and the section of 26.3 km between Vladicin Han and Donji Neradovac. The subject of this EMP document is the first component of the Project, M-1 road to FYR Macedonia (E-75, Corridor Xd) Nis – Border of FYRM, section Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac. Section begins on km 900+100 and end of the section is on km 926+358. Section is divided into three sub-sections: 10.1 km long sub-section from Vladicin Han to Prevalac, 9.0 km long sub-section from Prevalac to Suvi Dol and 7.2 km long sub-section from Suvi Dol to Donji Neradovac.

Location description

The studied area falls entirely in the region of Southern Serbia, and encompasses the area between Vladicin Han to Donji Neradovac. The corridor of the planned highway is positioned on the right bank of the Southern Morava and in general follows the river to the village of Mazarac at km 913 + 000. Then the alignment crosses over and follows the left bank until the end of the section, along the valley of the Southern Morava. The studied area is located in the basin of the Southern Morava and its tributaries, which in general flow directly into it (Bresnicka, Vrbovska, Jelasnicka, Dekutinska, Banjska Rivers as the right tributaries and Jovacka, Lepenicka, Mostanicka and Gradska Rivers as the left tributaries). The remaining smaller water flows and streams are oriented towards these waterways and together belong to the Montenegrin Basin. The newly planned E-75 Highway, sector Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac, passes through the territory of the Pcinja District which encompasses the territory of 17 settlements belonging to Vladicin Han and Vranje Municipalities. A majority of these are rural settlements in the valley of the Southern Morava. The highway also passes three cities, Vladicin Han, Vranjska Banja and Vranje. The villages are small according to number of inhabitants, average around 500, and according to number of households. Cultivated land amounts to 46% of the total agricultural land. Natural conditions for agricultural production are very favorable (valley of the river), but the share of cultivated land within total used land is decreasing, shown by the fact that the number of inhabitants who are involved in agriculture is decreasing, and currently stands at 20%.

- 3 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP Through a review of the existing planning and design documentation as well as a reconnaissance of the terrain, it has been established that within the region affected by the proposed construction, there are six cultural heritage structures. Information on cultural heritage has been recorded based on data from the Institute for Protection of Cultural Memorials from Nis.

Project description

This section involves the construction of a 26.3 km long section of highway between Vladicin Han and Donji Neradovac (Corridor Xd), half on new alignment, and half involving an upgrading of the existing road. The section includes the relevant electrical and mechanical (E&M) facilities, annex areas, toll plazas and buildings, interchanges, and some interconnecting roads to improve integration with the local road network.. The Project Development Objective is to increase transport efficiency and improve traffic safety on the project section of Corridor X between Vladicin Han and Donji Neradovac, and to improve road management and road safety. The proposed alignment is located on the right bank of the Juzna Morava and in general follows the riverbank up to Mazarac village. The plan is to use the alignment of the existing main road M-1. Diverting from the alignment of the existing main road M-1 is conditioned by proximity of town Vranje. The alignment was selected alignment by the need to traverse the main north-south railway line by bridges on two locations. The highway alignment descends into the Juzna Morava valley and passes near a dyke. After the second crossing over the railroad, by its remaining length to the end, the alignment runs alignment parallel to the railroad. At the very end of the section, the alignment returns to the existing road M-1. Based on the project task for drafting of the preliminary design of the E-75 Highway, Nis - FYR Macedonian border and the final report on the expert review of the general design of the highway for the section Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac by the Republic Revision Commission, the elements of the cross-section have been dimensioned for a calculated speed of 120 km/h. four lane with a lane width of 3.75m (total width of the plane 27.4 m) and an AADT for 2021 amounting to 21,298 veh/24h. The total length of the alignment is L = 26,258 m.

Existing condition of the environment

The studied area is characterized by surfaces covered in annual and perennial crops. Forests of willow, poplar and other hygrophilous species are represented along the length of the waterways in very small areas together with hygrophilous meadows. These forests represent the remains of an area once rich in forest land which has been almost completely cleared away for the purpose of cultivated land and expanding settlements. The ecosystems have been anthropogenically altered, so the living elements of the ecosystems (plants and wildlife) also suffer from that influence. For the studied area there is no available data on the presence of polluting materials in the soil. Empirically, it can be expected that the intensification of traffic and agricultural activities may lead to excessive pollution of the environment, including the soil. The existing condition of traffic noise within the corridor of the analyzed section of the highway is characterized by the traffic on the railway line Nis - FYR Macedonian border, regional road R-214 and on the existing network of local roads. It is considered that upon construction of the proposed section on the new alignment, traffic noise will increase in the

- 4 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP study area. Based on the obtained values of the expected level of noise from the observed section, it can be concluded that the legally prescribed values might be exceeded during the night mostly, by up to 14.6 dB(A). By analyzing the condition of the quality of surface water, the conclusion can be reached that the quality of water of the Southern Morava River has significantly worsened in both the microbiological sense as well as in the physical-chemical sense and is among the worst in the past fifteen years. These kinds of results of the analysis of the existing condition of quality of water of the Southern Morava River indicate that no projects have been launched for installing devices for treatment of communal waste water in the upstream section of the basin, and that this is a consequence of intensive use of artificial fertilizer in agricultural production. A certain volume of negative effects are the consequence of the existence of the current road M-1 and the major railway line Belgrade - Nis - FYR Macedonian border. Data on air pollution for the wider affected zone of the section of the E-75 Highway from Vladicin Han to Neradovac was not available at the time when the study was carried out. Due to no industrial structures being marked within the studied area which could cause increased levels of concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere, it can be justifiably assumed that the quality of the air is at a satisfactory level. The area has a low population density and limited urbanization. Of the 17 settlements, two can be considered towns. The remaining settlements are mainly villages are mostly spread out with an average population of 400. Polom, Dekutince, Gramadja, Vrbovo, and Mazarac, belong to the municipality Vladicin Han and Prevalac, Korbevac, Mostanica, Vranjska Banja, Bresnica, Ranutovac, Suvi Dol, Ribnice, G. Neradovac and D. Neradovac belong to Vranje. Immovable cultural assets are protected along with the space in which they are located. It has been established that there are six structures within the studied area that belong to the aforementioned category. The locality of Crkviste covers the northeastern part of the Selista estate which in this part is slightly flattened. According to the configuration of the terrain, it can be concluded that the church edifice has retained walls of a significant height. The location Suvi Rid in the area of the village Dekutince, municipality Vladicin Han, is a necropolis from the Middle Ages. The locality of Gramadje in the area of the village of Gramadja, in the municipality of Vladicin Han, is located west of the village on the right side of the highway where there are three visible mounds. The locality of Mirce in the area of Vrbovo, municipality Vladicin Han, is located along the old road which crosses through the village of Panevlje, parallel with the highway at the place where it crosses Mirce Creek.

Environmental impact

The environmental impact which will be caused by the construction, operation and maintenance of the section Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac of the highway Beograd - Nis - FYR Macedonian border indicate qualitative and quantitative changes in the environment for the regular conditions of operationoperation as well as for the occurrence of an accident. A categorization of changes has been done in the sense of their duration. The expected environmental impact from the construction of the new highway will vary in nature and intensity across the construction and operation phase By modeling the concentrations of air pollution for the subject section of the highway under the aforementioned time conditions and comparing them with the limit values of concentrations defined by the Rulebook on Limit Values, Methods of Measuring

- 5 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP Emissions, and Criteria for Setting Up Measuring Locations and Recording Data (Official Gazette RS 54/92), the following conclusions were made: during windy periods, the concentration of hydrocarbons exceeds the limits (permanent and immediate values) as do the immediate values of nitrogen dioxide; the immediate values of the concentration of hydrocarbons (CXHYmax) exceeds the limit along the entire alignment, on the left side 14 - 35 m from the edge of the roadway (average 27 m), on the right side 16 - 37 m (average 29.5); the permanent values of hydrocarbons (CXHYav) exceed the limit along the entire alignment except for at the cross-sections from km 900+700 to km 901+100 and from km 902+500 to km 905+500 on the left side, with a 5 m average width of the affected zone (max 12 m) and from km 923+500 to km 924+400 on the right side, with a 7 m average width of the affected zone (max 13 m); the short term concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2max) exceed the limit from km 923+700 to km 924+300 on the left side (max 5 m) and from km 902+800 to km 905+500 on the right side (max 7 m). From the standpoint of the effects of various air pollutants on plant life, this phenomenon is especially significant due to the cultivated areas and agriculture. The obtained results indicate that within a belt which has an average width of 27 m from the left side of the road and 30 m from the right side of the road, in windy periods, the limits for short-term concentrations of hydrocarbons (CXHYmax) can expect to be exceeded which may have lasting negative effects on the growth and development of plants. It is recommended to avoid growing sensitive plant species within the aforementioned corridor, although the legal restrictions for growing of any crops do not exist. The general conclusion which may be made based on all analyses which have been conducted is that the problems of air pollution are not apparent within the affected zone of the planned highway. In accordance with the concept of water removal (free flow of water from the roadway in the zone of the embankment and through gutters in cuts and notches and a system of rain drainage for the and cuts and notches), as well as on the basis of the statistical indicators of the regime of precipitation in the studied area, the values of concentration of pollutants in the period of accumulation (dry period) of 17 days and the known places where atmospheric waters are released from the roadway into the recipient, the quantities of pollutants were calculated which runoff at the aforementioned places during authoritative levels of rain.

Mitigation measures

The measures which are envisaged by the law and other regulations, normatives, standards and corresponding statutes are called regulatory measures. The basic legal regulations on the requirement of conducting special studies, which are an integral part of the planning and design documentation, are specified within app. III (legislation). Measures in the case of an accidental situation (collision) involving a vehicle transporting dangerous materials is considered as preventative and sanitization measures. With consideration of the adopted concept of water removal, the trafficway would not be secure in the case of an accident involving a vehicle transporting dangerous materials. Accident prevention measures, within the zone of the reserve water-supply well of Vranje, from km 922+100 to km 922+400, have been designed in the form of a closed water removal system and placement of protective barriers. The role of these measures is to ensure that the

- 6 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP vehicle remains on the roadway in the case of an accident and prevents the spilling of dangerous materials into the water collection area. Bridges represent a significant risk as far as pollution of waterways is concerned. In those places, when damage has already occurred, the possibilities of rehabilitation are very small, so it is necessary to perform an analysis directed at envisaging mitigation measures which would prevent pollution from reaching the waterway. The envisaged preventative measures are limited speed, raised curbs and protective barriers on bridges, as well as emergency response and mitigation measures in case of accidents, which are defined in this document separately. Embankments with a height of more than 5.0 m are places where the possibility of a vehicle transporting dangerous materials leaving the carriageway during an accident is the greatest. These places must be secured with protective barriers. The locations where it is necessary to place protective barriers due to the height of the embankment are specified in chapter 5 (mitigation measures). Sanitization measures imply a series of works which are necessary in order to sanitize the effect of such a situation within the shortest possible time period. Depending on the type of materials which are being transported, we differentiate measures which relate to powder and granular materials and measures which relate to liquid materials. Plans and technical solutions encompass the technical measures which are carried out during construction of structures and during operation, mitigation measures for traffic noise, mitigation measures for surface and underground water and wildlife mitigation measures. All of those measures are aimed at decreasing and minimizing the possible effects on the environment. The analyses on traffic noise indicate that the limit values of permitted levels for urban areas along major highways are reached at distances of around 70 to around 260 meters from the highway. It is necessary to place noise protection walls for a total length of 19,632 m. On the section Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac, the placement of one retention basin (km 921+867 on the left side) has been envisaged from which water will be released through a cleaning device into the recipient. Removal of oil, petroleum and petroleum derivatives is done using coalescent filters. The retention basin will be encased in clay material in order to avoid the infiltration of polluted water into the water permeable floor later. This type of water removal concept in a part of an abandoned water supply well will also provide adequate protection from pollution of surrounding soil, but lead to a concentration of pollution at the site of the retention basin, due to which it is necessary to plan for the periodic emptying of the sediment bay and separator. Other measures, the general and administrative measures of environmental protection are also specified in chapter 5 (Mitigation Measures). The general measures of environmental protection encompass the global knowledge from this area which fit in with the global strategy, local spatial conditions and the characteristics of the planned highway. Administrative measures for environmental protection encompass a series of activities in the form of administrative regulation of certain occurrences which may cause certain negative consequences which are very difficult to bring to within acceptable limits.

Monitoring

Monitoring refers to the monitoring of effects of the highway on the quality of air, water and soil, as well as the occurrence of noise.

- 7 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP Monitoring of air pollution during the phase of construction of the highway includes determining the effects on the quality of air while construction works are being carried out in the vicinity of densely populated areas. The program of measuring the quality of air encompasses the settlements Gramadja, Prevalac and Ranutovac in the affected zone of the future section of the highway. Monitoring of surface water during the construction phase encompasses the measurements of: pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water, waste materials, murkiness, concentration of organic compounds and mineral oil. The taking of samples is done on a part of surface water downstream from the construction site. The monitoring program is administered in such a way that it can be used to establish which construction works affect the quality of surface waterways. Monitoring of surface water during the operation phase encompasses the measurements of: pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water, waste materials, and murkiness, concentration of organic compounds and mineral oil, as well as temperature, color and odor. For underground waters, the dynamic of administering monitoring during the construction phase is done on the basis of the program for carrying out works which is provided by the The Employer (K10DOO) and which is an integral part of the documentation for drafting of the monitoring plan. The parameters which are the subject of monitoring are divided into the groups geological-hydrological, physical-chemical and chemical. Measurement of the basic and indicative parameters of underground waters should be done at least four times a year with an interval of at least two months. Measurements of the chemical and physical-chemical parameters are done quarterly. Monitoring begins one month prior to the beginning of preparatory works and lasts until the end of construction. Based on engineering safety, it is necessary to take measurements of the quality of water from wells (quality of drinking water) in accordance with the regulations for sampling in certain time intervals. The monitoring program for soil during the construction phase includes parameters which are divided into two groups: hard metals and greases and oils. Monitoring allows those works which negatively affect the quality of soil to be identified. Sampling is done before the beginning of works and while earthworks are being carried out. Monitoring of noise is done during both the construction phase and operation phase. While works are being carried out, the main source of noise is heavy construction machinery. Within the framework of the monitoring of noise while works are being carried out, it is obligatory to conduct measurements of the zero point and measurements of the highest levels (peaks) of noise during construction. During the phase of operation noise must be controlled with the goal of controlling the effectiveness of envisaged noise protection measures. Measurement of the level of noise is carried out in intervals of five years and in cases of complaints from adjacent inhabitants in affected structures. The most endangered structures are located in the settlements through which the alignment of the newly planned highway passes, those being at chainages km 900+750 on both sides in the settlement Bojkinska Mahala, km 903+350 on the left side in the settlement Gramadja, km 910+200 on both sides in the settlement Prevalac, km 916+750 on the right side in the settlement Ranutovac and at km 925+100 on both sides in the settlement Ribnice. If during operation it is discovered that there are more endangered locations or locations which are more representational from the standpoint of monitoring the condition of traffic noise, the proposed locations must be corrected.

- 8 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.1 Location Description

The missing Corridor Xd highway section from Grabovnica to Levosoje is approximately 74 km long. The ending point in Levosoje corresponds to the starting point of the 22 km long, already constructed highway section, finished with domestic budget support. Within the missing highway section, the World Bank will be financing the first section of 5.6 km of highway between Grabovnica and Grdelica, and the section of 26.3 km between Vladicin Han and Donji Neradovac. The subject of this EMP document is M-1 road to FYR Macedonia (E-75, Corridor Xd) Nis – Border of FYRM, section Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac. Section begins on km 900+100 and end of the section is on km 926+357. Section is divided into three sub- sections: 10.1 km long sub-section from Vladicin Han to Prevalac, 9.0 km long sub-section from Prevalac to suvi Dol nd 7.2 km long sub-section from Suvi Dol to Donji Neradovac.

Picture 1: Corridor Xd Highway Project with marked V.Han – D.Neradovac highway section

- 9 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP

Picture 2: Vladicin Han – Mostanica Highway sub-section

- 10 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP

Picture 3: Mostanica – Donji Neradovac Highway sub-section

- 11 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP The highway alignment is located on the right bank of the Juzna Morava and in general follows the riverbank up to Mazarac village. The plan is to use the alignment of the existing main road M-1. Diverting from the alignment of the existing main road M-1 is conditioned by proximity of town Vranje. The selection of the alignment was made due to the need to alignment cross the main north-south railway line in two locations. The highway alignment descends into the Juzna Morava valley and passes near a dyke. After the second crossing over the railroad, by its remaining length to the end, the alignment is positioned in parallel to the railroad. At the very end of the section, the alignmentt goes back to corridor of the existing road M-1. EIA procedure prescribed by the Serbian Law on EIA has been completed on April 21, 2010. The Public Consultation and Public Disclosure of the Draft EIA Document are completed (see chapter 7 – Public Consultations). The Technical Commission evaluated the EIA Study, together with the systematized report on the consultations of the authorities, organisations and the public concerned and the report on the completed impact assessment procedure, and evaluated the suitability of the measures envisaged to prevent, reduce or eliminate the likely harmful effects of the project on the environment. Environmental Impact Assessment Study of the E-75 highway project, Nis – Border of FYRM, section Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac has passed the public consultation and has acquired the official approval from the relevant Ministry. The decision granting the approval of the EIA Study have specifically noted the conditions and measures which should be undertaken to prevent, reduce or eliminate the adverse effects on the environment. These conditions and measures are presented in this EMP. Additionally, for all five E-75 Highway sub-sections between Grabovnica and Levosoje existing EIA Reports were integrated into the Corridor level EIA Report for section E-75 covering the proposed highway alignment. The Corridor level EIA Report for section E-75 can be found at the following web sites:  The World Bank (WB) web site: http://www- wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSiteP K=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679&entityI D=000333038_20090616015732&searchMenuPK=64187283&theSitePK=523679  PE Roads of Serbia web site: http://www.putevi-srbije.rs/strategijapdf/finaleiae75eng.pdf  K10DOO web site: http://www.koridor10.rs/doc/02/finaleiae75srp.pdf

Finally, as a part of Project documentation, PEPS has prepared a detailed design of environmental protection for Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac Highway Project, as a regulatory instrument in accordance with the Serbian law on environmental protection. The detailed design document is one of the main documents used in process of preparation of this EMP and can be obtained in the PEPS main office, Belgrade, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 282. The Corridor Level EIA Report and detailed design of environmental protection for Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac Highway Project provides a platform, on which the Site-

- 12 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP Specific Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Checklist, for this sub-section, have been prepared. Detailed design of environmental protection (EMP) contains concrete mitigations and monitoring measures which are relevant to this Project. This EMP, in addition to information from the Corridor Level EIA, includes the additional baseline refinement data work required prior to works commencing, such as data contained in site- specific implementation plan, prepared by the contractors and approved prior to commencing works. This EMP and Checklist should be a part of the bidding documents, to ensure the contractors are aware and meet their formal obligations in this respect. The bidders are obliged to prepare their own site specific implementation plan (SSIP), to be approved by K10DOO, containing the detailed planning and information necessary to meet the requirements detailed in this EMP. The SSIP will be highly site-specific and be compiled as part of the construction planning for aspects such as fuel stores, plant selection and performance and material sourcing and sub contracting. EMP and Check List are produced to point at the essential environmental requirements during the construction of 26.3 km of highway on a section of the corridor between Vladicin Han and Donji Neradovac and guide the potential bidders in preparation of SSIP in order to eliminate, offset, or reduce potentially adverse environmental impacts to acceptable levels. Description of mitigation measures and Description of monitoring program are key parts of this document.

