Stereo World Was Able to Include Only a Brief Notice in Voi

~ovemmr/DecemberVolume 17, Number 5 1990 sTfiT@yo

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National Louis and JewelSmaus When NSA Board Chairman Louis Smaus died Nov. 22, 1990 (only a few months after the death of his wife Jew- el) the news spread quickly among his many fiiends in both photographic and other organizations. Stereo World was able to include only a brief notice in VoI. 17 #4. The loss of such dedicated and caring people calls (at the very least) for some written tribute and yet makes writing ANYTHING difficult to begin and harder to finish with any feeling that justice has been done to the subject. One member who was able to put Iris thoughts on paper was photo historian and Louis and Jewel's close wend, Peter Palmquist. Jewel and Louis Smaus helping represent the NSA at the 1983 Congess of the International n many ways the National Stereoscopic Union in Buxton, England. IStereoscopic Association represents a confederation of friends collected notes have already been Louis also loved railroads and linked together by their passion deposited where other scholars can trolley-cars. (He often devoted for stereoscopy, both past and pre- use them. I am trying to do the what little spare time that he had sent. Yet, among these friends, same for Louis's collected papers. to the restoration of trolleys at the none were better champions of the I wanted to make the existence San Jose Historical Museum.) He NSA than Louis and Jewel Smaus. of these papers known - they will was an avid collector of anything They were also wonderful and go to the Oliver Wendell Holmes relating to stereoscopy. His histor- compassionate friends on a per- Stereoscopic Research Library - ical interest, obviously, was mainly sonal level; steady, generous and and to mention the extent of the Yosemite. Yet, he could not resist considerate to a fault. humanity exhibited by this materi- a bargain opportunity to pick up My first contact with Louis dates al. It is truly amazing how many stereo (and other) cameras, viewers back to the mid-1970s when we different people corresponded with and miscellaneous items of all exchanged letters concerning our Louis over the years, likewise, the kinds. He also collected pertinent mutual interest in Yosemite pho- wide range of topics discussed. literature. In fact, I don't think tographers. My correspondence Louis, it turns out, never threw that he ever discarded any infor- from that period reveals the type any of these letters away. His mation related to his various col- of person he was; well-organized, handwritten notes and thoughtful lecting passions. (He probably knowledgeable and above all - comments were also preserved. kept every sale catalog that he ever enthusiastic. Over the ensuing Details concerning the early years received.) years our contact has been almost of the NSA are there, as well as his As I write, these valuable materi- constant - by letter, telephone and meticulous notes concerning stere- als are on their way to the NSA personal visit - and I owe Louis oscopy in general. Yosemite, and Library. It will take the Holsteins perhaps the finest compliment information on the preservation of much time and effort to evaluate that one can bestow; he was "a wilderness also predominate. and organize the "Louis Smaus true friend." Who can forget the Less well-known, perhaps, is his Papers" but their long-range his- happy evenings spent at the Smaus early commitment to photogra- torical value is self-evident. I find home following regional NSA , phy. It seems clear that, given that I cannot truly express my meetings, a topic frequently men- I another life to live, he probably warm personal feelings and recol- tioned during recent encounters would have spent it behind the lections of Louis and Jewel Smaus. with mutual friends. camera, especially one with two They will be missed, and happily During the past few weeks I lenses. We of course well remem- remembered, as long as I live. I have had the sad task of assisting ber his outstanding stereoscopic am equally certain that any of you Bob and Rick Smaus as they sorted photographs presented as master- who knew them (even in passing) the artifacts of their parent's cre- ful 3-D slide shows. will know what I mean. ative lives. Jewel's writings and - Peter E. Palmquist m Table of con ten^ Volume 17, Number 5 November/December 1990 Copyright 01991 by the In This Issue Niagara Falls, Part 2 ...... 4 by Mark A. DiLaura NSA Board of Directors Fused Reviews ...... 17 by Arthur Girling and Ray Zone Paul Wing T.K. Treadwell Shaker Stereo In Exhibit ...... 20 Susan Pinsky 3-D at Photokina '90 ...... 26 Dieter Lorenz by Dieter Lorenz, translated by Vance Bass A 3-D Opening for Canadian Stereo Collection ...... 29 NSA Officers Stereo Tintypes ...... 30 by Robert G. Wilson Gordon H. Hoffman, President 3-D's Imagic Past ...... 34 John Weiler, Secretary A Review by john Dennis Robin Wheeler, Treasurer An Overdue Look at Civil War Stereographer George Barnard ...... Inside Back Cover Stereo World Staff by T.K. Treadwell John Dennis, Editor Mark Willke, Art Director Regular Features

