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White Paper on Approaches to Safety Engineering∗
White Paper on Approaches to Safety Engineering∗ Nancy Leveson April 23, 2003 A life without adventure is likely to be unsatisfying, but a life in which adventure is allowed to take whatever form it will, is likely to be short. — Bertrand Russell This white paper lays out some foundational information about different approaches to safety: how various industries differ in their approaches to safety engineering, and a comparison of three general approaches to safety (system safety, industrial safety engineering, and reliability engineer- ing).An attempt is made to lay out the properties of industries and systems that make one approach more appropriate than another. How do industries differ in their approaches to safety engineering? While the concern about industrial safety dates back to at least the turn of the century (and before in some countries and industries) and individual efforts to design safe products and systems also goes back in time, rigorous and defined approaches to safety engineering mostly arose after World War II, when the AEC (and later the NRC) were engaged in a public debate about the safety of nuclear power; civil aviation was trying to convince a skeptical public to fly; the chemical indus- try was coping with larger plants, increasingly lethal chemicals, and heightened societal concern about pollution; and the DoD was developing ballistic missile systems and increasingly dangerous weapons.Each of these parallel efforts resulted in very different engineering approaches, mostly because the problems they needed to solve were different. Commercial Aircraft The [FAA] administrator was interviewed for a documentary film on the [Paris DC-10] accident.
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System Safety Engineering: Back to the Future
System Safety Engineering: Back To The Future Nancy G. Leveson Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology c Copyright by the author June 2002. All rights reserved. Copying without fee is permitted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage and provided that credit to the source is given. Abstracting with credit is permitted. i We pretend that technology, our technology, is something of a life force, a will, and a thrust of its own, on which we can blame all, with which we can explain all, and in the end by means of which we can excuse ourselves. — T. Cuyler Young ManinNature DEDICATION: To all the great engineers who taught me system safety engineering, particularly Grady Lee who believed in me, and to C.O. Miller who started us all down this path. Also to Jens Rasmussen, whose pioneering work in Europe on applying systems thinking to engineering for safety, in parallel with the system safety movement in the United States, started a revolution. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The research that resulted in this book was partially supported by research grants from the NSF ITR program, the NASA Ames Design For Safety (Engineering for Complex Systems) program, the NASA Human-Centered Computing, and the NASA Langley System Archi- tecture Program (Dave Eckhart). program. Preface I began my adventure in system safety after completing graduate studies in computer science and joining the faculty of a computer science department. In the ﬁrst week at my new job, I received a call from Marion Moon, a system safety engineer at what was then Ground Systems Division of Hughes Aircraft Company.
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Process Safety for the 21St Century and Beyond This Initiative
Process Safety for the 21st Century and Beyond 1 Introduction Process safety has been practiced as a field of research and 1.1 Who was involved in this project? safety management in the oil and chemical industries since the 1960s. Over this period there have been many tragic incidents, This project was led by a steering committee convened to bring which have resulted in fatalities as well as asset, environmental, in academic, industrial, regulatory, and societal perspectives and reputational damage. While standards have improved from around the world and across stakeholders. Trish Kerin, the since then and much work has been done, particularly in director of the IChemE Safety Centre and Dr M Sam Mannan, inherently safer design and management systems, catastrophic the executive director of Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety incidents are still happening and will continue to do so until Center were the co-chairs of the steering committee. The team we tackle them head on. It appears as if we are not learning members are listed below, and biographical details can be lessons from the past, because the causes of failures for found in Appendix A. current incidents are the same as past incidents, albeit in Team members different environments. We must learn from these incidents. As an industry, our inability to learn from past incidents and ■■ Dr Paul Amyotte demonstrate that process safety is improving has led to this ■■ Dr Ian Cameron project, Process Safety in the 21st Century and Beyond. The aim of this project is to envision better process safety by ■■ Dr Mike Considine outlining efforts that each stakeholder can take.