1.2 Project Description

For the purpose of drafting the preliminary design of the E-75 Highway, Nis - FYR Macedonian border, section II, Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac, preliminary works must be carried out in the established corridor of the highway. Preliminary works include the testing of geological characteristics of soil, hydrological characteristics of waterways and collecting data for a traffic analysis. Preliminary works provide a view of the complete informative basis on the existing condition. Based on the project task for drafting of the preliminary design of the E-75 Highway, Nis - FYR Macedonian border and the final report on the expert review of the general design of the highway for the section Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac by the Republic Revision Commission, the elements of the cross-section have been dimensioned for a calculated speed of 120 km/h (total width of the plane 27.4 m) and an AADT for 2021 amounting to 21,298 veh/24h. The total length of the alignment is L = 26,258 m. Crossings and intersections of the newly planned highway and existing network of highways are envisaged in the design. On the alignment of the analyzed section of the highway there are 24 bridges and grade-separated interchanges. In accordance with the project task, a concept of water drainage has been adopted. The principle of an open system for water drainage is characterized by the free (uncontrolled) flow of water from the roadway down the slope of the embankment.

- 13 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1 Relevant Institutions

During the construction and operation of highways in the Republic of Serbia, the issue of environmental protection is managed by mutual cooperation of the following statutory government institutions: The Ministry for Environment and Spatial Planning is the key institution in Serbia responsible for formulation and implementation of environmental policy matters. The Ministry is responsible for the protection against noise and vibration, hazardous and toxic material, air pollution, ionic and non-ionic radiation, nature protection and international cooperation. The other aspects of natural resources management related to issues of construction and operation of highways in the Republic of Serbia, are dealt with several other institutions, among which are the Ministry of Economy and Regional Development; the Ministry of Infrastructure; the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water management; the Ministry of Culture; the Public Enterprise ‘Putevi Srbije’ (PEPS); the Institute for Nature Protection of Serbia (INP); the Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments of the Republic of Serbia (IPCM), and K10DOO.

2.2 Existing Serbian legislation

Environmental protection in Serbia is regulated by several national and municipal laws and by-laws. The environmental legislation in force in Serbia is summarized in Appendix III.

2.3 Main steps of national procedure on EIA in the Republic of Serbia

In the judical system of the Republic of Serbia, the Environmental Impact Assessment procedure is regulated by the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment, along with appropriate sublegal enactments which determine particular issues within the Impact Assessment procedure in more detail. One of the significant elements in the procedure itself is public involvement (see chapter 5.) and the duty of forming the Technical Committee. Environmental Impact Assessments are required for the projects which are being planned and executed, technology improvements, reconstructions, capacity expansion, work termination and removal of projects which significantly influence the environment. The procedure of Environmental Impact Assessment consists of three phases (depending upon the nature of any specific project, there can be one, two or more phases): - Phase I: Decision-making on the necessity of preparation of the Environmental Impact Assessment for the project - Phase II: Specification of scope and contents of the Environmental Impact Assessment Study – Screening Phase - Phase III: Environmental Impact Assessment Study Entities which have participated in preparation of the Environmental Impact Assessment for this section of the motorway are the following: Project contractor (PEPS), relevant authority (Ministry for Environment and Spatial Planning), and experts – authors of the study sections, other technical institutions and municipal authorities, organizations and general public. According to the Law on EIA (“Official Gazette of RS”, 135/04, 36/09), K10DOO may

- 14 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP not commence the project implementation without having previously completed the impact assessment procedure and obtained the approval of the EIA Study from the competent authority (MOESP).

2.4 Relevant World Bank policy

This section is financed from the WB Loan and the following Policies are relevant for the environmental component of this Project:  Operational Policy OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment;  OP 4.04 Natural Habitats,  OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement and  OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources.

- 15 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP 3. BASELINE CONDITIONS ASSESSED DURING ALIGNMENT SURVEY

The proposed E-75 highway alignment is located on the right bank of the Juzna Morava and in general follows the riverbank up to Mazarac village. The plan is to use the alignment of the existing main road M-1. The area covered by the project section falls entirely in the region of Southern Serbia. The most expansive spatial boundaries of the region of interest for studying the effects of the planned highway cover the area from Vladicin Han to Donji Neradovac. The corridor of the planned highway is positioned on the right bank of the Southern Morava and in general follows the river to the village of Mazarac at km 913+000. Then the alignment crosses over to the left bank until the end of the section, generally following along the valley of the Southern Morava (see Picture 1,2 and 3). Diverting from the alignment of the existing main road M-1 is conditioned by proximity of town Vranje. Position of the alignment that was accepted was requested by its going over the railroad JZ by bridges on two locations. The highway alignment descends into the Juzna Morava valley and passes near a dyke. After the second going over the railroad, by its remaining length to the end, the alignment is positioned in parallel with the railroad. At the very end of the section, the alignment goes back to corridor of the existing road M-1. The preliminary design for the E-75 Highway, Nis -FYR Macedonian border, defines the position of the future highway. The E-75 Highway which follows the alignment Belgrade – Nis – Leskovac – Vranje – FYR Macedonian border makes up the central transit corridor of great significance for the interstate connection of the Republic of Serbia with FYR Macedonia and Greece. The primary function of the E-75 Highway from Nis (Trupale) to the Republic of FYR Macedonia is to provide a highway with a large capacity and high level of traffic service for satisfying the expected traffic flows, while the secondary function is the direct stimulus for development of the region and connecting traffic to the affected zone of the planned highway. The preliminary design of the subject Section II Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac was divided into sectors.  Sector 3: Vladicin Han – Prevalac (km 900+100 - 910+188.55);  Sector 4: Prevalac – Suvi Dol (km 910+188.55 – 919+176.86);  Sector 5a: Suvi Dol – Donji Neradovac (km 919+176.86 – 926+358.18). The preliminary design envisages that the entire length of Sector 3 (Vladicin Han – Prevalac) use the existing major road M-1, except on the section where the existing horizontal elements do not allow for the calculated speed of 120 km/h. The median as well as the new roadway (V. Han - D. Neradovac) have been envisaged for the right side of the existing road. The existing road along with the addition of a stopping lane would be used for the opposing direction of traffic. On the section of the alignment from km 907+270 to km 908+230, where the horizontal elements of the existing road do not allow for the calculated speed of 120 km/h, the existing road is abandoned and the use of the minimum horizontal radius of 750 m is applied with a transitional curve of 120 m. On the part of Sector 4 (Prevalac - Suvi Dol) from Prevalac to Mazarac (from km 910+350 to km 913+400) there is a completely new alignment detached from the major road M-1. The reason for this is the smaller layout of the alignment and the inability to use the existing road M-1 which on that portion has a horizontal curve with a radius that does not allow for the use of the calculated speed of 120 km/h. The stretch from Mazarac to Suvi

- 16 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP Dol (from km 913+400 to km 919+176.86) would strictly follow the position of the existing road M-1. Differing from E-75 highway section from Vladicin Han to Suvi Dol) where the alignment of the highway is guided by the alignment of the existing major road M-1, the highway section between Suvi Dol and Donji Neradovac is guided, generally speaking, through open space. Abandoning the alignment of the existing major road M-1 is conditioned by its closeness in vicinity to the city of Vranje. If that was not done, the role of the alternative road which would accept all local traffic would be taken over by the current regional road R-214 which passes through the center of Vranje. With that, the traffic in Vranje would become much worse in comparison to the condition before the construction of the highway, which would be completely unacceptable. The adopted position of the alignment conditioned the crossing of the railway line in two places using bridges with lengths of L = 195.60 m and L = 103.38 m. After separating from the existing road M-1, the alignment of the highway drops down into the valley of the Southern Morava and runs along the protective levee. After crossing over the railway line a second time, the alignment travels parallel to the railway line from km 923+600 to the end of the section. At the very end of the section, the alignment of the highway once again returns to the corridor of the existing road M-1. The minimum radius of horizontal curve used for this section is R = 800 m.

3.1 Soil

The region which is the subject of the study belongs to Southern Serbia and in the morphological sense encompasses terrain which is classified as mountainous and plain reliefs. The most prevailing morphological feature is the Vranje depression, following the SW – NE direction, created through radial tectonic movement in the shale and magma complex of the Rodop mass. For the studied area of the section Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac, E – 75 Highway Belgrade - Nis - FYR Macedonian border there is no available data on the presence of polluting material in the soil. Empirically, it can be expected that the intensification of traffic and agricultural activities may lead to excessive pollution of the environment, including the soil.

3.2 Water

The main hydrographic characteristic of the region in which the analyzed section of the highway is located is the Southern Morava River. Occasional and constant waterways drain surface water from the Neogene terrain of the Vranje depression and its foothills and then from the crystallized shale and Bujanovac granitoid massif along the edge of the Neogene basins. All tributaries in general go directly into the flow of the Southern Morava and for the most part are of a stream-like character with spacious proluvial fans at the confluence into the main recipient. The more important right tributaries of the Southern Morava are: Bresnicka, Vrbovska, Jelasnicka and Dekutinska rivers, and the left tributaries are: Jovacka, Lepenicka rivers. By analyzing the condition of the quality of surface water, the conclusion can be reached that the quality of water of the Southern Morava River has significantly worsened in both the microbiological sense as well as in the physical-chemical sense and is among the worst in the past fifteen years. These kinds of results of the analysis of the existing condition of quality of water of the Southern Morava River indicate that no projects have been launched for installing devices for treatment of communal waste water in the upstream section of the

- 17 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP basin, and that this is a consequence of intensive use of artificial fertilizer in agricultural production. A certain volume of negative effects are the consequence of the existence of the current road M-1 and the major railway line Belgrade - Nis - FYR Macedonian border. In order to supply the town of Vladicin Han with water, two springs have been formed in the Alluvium (Wolf) whose capacity is Q = 26 l/s. These springs are approximately 500 - 600 m distant from the projected highway alignment. The overlying permeable layer is very thin (up to 3 m), so the natural protection from direct pollution is negligible. Water quality according to the classes of the South Morava river on measuring station Vladicin Han belongs to the category II B.

Waterways

On the survey mark at km 922+100 to km 922+400 there is the group of waterways on the left side of the newly projected road.. This is the zone of the reserve water-supply well of Vranje. However, this spring has been abandoned as the primary water supply for the city.

3.3 Air

Within the corridor of the future highway section between Vladicin Han and Donji Neradovac there are no significant non-point or point sources of air pollution. The major road M-1, as well as regional roads R-214, R-124 and R-223 is linear sources which could potentially cause an increased concentration of air pollutants. Due to no industrial structures being marked within the studied area which could cause increased levels of concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere, It can be justifiably assumed that the quality of the air is at a satisfactory level.

3.4 Climate factors

The entire area along the planned alignment of the highway is characterized by a mild - continental climate. It is especially evident in the valley of the Southern Morava and along its banks, characterized by mild summers, cold winters with heavy precipitation and clearly defined transitional seasons of which autumn is exceptionally long. There is a relatively small volume of precipitation during the summer, but there are strong wind currents. The annual mean air temperature for the period of 1931 - 1970 was 8 - 10 C, and in the valley of the Southern Morava it was 10 - 14 C. The annual mean temperature amplitude was 20 - 22 C.

3.5 Ecosystems (Flora and Fauna)

Forest ecosystems of the analyzed region are exceptionally poor and can be characterized as artificial ecosystems resulting from cultivation of agricultural land and limited areas of degraded forests. Bush ecosystems within the borders of the analyzed corridor show up mostly as the remains of degraded forest ecosystems or as a phase of their natural regeneration. The most common form of bush ecosystems is hedges along agricultural roads or between cultivated ecosystems. Bush ecosystems within the analyzed region are mostly represented by communities of hawthorn and blackthorn. Herbaceous ecosystems are mostly represented by flat meadows in the zone of the river. They are represented by species which characterize a region with a high level of

- 18 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP underground water. Considering that the meadows are mostly degraded, there is a strong presence of weed species. Communal and industrial waste waters entering aquatic ecosystems alter the recipient's quality and cause communities characteristic of clean water to be replaced by ones found in polluted water. Also, as a result of favorable conditions for agricultural production within the vicinity of the river where the soil is fertile and with a sufficient quantity of moisture, autochthonous ecosystems are almost completely lost and in their place are now agrarian ecosystems. In the corridor of the E-75 Highway there is mainly cultivated land, but very few orchards, meadows, shrubbery ecosystems and forests. They come in the form of small parcels and properties while cultivated land takes up the largest portion of space in continuity. Wetland ecosystems within the analyzed region are composed primarily of the ecosystems of the Southern Morava. These ecosystems are in large measure degraded due to the presence of pollution in the water. Saprobiological analysis of water of the Southern Morava River was performed using macrozoobenthos as a bioindicator. Samples were collected seasonally during the period of 2001-2003. At all investigated localities along the course of the Southern Morava, absolute dominance was achieved by bioindicators of β-mesosaprobity, whose presence characterizes water of quality class II. Greater values of the saprobity index (2.27-2.43) were recorded at localities along whole river section from Vranje to V.Han. The Southern Morava is characterized by a significant capacity for self-purification, which is most evident in the upper course of the river, between Vranje and V.Han. The Vranjska River empties into the Southern Morava upstream from locality near Vranje, and the pollution it carries causes drastic deterioration of water quality (2.43±0.04) and changes in composition of the benthofauna. To be specific, the tolerant groups Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, Hirudinea, and Isopoda assume total dominance, while the sensitive groups Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, and Coleoptera disappear almost completely. Partial purification of the Southern Morava (indicated by a statistically significant decrease in the saprobity index to 2.27±0.05) occurs already 10 km downstream from Vranje, at locality where Trichoptera larvae, primarily species from the family Hydropsychidae, assume a dominant role with participation of 35.62% at this locality. In contrast to Oligochaeta and Chironomidae, whose participation in total abundance at this locality declines drastically in relation to measuring place near Vranje, the representation of Hirudinea declines only insignificantly, while that of Isopoda even increases, with the result that this group assumes a subdominant role with 15.41%, which indicates that the level of organic pollution (in which these organisms achieve their greatest abundance) is still high. However, 20 km downstream from Vranje, the situation at locality in regard to both the saprobity index (2.06±0.04) and composition of the bottom fauna returns completely to the picture observed before entry of the Vranjska River. In this way, after a succession of several bottom communities caused by anthropogenic disturbance and processes of self-purification, a stable community with pronounced dominance of species from the family Hydropsychidae was once again formed, and this community remained characteristic of the benthozoocenosis all the way to Vladicin Han. Since the Southern Morava between Vranje and Vladicin Han receives only relatively small watercourses (the Banjska Vranjska and Korbacevska Rivers), the river's large capacity would appear to be primarily responsible for the process of its self-purification. The Southern Morava has registered representatives of aquatic wildlife characteristic of the flowing water in our climate such as: chub, gudgeon, barbel, carp, catfish and occasional individuals of other species. Forests of willow, poplar and other hygrophilous species are represented along the length of the waterways in very small areas together with hygrophilous meadows. These forests

- 19 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP represent the remains of an area once rich in forest land which has been almost completely cleared away for the purpose of cultivated land and expanding settlements. The ecosystems have been anthropogenically altered, so the living elements of the ecosystems (plants and wildlife) also suffer from that influence.

3.6 Inhabitants

The analyzed area is located in South Serbia. Administratively speaking, the considered area includes two municipalities in Pcinja county – Vladicin Han and Vranje. This area is populated in different ways depending on whether one is speaking of urban environment along the Morava valley or of rural settlements without a firm urban matrix, whose basic activity is farming. The general characteristic of this area is a high number of hamlets with a very small density of population and a completely isolated individual buildings functioning as individual farming households. The South Morava region, according to the available regional development indicators, belongs to the little-developed areas in Serbia. Settlements in the South Morava valley are mostly rural, except the urban settlements which are, at the same time, centers of the said municipalities. The villages are small, according to the number of their inhabitants, which is 200 – 500 in average, as well as according to the number of households in them. Rural areas are actually presently emigration zone. The population of Vladicin Han has been increased 3.1 times, of Vranje 3.9, and of Vranjska Spa 2.3 times and these are the main immigration areas. The birth rate, which refers to the entire population in the considered area, is decreasing because the population is leaving the area and due to local migrations directed towards the said urban centers. The average total number of households is still unchanged. The number of working citizens, as well as the active ones in the agriculture, is rapidly decreasing. The basic characteristics of the populace include a low population density and reduced urbanization. Of the 17 settlements, two can be considered cities. The remaining settlements are mostly spread out with an average population of 400. Polom, Dekutince, Gramadja, Vrbovo, and Mazarac, belong to the municipality Vladicin Han and Prevalac, Korbevac, Mostanica, Vranjska Banja, Bresnica, Ranutovac, Suvi Dol, Ribnice, G. Neradovac and D. Neradovac belong to Vranje.

3.7 Immovable cultural assets

Immovable cultural assets are protected along with the space in which they are located. It has been established that there are six structures within the studied area that belong to the aforementioned category. The locality of Crkviste covers the northeastern part of the Selista estate which in this part is slightly flattened. According to the configuration of the terrain, it can be concluded that the church edifice has retained walls of a significant height. The location Suvi Rid in the area of the village Dekutince, municipality Vladicin Han, is a necropolis from the Middle Ages. The locality of Gramadje in the area of the village of Gramadja, in the municipality of Vladicin Han, is located west of the village on the right side of the highway where there are three visible mounds. The locality of Mirce in the area of Vrbovo, municipality Vladicin Han, is located along the old road which crosses through the village of Panevlje, parallel with the highway at the place where it crosses Mirce Creek.

- 20 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP Table 3.7 Recorded cultural heritage structures

Place Name of locality Basic characteristic

Polom Crkviste Settlement - middle ages

Civlak Civlak multi-layer settlement

Dekutince Suvi Rid multi-layer settlement Prehistoric settlement, Gramadja Gramadje necropolis, multi-layer findings Suvi Do Suvi Dol multi-layer findings

Ranutovac Ranutovac multi-layer settlement

Vrbovo Mirce Roman settlement

Zlatokop Crkvene Njive Roman settlement Therapeutic - recreational Vranjska Banja Health resort center

Some of the sites are known from investigations in 1959, where housing artefacts from prehistoric mounds/barrows were discovered, but much of the three mounds were destroyed during subsequent road construction.