Editor's View Comments and Observations, by lohn Dennis ...... 2 National Stereoscopic Leffer~ Reader's Comments and Questions ...... 3 Association (Memberships, renewals, address changes, NewViews Current Information on Stereo Today, by David Starkman &john Dennis .. 14 classlfied ads, dlsplay ads) P.O. Box 14801 View-Master Information on the Reel World, by Wolfgang & Mary Ann Sell ...... 22 Columbus, OH 43214 The Society News from the Stereoscopic Society of America, by Norman B. Patterson 32 Stereo World Editorial Office Classified Buy, Sell, or Trade It Here ...... 38 (Letters to the ed~tor,articles, calendar Ilstlngs) Calendar A Listing of Coming Events ...... 40 5610 SE 71 st Ave. Portland, OR 97206 "3-D Movies" Editor B~llShepard 17350 E Temple Ave., #399 LaPuente. CA 91744 Front Cover: "3-D Treasures" Editor Ron Labbe Louis Smaus as stereographed by David 15 Anson St. Boston, MA 02130 Starkman in 1985. Tributes to the late "NewViews" Editor Dav~dStarkman NSA board chairman appear on oppo- PO. Box 2368. Culver C~ty.CA 90231 site page and on page 2. "The Unknowns" Editor Dave Kle~n 14416 Harr~svilleRd , Mt A~ry,MD 21771 "View-Master" Editors Wolfgang & Mary Ann Sell 3752 Broadv~ewDr., Clnclnnat~,OH 45208

Oliver Wendell Holmes Sh?mo World(ISSN 0191-4030) is published bimonthly by the National Stereoscopic Association, Inc., P.O. Box 14801. Stereosco ic Research Library Columbus, OH 43214. All rights reserved. Material in this publication may not be reproduced without written ermission Eastern ColEge. St Dav~ds.PA 19087 of the NSA. Inc. Printed in U.S.A. A subscription to Stereo World is included with NSA membershlp, ~nnuaPrnember- ship dues: $22 thlrd class US, $30 first class U.S.. Canada, and forelgn surface. $40 ~nternat~onalalrmall. All member- sh~psare based on the publishing year of Stereo World, whlch begins In March and ends wlth the JanuaryIFebrua~y Issue of the next year. All new memberships received will commence with the MarchIApr~lIssue of the current calendar Stereoscopic Society of America year. When applying for membershlp, please advlse us ~fyou do not desire the back Issues ol the current volume. Jack E Cavender, Corres ond~ngSecretary 1677 Dorsey Ave , Su~teC, fast Po~nt,GA 30344 Member, International Stereoscopic Union Lou Smaus: 1916 -1990 hen Louis Smaus died WNovember 22nd of last year, the NSA lost more than a board chairman and a member active since 1975. Many will remember him from his frequent role at national conventions, helping with awards and formal introduc- tions - a personification of benign authority and reassuring continu- ity in a group which could other- wise appear to be on the edge of contented but general confusion. Prior to 1982, NSA national conventions had regularly been held in Canton, Ohio. Lou accepted the challenge of directing the 1982 convention in San Jose, CAI initi- ating the practice of holding con- Lou Smaus in 1985. (Stereo by David Starkman) ventions in different parts of the country each year. He was named His death followed a brief illness and historical photographic chairman of the NSA board of and was preceded by the death of knowledge, and his ease in coping directors that year, and helped pro- his wife Jewel about three months with a wide variety of personalities mote and guide the growth of the earlier. were exactly what the NSA needed. organization with an inspiring Lou's style of leadership was The fact that the group has experi- combination of energy and imagi- informal, helpful, friendly and car- enced so few of the ego conflicts nation through the next 8 years. ing. His combination of technical and organizational disputes com- mon to manv associations of its type is due at least in part to the influence of Lou Smaus. Stereo World While I was of course grateful for his support over the years for :erAge Stereo World through thick and per a few years ot urging by several we11and minor complications are trelng thin, It was one of Lou's other NSA members and directors, the editori- eliminated with a bit of checking in the interests which brought the two of al and layout functions of Stereo World manuals and/or some trial and error. us closer than stereography alone have been computerized. The delays Contributors wishing to send in text would have accomplished. We involved in sending copy off to the type- material on disks are asked to learned early on that we shared an setter, cutting and pasting up pages by along hard copy as well, just i interest in rail travel - not as an trial and error, and repeating the process this point, we should be able t academic historical matter, but as a for any channes- or additions are, with most Macintosh or IBM 3.5" t delight in riding and photograph- The ti,ming of this developnvent has this issue, a thing of tlle past. (F ing firnctioning trains and trolleys. now on, all our delays will be str its own sad irony, in that Lou Smaus state-of-the-art.) was one of the most enthusias:tic sup- Going to the 1985 NSA conven- The system lnvoives. . earnng m8 poners-..-.. . of .. computerizing the Si tereo tion in St. Louis, we arranged to on a Mac Classic (2/40) with Mfi World operation, and he had been 1 meet in Salt Lake City where I1 (v. I.I), then doing the layout I actively helping with the selec tion of Amtrack cars from Oregon and Mac IIsi (5/80) with Quark XPre. hardware and sofhvare only a couple. -of California are joined into the "Pio- (v. 3.0). The resulting disks are t r..,,, weeks before his death. Besides the pho- neer" headed for Chicago. The taken to an A@ 9000 raster imr zge pro- tos and wn'tkn remembrances, every combined memories of Utah cessor, which converts the data and page of this first issue produced with mesas, Colorado river canyons, sends it to an Agfa 9600G laser I image that system is really a tribute to his - railroad stories and stereo photog- setter to generate the final cameru-rwuy many efforts for the NSA and (Continued on page 16) pages: So far, things are working out Stereo World.