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The Status of Fire Safety Engineering in Europe
SFPE European Chapters Coordination Group (ECCG) May 3, 2014 SFPE ECCG: White Paper for Professional Recognition for Fire Safety Engineering Editors: Robert Jönsson and Michael Strömgren Contributors: SFPE European Chapters Coordination Group (ECCG) SFPE Board of Directors SFPE ECCG White Paper for Professional Recognition for Fire Safety Engineering Page 1 FOREWORD This paper has been produced by the SFPE European Chapters Coordination Group (ECCG). The SFPE ECCG is a body comprised of presidents of the European Chapters of SFPE and the elected ECCG president, which has been formed to facilitate collaboration on issues which are common to the chapters. The aims of this document are to present a current snapshot of the state of recognition of fire safety engineering professionals in Europe, and to articulate a set of initiatives intended to help gain a common understanding of qualifications, educational requirements and further advance recognition of fire safety engineering professions within Europe. It is noted that the situation will change with time, and that this White Paper may not completely address the wide breadth of issues which currently exist. The ECCG would like to thank Woodrow, Bisby and Torero who have made a significant contribution to the contents of this white paper [1], particularly in the area of educational needs. The ECCG also recognizes the efforts of Jonsson and Stromgren for their efforts on data collection on the status of fire safety engineering in Europe. The directions outlined in this report align with the strategic directions of the SFPE Board of Directors, which endorses the initiatives outlined in this report. OBJECTIVE This White Paper highlights the need for appropriate qualification of fire safety engineering practitioners in Europe, and identifies initiatives for proceeding toward this objective.
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GARY S. NELSON, Ph.D., CSP, P.E
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA GARY S. NELSON, Ph.D., CSP, P.E. NELSON & ASSOCIATES PO Box 1172 Hilltop Lakes, Texas 77871 [email protected] EDUCATION: Post Graduate Coursework pertaining to Means of Egress (Walking/Working Surface Design) College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, 2001. Ph.D. Interdisciplinary Engineering (Workplace, Premises, and Product Safety Engineering; Human Factors Engineering; and Industrial Health Engineering), Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering, Texas A&M University, 1975. Interdisciplinary Engineering degrees are offered when study programs encompass engineering specialty areas and/or require coursework in more than one academic department. M.S. Industrial Safety Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Texas A&M University, 1973. B.S. Business Administration (Management/Labor Relations), State University of New York at Buffalo, 1971. HONORS: Elected to (Academic) Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi (4.0 Graduate GPR) CERTIFICATIONS AND REGISTRATIONS: Registered Professional Engineer (P.E.), Texas, No. 91532 Certified Safety Professional (CSP), Certification No. 3889 Certified (English XL) Variable Incidence Tribometrist (CXLT), No. 163 PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS: American Society of Safety Engineers Human Factors and Ergonomics Society American Institute of Architects (Individual Allied Member) American Society of Agricultural Engineers Illuminating Engineering Society of North America System Safety Society American Society for Engineering Education NELSON, Gary S., Ph.D., CSP, P.E. Page 2 PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES AND ASSOCIATIONS Member, National Fire Protection Association Member, National Safety Council Member, American Academy of Bereavement V.P. and Member, Board of Directors, Texas Safety Association (1978 -90) EXPERIENCE: Industrial and Business Consultant - Gary S. Nelson, 1977-87; Nelson & Associates, 1987-Present. Accident cause analysis. Industrial, premises, and product related accident investigation.
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Safety Analysis Integration in a Systems Engineering Approach for Mechatronic Systems Design Faïda Mhenni
Safety analysis integration in a systems engineering approach for mechatronic systems design Faïda Mhenni To cite this version: Faïda Mhenni. Safety analysis integration in a systems engineering approach for mechatronic systems design. Other. Ecole Centrale Paris, 2014. English. NNT : 2014ECAP0062. tel-01132906 HAL Id: tel-01132906 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01132906 Submitted on 18 Mar 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE Présentée par Mme Faïda MHENNI Pour l’obtention du GRADE DE DOCTEUR École Doctorale : École Centrale Paris (ED287) Spécialité : Sciences pour l’ingénieur Laboratoire d’accueil : LISMMA (EA2336) VERS UNE APPROCHE INTÉGRÉE D’ANALYSE DE SÛRETÉ DE FONCTIONNEMENT DES SYSTÈMES MÉCATRONIQUES. Safety Analysis Integration in a Systems Engineering Approach for Mechatronic Systems Design Soutenue le 12/12/2014 Devant un jury composé de : M. Alain RIVIERE Professeurs des Universités Supmeca – LISMMA, Saint-Ouen M. Hubert KADIMA Enseignant-chercheur, HDR EISTI – L@RIS, Cergy-Pontoise M. Hamid DEMMOU Professeurs des Universités Université de Toulouse – LAAS, Toulouse M. Omar HAMMAMI Professeur, HDR ENSTA ParisTech U2IS, Palaiseau M. Stanislao PATALANO Maître de Conférences, HDR University of Naples Federico II -Naples M.