For the purpose of completing information related to the position of protected cultural sites within the alignment, on September 21, 2010 the representatives of K10DOO (Darko Subarevic and Igor Radovic), together with the representative of the World Bank (Nikola ILLE) and an archeologist from the Vranje City Museum (Goran Mitrovic), conducted a tour of the section and confirmed the precise location of archeological sites within the extended vicinity of the alignment of the future highway.

During the tour of the section, in accordance with the conclusions from the EIA Study, special attention was given to the “Gramadja” (or “Gramade” as it is known locally) site, near the settlement of the same name, which has been recorded in the zone of the alignment of the future highway. It was established that the “Gramadja” site is located at chainage km 903+475, at a distance of 45 m to 110 m right of the axis of the future highway.

- 21 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP

Position of the “Gramadja” site on a map of Serbia

Position of the “Gramadja” site in relation to the settlement of Gramadja and the future E-75 Highway

Structure of the “Gramadja” site and the characteristic distances from the axis and edge of the future E-75 Highway, Section V. Han - D. Neradovac

- 22 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP

A B C

“Gramadja” site, tumuli A, B and C,

The site itself is composed of three earth mounds or tumuli (A, B and C, see attached picture) which are presumed to be the burial mounds of former rulers from the classical period. The contents of the site has not yet been investigated and the project envisages that a protective archeological investigation be conducted before works begin on construction of the section of the highway from V. Han to D. Neradovac. The same is planned for the remaining 4 sites stated in the conditions of the Institute. In accordance with this, K10 will ensure that a protective archeological investigation is conducted as soon as possible and of course before beginning works on construction of the section of highway in question.

3.8 Landscape

The main characteristic of the landscape of the section is the valley through which the Southern Morava runs with its tributaries. The highway in general follows the flow of the river and also intersects with it and its tributaries. The terrain is flat or with a mild roll, covered in cultivated surfaces of land which give the landscape a striking appearance. The parcels of land are divided into smaller plots on which various cultures are grown such as fruits, vegetables or grains. The change of the cultures makes the landscape attractive to the observer, due to the change of coloring of vegetation during the year, as well as the variation of grown species. The diversity of the landscape is also contributed to by the surfaces covered in other vegetation as well as the settlements along the alignment of the highway. The groves are of a sprouting character and are located right along the waterways and other smaller forest areas can be found scattered within the complex of cultivated surfaces. All of these are the degraded remains of the former vegetation of this area which today remains on the borders of properties.

- 23 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP 4. SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

4.1 Geology and soils

Construction Phase Degradation of soil on the section Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac is limited to the category of borrow pit, since the planned road is designed on embankment. The shortage of quality materials for construction may be compensated from existing borrow pits in the vicinity of the newly designed highway section, and also can be taken from the alluvial deposits but not from the river bed. Sand and gravel, as good quality materials for embankments and subgrade may be used from licensed and regulated quarries in the vicinity. Alternatively, it is possible to use fresh pre-crushed green shale. Pollution of the soil in this phase may be caused as a result of improper manipulation of petroleum and petroleum derivatives which are used for construction machinery and other devices during construction, cleaning of vehicles and machinery outside of the prescribed and arranged areas, inadequate arrangement of the construction site and other activities which are not carried out according to recommended technical mitigation measures during construction. With road construction, problematic influences in the soil (degradation) are mainly manifested in the need for transporting large quantities of construction material as well as the requirement of opening borrow pits or dumping areas. Another important factor in this phase is also the unavoidable requirement of removing the top layer of soil from large surface areas. The process of road construction itself is characterized by extensive mechanical stabilization in the corridor of the roadbed and in places where temporary access roads are formed, which, in individual sensitive sections, could have an influence on the entire system of parameters of soil, primarily in the sense of its water permeability, air content, etc. Operational Phase During the phase of operation of the road, pollution of soil will mostly be the consequence of the following processes:  pollution from atmospheric waters from the roadway,  settling of exhaust gases,  discarding organic and non-organic waste,  spilling of loads,  settling of atmospheric particles carried by wind, and  dispersal due to movement of vehicles. Taking into consideration the concept of drainage (open system and rain drainage in the median and longer cuts) of atmospheric waters on the analyzed section of the newly planned highway, it can be concluded that the most significant level of soil pollution occurs in the area 5.0 to 10.0 m from the carriageway during heavy traffic loads. The already mentioned lead represents the most significant polluting material from traffic with

- 24 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP regards to agriculture and the production of food. The greatest effect of lead and cadmium is in the zones of 1.0 to a maximum of 5.0 m from the edge of carriageway, which is within the protective zone of the road. The engineering-geological and hydrological characteristics of the soil, as well as the planned earthworks on the position of the overpasses create the conditions for the occurrence of settling of the road bed which could in certain circumstances reflect in the permeability of the soil. Regardless of settling of soil below the embankment, and with consideration for the local hydrogeological characteristics and time lapse of consolidation, negative effects are not expected. Based on the project documentation, around 1,600,000 m3 is envisaged to be excavated and placed into the roadbed of the highway. It also envisages the excavation of 250,000 m3 be taken from the alluvial deposits and placement of the same into the roadbed of the highway. Construction of the analyzed section requires excavation of around 500 000 m3 from borrow pits.

4.2 Air quality

Construction Phase The carrying out of construction works, according to its nature, represents a significant source of pollution in the atmosphere due to the use of construction machinery which uses mostly fossil fuels for propulsion. Moving large earth masses during construction of the road (cut, embankment) can in certain conditions result in large quantities of dust being lifted into the atmosphere, which could trigger negative consequences in the populace and vegetation. The operation of asphalt plants, as well as the placement of asphalt on the road bed, results in the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC), comprising a significant percentage of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) which are known carcinogens. In this case, the space in which construction works are to be executed is at more than 100m distant from the populated area and thus no negative effects on health of the population are expected. The asphalt plants will be located outside the project impact zone. Operational Phase The calculation of concentrations of air pollutants for characteristic cross-sections of the planned highway was done using an advanced computer program based on the procedures of modeling defined in the directives for calculation of air pollution on roads (Merkblat über Luftverunreinigungen an Strassen, MLuS-90). Based on the data obtained from the analysis of characteristic conditions and the limit values defined by the Rulebook on Limit Values, Methods of Measuring Emissions, and Criteria for Setting Up Measuring Locations and Recording Data (Official Gazette RS 54/92), the following conclusions were made:  during windy periods, the concentration of hydrocarbons exceeds the limits (permanent and immediate values) as do the immediate values of nitrogen dioxide;

 the immediate values of the concentration of hydrocarbons (CXHYmax) exceeds the limit along the entire alignment, on the left side 14 - 35 m from the edge of the roadway (average 27 m), on the right side 16 - 37 m (average 29.5);

 the permanent values of hydrocarbons (CXHYsr) exceed the limit along the entire alignment except for at the cross sections from km 900+700 to km 901+100 and from km 902+500 to km 905+500 on the left side, with a 5 m average width of the affected

- 25 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP zone (max 12 m) and from km 923+500 to km 924+400 on the right side, with a 7 m average width of the affected zone (max 13 m); and

 the short term concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2max) exceed the limit from km 923+700 to km 924+300 on the left side (max 5 m) and from km 902+800 to km 905+500 on the right side (max 7 m). From the aspect of impact of various air pollutants on flora, this phenomenon is particularly important for arable areas and cultivated plants. The obtained results show that in the belt of an average width of 27 m on the left side and 30 m on the right side of the road in the periods of design wind, it is possible to expect exceeded short-term concentrations of hydrocarbons (CXHYmax) that may cause permanent negative consequences on the growth and development of plants. It is recommended to avoid cultivation of sensitive plant species in the mentioned corridor, although there is no legal restriction for growing of any other crops. The general conclusion that may be made based on the performed analyses is that the air pollution problem is not significant in the zone of influence of the planned highway.

4.3 Noise

Construction Phase The construction phase is characterized by the operation of machines and plants located along the road under construction. The main sources of noise are the heavy construction machines and traffic in connection with the execution of works. The organization of the construction of a linear structure, such as a road, is characterized by the arrangement of construction machines over a relatively large surface area, which whilst it makes it more difficult to intervene with regard to the protection of environment from elevated noise levels in this phase, also diminishes the impact by diluting it along the construction zone. Exposure to these impacts is limited in time and temporary and as such it is considered in the mitigation measures during the construction phase. Operational Phase During the operational phase, road traffic plays a dominant role in terms of the environmental impact of noise.. The noise impact analysis implies the definition of the parameters of traffic noise on a spatially and functionally defined road. The status which is defined in this way is compared with current legal postulates with regard to the maximum permissible levels for particular facilities. Exceeding the permissible levels imply the analysis of the need to take necessary protection measures. For the concrete calculation of the authoritative level at any point of a section, special computer programs were used which were developed on the basis of the instructions titled: "Richtlinien für den Larmschutz and Strassen RLS-90" (ref. 15). The obtained authoritative levels indicate that in the planned period the levels of noise at the referenced distance of 25 m (from the centerline, or the edge of the carriageway?) hover around 76 dB(A) during the day and during the night around 70 dB(A). The difference between levels in individual locations is a consequence of physical restrictions in the cross-section which cause the reduction in level. If the limit value of the permitted level of 55 dB(A) is adopted for nighttime conditions, which applies to structures along major highways, under the conditions of free distance of sound, this value would be reached at the closest distance of around 70 m and at the furthest distance of around 260 m from the axis of the planned highway.

- 26 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP Based on the numerical data obtained by calculation and the relevant levels defined by law, a conclusion may be drawn that limit noise levels are exceeded in the several zones in which the registered structures are located and appropriate mitigation measures are planned by using noise protection barriers:  km 900+100 to km 901+150, left  km 901+750 to km 902+850, left  km 903+100 to km 903+600, left  km 906+150 to km 907+150, left  km 908+700 to km 912+350, left  km 920+810 to km 921+022, left  km 924+750 to km 925+714, left  km 900+350 to km 901+850, right  km 902+450 to km 905+000, right  km 906+150 to km 907+250, right  km 910+050 to km 910+250, right  km 910+600 to km 911+400, right  km 916+200 to km 918+150, right  km 919+172 to km 919+480, right  km 920+445 to km 920+941, right  km 923+225 to km 923+937, right  km 924+045 to km 925+593, right

4.4 Flora, Fauna and visual impact

4.4.1 Impact on flora Based on the analyzed impacts of the planned road alignment in the sphere of air and water pollution, and soil pollution, occupancy of surfaces and division of space, it is possible to derive conclusions in respect of possible impacts on ecosystems of areas across which the road alignment shall pass. It is also essential to pay particular attention to the comments and requirements of the INP, who provided detailed comments on the individual road sections. Preconditions obtained from INP, related to E-75 Highway section from Vladicin Han to Donji Neradovac are given in the document No 03-2581/2 from 29.11.2007. This document is available in Appendix IV of this EMP and also as a part of EIA for Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac Highway section which can be obtained in the PEPS main office, Belgrade, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 282. INP comments included notes on the conservation status of ecosystems and species of flora and fauna, general mitigation measures and the need to undertake additional investigations during detailed design, so as to minimise potential adverse impacts. For this reason an allowance for such studies has been made in the EMP. The facts which have been introduced within the framework of the existing conditions indicate that, with consideration for local conditions and plant diversity of the area, especially negative effects should not be expected. This specifically concerns the fact that the area of interest for the analysis is exclusively characterized by agricultural ecosystems and occasional (individual) examples of plant life mostly along the banks of the Southern Morava. The effect of air pollution on plant life is spatially limited to a narrow belt along the road itself being that the concentrations which are permitted by the limit values, with

- 27 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP consideration for the possible negative effects, are reached only at the edge of the road for a majority of components. This is a consequence, as was also concluded in the chapter on air pollution, of traffic load and the conditions of transmission of pollutants on roads located outside of cities. The effects of soil pollution on plants of the area surrounding the highway are also limited spatially, along the very edge of the road and in the drainage gutters, being that the concentrations of pollutants are small. Certain effects in the area directly along the highway can be expected only through the effects of soil salinization as the consequence of winter maintenance. The greatest effect on plant life within the considered area is of course expressed through the already analyzed effect of consumption of space. This effect is pronounced along the entire length of the planned section because it concerns the land with reproductive characteristics. A series of other effects are present in smaller measure, but it must be noted that none of them result in effects on the elements of plant life which are of exceptional value for nature. The construction of the highway inevitably leads to a temporary or permanent loss of green surfaces covered with bushes, forest land, trees and other vegetation living along water courses, as well as of land used for agricultural production. Areas with the total loss of vegetation and altered flora are shown below: Total vegetation loss Altered vegetation Vegetation under ROAD SECTION (ha) loss (ha) some impact (ha) Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac Highway 60 71.2 87.5 section

4.4.2 Impacts on fauna Construction Phase Impacts on fauna in the given area are related to the occupancy of land, since this is when some habitats, breeding ponds, and refugia are destroyed, and traditional animal paths are cut off. Any pollution of soil, ground and surface waters can negatively impact fauna in the study area. In the course of highway construction, the area will be modified through the alteration of physical characteristics of the space, transformation of land by the highway construction and preparation of the ground, and there are also certain forms of pollution. The modification of the area reflects through the modification of habitats (change in geometry, floors, mosaic like nature, and general conditions of refuge and food chain), the removal of soil cover (the removal, erosion, or destruction of top layers of rock and soil), the change in hydrological regimes (changes in the composition and structure of habitats, so as to affect soil moisture of the area), noise and vibrations.

Operational Phase

Negative impacts appearing in the operation of the highway potentially occur through the possibility of animal fatalities on the open highway, disturbance of the area through which the highway passes, by increased noise levels, and through elevated levels of all forms of pollution, particularly air pollution. A special form of hazard for fauna in the study area is potential pollution of soil, surface and ground waters, and air pollution in case of accidents. To minimise animal casualties, the entire alignment of the highway is to be fenced, with a finer mesh towards the base of the fence line.

- 28 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP The highway construction will fragment habitats of floral and faunal species and could create an impassable barrier for many animal species. In order to preserve bio-diversity of the region it is necessary to facilitate free movement of individuals between preserved sub- populations and natural habitats. It is therefore necessary to build ecological corridors to interconnect spatial units of isolated natural habitats. The preservation of connectivity of these ecological corridors is of top priority for the preservation of bio-diversity of the region. For that purpose it is necessary, during the design and construction of the highway, to plan the construction of passages for small and large animals, above or under the highway, depending on needs and characteristics of the ground, in order to mitigate negative effects of the road as much as possible. Communication from the Institute for Nature Protection has indeed revealed the need to maintain connectivity of animal habitat and they have agreed that the many culverts and drainage pipes under the highway should suffice as crossing points to allow free passage of amphibia during their seasonal breeding migrations. Details of the crossing infrastructure are as follows:

Number of box culverts as underpasses for small and Section medium animals Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac 5

Number of pipe culverts as underpasses for small Section animals Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac 7

Section Other culverts as underpasses for small animals Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac 4

Within the INP preconditions there were no specific requests about providing crossing or overpasses for large animals. area near the Juzna Morava, zone from Vladicin Han to Presevo, represents the habitat of the sibling vole (Microtus rossiameridionalis), which is very rare in Serbia since it can be found only at three locations, which are all within or very near the alignment of the new highway. It is mandatory to include protection measures for this rare habitat into contractor site specific EMP. 4.4.3 Visual impact In respect to visual impact, the execution of works will have some inevitable negative impact, which will be reflected by the alteration of the existing terrain topography. In the course of operation of the highway, after all works have been completed and the new traffic flow has been established, impacts on landscape will continue to be noticeable. Based on the data from the preliminary design of the planned highway, the value of the “landscape profile” was calculated for all cross sections and a coefficient of endangerment to the landscape has been determined in the function from the category of terrain. Based on this data, the coefficient of "disturbance" of the landscape confirms that in the morphological sense, the alignment of the planned highway does not excessively burden the landscape. Local effects are present in the zone of overpasses over the existing roads and railway lines and in the zone of grade-separated interchanges. Of the structures which have been constructed in the function of the road, it is possible to carry out an evaluation of the effect of grade-separated interchanges, as well as overpasses which cross roads and railway lines. Considering the normal spatial relations which are the

- 29 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP standard for the rank of the planned highway, special visual effects should not be expected, but it should be noticed that in the existing morphological relations these structures are visually dominant. Finally, it can be considered that the spatial entirety which the planned highway belongs to is predominantly characterized by cultivated landscape without especially significant forms and that the dominant form is represented by future grade-separated interchange structures.

4.5 Surface and ground water

Construction Phase Pollution during the construction phase is of a temporary character, is limited by volume and intensity, but individual cases of damage could lead to serious consequences. We separate two aspects of effects which are caused by construction of the transit structure:  Pollution of the water  Changes to the regime of surface and underground waters. Changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of water, under the condition that the organization of the construction site and procedures during works follow the environmental protection conditions prescribed by this study, can be triggered by accidental pollution from leakage of dangerous and hazardous materials into open flows. For that reason is it necessary to provide a controlled access of machinery to the waterways and other surface waters. Changes in the circulation, speed and flow of surfaces waters occurs due to changes in the morphology of the terrain when carrying out earthworks and during construction of bridges and culverts. During the construction phase, surface water may be seriously endangered by pollution or physical destruction of the river bank. The effects on the regime of surface waters (waterways), on the section Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac of the newly planned alignment of the highway, are not directly conditioned by construction of the section, except in the part which is related to restricting highway construction works around the river regulation structures (regulation of the river S. Morava, Gradska River and Ribnicka River). The justification of works on arrangement of the riverbeds lies in the prevention of landslides and erosion, but on the other hand those same works may have a negative affect on the environment, most of all on plants and wildlife in and around those waterways. Conflicts may arise with marine plants and wildlife due to increased retention of sediments as a result of construction works. Destroying the bank and vegetation of the bank will significantly diminish the value of these areas in the sense of plants and wildlife. Changes in the regime of underground water could occur as a result of construction of bridge columns, settling of soil underneath high embankments, etc. Construction of engineered structures will require the level of underground water to be temporarily lowered. As a consequence of lowering underground water through draining, effects on vegetation could arise. All of these changes to the regime of underground water and effects on vegetation will be of a temporary character.

- 30 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP Operational Phase The main sources of pollutants during operation of the observed section are: vehicles, precipitation and dust. During the phase of operation of the road, pollution of water will mostly be the consequence of the following processes: settling of exhaust gases, wearing of tires, destruction of body and leaking of load, spilling of loads, discarding organic and non- organic waste, settling from atmosphere, carrying by wind, dispersal due to passing vehicles, etc. Pollution as a consequence of the aforementioned processes, according the characteristics of its duration, may be constant, seasonal and incidental (accidental). A series of harmful materials are present in the water which runs off from the surface of the roadway. This mostly concerns the components of fuel such as hydrocarbons, organic and non-organic carbon, and nitrogen compounds (nitrates, nitrites, ammonia). A special group of elements is composed of heavy metals such as lead (fuel additive), cadmium, copper, zinc, mercury, iron and nickel. A significant portion is also made up of solid materials of varying structures and characteristics which appear in the form of settled, suspended or dissolved particles. It is also possible to register materials which are the consequence of using corrosion protection substances. Another group of very carcinogenic materials is polyaromatic hydrocarbons (benzopyrene, fluoranthene) which are the product of the uncompleted combustion of fuel and used motor oil. For indication of present pollutants which appear in dissolved or undisolved form, there is a series of macro indicators such as: pH, electrical conductivity, suspended and sediment materials, COD, BOD, grease and oil, etc. In accordance with the stated positions, and based on foreign experiences acquired from 20-year studies, an estimation has been done for emissions of polluting materials which appear during operation of the observed section for the traffic load in the planned period, the results are displayed in the table 4.5. Table 4.5 Quantity of polluting materials, by unit of surface area, which forecasted traffic emits during one year Polluting materials (kg/ha/yr) Suspended particles 354.97 BOD5 15.91 COD 119.95 total organic carbon 61.20 Nitrates 2.40 total phosphorus 0.32 oil and grease 5.51 Copper 0.02 Iron 6.11 Lead 0.10 Zinc 0.19 A solution for a drainage system which removes water from the surface of the roadway has been envisaged as a rain drainage system for water removal from the zone of some cuts, while in other cuts it will be done freely through gutters. The analyzed section of the highway for the most part is located on an embankment, so water removal is realized

- 31 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP through free flow over the shoulder and slope of the embankment where it is freely dispersed across the terrain. The retention basin, which is placed close to the recipient (Southern Morava), is the place where runoff water from the roadway accumulates. On the section Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac, the placement of the one retention basin has been envisaged from which water will be released through a cleaning device into the recipient. Removal of oil, petroleum and petroleum derivatives is done using coalescent filters. The retention basin will be encased in clay material in order to avoid the infiltration of polluted water into the water permeable layer. This type of water removal concept using also the abandoned water supply well will also provide adequate protection from pollution of surrounding soil, but lead to a concentration of pollution at the site of the retention basin, due to which it is necessary to plan for the periodic emptying of the sediment bay and separator. Within the studied area along the length of the alignment of the newly planned section Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac, there is a prevailing presence of river deposits 10 - 15 m thick, with a high level of underground water (from 0.5 - 3.0 m). Top layers (aleurites and -7 aleurite clays with an average filtration coefficient of kf = 1.0 h 10 m/s), are mostly represented by a natural protection of sandy gravel layers which encase the water-bearing layer. It must be noted that in situations of accidental leakage of dangerous materials, these layers do not represent adequate protection, so other measures are applied which are stated in chapter 5 (Mitigation measures). The problem of accidental pollution is impossible to quantify in this way because it primarily concerns individual cases spread out according to location and time. Bridges represent a significant risk for the issue of waterway pollution, especially in cases of accidents. When damages have already occurred, the possibilities of rehabilitation are very small. Furthermore, special attention must be given to the water supply well located at chainage km 922 + 100 through km 922 + 400 (group of water intake structures on the left side of the newly planned highway). With consideration of that supply well being abandoned and serving only as a reserve supply of water for the city of Vranje, the controlled collection of water from the surface of the highway has been envisaged on the section from km 921+800 to km 922+700 along with its further transfer to the retention basin through open concrete canals. The retention basin for cleaning collected water would be located at km 921+867 on the left side.

4.6 Impacts on social /cultural environment

4.6.1 Impact on population The construction of the Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac Highway section, as a part of E– 75 Nis - FYRM border highway, will have a stimulating effect on a better traffic and economic connection of the Republic of Serbia with its surroundings, as well as on faster development of the region served by this corridor. From the perspective of the interests of certain social groups as users of the space and the structures within that space, the construction of the highway may have a twofold effect on the socio-economic and commercial development of the specific area. Two basic populations of interest stand out for the section of the highway Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac (26 km). The first group is made up of users of the highway, while the second is owners of the land on which the analyzed section is built. With the construction

- 32 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP of the planned highway, the conditions for travel are improved while simultaneously decreasing expenses and increasing the safety of users from the aforementioned first group. Construction of the road may increase the communication of smaller developed settlements with the urban centers Vladicin Han, Vranje and Vranjska Banja which in the commercial sense, are better developed. The rental potential of the settlements is improved, which stimulates positive social and economic effects for the local populace. On the other hand, the crossing of the highway through the direct vicinity of settlements may decrease the intensity of usage of individual settlement areas and activities (due to noise, high intensity of traffic, increased number of travelers in transit), so in that way it influences a change in the purpose of the space, decreasing its value and the owner’s profit. The construction of the road may lead to worsened living conditions in a settlement and its zones. The passing of the highway through the municipality Vladicin Han partially jeopardizes the development of rural settlements and imperils the functional connection between parts of the settlement which are completely cut off or made more difficult. The position of the highway at the very edge of the construction development of Vladicin Han represents a restriction for further expansion of the city towards the east, with consideration of the fact that according to GUP, the general direction of expanding construction area, and those being areas intended for housing, is envisaged to go in that direction. From Vladicin Han towards the south, the corridor of the highway goes along the bottom of the depression and predominantly follows highly productive soil, especially on the stretch Krcmiste - Aniste - Bela Voda. Comparing the effects of construction, positive and negative, in both cases leads to the conclusion that the benefits to social circumstances in the case of construction of the planned section of the highway are much greater than the damage which also occurs as a consequence of construction. 4.6.2 Purpose, usage and consumption of land The studied area is characterized by a dominance of plowed surfaces. Vineyards and orchards are arranged in a mosaic fashion. As far as percentages are concerned, the smallest share of total space is taken by meadows and forests. The remaining space belongs to construction areas. The effect of the road on occupancy of space is one of the criteria for evaluating the spatial consequences. Over the past years not much attention has been given to occupying the most fertile lands and the indicators were expressed only as monetary values of completed expropriation. The structure of occupied areas with consideration of their purpose according to sections is displayed in table 4.6.2. Table 4.6.2 Review of occupied spaces according to purpose (hectares) cultivated meadows forests low vegetation settlement vineyards and land orchards 18.8 9.3 1.0 0.5 2.3 3.8

4.6.3 Impact on population health The health effects of the planned highway encompass the effects on the populace within the settled areas along the highway, as well as on the drivers of motor vehicles and other participants in traffic (passengers, travelers, pedestrians). These effects encompass exposure to noise, vibrations and air pollution (combustion of oil and exhaust gases). Road traffic endangers the populace both in central zones of cities and in areas around highways which are located outside the cities (major, regional and local roads). Motor

- 33 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP vehicles, the exhaust gases of which reduce the quality of air, represent a significant polluter of the environment. The internal combustion engine emits a large number of gases, of which the most important (because of their proven negative effects on humans) are: CO, NOx, SO2, hydrocarbons, lead, as well as solid particles in the form of soot. Exhaust gases created by the combustion of fuel within internal combustion engines contain various quantities of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and other gases. The path of infiltration of these gases into the body is the respiratory system, so the harmful consequences to the body appear most often in the respiratory organs. Pulmonary edema, bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia can occur as a consequence of poisoning from these gases. Only cases of exceptionally high concentrations of any of these gases can result in effects to other organs in the body (acute carbon monoxide poisoning causes death or coma accompanied by diffusive damage to the brain, carbon dioxide causes depression of the breathing center. It is also possible for soil and water to become polluted with dangerous and toxic materials in the case of an accidental spill. During construction of the section Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac, residents of the settlements which the newly planned highway crosses through or passes by will be exposed to various effects which are of a temporary character and are spatially limited. They will be exposed to the evaporation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) during placement of asphalt layers. Earthworks lead to a significant emission of dust. Unpleasant smells result from the use materials including construction materials, drainage and waste. The influence of vibrations on the body can lead to two types of effects: Physical (mechanical, thermal) and biological (influences on the hearing and vestibular system, on proprioceptors and mechanoreceptors). Vibrations decrease sensitivity to pain, temperature and touch (fingers, toes and stomach region are especially sensitive). An increased sensitivity to vibration is experienced by people afflicted with heart problems, hypertension and hypotension, middle ear problems and disturbances of the ovarian cycle. The negative effects of the highway on the health of the populace have been reduced to the minimum through the design solution. 4.6.4 Impact on cultural monuments Preconditions obtained from IPCM, related to whole E-75 Highway section Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac are given in the document No 10/721 from 09.04.2008. This document is available in Appendix IV of this EMP and also as a part of EIA for Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac Highway section which can be obtained in the PEPS main office, Belgrade, Bulevar kralja Aleksandra 282. No statutorily protected archaeological sites will be directly affected by the construction works. On the marked highway section, during systematic archeological reconnaissance carried out in 2003, the following archeological findings were recorded:

- 34 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP Table 4.6.4 Recorded cultural heritage structures

Place Name of locality Basic characteristic

Polom Crkviste Settlement - middle ages

Civlak Civlak multi-layer settlement

Dekutince Suvi Rid multi-layer settlement Prehistoric settlement, Gramadja Gramadje necropolis, multi-layer findings Suvi Do Suvi Dol multi-layer findings

Ranutovac Ranutovac multi-layer settlement

Vrbovo Mirce Roman settlement

Zlatokop Crkvene Njive Roman settlement Therapeutic - recreational Vranjska Banja Health resort center

For these locations, exept Mirce near Vrbovo, a site specific mitigation measures are included in EMP. On those locations the K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) will finance pre- excavations, production of adequate documentation and, if necessary, fund activities in order to ensure conservation of physical cultural resources. Before commencement of the construction work, the K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) will make a contract with the IPCM to procure adequate pre-excavation and excavation works and permanent site supervision during the execution of civil works. The archeological location in the vicinity of Vrbovo is outside of the directly affected zone. The Law on Cultural Resources requires that the investor and contractor, in the case of the discovery of new, unrecorded locations, must enable and provide for archeological intervention. That consists of the momentary halting of works and informing the authorized Bureau for Protection of Cultural Memorials of the discovery. This of course requires occasional archeological monitoring during construction. The investor is required to provide the financial means for all envisaged works - probing archeological research, occasional archeological monitoring, protective archeological interventions, etc. The Contractor will prepare action plan as a part of the bidding document, and update it periodically in accordance with the new findings (if any). The initial plan will consider the whole section (Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac Highway section) to be subject of actions relevant to chance finds, in addition to specific measures to deal with above mentioned sites/locations. The updated action plans will be subject to obtaining consent from the IPCM and any other relevant authority, as may be instructed by the K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”). In case of locations that may be of interest (chance finds), K10DOO will provide funds for – archaeological probing, occasional archaeological supervision, protection of the

- 35 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP archaeological intervention, etc. The effective protection measures in case of chance finds will include immediate stop of all works in progress around the new finds, adequate fencing to prevent unauthorized access and immediate notification of IPCM. The preconditions of the IPCM are summarized as: No excavation, demolition, alteration or any works that may harm the properties of the cultural monument may be carried out. IPCM and authorized expert must be timely notified of the commencement of earth and other works at the archaeological site or in its immediate vicinity, in order to timely perform all the necessary preparations until the archaeological exploration license is obtained. Identified sites must be marked and secured (with a protective railing or other means of protection) to avoid damage in the course of road construction.

4.6.5 Impact on natural resources Determining the effects of the planned section of the highway in the domain of natural heritage implies the possible effects which relate to protected natural resources or structures of natural heritage which do not have this categorization but deserve special mitigation measures on the basis of their characteristics. Upon reviewing the registry of protected natural resources, it was established that within the analyzed area there is one structure which falls under this category. That is the area suitable for health tourism and relaxation which is located within the wide zone of the studied area in Vranjska Banja which is outside the immediate vicinity of the project site, approximately 5 km away. There will be no negative impacts arising from the execution of this project.

4.7 Construction camps

The nature and extent of the construction works will require establishment of a number of Construction Camps, which will house workers, equipment, machinery, fuels and materials. The number, size and location of camps are not currently known and can and will only be determined following mobilization of Contractors to country. From the environmental and social viewpoint, construction camps pose potentially adverse impacts, due to: Additional land requirement; Storage and use of hazardous material, fuels and oils; The need for services including water, electricity, sanitation and wastewater; Potential interference with community harmony and/or community tension resulting form the presence of large numbers of workers, particularly from an influx of foreign workers, who may also be a source of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or HIV. As the number, size and location of camps are not known at this stage, the most effective way to address the potentially adverse impacts is through contractor’s adoption of the guidelines as contractual requirements. These are presented in the EMP in Appendix I of this report. The Contractor’s SSIP - Camp Management Plan should contain, but not be limited to, procedures for establishing and operating construction camps in order to safeguard nearby communities and environmental resources. Work camps will be required to conform to international Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) standards and will thus be furnished with sanitary and wastewater collection and disposal/treatment facilities and will operate fully compliant waste systems, involving storage of waste by waste category. These requirements will be included within the contracts for construction, which should ensure that contractors include sufficient budget for effective HSE management Contractors teams will reflect these provisions, by

- 36 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP including HSE staff and independent environmental specialists to provide advice and to undertake monitoring and auditing.

4.8 Cumulative impacts

Emissions of gases and dust due to excavation and grinding of stone aggregate, together with emissions of pollutants from traffic operation in the air, represent a cumulative impact that may be mitigated by appliance of stricter regulations in relation to operation of the stone quarry. Construction of highway maintenance centers is envisaged for location near Vranje interchange, on km 920+050. There is a possibility that cumulative impacts of these facilities and the road exceed the permitted values of pollutants concentrations in the air as well as noise limits, which will be tested through EIAs prepared for these structures. On km 919+000 there is a complex of structures of Tobacco Industry of Vranje. Cumulative impacts, as the case is for the motel near Vranje junction and Vladicin Han, are possible in relation to air and water pollution. For the sections of the highway positioned near Vladicin Han and Vranje, no significant cumulative impacts are expected. Major new induced development along the alignment of the highway per se is not anticipated, as new highway accesses to only existing facilities and connecting roads will be constructed as part of the Project. The Project highway aims, inter alia, to stimulate economic development and improve communication both regionally and internationally. However, the majority of the areas through which the highway is alignmentd is rural in nature and continues to suffer from out-migration, as people move to the larger cities and towns in search of work etc. The socio-economic studies to be undertaken in the context of preparing RAPs will explore this issue further, but it is not expected that the improved highway connection resulting from the project will have a significant impact on this overall demographic trend, such as stimulating large in-migrations or substantial new development. Improved highway connections, especially those that facilitate movement across international borders always raise the theoretical potential for inadvertently aiding illegal actions such as trafficking of drugs. The border between FYR Macedonia and Serbia includes checks on identity and customs declarations. The smuggling of narcotics across this border is not a particular problem and improved communications are not anticipated to lead to an increase in illegal activities. The overall conclusion from the studies undertaken to date is that adverse significant cumulative impacts are not envisaged as a result of Project implementation.

4.9 Microclimate

The space above the roadway surface itself, in the microclimatic sense, will be characterized by an increased temperature on the very surface which at just a few meters from the edge of the road acquires fixed values. The same nature of change is characteristic for evaporation and light rays, while the humidity of air follows the opposite law- above the road surface it is at its least. All of these microclimatic changes are spatially limited to a small belt on both sides of the highway (up to 10 meters) and in principle do not carry any spatially broad negative effects. The second portion of possible microclimatic changes is characterized by the possible effects which are brought into the local area by artificial construction (embankments and other accompanying objects). Accepting the specific morphological characteristics which are characterized mostly by flat terrain along the entire length of the planned section with

- 37 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP the existing multi-levels from 1 to 3 meters, spatial characteristics of the alignment of the planned section of the highway, as well as local climatic circumstances of which air currents are of special significance, it is possible to reach the conclusion that certain effects can only be expected in the zone of high embankments. The future highway is located on embankments and bridges which are of varying heights. Embankments at a height of more than 8 meters, as structures within the area, may contribute to changes in local microclimatic characteristics in the sense of also preventing changes in air currents. On the observed section, embankments which, by their own existence, will affect change in air currents, viz. changes to microclimatic characteristics of the area, are located at the following chainages:  km 911 + 700 to km 913 + 150, where the bridge across the S. Morava river comes to an end, embankments of a height of ~ 6.0 m to more than 10.0 m,  embankments for overpasses within the framework of the planned „Vranje“ loop and maintenance base (km 920 + 000 to km 921 + 000),  high embankment (> 8 m) with overpass across the railway line (km 922 + 500 to km 923 + 000). At the locations of bridges and overpasses across the railway line or highway, there will be no effect from the high embankments on the microclimate. Considering the wind directions and existence of various headings, these changes will not be spatially fixed, but rather will be primarily determined by the immediate heading of air currents. With consideration for the previously introduced fact, it can be expected that local effects will not have an especially pronounced negative influence. As the land located on both sides of the planned section of the highway is mostly agricultural, the existence of negative effects should be considered primarily from that standpoint. Considering the adopted elements of the cross-section, as well as the width of the transit territory, all of the aforementioned effects will be primarily concentrated within the framework of these spaces, so especially negative effects of microclimatic changes on agriculture should not be expected.

- 38 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP 5. DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1 Site-specific mitigation measures

5.1.1 Soil Construction phase o Organizing the construction within the minimum amount of space needed for its functioning, and during selection of the location, ensuring that it is not an area with developed plant and wildlife characteristics in order to avoid unnecessary loss of biotope. o Strict protection of all areas outside the immediate zone of the agreed work sites, such that no additional areas may be used as a permanent or temporary disposal sites for materials, as borrow pits, or for machine parking or repair; o Collecting humus material and storing it in an organized storage area so that it may be used during finishing works for recultivation and biological protection; Removal, storage and handling of topsoil in such a manner that it can be used in final reinstatement, bio-restoration and stabilization of slopes; o Carrying out all activities with petroleum and its derivatives during construction or the filling of vehicles in a specially defined place with the maximum mitigation measures to ensure that spilling does not occur. Collecting all packaging for oil and other petroleum derivatives and taking them to a controlled storage area; o Storage and handling of fuels, oils and other hydrocarbons in a controlled process, involving measures to prevent soil and water contamination. Work camps should include storage on sealed surfaces and within secondary containment; refueling of all plants, vehicles and machinery should not be allowed within 50m of any watercourse, drain or channel leading to a water course. o Forbidding any opening of non-controlled access roads to any part of the construction sites; o Parking of machines and equipment only at designated sites, which should be provided with specific measures for protection against soil pollution with fuel, oil, or oil derivatives. In the event that soil is contaminated by spillage, the affected layer should be removed and disposed of at approved dump sites, in accordance with the Contractors waste management plans (WMP); o Systematic collection of solid waste during construction (including food and material packaging, and other types of waste) should be undertaken and should be disposed of to agreed licensed facilities, in accordance with the WMP o Cleaning equipment and vehicles will only be allowed in dedicated facilities, designed to avoid ground and water pollution. Similarly, washing out of concrete mixers and uncontrolled removal of remaining concrete should be a controlled operation; the use of „slush pits‟ (lined pits) or tanks should be employed for washing out concrete contaminated equipment following concrete pours. The resultant set concrete can then be disposed of as inert solid waste or reused in bulk fill areas, as appropriate; o Upon completion of material extraction, all borrow pits and waste disposal sites should be reinstated to reduce the visual effect and re-establish natural vegetation. Limitations to this will occur, especially where material is extracted from currently operating, licensed quarries, in which Project influences are restricted, as will be the case for licensed waste disposal facilities. o If damage occurs to a vehicle with dangerous liquid materials, traffic must be

- 39 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP stopped as in the previous case and transferred to a parallel highway. In the meantime the authorized service at the level of the municipality shall be informed and the specialized team for sanitizing damage shall be deployed. The spilled material is removed from the roadway using special sorbents. If the liquid reaches outside of the profile and pollutes the soil, sanitization shall be done by removing the soil. All materials which are collected in this way are treated according to the special procedures of regeneration or are stored in the storage area envisaged for such materials.