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Chapter 8: Safety Analysis: Hazard Analysis Tasks
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 8: Safety Analysis/Hazard Analysis Tasks December 30, 2000 Chapter 8: Safety Analysis: Hazard Analysis Tasks 8.1 THE DESIGN PROCESS................................................................................................................2 8.2 ANALYSIS.......................................................................................................................................3 8.3 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS...................................................................7 8.4 DESIGN AND PRE-DESIGN SAFETY ACTIVITIES ................................................................10 8.5 HOW TO REVIEW AND/OR SPECIFY A SAFETY ANALYSIS..............................................21 8.6 EVALUATING A PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS........................................................25 8.7 EVALUATING A SUBSYSTEM HAZARD ANALYSIS.............................................................26 8.8 EVALUATING A SYSTEM HAZARD ANALYSIS....................................................................29 8.9 EVALUATING AN OPERATING AND SUPPORT HAZARD ANALYSIS..............................30 8.10 EVALUATING A FAULT TREE ANALYSIS...........................................................................31 8.11 EVALUATING QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES...................................................................35 FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 8: Safety Analysis/Hazard Analysis Tasks December 30, 2000 8.0 Safety Analysis: Hazard Analysis Tasks 8.1 The Design Process A systems safety program
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CURRICULUM VITAE Roger L. Wabeke
CURRIICULUM VIITAE Roger L. Wabeke Industrial Hygiene Safety Engineering Toxicology Training Environmental Health Warnings Ventilation Forensics BORN August 29, 1940 in Detroit, Michigan. United States citizen FAMILY loving friend and wife: Mary lovable children: Lisa, Lori, Michael lovable grandchildren: Abigail, Charlotte, Grace, Kettler, Veronica DETROIT MEDICAL Wayne State University School of Medicine CENTER OFFICE Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences Occupational and Environmental Medicine – Academic 3800 3800 Woodward Avenue best bet Professional Plaza – Suite 808 (EST, anytime) Detroit, Michigan 48201 telephones: (EST): 313-593-1164 (or 313-577-2286) School of Medicine administrative assistant: 313-577-6858 electronic mail: [email protected] CHEMICAL RISK Chemical Risk Management Please send mail to MANAGEMENT Eight Windham Lane this address. ® OFFICE and Dearborn, Michigan 48120-1109 LABORATORY voice mail (EST): 313-593-1164 (or 313-577-2286) electronic mail: [email protected] EDUCATION Master of Science in Chemical Engineering (Hazardous Materials and Environmental Pollution Engineering), Wayne State University College of Engineering; Detroit, Michigan (1992) Post-Graduate Certificate (Hazardous Materials Engineering), Wayne State University College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering (1991) Master of Science (Industrial Hygiene – Occupational and Environ- mental Health Sciences), Wayne State University School of Medicine (1975) 19 post graduate courses in mathematics, biochemistry,
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Integration Between Requirements Engineering and Safety Analysis: a Systematic Literature Review
The Journal of Systems and Software 125 (2017) 68–92 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect The Journal of Systems and Software journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jss Integration between requirements engineering and safety analysis: A systematic literature review ∗ Jéssyka Vilela a, , Jaelson Castro a, Luiz Eduardo G. Martins b, Tony Gorschek c a Centro de Informática, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil b Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil c Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH), Sweden a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Context: Safety-Critical Systems (SCS) require more sophisticated requirements engineering (RE) ap- Received 27 June 2016 proaches as inadequate, incomplete or misunderstood requirements have been recognized as a major Revised 18 October 2016 cause in many accidents and safety-related catastrophes. Objective: In order to cope with the complexity Accepted 21 November 2016 of specifying SCS by RE, we investigate the approaches proposed to improve the communication or inte- Available online 22 November 2016 gration between RE and safety engineering in SCS development. We analyze the activities that should be Keywords: performed by RE during safety analysis, the hazard/safety techniques it could use, the relationships be- Safety-critical systems tween safety information that it should specify, the tools to support safety analysis as well as integration Requirements engineering benefits between these areas. Method: We use a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) as the basis for our Safety analysis work. Results: We developed four taxonomies to help RE during specification of SCS that classify: tech- Integration niques used in (1) hazard analysis; (2) safety analysis; (3) safety-related information and (4) a detailed Communication set of information regarding hazards specification.