Operation phase

o Provide suitable road markings, signs and signals for the section o Draw up operational plans for winter maintenance procedures, taking into account environmental protection; o Slopes of embankments need to be landscaped and planted both to improve the visual effect and reduce potential for surface erosion; o Provide a road protection zone that will not be used as an arable zone. Considering the expected concentrations of the pollutants, this belt should not spread beyond 5 meters from the edge of the road right of way. The grass obtained by the maintenance of green surfaces in the vicinity of the road shall not be used as cattle feed. It will be important to inform and educate local communities regarding the dangers of using this vegetation. According to the law, PEPS is responsible to perform all sampling, measuring and other monitoring activities during the operation phase, by following all recommendations given within the monitoring plans (component of site specific EIA and this EMP). All the monitoring results are to be provided to the Serbian Environmental Protection Agency. PEPS will also inform local communities about monitoring results, including on potential pollution of land nearby the highway. No herbicides shall be used for elimination of weeds; o Substitute the use of sodium chloride with by other substances with a similar or higher defrosting effect in order to minimize the effects of salinization of soil in the vicinity of highway resulting from the winter maintenance. Where sodium chloride is used in the maintenance process, precise planning of time distribution and quantities is of critical importance; o Ensure that other support and other service facilities along the alignment are designed and erected in after the appropriate EIA and/or studies are made and approved by the relevant national institutions; o All possible accompanying content along the planned highway must be designed and built in harmony with the fundamental function of this road with a prior Environmental Impact Assessment study; o The complexes of accompanying content must be supplied with special containers for collection of solid waste so that pollution of soil in the zone of the road is avoided during operation. The containers must be emptied by the authorized company and solid waste must be stored at the proper dump area.

5.1.2 Surface and ground water Construction phase The system for accumulating and cleaning runoff water is composed of a water retention basin (one retention basin is envisaged) with a clay bottom and cleaning device in the form of a separator of larger floating and deposited materials. The position of the retention basin

- 40 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP on the alignment of the newly planned section of the highway is in the direct vicinity of the reserve well for water supply to the city of Vranje (km 921+867 on the left side) and is provided in the situational groundwork. Contractor should carefully plan potentially sensitive operations such as in-river works. Typical procedures will include:

o The river banks in the studied area must be protected by barriers during the construction phase for the purpose of preventing negative effects which could be caused by driving and unloading material in the vicinity of the same. o Driving of machinery within rivers, streams or on their banks should be prevented except in cases when it is impossible to avoid due to construction of a certain structure or building. o Maintaining, refueling and cleaning construction machinery shall be carried out at locations which are far from waterways and which will be defined before the works commence. o Providing training to machine operators regarding the sensitivities and working procedures to be followed; o Checking all machines and equipment for leaks prior to use; o Preparing site specific emergency plans to respond to any incidents or spillages of hazardous material; o Storing all fuels at a safe distance from the watercourse; o Preventing re-fuelling near the watercourse and/or taking precautionary measures to prevent spillage. o Construction of foundations for bridge piers, retaining walls, excavation and construction of foundations for shoreline columns, support walls, and other structures which are located on or in the vicinity of bodies of water should take place in the period of low water levels (July - September) so as to minimize negative impacts on rivers, their banks and river ecology; o Storage and handling of fuels, oils and other hydrocarbons through a controlled process, involving measures to prevent soil and water contamination. Those should include fuel and oil storage on sealed surfaces and within secondary containment; refueling of all plant, vehicles and machinery at minimum 50m of any watercourse, drain or channel leading to a water course. o Similar measures for storage of fuels and re-fuelling of equipment should be put in place in floodplains to prevent groundwater pollution. No storage of fuels and oils will be allowed in floodplains where the potential for washout exists. o All sites near rivers will be protected by fencing and other means to prevent loss of construction materials, particularly hazardous materials. o Prevent the movement of machines inside rivers, streams, or on their banks, except when it is unavoidable due to the construction of a structure or construction. Careful consideration is given during the detailed design to all foundations and in- river structures. Wherever possible, piling will be favored over augers and other excavations that require dewatering that may adversely impact riverine habitats. o In the direct vicinity of rivers, spillage of any kind of dangerous substances must be avoided. In that sense, the contractor will be required to use biodegradable compounds for lubricating machinery as well as biodegradable transmission fluid in order to reduce pollution down to a minimum during the carrying out of works.

- 41 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP Furthermore, special attention must be given to the water supply well located at chainage km 922 + 100 through km 922 + 400 (group of water intake structures on the left side of the newly planned highway). With consideration of that supply well being abandoned and serving only as a reserve supply of water for the city of Vranje, the controlled collection of water from the surface of the highway has been envisaged on the section from km 921+800 to km 922+700 along with its further transfer to the retention basin through open concrete canals. The retention basin for cleaning collected water would be located at km 921+867 on the left side.

Operation phase

The continuous cleaning of components is necessary for the functioning of the water drainage system. A very important item in a series of other items aimed at ensuring the regular and efficient maintaining of the functions of the system is checking over the condition of the retention basin and cleaning the device during the operation phase. In that way the appropriate protection from pollution of the surrounding soil will be provided considering that over time pollutants become concentrated in the areas of retention basins. With that in mind, it is necessary to plan for the periodic emptying of the contents of the deposit pool and separator.

5.1.3 Air quality No specific measures to be implemented, except applying good engineering practice. Use existing asphalt plant, which is located outside project impact zone. General mitigation measures during construction phase are:

o The Contractor acts appropriately to minimize the generation of dust caused by construction works. Such measures include frequent watering during dry periods or by comparable means approved by the Engineer. o Speed limits must be enforced in all areas, including public roads and private property to limit the levels of dust pollution; o Dust must be suppressed on access roads and overall construction sites during dry periods y the regular application of water. Water used for this purpose must be used in quantities that will not result in the generation of run-off. o Water trucks dampen haul roads and exposed surfaces to minimize dust generation and utilize dust suppressant products to assist in binding fine surface dust, improve water infiltration and reduce water usage; o Dust dispersion from construction activities, roads, spoil dumps and other construction locations shall be limited and suppressed to the maximum extent practical. o Spoil dumps shall be positioned such that they are not vulnerable to wind erosion. o An appropriate freeboard shall be maintained in trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil and other loose material when leaving the road reserve.

- 42 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP 5.1.4 Noise Construction phase If measurements taken as a part of planed monitoring activities (see Appendix II) show increased noise levels, contractor is obliged to take appropriate mitigation measures which are predefined within the Appendix I – Mitigation plan.

Contractor should also perform following activities:

o Raising workers awareness that noisy activities should be minimized; o Adjusting the working hours in line with local conditions; o Use of modern equipment and machines with noise suppressors when working in the vicinity of populated areas; o Regular maintenance of construction vehicles and equipment in view of the elimination of unnecessary sources of noise; o Avoiding the concomitant operation of several noisy machines, when possible; o Switching-off the machines when out of use; o Using natural acoustic barriers or screens for protection against the noise round the machines; o Regular maintenance of access and temporary roads and limiting the speed of vehicles on unpaved roads for transportation of materials.

Operation phase With consideration of the level of noise from traffic in the planned period which was obtained through the calculation of the authoritative levels defined by law, it is necessary to envisage a construction for protection from noise in places where the alignment is located within the vicinity of settled areas. The analyses on traffic noise which were carried out within the framework of the analyses on possible effects indicate that the limit values of permitted levels for urban areas along major highways are reached at distances of around 70 to around 260 meters from the highway. The dimensioning of the structure for noise protection, in accordance with the level of the project documentation, was done according to the German rulebook for calculating traffic noise "Richtlinien für den Larmschutz an Strassen RLS-90" (lit.15). For the E–75 Grabovnica – Levosoje highway, about 17.5 km of noise suppression structures are needed. Based on the numerical data obtained by calculation and the relevant levels defined by law, a conclusion may be drawn that limit noise levels are exceeded in the several zones in which the registered structures are located and appropriate mitigation measures are planned. The spatial position and maximum heights of noise protection structures are provided in table 5.1.4. Table 5.1.4 Spatial position and maximum heights of noise protection constructions chainage (km) position max height length 900 + 100 to 901 + 150 left 4.50 m 1050 m 901 + 750 to 902 + 850 left 5.00 m 1100 m 903 + 100 to 903 + 600 left 5.00 m 500 m 906 + 150 to 907 + 150 left 4.00 m 1000 m 908 + 700 to 912 + 350 left 4.00 m 3650 m 920 + 810 to 921 + 022 left 2.00 m 212 m 924 + 750 to 925 + 714 left 5.00 m 964 m

- 43 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP

chainage (km) position max height length 900 + 350 to 901 + 850 right 4.00 m 1500 m 902 + 450 to 905 + 000 right 3.50 m 2550 m 906 + 150 to 907 + 250 right 4.00 m 1100 m 910 + 050 to 910 + 250 right 5.00 m 200 m 910 + 600 to 911 + 400 right 3.50 m 800 m 916 + 200 to 918 + 150 right 4.50 m 1950 m 919 + 172 to 919 + 480 right 5.00 m 308 m 920 + 445 to 920 + 941 right 2.00 m 496 m 923 + 225 to 923 + 937 right 4.40 m 712 m 924 + 045 to 925 + 593 right 5.50 m 1392 m ramp 1: 0 + 000 to 0 + 148 right 2.00 m 148 m

5.1.5 Impacts on cultural environment o Contractor is responsible for following national requirements with respect to “chance finds” which may emerge during construction. o Contractor is not allowed to perform excavation, demolition, alteration or any works that may harm the properties of the cultural monument. o K10DOO will timely inform the IPCM and authorized expert about the commencement of earth and other works at the archaeological site or in its immediate vicinity, in order to timely perform all the necessary preparations until the archaeological exploration license is obtained. This aspect has been included in the EMP and a costing allowance has been made to cover archaeological watching brief and any subsequent investigations. o In case of chance finds, Contractor shall mark and secure new identified sites (with a protective railing or other means of protection) to avoid damage in the course of road construction and immediately notify the relevant IPCM. o K10DOO is obliged to provide for and ensure archaeological intervention in the case they come across new finds. This involves the immediate discontinuation of works and notifying the competent IPCM about the discovery. Carrying out the above activities will require occasional archaeological supervision during construction. o K10DOO is required to conduct field surveys prior to construction on the locations mentioned above and maintain watching brief during works, with clear procedures for protection and documentation (late finds protocol) incorporated into construction contracts. Employer will finance pre-excavation, producing new documentation, ensure conservation of physical cultural resources. Prior to work, Employer will engage IPCM to do permanent supervision of works at the locations:

Place Name of locality Basic characteristic

Polom Crkviste Settlement - middle ages

Civlak Civlak multi-layer settlement

Dekutince Suvi Rid multi-layer settlement Prehistoric settlement, Gramadja Gramadje necropolis, multi-layer find.

- 44 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP

Suvi Do Suvi Dol multi-layer findings

Ranutovac Ranutovac multi-layer settlement

Vrbovo Mirce Roman settlement

Zlatokop Crkvene Njive Roman settlement Therapeutic - recreational Vranjska Banja Health resort center

Regarding that there is possibility to find new cultural resources, Contractor will apply following methodology to rescue all excavated material: o New localities require the presence of archaeological - conservation authority in the execution phase. o Depending on the character of the findings, possibilities and methods of protection and conservation will be considered and some of the following proposed measures will be applied: conservation of the findings by backfilling; allocation of the findings; and partial allocation of the findings with the conservation of the remainder of locality by backfilling. According to mentioned facts, the protection of possible localities will be realized in three steps, which will be in accordance to the actual circumstances follow each other. Realization steps are: o Execute exploratory boreholes for archaeological investigation on the identified sites so as to determine the exact cultural belonging of the sites, stratification of archaeological layers, chronological determination, and preservation of the archaeological layers and the remainders of the architecture if there is any. Investigation in this phase would have to be completed before the commencement of the works on the site. o On the basis of the archaeological research results in the phase one, new archaeological researches would be planned on special parts of the site that would be endangered by construction. In case that in the course on research in the phase one it happens that the cultural layer on the localities is not preserved or that the line of the communication is avoided, the second-phase research will not be carried out. o Monitoring by the authorities, i.e. the control while execution of earth works near the alignment. with mandatory protection of archaeological excavation if any new archaeological sites are discovered while execution of work.

5.1.6 Flora and Fauna

Flora

Within the existing forest communities, the following mitigation measures are necessary: o Clearing up and removal of vegetation should be minimized to the extent necessary for the execution of works. o Natural vegetation shall be kept in as undisturbed a state as possible. Special attention shall be paid to preserve trees and plant communities such as wetlands or

- 45 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP montage forests. Vegetation removals as part of the development requirements - such as along the proposed scarp road - are excluded. o Based on the detailed design for this project, and locations marked as a ground under high and excessive erosion, the Contractor is obliged to prepare his own plan for re- foresting those areas and to perform re-foresting activities according to this plan.

Fauna The protection of fauna will be ensured by undertaking the following measures: o Erection of a protective fence along the road, as a measure to prevent domestic and wild animals straying onto the road and being killed. Protective fence should be with the variable density, starting from higher density in a zone of 50cm above the ground and ending with a standard density for regular protective fence. o Ensure that the protective fence ends at the bridge base, so as to direct wild animals toward the passage under the bridge. Execute the bank revetments with rough, coarse surface to prevent animals from slipping into water. o Contractor will avoid in-river works during fish spawning season. This is requierement for the contractor’s EMP. o Indigenous animals, sibling vole (Microtus rossiameridionalis), must not be harmed. Habitat of the sibling vole can be found only at three locations, which are all within or very near the alignment of the new highway. It is mandatory to include protection measures for this rare habitat into contractor site specific EMP. One of the more significant consequences of construction of the highway is the phenomenon of fragmentation of the habitats which in this case hits amphibians the hardest. The reason can be found in the existence of the waterways which are necessary for their life cycle. For the purpose of protecting biodiversity and undisturbed movement, multi-functional passages can be built along the waterways, viz. in those places where the construction of bridges has been envisaged. Bridges can be their own ecological corridors with a little revamping so that the bank of the waterway takes up a third of the passage under the road. The sides of the bank must be coarse in order to prevent the sliding of animals into the waterway and in order to enable easier exit from the waterway. The area before and after the passage must be covered in an identical type of soil and vegetation. Along the aforementioned passages, it would also be suitable to use the envisaged slab, tubular and vaulted culverts for movement of wild animals. As there are no larger wild animals in the region in question, these passages represent a suitable place for the crossing of small wild animals. In the following table, a display is provided of the types of culverts, chainages and their sizes. Table 5.1.6 Culverts suitable of passage of animals on the section Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac Type of culvert Chainage (km) Width - diameter (m) 900 + 578.78 2 903 + 294.09 5 Slab culverts 913 + 641.32 5 915 + 312.00 4 925 + 630.00 4 Tubular culverts 902 + 284.33 2

- 46 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP

Type of culvert Chainage (km) Width - diameter (m) 905 + 433.08 2 909 + 893.94 2 919 + 318.00 2 919 + 585.00 2 921 + 264.00 2 921 + 867.00 2 903 + 639.09 5 904 + 524.29 5 Vaulted culverts 905 + 726.91 5 910 + 117.48 3

5.2 Requirements of site specific implementation plans during construction phase

General environmental protection will be contractually provided for in the organization and planning of the work and operations on work site. Each Contractor should build upon the mitigation measures described in the EIA and EMP and should prepare his own site specific implementation plan (SSIP), to include inter alia

o Waste and wastewater management plan o Traffic Management Plan o Oil and fuel storage management plan o In-river works management plan o Camp management plan o Emergency response plan o Grievance mechanism o Habitat protection plan - the habitat of the sibling vole (Microtus rossiameridionalis). It is mandatory to include protection measures for this rare habitat into contractor site specific EMP. Minimum requirements for each of above plans are shown in Appendix I – Mitigation Plan. Each Contractor should include HSE staff as part of his workforce and they should report to the HSE staff of the Project Management Consultant advising K10DOO. In addition, the Project is to include Independent Environmental Consultants to provide informal advice and undertake monitoring and auditing activities. All construction sites should be managed in accordance with national legislation on construction and HSE, such as the Law on Occupational Safety and the Law on Occupational Health and Safety and the Regulation on Occupational Safety for Construction Works (Official Gazette of RS, No. 53/97).

5.3 Check List – Mitigation Plan

Phasing, issues and mitigation measures are covered in Appendix I.

- 47 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP 6. DESCRIPTION OF MONITORING PROGRAM

Monitoring of the effects of the Project will commence during the construction phase and will continue during operation of the highway. The present EMP sets out the basic parameters to be monitored in order to determine that mitigation measures identified above are being implemented effectively. Following award of contracts for construction, the individual Contractors will work with K10DOO to develop a detailed monitoring program with specified targets for each indicator, which will be tailored to the requirements of each road sub-section and the elements of the Contractor’s Environmental Management System (EMS) and site-specific EMP. Each Contractor will develop a written monitoring program that will be evaluated by the independent environmental consultants and Project stakeholders, including national statutory agencies. The Contractor will cover the cost of implementing the relevant monitoring program in areas of his responsibility. The monitoring results will be compared to data on current conditions Compliance with EMP will be monitored by the independent contractor/supervisor, K10DOO and the WB staff.

6.1 Construction Phase

Shortly after mobilization to country the Contractor will develop the monitoring plan in conjunction with the Project Management Consultants (PMC) and relevant statutory authorities. The parameters in the monitoring plan are expected to focus on potential soil and water pollution, especially in areas of higher sensitivity, such as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), suspended solids, oils and greases to represent potential impact due to construction of the highway, based on the nature of the site activity. Parameters which require measuring along the highway alignment during operation should be based on the potential for environmental impact and thus focus on water, air, soil and noise pollution, both during construction and operation. 6.1.1 Noise Noise exposure levels are specified under the Regulation on Allowed Environment Noise Levels (Official Gazette RS, No.54/92). Noise measuring equipment will be used to establish a background or baseline and then during construction to establish increases in level and hence compliance to the standards. It is recognized that the best approach to noise control during construction works is require the use of equipment which conforms to noise standards, and then monitor the issue on an ongoing basis, including reacting to any nuisance complaints by local residences or businesses. If acceptable noise levels are exceeded, implementing mitigation such as temporary screening or re-arranging work sites this will be the responsibility of the Contractors environmental and construction site staff. During construction the level of noise increases due to the transport of loads by heavy freight vehicles (removal and delivery of materials) and the use of the construction machinery. These sources of noise are of a temporary character and last until the completion of construction works. During the phase when works are being carried out, the level of noise must be controlled when necessary, meaning upon the occasion of a complaint being filed for an excess level of noise while works are being carried out. The Rulebook on Allowed Levels of Noise in the Environment defines the methods of measurement, selection of measurement location and the time intervals of measurement.

- 48 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP Within the framework of monitoring noise during the carrying out of works, the following is required:  measurement of the zero point,  measurement of the highest levels (peaks) of noise during construction,  If during the course of works the limits of allowed levels of noise are significantly exceeded, in agreement with the owner of the structure, necessary mitigation measures are undertaken. The contractor is responsible for all consequences which arise from excess levels of noise during the phase of construction.

Contractor is obliged to undertake five measurements of noise per day at the first month of construction (three times during the day-working hours and two times during the night). After that, contractor is obliged to undertake noise measuring on monthly basis, on specific location mentioned above, during all construction period, including defect liability period. If measurements show increased noise levels, the contractor will be obliged to take appropriate mitigation measures which are pre-defined within the Appendix I – Mitigation plan. 6.1.2 Air Pollution Air pollution monitoring during construction includes air quality assessment in the vicinity of the populated areas, based on legal standards. Parameters to be monitored include particulate matter, nitrous oxides, carbon dioxide and monoxide. Measuring carbon monoxide (CО) and nitrogen dioxide (NО2) is recommendable in stage one of the monitoring program. If the measurement results show exceeded allowable concentration values, the list of pollutants should be extended by measuring the concentrations of nitrogen monoxide (NО), sulphur dioxide (SО2), hydrocarbon (CXHY), lead (Pb) and solids/particulates (PM10). Measurement of air quality will be performed at the Specific profiles which are also included in the air quality measurement program: Gramadja km 903+350, Prevalac km 910+200 and Ranutovac km 916+750. Additional monitoring of the construction site impact to air quality will be performed in the event of complaints from the local population. Air quality measurement will be complemented by visual observations of the performance of construction equipment, such as excavators, generators and the like, which should be regularly maintained in accordance with manufacturer’s specification, to reduce adverse emissions. 6.1.3 Water Monitoring of water during the phase of construction of the highway includes determining the effects on the quality of water while construction works are being carried out in the vicinity of waterways or water collectors. Relevant parameters for surface water impact assessment are: pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen, waste material, turbidity, concentration of organic compounds and mineral oils. The taking of samples is done on a part of a surface waterway downstream from the construction site. The monitoring program is administered in such a way that it can be used to establish which construction works affect the quality of surface waterways. Samples must be taken before the commencement of works, at the time when humus is being

- 49 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP removed and when excavation or the building of embankments from earth material is being carried out. Sampling is done in monthly intervals. In the situation when the measurement results and analysis indicate an increase of negative effects, it is necessary to determine the cause of the deteriorating condition and undertake the necessary mitigation measures. Until the cause of the deteriorating condition is determined, only works which do not have an influence on pollution of surface waters may be carried out. For underground waters, the dynamic of administering monitoring of underground waters during the construction phase is done on the basis of the program for carrying out works which is provided by the orderer and which is an integral part of the documentation for drafting of the monitoring plan. The monitoring program during construction of the section Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac encompasses the period of preparatory works and the period of construction. Relevant parameters for groundwater impact assessment are divided into geological hydro geological and to physicochemical and chemical parameters. The first group of parameters includes impacts to groundwater level, dynamics and quantity, whereas the second group includes impact to groundwater quality (e.g. mineral oils, organic compounds, heavy metals). All measurements begin one month before the beginning of preparatory works. The parameters which are the subject of monitoring are divided into the groups geological- hydrological, physical-chemical and chemical. Measurement of the basic and indicative parameters of underground waters should be done at least four times a year with an interval of at least two months. Measurements of the chemical and physical-chemical parameters are done quarterly. The days when samples are taken will depend on the level of underground water, precipitation and other geological and hydrological relations. Sampling on the River Јuzna Morava is to be performed downstream from the place where the drainage culvert flows in the river and respective survey mark. Water quality is to be monitored by taking samples on survey mark km 921+867. On that survey mark, sampling is to be done when relevant precipitation occurs, during the first 15 min. Testing program includes the parameters which provide insight into the present groundwater quality and the pollution level with substances originating from the highway. Testing program includes the flowing measurement: Field measurement: air and water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, oxidationreduction potential, Basic parameters: color, dissolved substances, total organic carbon, ammonia, nitrates, sulphates, chlorides, chemical and biological oxygen consumption, Indicating parameters: microelements, phenols, mineral oils, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides. 6.1.4 Soil Relevant parameters for soil impact assessment are: pH, concentration of heavy metals, oils and organic substances. Soils near roads having a high frequency of traffic, as in this case, should be tested for hazardous substances, such as typical heavy metals and lead which may have accumulated from vehicle exhausts which still use leaded petrol which is still freely available in the region. The program for monitoring soil during the construction phase includes parameters which are authoritative for determining the level of endangerment of the same. There is a wide spectrum of pollutants which have been categorized into the following two groups: heavy

- 50 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP metals and greases and oils (remains of uncombusted fuel, lubricants and motor oil, antifreeze, hydraulic fluid, etc). Samples must be taken before the commencement of works, at the time when humus is being removed and when excavation or the building of embankments of earth material is being carried out. In the situation when the measurement results and analysis indicate an increase of negative effects, it is necessary to determine the cause of the deteriorating condition and undertake the necessary mitigation measures. Until the cause of the deteriorating condition is determined, only works which do not have an influence on pollution of soil may be carried out.

6.2 Operational Phase

During operation of the highway the relevant environmental aspects will be monitored and will include noise, air, and water and soil quality. The results obtained will determine if additional environmental protection measures are necessary, such as provision of additional noise attenuation structures, landscaping or modifications to carriageway drainage or treatment. 6.2.1 Noise During operation noise must be controlled with the goal of controlling the effectiveness of envisaged noise protection measures. Measurement of the level of noise must be carried out in intervals of five years and in cases of complaints from adjacent inhabitants. The locations which have been selected for monitoring the level of noise during operation are the locations of the most endangered structures at the following chainages:  km 900+750 – on both sides,  km 903+350 – on the left side,  km 910+200 – on both sides,  km 916+750 – on the right side,  km 925+100 – on both sides. 6.2.2 Ai r The program of measuring the quality of air encompasses the settlements in the affected zone of the future section of the highway and those are: Gramadja km 903+350, Prevalac km 910+200 and Ranutovac km 916+750. 6.2.3 Water The monitoring program for surface waters during the operation includes monitoring of the following parameters: pH, concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water, waste materials, and murkiness, concentration of organic compounds and mineral oil, then temperature, color and odor. Measuring the quality of water of the recipients (Southern Morava River with its tributaries) is aimed at understanding the effects of cleaned waste water on the quality of water of the recipient and indirect control of the work of the envisaged system for treatment of atmospheric waste water. The project task envisages the water removal system to be an open type system. With that in mind, monitoring of surface water during operation of the project should be carried out at a place downstream from where the water removal canal empties into the recipient

- 51 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP (Southern Morava) from the retention basin at chainage km 921+867. At that chainage sampling is done upon the occurrence of authoritative precipitation, in the first 15 minutes. Throughout the observed time period, for the purpose of the most efficient recognition of the factual state, it is necessary for the measurement and processing of data to be carried out continuously every four months. That means taking samples in January, April, July and October, which covers all periods of low and high water levels within the function of rain and drought. In that manner, possible concentrations of pollutants in runoff water will be controlled and with that so will be the condition of the class of the waterways in the studied area. Based on engineering safety, it is necessary to take measurements of the quality of water from wells (quality of drinking water) in accordance with the regulations for sampling in certain time intervals. 6.2.4 Soil Monitoring of soil during the operation of the highway, viz. monitoring the effects of operation of the future E-75 Highway, section Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac, on the quality of soil, must be carried out in the zone of 100 m from the edge of the roadway, viz. in the zone of possible effects. The depth of sampling depends on the use of the land, as well as on the effects which are present on that land. From cultivated land, samples are taken form a depth of 0-30 cm and from land which is used for growing fruits, samples are taken from two depths- from 0-30 cm and from 30-60 cm. Individual samples are then placed into a PCV container, mixed up and stones and plant remains are removed. The prepared sample is then put into a PVC bag, marked and transported to the laboratory for analysis. The preliminary testing of soil quality in the affected zone of the subject section of the E- 75 Highway must last at least 5 years, and sampling must be carried out one time every three months. Following the preliminary testing a plan for further testing is created. For this purpose the place of sampling is defined first. The number of samples depends on the preliminary testing and is related to the structure being tested. Parallel to the control of the quality of soil, the quality of underground water must also be monitored. The quality of underground water requires the monitoring of pollutants which are present in the soil and for the purpose of determining the effects of soil pollution on the pollution of underground water. Sampling of underground water is done using the piezometer. 6.2.5 Visual impact o Emphasize natural and artificial components of the landscape and harmonizing them; o Enrich the road (highway) landscape, as well as winter landscape, by designing and constructing forest protection belts. Use autochthonous species, the selection of which would be harmonized with the surrounding areas and their purpose; o Consider a possibility to re-grass surfaces in the zone of the road where higher concentrations of heavy metals (lead, cadmium etc.) are expected by using plant species from the families Brassicaeae, Euphorbiacaea, Esteracee, Lamiceaea, and similar that are so-called hyper-accumulators (and generally used for land remediation);

- 52 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP

o Establish a plant cover on all affected places by planting adequate, and if possible, autochthonous species.

6.3 Check List – Monitoring Plan

Details related to the monitoring program are tabulated in Appendix II.

- 53 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION

7.1 Public Consultations on EIA Study

In respect to environmental safeguard issues, the Client (PEPS) has already prepared subsection EIA on preliminary/ feasibility designs of E-75 Highway section between Vladicin Han and Donji Neradovac, in accordance with Serbian legislation. The national disclosure process encompassed four rounds of public consultations for each sub-section (on TOR for environmental consultant, on scope of environmental assessment, on draft EIA and on draft final EIA) and were carried out in period from 2006 to 2010. The national EIA procedure in respect to E-75 highway section from Vladicin Han to Donji Neradovac started at Nov 02, 2005, when PEPS (former Serbian Road Directorate) submitted the Request to the Ministry for environmental protection (MOE) in order to receive document determining scope and content of EIA Study. According to the Serbian Law on EIA (Official Gazette of RS, No 135/04), this step was announced in daily newspaper “Politika” (Jan 11, 2006), and interested parties were invited to participate in process of defining the scope and content of EIA Study. At January 2006, the Ministry provided the Terms of Reference and that information was made public in daily newspaper “Politika” (Jan 29, 2006). The Highway Institute of Belgrade prepared draft EIA Study, which was submitted to MOE for its approval (Aug 05, 2008),. At the same time PEPS announced this step in daily newspaper “Politika” (Sep 12, 2008), when public and other interested parties and organizations were invited to participate in process of public consultation on draft EIA Study for E-75 Highway Project, section Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac. Public Consultation was held in Vranje, on Sep 29, 2008, and there were no major complains on prepared draft EIA Study. The sub-section EIA has been approved by the Serbian MOE at April 21st 2010.

7.2 Public Consultations on Corridor Level EIA report

In accordance with OP/BP 4.01 the Borrower has engaged an independent consultant to prepare Corridor Level EIA for E-75 Highway from Grabovnica to Levosoje, which include highway sub-section from Vladicin Han to Donji Neradovac. Besides consolidating the sub-section EIA, the Corridor Level EIA also addressed the cumulative, induced, indirect and transboundary impacts. The draft EIA has been received by the Bank and commented upon. The Client subsequently updated the Corridor Level EIA and prepared a final version of the document. The in-country disclosure of draft Corridor Level EIAs was carried out in the period from February 25 (when the documents were made publicly available on site and at the Client‘s web site) to March 12th (when the public meetings were held in Vranje). Public announcements in Serbian and English were published in the daily newspaper Politika, inviting the public, authorities and relevant institutions to have an insight into the EIA for the Project. Prior to announcement in the newspapers, the EIA was delivered to the Municipality of Vranje and published on the K10DOO and PE “Roads of Serbia” web site. Public Consultations were concluded on March 12, 2009, from 12 to 02 PM (local time), by presentation of the subject EIA on the premises of the Municipality of Vranje. Presentation of the EIA for the E-75 Highway Project, Nis – FYRM Border, Section Grabovnica – FYRM Border, was attended by representatives of the Municipality of

- 54 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP Vranje, EIA Author, WB representative, representatives of the PE “Roads of Serbia” and the interested public. List of participants is included in this Report. During the public consultations, there were no significant remarks in regards to environmental protection issues related to Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac Highway section.

7.3 Public Consultations on section specific EMP

In accordance with OP/BP 4.01, K10DOO has engaged an independent consultant to prepare Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Check List for E-75 Motorway from Grabovnica to Levosoje, section E-75 Vladicin Han - Donji Neradovac Project. The in-country disclosure of draft EMP started on Nov 04, 2010, when public consultations were announced in daily newspaper “Politika”. A public announcement invited the public, authorities and relevant institutions to have an insight into the EMP for the Project. Prior to announcement in the newspapers, the EMP was delivered to the Municipality of Vranje and Vladicin Han and made publicly available on site, and also placed at K10DOO web site. Representatives of the local self-government informed the public through local media of the time and place of public consultations. Information about public consultation was repeated on daily basis, starting from Nov 04, ending on Nov 17. Disclosure of draft EMP finished on Nov 17, 2010, when the public meeting was held in city of Vranje. There were 30 attendees on public consultation meeting in Vranje. 25 attendees were local citizens. Among the others, there were local municipals, local environmental officer, local media representatives, colleague engineers etc. On behalf of K10DOO the meeting was attended by Mr. Mihajlo Misic, director of K10, Mr. Bosko Radovanovic, K10 DOO Consultant for Project Design, Mr. Igor Radovic, K10DOO Consultant for Environmental Issues, Mrs. Nina Valcic and Mrs. Ljija Jovanovic from K10 Legal Department and Mrs. Sanja Stavric, PR of K10DOO. The meeting started according to schedule at 01 PM. The meeting was recorded by local TV station, and reported by local journalists. EMP was presented in detail to the interested attendees by the K10DOO representatives. During the public consultations, there were no significant remarks in regards to environmental protection issues. Most of questions were related to the possible noise effect of the future traffic. K10 representatives explained all mitigation measures, including noise protection barriers which will be erased during project implementation and which will ensure adequate noise protection to the possible affected areas. Remaining questions were related to the land acquisition, as a social impact of the project. Representatives of the K10 Legal Department answered all the questions related to the land acquisition. Consultation ended at 03 PM, local time.

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Picture 1: Public Consultations in Vranje City Hall, Nov 17, 2010

Picture 2: Public Consultations in Vranje City Hall, Nov 17, 2010

- 57 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP 8. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

K10DOO is responsible for the overall implementation of the Project, including management of environmental and social issues under the Project. The EIA Study for E-75 Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac highway section and Corridor Level EIA provides the base for the preparation of this site specific EMP. As part of the detailed design stage for this section, K10DOO has prepared this site-specific EMP and Checklists. The site-specific EMP and Checklist are included as part of the bidding documents to ensure the contractors are aware and meet their formal obligations in the area of the environmental protection. After contract signing, the contractor will prepare his implementation plan, to be approved by the K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”)'s Supervision Consultant, containing the detailed information on meeting the requirements detailed in this EMP. During project implementation, a firm of independent consultants, who will report directly to K10D00, will monitor whether and how well contractor complies with the measures as outlined in the EMP. Any non-compliance with the EMP or any other safeguards will require immediate remediation. Contractors vis-a-vi the borrower, and the borrower vis-a- vis the Bank will need to present reasons for noncompliance, propose a detailed and time- bound action plan to achieve compliance, and obtain the no objection of the Bank for the action plan. The cost of proposed corrective measures will be borne by the responsible contractor.

- 58 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP 9. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND REPORTING PROCEDURES

Prior to the commencement of works K10DOO will submit to the Bank for its approval: this section specific Environmental Management Plan and Checklist. The contractor will prepare his compliance reports in respect to this EMP and his SSIP at regular intervals as instructed by K10DOO. The Contractor will submit reports in both Serbian and English language in hard copy and electronic versions. Separate independent environmental and social supervision will directly reporting to K10D00 for the implementation of the project, Project progress reports, including monitoring indicators and reporting on the implementation of the requirements set forth in the Environmental Impact Assessments and the Resettlement Policy Framework, will be prepared by K10DOO on a quarterly basis and submitted for Bank review. The Bank will review the reports and verify their contents through periodic site visits. Semi-annual reviews will be carried out each year, jointly by the Borrower and the Bank together with other participating IFIs and bilateral donors, to measure progress made in implementing the Project. The semi-annual reviews shall cover, inter alia: (a) progress made in meeting the Project objectives; and (b) overall Project performance against Project monitoring indicators.