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An Industrial Case Study on the Evaluation of a Safety Engineering Approach for Software-Intensive Systems in the Automotive Domain
An Industrial Case Study on the Evaluation of a Safety Engineering Approach for Software-Intensive Systems in the Automotive Domain Asim Abdulkhaleqa,∗, Sebastian Vösta,b, Stefan Wagnera, John Thomasc aInstitute of Software Technology, University of Stuttgart, Germany bBMW Group, Munich, Germany cMIT, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A Abstract Safety remains one of the essential and vital aspects in today's automotive sys- tems. These systems, however, become ever more complex and dependent on software which is responsible for most of their critical functions. Therefore, the software components need to be analysed and verified appropriately in the context of software safety. The complexity of software systems makes defining software safety requirements with traditional safety analysis techniques difficult. A new technique called STPA (Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis) based on system and control theory has been developed by Leveson to cope with complex systems. Based on STPA, we have developed a comprehensive software safety engineering approach in which the software and safety engineers integrate the analysis of software risks with their verification to recognize the software-related hazards and reduce the risks to a low level. In this paper, we explore and evalu- ate the application of our approach to a real industrial system in the automotive domain. The case study was conducted analysing the software controller of the Active Cruise Control System (ACC) of the BMW Group. Keywords: STAMP, STPA, safety analysis, automotive software system, verification 1. Introduction Safety is an important property of today's complex systems. Modern sys- tems have achieved greater capabilities through growing reliance on increasingly capable software.
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Model Curriculum for Fire Safety Engineering
Published as a special issue of Fire Safety Journal. A PROPOSAL FOR A MODEL CURRICULUM IN FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING Prof S.E. Magnusson (chair) Department of Fire Safety Engineering, Lund University, Sweden Prof D.D. Drysdale Unit of Fire Safety Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering and Building Science, The University of Edinburgh, UK Prof R.W. Fitzgerald Department of Civil Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, US Prof V. Motevalli Center for Firesafety Studies, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, US Prof F. Mowrer Department of Fire Protection Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park, US Prof J. Quintiere Department of Fire Protection Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park, US Prof R. B. Williamson Department of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, US Prof R.G. Zalosh Center for Firesafety Studies, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, US March -95 Table of contents Page A Introduction 1. Objectives and scope 3 2. General goal of engineering education 8 3. General trends in fire safety engineering 9 4. Special problems in education and training of fire safety 14 professional 5. Definition of end product 16 B Detailed description of background courses (modules) 1. Fluid mechanics 20 2. Heat and mass transfer in fire 24 3. Classical thermodynamics 30 4. Solid mechanics 33 C Detailed description of fundamental courses (modules) 1. Fire fundamentals 37 2. Enclosure fire dynamics 43 3. Active fire protection 50 4. Passive fire protection 58 5. Interaction between fire and people 63 D Detailed description of applied courses (modules) 1. Risk management for fire and explosions 69 2. Industrial fire protection 72 A Introduction 1.
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A New Approach to System Safety Engineering
A New Approach To System Safety Engineering Nancy G. Leveson Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology c Copyright by the author June 2002. i We pretend that technology, our technology, is something of a life force, a will, and a thrust of its own, on which we can blame all, with which we can explain all, and in the end by means of which we can excuse ourselves. — T. Cuyler Young ManinNature DEDICATION: To all the great engineers who taught me system safety engineering, particularly Grady Lee who believed in me, and to C.O. Miller who started us all down this path. Also to Jens Rasmussen, whose pioneering work in Europe on applying systems thinking to engineering for safety, in parallel with the system safety movement in the United States, started a revolution. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The research that resulted in this book was partially supported by research grants from the NSF ITR program, the NASA Ames Design For Safety (Engineering for Complex Systems) program, the NASA Human-Centered Computing, and the NASA Langley System Archi- tecture Program (Dave Eckhart). program. Preface I began my adventure in system safety after completing graduate studies in computer science and joining the faculty of a computer science department. In the ﬁrst week at my new job, I received a call from Marion Moon, a system safety engineer at what was then Ground Systems Division of Hughes Aircraft Company. Apparently he had been passed between several faculty members, and I was his last hope. He told me about a new problem they were struggling with on a torpedo project, something he called software safety.
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