- 59 - E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP 10. REFERENCE

1 Detailed site-specific EIA for E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, section Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac, Highway Institute Belgrade, 2009

2 Corridor X level EIA Report for E-75 Nis – Border of FYRM Highway, PEPS, 2009

3 Environmental Assessment Sourcebook No 25, Environmental Management Plans, The World Bank Environment Department, January 1999

4 Roads and the environment: A Handbook, The World Bank Environment Department

5 Project Appraisal Document (PAD) to the Republic of Serbia Corridor X Highway Project, Report No: 47069-YF, June 12th, 2009

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Appendix I

CHECK LIST

MITIGATION PLAN

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Phase, Institutional responsibility Issue Mitigation Notes location Install Operate Highway Relocation of services Effective co-ordination with utility companies during Contractor, Contractor, Construction relocation. K10DOO K10DOO Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 4.50m Contractor Contractor residents, km 900+100 to km 901+150, left side Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 5.00m Contractor Contractor residents, km 901+750 to km 902+850, left side Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 5.00m Contractor Contractor residents, km 903 + 100 to km 903 + 600, left side Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 4.00m Contractor Contractor residents, km 906+150 to km 907 + 150, left side Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 4.00m Contractor Contractor residents, km 908 + 700 to km 912 + 350, left side Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 2.00m Contractor Contractor residents, km 920 + 810 to km 921+022, left side Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 5.00m Contractor Contractor residents, km 924 + 750 to km 925 + 714, left side Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 4.00m Contractor Contractor residents, km 900 + 350 to km 901 + 850, right side Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 3.50m Contractor Contractor residents, km 902+450 to km 905+000, right side E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP

Phase, Institutional responsibility Issue Mitigation Notes location Install Operate Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 4.00m Contractor Contractor residents, km 906 + 150 to km 907+250, right side

Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 5.00m Contractor Contractor residents, km 910+050 to km 901 + 250, right side Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 3.50m Contractor Contractor residents, km 910+600 to km 911+400, right side Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 4.50m Contractor Contractor residents, km 916+200 to km 918+150, right side Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 5.00m Contractor Contractor residents, km 919+172 to km 919+480, right side Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 2.00m Contractor Contractor residents, km 920+445 to km 920+941, right side Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 4.40m Contractor Contractor residents, km 923+225 to km 923+937, right side Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 4.40m Contractor Contractor residents, km 924+045 to km 925+593, right side Noise impact on affected Noise protection construction, max. height of 2.00m Contractor Contractor residents, interchange, right side, km 0+000 to km 0+148

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Phase, Institutional responsibility Issue Mitigation Notes location Install Operate Inadequate prevention of The plants and equipment used for construction will strictly Contractor Contractor construction-related noise conform to noise standards. from vehicles, asphalt plants, crushing and batch plants and equipment Noise Impact - Disturbance Working hours/activities will be adjusted to reduce noise Contractor Contractor to residents disturbance and working time restricted to 0630 to 1930hrs, or as otherwise agreed locally. Maintain dialogue or use grievance mechanism to allow residents to contact Project staff to make representations. Noise impact - Protection of Noise standards will be strictly enforced to protect Contractor Contractor workers H&S construction workers from noise impacts, in accordance with international HSE procedures. All Project works will adhere to international H&S standards, including minimum PPE standards, e.g. hard hat, safety boots, ear defenders and noise exposure limited to 85 dB(A). Possible contamination of On km 921+867 all collected water should go to retention Contractor Contractor water resources in case of pond, as treatment facilities, where the water will be treated as accident. Location at km required, and then discharged into recipient 921+150 to 922+700 Potentional contamination of Accident prevention measures, within the zone of the reserve Contractor Contractor water resources. Location at water-supply well of Vranje, have been designed in the form km 922+100 to km 922+400 of a closed water removal system and placement of protective (the group of waterways) barriers. Mitigation measures prescribed within the contractor’s site specific implementation plan (water management plan) in order to protect pollution of underground water during construction works.

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Phase, Institutional responsibility Issue Mitigation Notes location Install Operate Potentional contamination of Guard rail will be placed from km 907+650 to km 907+950; Contractor Contractor soil and water resources in from km 910+650 to km 910+900; from km 911+700 to km case of accident, due to 913+150; from km 916+400 to km 916+475; from km height of the embankment 916+900 to km 917+350; from km 919+450 to km 919+750; (H>5m) from km 920+525 to km 920+610; from km 920+825 to km 920+900; from km 922+300 to km 922+725; from km 922+875 to km 923+125 Construction waste. Heavy metals are separated and should be removed and Contractor Contractor disposed of at approved dump sites, in accordance with the Contractors waste management plans (WMP). Potentional contamination of Each parking, service, or cleaning and washing plateau will be Contractor Contractor soil and water resources. equipped with waste water treatment facilities which will be temporary objects Possible loss or damage to K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) will finance pre-excavations, EMP EMP cultural resources, locality producing adequate documentation and, if necessary, ensure Monitoring Monitoring “Crkviste”, Polom village conservation of physical cultural resources. Before Consultant Consultant commencement of the work, K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) Contractor Contractor will make a contract with the IPCM to ensure pre-excavations and permanent supervision during the works. Possible loss or damage to K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) will finance pre-excavations, EMP EMP cultural resources, locality producing adequate documentation and, if necessary, ensure Monitoring Monitoring “Civlak” conservation of physical cultural resources. Before Consultant Consultant commencement of the work, K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) Contractor Contractor will make a contract with the IPCM to ensure pre-excavations and permanent supervision during the works. Possible loss or damage to K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) will finance pre-excavations, EMP EMP cultural resources, locality producing adequate documentation and, if necessary, ensure Monitoring Monitoring “Suvi Rid”, Dekutince village conservation of physical cultural resources. Before Consultant Consultant commencement of the work, K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) Contractor Contractor will make a contract with the IPCM to ensure pre-excavations and permanent supervision during the works.

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Phase, Institutional responsibility Issue Mitigation Notes location Install Operate Possible loss or damage to K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) will finance pre-excavations, EMP EMP cultural resources, locality producing adequate documentation and, if necessary, ensure Monitoring Monitoring “Gramadje”, Gramadja conservation of physical cultural resources. Before Consultant Consultant village commencement of the work, K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) Contractor Contractor will make a contract with the IPCM to ensure pre-excavations and permanent supervision during the works. Possible loss or damage to K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) will finance pre-excavations, EMP EMP cultural resources, locality producing adequate documentation and, if necessary, ensure Monitoring Monitoring “Suvi Do”, Suvi Dol village conservation of physical cultural resources. Before Consultant Consultant commencement of the work, K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) Contractor Contractor will make a contract with the IPCM to ensure pre-excavations and permanent supervision during the works. Possible loss or damage to K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) will finance pre-excavations, EMP EMP cultural resources, locality producing adequate documentation and, if necessary, ensure Monitoring Monitoring “Crkvene Njive”, Zlatokop conservation of physical cultural resources. Before Consultant Consultant village commencement of the work, K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) Contractor Contractor will make a contract with the IPCM to ensure pre-excavations and permanent supervision during the works. Possible loss or damage to K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) will finance pre-excavations, EMP EMP cultural resources, locality producing adequate documentation and, if necessary, ensure Monitoring Monitoring “Ranutovac” conservation of physical cultural resources. Before Consultant Consultant commencement of the work, K10DOO (“Koridori Srbije”) Contractor Contractor will make a contract with the IPCM to ensure pre-excavations and permanent supervision during the works.

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Phase, Institutional responsibility Issue Mitigation Notes location Install Operate Maintaining animal mobility Use of designed culverts and bridges as animal crossing Contractor Contractor through culverts and bridges points. Slab culverts on km 900+578.78; km 903+294.09; km 913+641.32; km 915+312.00; km 925+630.00. Tube culverts on 902+284.33; km 905+433.08; km 909+893.94; km 919+318.00; km 919+585.00; km 921+264.00; km 921+867.00; Vaulted culverts: km 903+639.09; km 904+524.29; km 905+726.91; km 910+117.48 Protection of rare animals - It is mandatory to include protection measures for this rare Contractor Contractor sibling vole (Microtus habitat into contractor site specific EMP. rossiameridionalis)

Emission from construction All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction Contractor Contractor vehicles and machinery will be regularly maintained and inspected/certificated to ensure that the pollution emission levels conform to the standards prescribed. New borrow pits damaging Contractor have to use the Borrow pits on a specific locations Contractor Contractor agricultural, archaeological or which are predefined within the Detailed design ecological resources Asphalt plant-dust, fumes, Contractual requirement-use existing asphalt plants; Contractor Contractor workers health and safety, requirement for official approval or valid operating license or ecosystem disturbance new plants require certification and approval. Stone quarry Contractual requirement-use existing quarries; requirement Contractor Contractor for official approval or valid operating license. Sand and gravel borrow pit- Use existing borrow pits or buy material at licensed facilities; Contractor Contractor disturbance of river bed, no borrowing from rivers. Or use new pits which require water quality, ecosystem approval and licensing. disturbance

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Phase, Institutional responsibility Issue Mitigation Notes location Install Operate Construction related dust, Dust suppression will be used on unsealed road surfaces, Contractor Contractor from movement of vehicles at asphalt mixing sites and temporary service areas. Water truck site and to sites from borrow bowser with spray bar will be used. pits and quarry sites, etc. Vehicles hauling materials Vehicles delivering material will be covered. Contractor Contractor will generate dust nuisance Failure to properly Cleary defined topsoil storage and handling in contract Contractor Contractor manage/store topsoil, leading specification and management plan and follow up with regular to degraded and substandard inspection & monitoring and reporting. site reclamation and re- vegetation Flora - vegetation protection Clearing up and removal of vegetation should be minimized Contractor Contractor to the extent necessary for the execution of works Preventing domestic and Erection of a protective fence along the road, as a measure to Contractor Contractor wild animals straying onto prevent domestic and wild animals straying onto the road and the road and being killed being killed. Protective fence should be build with the variable density Landscape impact, soil Develop and implement landscape planting; Re-forest ground Contractor, Contractor, erosion of classes 6 and 7 under high and excessive erosion K10DOO K10DOO Damage to agricultural lands, Liaise effectively with PAPs before start of construction, Contractor Contractor including drainage and maintain dialogue, develop a grievance procedure, strictly irrigation infrastructure control machinery and vehicle access and reinstate all affected areas. Livestock resources damaged Liaise effectively with PAPs before start of construction, Contractor Contractor by machinery and vehicles maintain dialogue, develop a grievance procedure, strictly control machinery and vehicle access, and consider fencing for protection.

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Phase, Institutional responsibility Issue Mitigation Notes location Install Operate Contamination of soil or Storage and handling of fuels, oils and other hydrocarbons Contractor Contractor water resources will be a controlled process, involving measures to prevent soil and water contamination. Designs will include storage on sealed surfaces and within secondary containment and refueling of all plant, vehicles and machinery will not be allowed within 50 m of any watercourse, drain or channel leading to a water course. Damage to aquatic Prevent the movement of machines inside rivers, streams, or Contractor Contractor ecosystems on their banks, except when it is unavoidable due to the construction of a structure or construction. Contamination of soil or All sites near rivers shall be protected by fencing and other Contractor Contractor water resources means to prevent loss of construction materials, particularly hazardous materials. Traffic disruption to residents Develop Traffic Management Plan in conjunction with road Contractor Contractor and longer distance travelers authorities to manage all temporary accesses, delivery of material and machinery. Residents injured by Conduct safety awareness campaigns, focusing on schools and Contractor Contractor construction traffic and children. machinery Workers injured during Implement international HSE standards in all contracts. Contractor Contractor construction Illegal or excessive No earth borrowed from unauthorized locations. Contractor Contractor borrowing may damage archaeological or land resources Reduced land or property Establish and maintain dialogue with PAPs to reduce adverse Contractor, Contractor values effects as part of ongoing design and construction. K10DOO

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Phase, Institutional responsibility Issue Mitigation Notes location Install Operate Contamination of soil or Contaminated or hazardous waste such as bitumen waste to be Contractor Contractor water resources disposed of in selected areas approved by the Ministry of Environment. All waste disposal to comply with a Waste Management Plan, to be developed at the start of construction. Pollution of groundwater and Develop working method statement to include effective Contractor Contractor soils during demolition of management of materials. properties Damage to water resources All abstractions and any formalized discharges must be Contractor Contractor licensed/ approved by relevant authorities. Damage to aquatic habitats All in-river works will be conducted outside of the fish Contractor Contractor and fish spawning season and Contractors will prepare management plans for such works as a part of their Construction Method Statements. Damage to river morphology Digging and making the foundations for bridge piers, Contractor Contractor retaining walls, and structures located at, or in the vicinity of, surface water bodies, will take place in the period of low water levels (July-September) so as to minimize negative impacts on rivers and their banks. Soil and water pollution Construction vehicles and equipment will be maintained and Contractor Contractor refueled at protected refueling stations. Fuel storage and handling sites located away from drainage channels and important water bodies in accordance with Management Plan. Soil and water pollution Develop plans for cement and wash-water management. Contractor Contractor

Water pollution Develop monitoring program for sensitive water courses, such Contractor Contractor as major river crossings and reporting, feedback and remedial action procedures. This should be linked to the Management Plans to be developed by the contractors.

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Phase, Institutional responsibility Issue Mitigation Notes location Install Operate Temporary access-vegetation Remove topsoil layer initially and afterwards de-compact Contractor Contractor removed, soil compacted, alignments and reinstate topsoil and perform re-vegetation landscape and vegetation impacted impact on fish and other Avoid river control works in the period of fish spawning. Contractor Contractor animals that depend on water All in-river works should be conducted outside of the fish as eco-system spawning season and Contractors will prepare management plans for such works as a part of their Construction Method Statements. Land resources damaged Identify work areas with contractor(s) and describe system Contractor Contractor, approvals for extensions and fines for violations. K10DOO

Construction Community tension and Locations for camps are predefined within the Detailed Contractor Contractor camps disruption Design of the Project. Contractor should prepare Camp Management Plan HSE Standars Work camps are required to conform to international Health, Contractor Contractor Safety and Environment (HSE) standards Wastewater collection and Camps should be furnished with sanitary and wastewater Contractor Contractor disposal/treatment collection and disposal/treatment facilities and should operate fully compliant waste systems, involving storage of waste by waste category. Contamination of soil or Storage of fuels and re-fuelling of equipment will be Contractor Contractor water resources controlled in floodplains to prevent groundwater pollution. No storage of fuels and oils will be allowed in floodplains where the potential for washout exists. Spread of disease, including Conduct awareness campaigns for camp workers and if Contractor Contractor STIs relevant nearby communities. Water and soil pollution The sewage system for such camps will be properly designed Contractor Contractor and built so that no water pollution takes place. Such facilities will be decommissioned at end of the construction period.

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Prior to initiating works, the Contractors will be required to prepare and submit for approval Site-Specific Implementation Plans (SSIP) consisting of:

Waste and wastewater management plan

The Contractor’s SSIP should cover all aspects of waste management, including implementation of practice standards such as reduce, re-use and recycle. It should specify final disposal alignments for all waste and demonstrate compliance to national legislation and best practice procedures on waste management. The WMP will, as a minimum, include details of temporary waste storage, waste transfer and pre-treatment prior to final disposal or recycling. Licensed/approved facilities for solid and liquid waste disposal must be used and a duty of care and chain of custody for all waste leaving the site will be followed. As part of the plan Contractors will be expected to produce waste handling forms for chain of custody, which will be used to control waste leaving site. Thus the waste controller will keep a copy of the form and the driver will always carry a copy and will ensure that the load is signed for at the final disposal site. All records will be kept by the Contractor for audit purposes and to demonstrate that the project is complying with best practice and applicable legislation.

Oil and fuel storage management plan

The Contractor’s SSIP should cover all procedures for storage, transportation and usage of oils and fuels, refueling of plant and machinery and procedures for minimizing the risk of ground and water contamination. All oils and fuels will be required to be stored within secondary containment of 110 % capacity and all spillages shall be cleaned up immediately. Re-fuelling vehicles will carry Spill Kits to enable spillages to be cleaned up as soon as possible. All categories of spillage will be reported in accordance with the Plan to be developed by the Contractor. Toolbox Talks would be expected to be delivered on an ongoing basis as „continued training‟ and following any significant incident.

In-river works management plan

The Contractor’s SSIP should cover procedures and plans for safeguarding aquatic habitats and fish during in-river construction work and will complement the Construction Method Statements.

Camp management plan

The Contractor’s SSIP should contain procedures for establishing and operating construction camps in order to safeguard nearby communities and environmental resources.

Emergency response plan

The Contractor’s SSIP should contain procedures for emergency response in the event of accidents or major incidents, in order to safeguard people, property and environmental resources.

Habitat Protection Plan

The Contractor’s SSIP should contain protection plan for the habitat of the sibling vole (Microtus rossiameridionalis), which is very rare in Serbia. It is mandatory to include protection measures for this rare habitat into contractor’s SSIP. E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP

Appendix II

CHECK LIST

MONITORING PLAN

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Contamination suspended solids, organic On a part of a Water quality before the EIA compliance Contractor of surface compounds, lubricants, fuel, surface waterway analysis commencement of water during solvents, heavy metals, pH downstream from works, at the time construction value, mineral oils the construction when humus is being site. removed and when excavation or the building of embankments from earth material is being carried out. During construction sampling will be done on monthly basis Contamination suspended solids, organic On the basis of Water quality One month before EIA compliance Contractor of underground compounds, lubricants, fuel, the program analysis the commencement water during solvents, heavy metals, pH prescribed within of works. construction value, mineral oils the main design During construction of environmental sampling will be protection done quarterly. Contamination Heavy metals and greases On the basis of Soil quality One month before EIA compliance Contractor of soil during and oils the program analysis the commencement construction prescribed within of works. the main design During construction of environmental sampling will be protection done quarterly. E-75 Highway Nis – Border of FYRM, Section: Vladicin Han – Donji Neradovac FINAL Environmental Management Plan - EMP

Phase, item What parameter is to be Where is the How is the When is the Why is the parameter Install and monitored? parameter to be parameter to be parameter to be to be monitored? operate monitored? monitored?/ type monitored? (optional) of monitoring (frequency of equipment measurement or continuous) Noise Noise Levels Both sides of Noise meter Every month Settlement potentially Contractor settlement affected with the noise Bojkinska Mahala, km 900+750 Noise Noise Levels Left side of Noise meter Every month Settlement potentially Contractor settlement affected with the noise Gramadja, km 903+350 Noise Noise Levels Both sides of Noise meter Every month Settlement potentially Contractor settlement affected with the noise Prevalac, km 910+200 Noise Noise Levels Right side of Noise meter Every month Settlement potentially Contractor settlement affected with the noise Ranutovac, km 916+750 Noise Noise Levels Both sides of Noise meter Every month Settlement potentially Contractor settlement affected with the noise Ribnice, km 925+100 Damage to irrigation and Agricultural lands Visual weekly Compliance to EIA Contractor e.g. Drainage infrastructure observations, and social Environmental discussions with commitments staff PAPs Dust At construction Visual monitoring Regularly site visits Check environment Contractor sites and H&S requirements

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Phase, item What parameter is to be Where is the How is the When is the Why is the parameter Install and monitored? parameter to be parameter to be parameter to be to be monitored? operate monitored? monitored?/ type monitored? (optional) of monitoring (frequency of equipment measurement or continuous) Air Quality Measuring carbon monoxide Settlement Laboratory Two times during Settlement potentially Contractor (CО) and nitrogen dioxide Gramadja on km equipment Construction works affected with the air (NО2) is recommendable in 903+350; pollution stage one. settlement If the measurement results Prevalac on km show exceeded allowable 910+200; concentration values, the list settlement of pollutants should be Ranutovac on km extended by measuring the 925+100 concentrations of nitrogen monoxide (NО), sulphur dioxide (SО2), hydrocarbon (CXHY), lead (Pb) and solids/particulates (PM10). Waste water from At construction Monitoring of Regularly site visits Check environment Contractor construction camps and camps and appropriate requirements are being portable sites portable facilities installation and maintained at work sites operation of wastewater units, latrines and septic tanks Community tension and Construction sites Observation Regularly site visits EIA compliance Contractor disruption.

Spread of disease, including Settlements Observation, Monthly EIA compliance Contractor STIs discussions with representatives

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Stone quarry - possession of stone quarry Supervision before work begins Ensure compliance Quarry official approval or valid inspection with EIA Operator, operating license contractor

Sand and gravel borrow pit - sand and gravel Supervision before work begins Ensure compliance Quarry possession of official borrow pit inspection with EIA Operator, approval or valid operating contractor license

Asphalt, dusty, bulk job site Supervision Regular inspections Ensure compliance of Contractor materials - truck load inspection during work performance with covered and/or wetted environment, health and

Traffic management - hours job site Supervision Regular inspections Ensure compliance Contractor and alignments selected inspection during work with EIA Construction site Vibration Vibration levels job site Supervision, Regular inspections Ensure compliance to Contractor observations during work and on EMP complain

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Traffic existence of traffic at and near job inspection; before works start; assure compliance to disruption management plan; traffic site, local roads observation once per week at EMP congestion peak periods

Destruction of land acquisition job site Supervision during material Ensure compliance to Contractor crops, trees, inspection delivery and EMP meadows, construction

Workers safety Protective equipment; job site inspection Regular inspections Ensure compliance to Contractor organization of bypassing during work EMP and H&S traffic standards.

Operation

Contamination Heavy metals and greases On the basis of Soil quality Quarterly, at least 5 EIA compliance Contractor of soil during and oils the program analysis years during highway prescribed within operational phase of operation the main design highway section of environmental protection

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Phase, item What parameter is to be Where is the How is the When is the Why is the parameter Install and monitored? parameter to be parameter to be parameter to be to be monitored? operate monitored? monitored?/ type monitored? (optional) of monitoring (frequency of equipment measurement or continuous) Contamination Concentration of dissolved On chainage km it is necessary for Monthly, at least 5 EIA compliance PEPS of soil or water oxygen, waste materials, oil, 921+867 the measurement years during resources. suspended solids, organic monitoring should and processing of operational phase of compounds, lubricants, fuel, be carried out at a data to be carried highway section solvents, heavy metals, pH place downstream out continuously value, color and odor from where the every four months. water removal That means taking canal empties into samples in January, the recipient April, July and (Southern October, which Morava) from the covers all periods retention basin at. of low and high water levels Noise Noise Levels Both sides of Noise meter Every month, in Settlement potentially PEPS settlement period of 5 years affected with the noise Bojkinska after the construction Mahala, km works are completed 900+750 Noise Noise Levels Left side of Noise meter Every month, in Settlement potentially PEPS settlement period of 5 years affected with the noise Gramadja, km after the construction 903+350 works are completed Noise Noise Levels Both sides of Noise meter Every month, in PEPS settlement period of 5 years Prevalac, km after the construction 910+200 works are completed

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Noise noise levels job site; nearest Noise meter Regularly Ensure compliance to Maintenance disturbance homes HSE Standards. Contractor residents, workers Possible air, air, water and soil quality job site; material laboratory with Regular inspections Ensure compliance to Maintenance water and soil (suspended solids, organic storage areas; necessary during maintenance HSE Standards. Contractor pollution compounds, lubricants, fuel, wash down areas equipment activities and on solvents, heavy metals, pH for equipment; complain value, water conductivity equipment maintenance facilities Vibrations limited time of activities job site supervision Regular inspections Maintenance during maintenance Contractor activities and on any complaint

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Increased condition of traffic signs; road section visual observation; during maintenance a)-b) enable safe and Traffic Police vehicle speed vehicle speed included in speed detectors activities; economical traffic project unannounced flow Erosion, condition of hazard signs road section visual observation during maintenance Maintenance Traffic Police, rockfall, included in activities Contractor Supervision hazardous project Contractor conditions

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Appendix III

LEGISLATION

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MAIN SERBIAN LEGISLATION:

The main laws and regulations currently in force in Republic of Serbia which are relevant to the environmental protection during planning, design, construction and operating of this Project are listed below: o Law on planning and construction (“Official Gazette of RS” No. 72/2009, 81/2009) o Law on nature protection (“Official Gazette of RS”, 36/09) o Law on environmental protection (“Official Gazette of RS” No. 135/04, 36/09, 72/09) o Law on EIA (“Official Gazette of RS” No. 135/2004, 36/2009) o Law on Strategic EIA (“Official Gazette of RS” No. 135/2004) o Law on waste management (“Official Gazette of RS”, 36/09) o Law on noise protection (“Official Gazette of RS”, 36/09) o Law on water (“Official Gazette of RS”, 46/91, 53/93, 67/93, 48/94, 54/96, 101/05) o Law on forest (“Official Gazette of RS”, 46/91, 83/92, 54/93, 60/93, 53/93, 67/93, 48/94, 54/96, 101/05) o Law on air protection (“Official Gazette of RS”, 36/09)

Regulations established on the basis of the Law on EIA include the following: o Decree on establishing the List of Projects for which the Impact Assessment is mandatory and the List of projects for which the EIA can be requested (“Official Gazette of RS” No. 114/08) o Rulebook on the contents of requests for the necessity of Impact Assessment and on the contents of requests for specification of scope and contents of the EIA Study (“Official Gazette of RS” No. 69/05) o Rulebook on the contents of the EIA Study (“Official Gazette of RS” No. 69/05) o Rulebook on the procedure of public inspection, presentation and public consultation about the EIA Study (“Official Gazette of RS” No. 69/05) o Rulebook on the work of the Technical Committee for the EIA Study (“Official Gazette of RS” No. 69/05) o Regulations on permitted noise level in the environment (“Official Gazette of RS” No. 54/92)

Other relevant Serbian legislation o Law on confirmation of convention on information disclosure, public involvement in process of decision making and legal protection in the environmental area (“Official Gazette of RS”, 38/09) o Law on public roads (“Official Gazette of RS” No. 101/2005, 123/07)

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Appendix IV

PRECONDISIONS FROM THE RELEVANT INSTITUTIONS

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1. PRECONDITIONS OBTAINED FROM INP

10.1 Preconditions of INP (original text)

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10.2 Preconditions of INP (translated text)

INSTITUTE FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATURE OF SERBIA SEAT ♦ 11070 N. Belgrade, Dr Ivana Ribara 91 ♦ tel 011/2093-800, 2093-801 ♦ fax 011/2093-867 ♦ [email protected]

11.3. Date 29.11.2007 20-1326 Number 03-2581/2

HIGHWAY INSTITUTE A.D.

11000 BELGRADE Kumodraska No. 257

On the basis of your request No. 20-531 from 09.10.2007, for issuing the conditions for the conducting of the Study on the evaluation of effects for the Conceptual design of the E-75 Highway Belgrade-Nis-FYR Macedonian border, section Vladicin Han- Donji Neradovac from km 900+100 to km 926+358.18, the Institute states the following: On the basis of the submitted documentation of they Surveyor, terrain visit to the aforementioned section and following a review of the documentation of the Institute and Register of protected natural resources which is run by this Institute, it has been confirmed that in the region where the Study on the evaluation of effects has been envisaged to be carried out (section Vladicin Han-Donji Neradovac from km 900+100 to km 926+358.18), there are no protected natural resources so the Investor, according to Article 51 and 61 of the Law on environmental protection (Official Gazette RS No. 66/91), has no special obligations. Based on Articles 33 and 34 of the Law on environmental protection (Official Gazette RS No. 135/2004), the Institute for Protection of Nature of Serbia establishes:

THE CONDITIONS FOR CONDUCTING THE STUDY ON THE EVALUATION OF EFFECTS FOR THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE E-75 HIGHWAY BELGRADE-NIS-MACEDONIAN BORDER, SECTION VLADICIN HAN-DONJI NERADOVAC

 The study on the evaluation of effects must be conducted in accordance with the Law on the evaluation of effects on the environment (Official Gazette RS 135/2004);  In accordance with Article 17, Item 6 of the Law on the evaluation of effects on the environment - Content of a study on the evaluation of effects, the study must provide “a description of possible significant effects of the project on the environment”. The expected factors with a significant effect on the components of nature and the environment during construction and operation of the highway may be roughly classified into three groups: 1) modification of the normal regime of functioning of the area by changing the physical characteristics of the space, 2) transformation of the land by constructing structures and preparing the terrain for construction and 3) various forms of pollution. Within the framework of these

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three groups of factors, the following main types of occurrences can be singled out

1) modification of the normal regime of functioning of the area by changing the physical characteristics of the space:

. modification of habitats (changing geometry, level, assortment and general conditions of shelter, food, etc.); . disturbing land cover (removing, eroding or destroying the surface layer of sediments and soil to the depth of the first accumulation layer); . changing the hydrological regime (changing the composition and structure of habitats whereby the filtration, transpiration and absorption capabilities of the occupied area are disrupted); . drainage (physical removal of water from an area); . alteration and control of waterways (regulation of waterways through channeling and correcting flow); . concreting (reinforcement, embankments, protective walls, concrete covering, etc); . noise and vibration (explosive and subliminal intensities).

2) transformation of land when constructing structures and preparing the terrain for construction:

. bridges and overpasses (including works on terrain preparation); . passage roads (all types of roads); . alignment of the highway (embankment, platform elevated above the surrounding terrain); . barriers and fences (all obstacles for movement and dispersal, dividing ecological corridors); . canals and pipelines (underground and above ground for all purposes); . operation of construction machinery (all types); . mining and drilling (during construction); . tunnels and underground structures; . construction of auxiliary structures (material storage, construction of temporary and permanent structures for housing people and machines, residential structures, etc.).

3) various forms of pollution:

. removal of waste (dumping areas); . chemical pollution (during construction and operation of the highway); . air pollution.

 While the study is being conducted, it is necessary to analyze the effect of these factors on the following components of the environment and envisage adequate measures for protection and for reducing the negative effects and consequences.

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 land;  water;  air;  plants and vegetation;  wildlife;  ecosystems and landscape;  man and man-made things.

In doing so the requirements of the remaining items within Article 17 of the Law on evaluation of effects on the environment are also fulfilled. The effect of the envisaged factors on the components of the environment may be evaluated through grading for example on a five-level scale, displayed in a table in the form of a Leopold’s matrix and later commented on in text.  As the envisaged alignment of the highway mostly passes through partially urban and urban environments with the expressed influence of anthropogenic factors, special attention must be given in the study to the effect of construction on human settlements on the alignment itself and within its close proximity, as well as to agro-ecosystems and other partially autonomous and non-autonomous ecosystems along the settlements. In that sense, it is necessary to evaluate the existing (found) affectedness of the area;  It is necessary to define a narrower and wider zone of effects from the construction and functioning of structures of the highway on the environment (especially from the aspect of protecting agricultural land and production of food which is of a sufficient quality). The affected zones should be defined along with the quantities of pollutants which reach the soil and water through runoff from the surface of the highway and on the basis of that, measures and recommendations for use of land will be established; A belt of around 100 m left and right of the alignment should be considered;  On surfaces and zones where concentrations of heavy metals and other pollutants are greater than that which is permitted, a purpose for the land must be established which avoids plants that serve as food for people and livestock, for a distance of at least 50 m from the edge of the roadway.  The possibility should be considered, when planting vegetation in the zone of the road where excess concentrations of heavy metals are expected, to use species of plants from the families Brassicaeae, Euphorbiacea, Asteracee and Lamiaceae because they are considered hyper accumulators, meaning they have an increased ability to accumulate these pollutants by which the concentration in soil and water is decreased;  At locations where the alignment of the highway creates cuts and crevices, it is necessary to envisage the appropriate bio-engineering measures by which the land is protected from erosion;  A solution must be found for minimizing the effects of noise on the sections of the highway which are in close proximity to settled areas (permitted level of noise during the day is 65 dB, during the night 55 dB). It is necessary to precisely determine the critical places where noise exceeds the permitted limit and envisage appropriate measures for it to be decreased. These effects can be mitigated by building up belts of protective vegetation as well as protective structures with varying absorption characteristics (can decrease noise depending on distance by up to 1/3).

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As a roadway valence, material must be used which can, from the aspect of protection, provide the following requirements: minimizing the level of noise and vibration, enabling effective drainage of water from the surface of the roadway;  Despite the fact that the envisaged alignment of the highway mostly overlaps an already existing roadway, due to the presumed widening of the existing roadway lanes, as well as construction of additional embankments and placement of fences, it is necessary for the study and analysis to encompass the entire alignment, as though the highway is being constructed de novo;  The structures of modern traffic infrastructure, such as highways and railway lines, have a multi-fold negative effect on the living world. This negative effect appears directly and indirectly during construction of the highway, as well as during operation. The intensity and consequences of unfavorable effects are to a certain point specific for each animal group separately, as well as for plants and vegetation and natural ecosystems. With that, it is necessary to pay special attention to the analysis of such unfavorable effects and propose adequate and effective mitigation measures. Due to the specific responses of various components of biodiversity to external influences, it is necessary that the approach to proposing measures be nuanced in accordance with the existing specificities and defined clearly from the spatial-time aspect. Becoming familiar with the bionomy and the ways of life of the species in the animal biocenoses along the alignment is of extreme importance;  The envisaged alignment mostly passes through the flood zone of the Southern Morava. In spite of the fact that it has for the most part been anthropogenized and transformed into the status of agrobiocenoses, this zone has, in a relatively narrow perimeter along the river, maintained certain characteristics of autonomy along with the remains of natural vegetation communities characteristic of a flood region which includes wildlife associated with them. These kinds of ecosystems are characterized by a high sensitivity and fragility to disruption of their basic structural and functional characteristics. Due to that fact, it is necessary to pay special attention during the analysis to the natural and agricultural ecosystems of the flood zone of the Southern Morava. At the same time, the entire zone must be observed as a whole along with taking into consideration synergy and the cascading effect of various influential factors (effect of altered regime of underground water on the survival of wetland forests and wetland meadows, fragmentation of habitats, effect on animal settlements, etc.). Special attention must be given to the section “Vranje” loop (km 920+313.15 to km 926) due to the construction of a new alignment through Vranjsko Polje and the agro-ecosystems and flood zone of the Southern Morava;  Maximum protection must be given to the existing high vegetation, individual trees, groups of trees and forests (especially if it concerns species of English oak, ash and fragments of willow - poplar forests). Unnecessary cutting and clearing of forests when preparing the terrain for construction works should be avoided at all cost;  Considering that there are also some hunted mammals and birds present in the studied area which in addition to their ecological significance also have an economic significance, it is necessary to provide a special review in the study on the possible endangerment of the population of these species and their general status in the area of intensive activities during construction and operation of the highway.

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In cooperation with the managers and users of hunting grounds, it is necessary to evaluate the spatial-time range of negative effects and envisage the most effective mitigation measures. Within the framework of those mitigation measures, construction of adequate passages/crossings must be envisaged which are technically adapted to the target species. The analysis must encompass the entire section (existing and envisaged);  Mitigation measures must also be envisaged for the remaining wildlife groups and not just for hunted species or other species of economic significance. The region along the S. Morava, generally from Vladicin Han to Presevo, is inhabited by the southern vole (Microtus rossiameridionalis), a species which is naturally rare in Serbia, with all of the three findings right along the stretch of highway construction.  It must be kept in mind that at the northern part of the section is the Grdelicka Gorge which represents a refuge for tertiary plants, rare endangered plant species and mixtures of relic vegetation. Here is where one can find species which have become rare in Serbia or have completely vanished. It is also one of the corridors through which individual representatives of herpetofauna spread from the south towards the north (Balkan Wall Lizard Podarcis tauricus, Erhard's wall lizard Podarcis erhardii). With that, it is especially important to protect the part of the corridor from V. Han to Vranje, if one keeps in mind that the verges of distribution of these species are located within the aforementioned areas. Additionally, elements of bird wildlife across the entire region make up a large number of protected and endangered species. Those are for the most part predators such as the Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos and Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus. The populations of these two species are at an unfavorable level and depend on protection, so it is necessary to decrease or eliminate the negative anthropogenic effect. In that sense, it is necessary to pay additional attention to protection of agro-ecosystems along the Southern Morava and the remains of natural habitats, which for the most part make up the hunting grounds for these species.

R a t i o n a l e

Based on Article 129 of the Law on environmental protection (Official Gazette RS No. 135/2004) and Articles 51 and 61 of the Law on environmental protection (Official Gazette RS No. 66/91, 83/92, 53/93, 67/93, 48/94, 53/95), it has been determined that the organization for protection of nature, viz. the Institute for the Protection of Nature of Serbia, determines the conditions for protection and provides data on protected natural resources in the procedure of drafting spatial and other plans or outlines (forestry, water, hunting, fishing, etc.) In accordance with the aforementioned legal regulation, the Highway institute a.d. Belgrade submitted request No. 20-531 from 09.10.2007, for receiving the conditions for conducting a Study on the evaluation of effects for the Conceptual design of the E-75 Highway Belgrade-Nis-FYR Macedonian border, section Vladicin Han-Donji Neradovac.

Institute Director

Prof. Dr. Lidija Amidzic Distributed to: - Ministry of Environmental Protection - Archives

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2. PRECONDITIONS OBTAINED FROM IPCM

10.3 Preconditions of IPCM (original text)

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10.4 Preconditions of IPCM (translated text)

Р е п у б л и ч к и з а в о д з а з а ш т и т у с п о м е н и к а к у л т у р е – Б е о г р а д Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia - Belgrade

Radoslava Grujica 11 11118 Belgrade Serbia Phone (011) 24 54 786 Fax (011) 34 41 430

e-mail: [email protected]

Датум/Date 9 4 2008 Број / Ref 10/721

HIGHWAY INSTITUTE a.d.

BELGRADE Kumodraska No. 257

Subject: Opinion Re: Your correspondence No. 20-67 from 19.02.2008

The Highway institute sent the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia - Belgrade a request for issuing their opinion and conditions for the conducting of the Study on the evaluation of effects on the environment for the Conceptual design of the E75 Highway Belgrade-Nis-FYR Macedonian border, section Vladicin Han-Donji Neradovac from km 900+100 to km 926+358.18. With consideration of that, in accordance with the valid regulations in the domain of environmental protection (Law on strategic evaluation of effects on the environment, Official Gazette RS No. 135/04), the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia - Belgrade issues the following conditions:

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- On the marked section, during the systematic archeological reconnaissance carried out in 2003, the following archeological findings were recorded: 1. Civlak - multi-layer settlement 2. Dekutince - multi-layer settlement 3. Gramadje - multi-layer findings 4. Suvi Dol - multi-layer findings 5. Ranutovac - multi-layer settlement - At these locations it is necessary to conduct an archeological dig due to their significance and endangerment from construction of the highway; - Before beginning any kind of earthworks on the aforementioned locations, it is necessary to inform the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia - Belgrade so that they may carry out an archeological study; - If at any time during construction archeological findings or archeological objects are uncovered, the contractor is required to immediately, without delay, halt works and inform the authorized Institution for Protection of Cultural Monuments and to undertake measures to ensure the findings are not destroyed or damaged and to protect the area and position in which they are discovered.

When conducting the strategic evaluation of effects on the environment, it is necessary to keep in mind the aforementioned facts.

Respectfully,

For the Director

Vera Pavlovic Loncarski (round stamp) (illegible signature)

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