2 STEREO WORLD NovemberIDecember 1990 Sagamore Hill Views? convention in Portland in August Q-DOS: Dejfi-VU? am a researcher with the Sag- of 1989. Wishing to be able to In reference to John Dennis's Iamore Hill Horticultural Society. project my own slides at home for article in the Sept./Oct. 1990 issue We are currently endeavoring to my family and friends, I acquired a [page 311: To evaluate how inno- restore the gardens at Sagamore TDC 500 projector with 5" lenses. vative Vivitar's "new" Q-DOS 3-D Hill (Theodore Roosevelt's home1 Imagine my disappointment when lens system really is, one has to farm on Long Island) to their his- I turned it on and produced a tiny take a good close look at Jim torical likeness during the years 2'xZ1 image in my front room. I Songer's anaglyphic lens design 1901-1909. We would very much had heard that TDC had made patented in 1973 and commercial- appreciate knowing of any photos some 4" lenses for bigger images at ized by Video West in the U.S.A or stereographs of Sagamore Hill, this close range, and I ordered a and Moll-Browning in Australia ... especially for the above years. pair from a gentleman on the east The only significant difference I have located four stereographs coast. But when placed in my pro- between the Video West and the reproduced in the book "Camping jector, they hardly increased the Q-DOS system is that the filter and Tramping With Roosevelt" by size of the image over the 5" lenses module in the former was mount- John Burroughs, 1906 2nd edition, at all. ed permanently in the lens, while Houghton Mifflin, Boston & New Not to be outdone, I set out to Q-DOS lenses are designed to York. The original stereographs are increase the size of my projected allow quick insertion or removal of all by Underwood & Underwood: image to match my five foot wide the module. Other than that, both screen without adding an addition systems are virtually identical and "A Bit of Woodland on the Slope onto my house. I dug up every Towards Oyster Bay" page 88 will yield the same type of so-so magnifying lens I could find and results seen in sample illustrations "A path in the woods leading to attached them, one a a time, to the Cold Spring Harbor " page 92 published in the April 1974 issue ends of the 4" lenses with tape and of American Cinematographer and "A yearling in the apple orchard" cardboard tubing. After days of page 98 the October 1979 issue of Aus- testing I discovered the best com- tralian Playboy. If Vivitar does "Alfred Davis - gardener pensioned bination of lens type and tube market its Q-DOS system, the pub- by Mr. Roosevelt" length. I started by removing the lic at large will assume that this Finding these leads us to the plano/convex lenses from the rear system constitutes typical "state- hope that there may be more. If end of my 5" TDC lenses, then of-the-art" 3-D and will stay away you have or know of such images, had some 1.2" long aluminum from this as well as any other more please contact: tubes made to match the diameter worthwhile 3-D system. Thanks a Gunnar Martone of the rear portion of the 4" lenses. lot, Vivitar! Sagamore Hill (Something like PVC tubing would Fran~oisBeaulieu Horticultural Society as well, and the lenses are probably Montreal, Quebec PO Box 537 available from Edmund Scientific.) Oyster Bay, NY 11 771 I painted the insides of the tubes Having now seen several sample Q-DOS flat black and glued the lenses, prints, I can report that most of the im- provement seems to be in the lack of color convex side out, to the ends of the degradation to the image within the zone I rarely write to editors, but after tubes using RWbathtub caulking of sharp focus. This problem was noticed reading Stereo World for a few compound. Last, I taped the with the Video West system, although the years, I think I should finally extension tubes to the backs of the magazine reproductions may have con- express my admiration for the 4" lenses with aluminum tape. tributed to the impression. Close-ups shot editing and content of this maga- I can now set the projector up in with low level, low contrast light produce Q-DOS prints with an obvious 3-0 effect zine. It is without doubt a four my front room 8' from the screen and produce huge, bright, screen and no anaglyphic ghosting. As camera star result in every category. Con- to subject distance increases and/or small- gratulations! filling images with both good focus and linearity. However, if I er apertures are used, the depth quickly Everett M. Bernstein bottoms out, and in some cases is barely Chicago, IL ever find it necessary to project detectable. slides in a larger room, I can sim- -Ed. m ply untape the extensions, con- Wide Angle verting the projector back to a 4" TDC Projection lens configuration. As a member new to the NSA Doug Martin and to the hobby of stereo photog- Woodinville, WA raphy I was very much impressed with the projection show at the

STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 by Mark A. DiLaura

George Barker the art." His parents obviously rough I the eorge Barker was a man whose took great pride in their young ;cope son, because for five years he was . .. Glife seemed to be singularly ...., ,..~dy examlnes the hfstfifi'"'I "In+ punctuated by triumph and trag- provided with special instruction ' stereo photography at Niagara iFalls edy. Again and again, he must in oil and water colors, "...and during the latter half of the 19t h centu- developed that rare artistic touch ry. Of particular interest and ci Incern have wondered if the fates were ^C and eye which in after years gave to this mearch was the ex~lorarlur~UI laughing at him, as so often the flavor of a hard-won accomplish- him that reputation which has cir- the professio~alwork :and caree7s of cled the world." Charles Rierstadt, Gc ?ocyeBarkc 7 and ment was flawed by the bitter sea- His father was in the midst of George E. Curtis, wh,o were. the . three soning of personal grief. Not a most prominent stffeograpnfcphotog- person to break down under adver- making plans for George to travel raphen of Niagara Falls during that sity, he was known for.his dogged to Europe to study with the mas- time. Very little is recognized today of perseverance and determination to ters, so that he could become a the vpry important contributions made perfect his craft. professional landscape painter, by outstanding Niagara Falls photogra- Barker's parents, William and when the financial panic of 1857 phers during this critical period in the destroyed the family fortune and history ofphoto~raphy.This study has Anna, had emigrated from Not- tingham, England and settled in young George's dreams. Although been undertaken to redress this histori- adult responsibilities were under- cal oversig?kt. London, Ontario where George mese, cond instal'lment of tl iis three was born on July 17, 1844. The taken at a much earlier age in that part series covers the work of GIforge elder Barker became a wealthy and period than is the custom today, it Barker. Purr-A____ unr, in1.. me11.. prmous-__.:_ . . zssue, ...... prominent man, whose money must have been with a heavy heart covered the photographic histoy had been made through real es- that the sixteen-year-old George Niagara Falls and the work of ( tate. That he was a distinguished Barker left his formal schooling Bierstadt. Part 3 will cover Get and well-respected citizen in his and set about to train as a photog- cum's.] country is attested to by the fact rapher, in the hope that this pro- that he served as alderman, and fession, which was a dim second later as mayor of his town. choice, would at least provide him Very early in his life, George with a living. Barker showed extraordinary artis- He obtained a position in the tic talent. When he was eight studio of James Egan, Western years old, "...he made a drawing Canada's leading portrait photog- on his slate of the teacher whip- rapher, where he learned the basics ping a boy, which was such a strik- of the craft. He stayed with Egan ing likeness (no pun) that he was only one year before setting up his made an instructor in drawing, own independent studio. Business teaching his young schoolmates was poor in London, Ontario and this venture was unsuccessful.

STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecernber 1990 5 With the courage and optimism of Fig. l. "Table Rock in 1862". youth, in 1862, one week after his eighteenth birthday, Barker left for ly (1862-63) in his career, Barker's The choice of dramatic subject the States to make his fortune. It photographs contained many of matter was often dictated by the has become part of folklore that he the elements that were to endure scenes most in demand by tourists, arrived in Niagara Falls penniless, as distinguishing characteristics of but the methods chosen by Barker having spent his last quarter to his work. He often chose unusual to present these events demon- pay the toll to cross the suspension vantage points to capture dramatic strate his creativity. For instance, bridge. angles in his landscapes and took in 1861, (the year before Barker At that time, Platt Babbitt had full advantage of contrasting arrived in Niagara Falls) Captain the only photography studio in bands of dark and light features, Joel E. Robinson took the first Niagara Falls, and young Barker i.e. shore line, horizon, dark water/ Maid of the Mist (the boat) through secured a position as an apprentice white sky, etc. in the composition the rapids, one of the roughest at ten dollars per month. Very ear- of his ~ictures.(See figure 1.) stretches of water in the world. I - This trip was taken on a dare, and Robinson was paid $500 after its Fig. 2. "The Maid of the Mist in the Whirlpool Rapids - Niagara", a fake stereograph successful completion, but it has done with more imagination than most, except for the reversed stereo window.

6 STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 Fig. 3. No. 476, "American Fall from Luna Island." points of interest, by a new instru- ment that moves in a circle by finely regulated machinery. The never since been repeated with a Barker was evidently successful views are such that as cannot be person on board. No photogra- in this first venture, because he left obtained by the cameras in com- pher had captured this legendary that first small studio after one mon use, and are really fine speci- trip. But since the event was of year, and moved to larger quarters mens of this wonderful art. This great interest to tourists, Barker further along Main Street, where machine is a foreign invention, conceived a novel method of pre- by 1870 he had established a and was brought here for trial a senting it. He painted the scene in "View Manufactory and Photo- few days ago, preliminary to nego- most dramatic fashion, as he imag- graphic Rooms" over his variety tiations for sale of the patent to ined it, and then photographed store and had employed a young parties in this country. Mr. Barker was thus enabled to secure exclu- the painting propped in back of a man as his assistant. Barker was sive ownership of several nega- rocky foreground, to try to achieve beginning to be recognized and tives, from which he can furnish a 3-D effect. Because this is a ste- respected for the excellence of his views in any number. Our citi- reograph of a two-dimensional pic- photography, although he had a zens, as well as strangers, should ture, it doesn't quite work for the hard job maintaining himself in examine these views. entire print, although seen winter, when there were no tourist This "foreign machine" was later through a stereoscope, there is a customers. He industriously uti- identified in The Philadelphia Pho- 3-D effect in the foreground which lized these frigid seasons to photo- tographer as Johnson's Pantascopic incidentally shows very clearly graph a series of striking views of Camera. Barker had used it to what was done. (See figure 2.) frozen landscapes around the Falls, make views that showed all the While working for Babbitt, and demonstrated his printing Falls, and he produced prints that George Barker made the first large skill despite the inferior quality of measured 12" x 20". paper photographs of the Falls for his equipment and lack of funds to Barker was destined not to real- the convenience of a foreign cus- upgrade his photographic appara- ize his goal easily however, as dis- tomer. Babbitt very early raised tus. aster placed a formidable obstacle the amount of Barker's wages, pre- In 1869, The Philadelphia Photog- in his way. Fire broke out in his sumably to keep him in his em- rapher, the biggest and most re- studio on February 7, 1870 which ploy. At that time there were only spected photography magazine of destroyed all his equipment, and stereoscopic views and ambrotypes that time, mentioned with high severely damaged the goods in his (photographs on glass) available at praise the magic lantern (slides) store below. Insurance covered the Niagara Falls. Recognizing that exhibition of a large series of win- loss of the building but not its printing paper views could be a ter and summer views of Niagara contents, although some of his good way to make money, Barker Falls by George Barker, at the first best negatives were salvaged. So at left Babbitt after a two-year ap- Annual Exhibition of the National the age of twenty-six, Barker was prenticeship, and rented a small Photographic Association, which thrown back on his own resource- shop on Main Street to start his was held in Boston. At about the fulness and persistence once again, own business. Making large paper same time, the local newspaper to struggle against high odds. photographs became his speciality reported that, A well-timed opportunity pre- early in his career. Mr. George Barker has taken sented itself at this critical point in several fine views of the Falls and

STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 7 Barkers life and career, as the Inter- Fig. 4. "Blondin crossing Niagara River on a rope." The person on the rope is achrally national Industrial Exposition took Bellini. place in Buffalo in 1871. Barker may well have entered photo- The view in question is of an Indi- winter-distorted shape of the so- graphs and/or stereographs printed an woman shown sitting under a called "Indian tree". Barker often from the negatives saved from the tree with the American Falls in the used a human presence in his pho- fire. He won three first prizes. NO background.(See figure 3.) tographs as a means of showing references could be found concern- Note the repetition of curved perspective and comparative size ing the specific winning pictures, shapes, the counterpoint of light of natural formations or as foil to but one of his views that had to and dark shading, the dramatic the grandeur of the scene. have been taken before 1869 may balance of the composition and In December, 1872, the glass well have been part of his entry. the striking frame provided by the transparencies of both Barker and Bierstadt were displayed in a magic Fig. 5. "Belleni making the 'Conchone Leap' from his rope into Niagara R." A pirated lantern show at the Insti- copy of a Barker view which recreated an actual event by drawing the leaping figure onto tute in During the the negative.

8 STEREO WORLD NovemberIDecember 1990 same year, a contract for the distri- created another "fabulous fake" to Barker was now fully recognized bution of Barker's stereographs, pair with his depiction of Robin- as one of the three leading photog- together with those of Curtis was son's ride through the rapids. raphers in Niagara Falls, along made with Wilson, who had now These stereographs were in great with Bierstadt and Curtis. His gone into the manufacture of demand by tourists. work was widely known and stereoviews since E. Anthony had Unfortunately, strict attention to praised; he was successful in earn- gone into the manufacture of cam- accuracy was never a hallmark of ing a comfortable living; he had eras. Hitting his stride as a pho- these souvenir views. The stereo- married a local girl, Georgia Ship- tographer in the fall of 1873, Bark- view designated as Blondin (figure man on June 20,1871 and had er entered his Niagara Falls stereo- 4) is really Bellini walking the started raising a family. However, views into competition with the tightrope, poised at the crest of the all was not bliss. The satisfaction work of Bierstadt, an older and mist from the American Falls. Per- he must have felt about his in- already acknowledged master of haps because Blondin's name was creasing stature in his field and his the art, at the American Institute better known, the use of it may improved financial status was sure- Exhibition in New York City, and have enhanced the sale of this ly tempered with sorrow by the placed second to Bierstadt in that view. Another practice, known as death of his father in that year. contest. "pirating" provided a means to By 1878, Barker had reopened Barker's talent for depicting the create reproductions at greatly his photography studio and vari- daring stunts that had become reduced cost. Mass production ety store. He advertised in the famous tourist attractions at the and use of inferior quality materi- local papers that he was now Falls was displayed once more dur- als enabled companies to sell ste- equipped to take excellent por- ing the summer of 1873, when reographs very inexpensively. Fur- traits, suitable for Christmas gifts, Bellini added a new twist to the act ther, since the original view was at very reasonable prices. Mean- of tightrope walking over the Nia- "pirated" no royalties were paid to while, some of Barker's best land- gara River. He made a free fall into independent photographers for scape work was done during win- the river from the middle of his their work. Generally, this practice ter. The "Great Ice Mountain" (fig- rope, breaking (or braking) the was confined to the most popular ure 6) exemplifies Barker's use of impact of his landing in the water stereographs. Barker's "fake" of repeated patterns of form and line. by means of a strong rubber cord. Bellini's fall (figure 5) is shown The strong diagonal from the low- Barker drew the falling figure on here in its pirated version. er left corner leads the eye into the his stereograph negative and thus picture. The whitened sky evokes the chilling feeling of a winter day, and the stark contrast of light and Fig. 6. "The Great Ice Mountain - Niagara 1879".

STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 9 dark tones heightens the dramatic Fig. 7. No. 215, "Niagara - Freds Cabin - Hotel on the Ice Rridnqe." Note the rnarl at the impact of the scene. There is a right who appears to be looking through a stereoscope. static, frozen quality in the three figures who do not relate to one for the State Park project. That he active participant in the Fireman's another, but rather stand stiffly as capitalized on this photographic Association, the Ancient Order of though placed as inanimate ob- opportunity is proved by the pub- United Workmen, and other be- jects against the backdrop of a lication in Harper's Weekly Maga- nevolent orders. He took full ad- stage set. zine, a series of photographs and vantage of any local photographic There is more than immediately sketches by George Barker entitled opportunities, and helped to orga- meets the eye in the illustrative "The Redemption of Niagara - nize public extravaganzas, such as documentary view labeled "Fred's Views near the Cataract", which the reenactment of Robinson's Cabin". (See figure 7.) Located on came out during the week Niagara "Ride Through the Rapids", (with a the ice bridge, a natural phenom- State Park was dedicated in July, dummy for the passenger) which enon that could occur suddenly 1885. His work had previously was widely publicized. during a severe freeze when great been featured by Harper's Weekly Barker was the "man of the chunks of ice in the Niagara froze in the September 15, 1883 edition. hour" at the annual convention of together to span the American and During the early 1880s, George the Photography Association of Canadian banks, it illustrates the Barker was a busy man, indeed. America held in Buffalo, New York custom of entrepreneurs to build He photographed literally thou- in July of 1885, coinciding with shanties on the ice, from which sands of views of Niagara in all the opening of the Niagara Falls duty-free whiskey was dispensed. seasons, varied weather condi- State Park. His displayed photo- When arrests were made, the tions, and from countless vantage graphs of the Falls were heralded boundary line between countries points, to capture fresh and unusu- for capturing its magnificence and was invariably disputed, and since al effects in a landscape that had beauty. the ice bridge disintegrated after a already been photographed volu- It must have been a sad and few days, conviction was usually minously, and was becoming a lonely celebration for him howev- impossible. This stereoview also somewhat hackneyed subject. His er, since his wife had died six affords a clear picture of one end meticulous attention to detail not weeks previously, leaving five chil- of the Suspension Bridge, an engi- only made him an outstanding dren, the youngest of whom was neering marvel of the day. photographer, but undoubtedly only about a year old. He seems to Always on the lookout for a new contributed to his success as a have thrown himself into his work opportunity, George Barker se- businessman. with renewed fervor after this, as cured the contract, in 1879, to This rather extreme attention to he spent part of the following win- photograph a series of views which detail extended to his writing of ter in Florida, where he developed he entitled "Disfigured Banks". lengthy letters to the local newspa- expertise in a new genre, pho- These photographs, taken with per to correct the report of scores tographing interiors. Barker's artistic eye for emphasiz- for members of a shooting club to At the 1886 convention of the ing the ugly as well as the beauti- which he belonged. He was a Photographer's Association of ful, may well have been a decisive 32nd degree Mason and an officer America, which was held in St. factor in prodding the Legislature in his Masonic Lodge, as well as an Louis, in competition with one to appropriate the needed monies

10 STEREO WORLD NovemberIDecernber 1990 - Fig. 8. No. 617, "Rapids above the Falls - Niagara." ably, he was awarded an inscribed silver medal as a prize. thousand American photogra- America selected a large number of In Preparing for the phers, Barker swept the board with the best views to be exhibited in for the following year, 1887, the a full complement of honors. Not Braunsweig, Germany, to "give evi- that previous only did he win the first gold dence of our appreciation of the winners of a gold medal in any medal to be awarded for landscape efforts of our German co-workers be debarred photography, and the first prize of to promote fraternal feeling and competition. This did not sit well one hundred dollars for the best an interchange of thought be- with George Barker, who promptly prints from Cramer plates, but he tween us." At that time, landscape wrote a letter to the execu- scored a full thirty points (signify- photography was accepted as "art" tive protesting this ing perfect) for his views. (This in Europe, which was not yet true ~le,and announcing his inten- must have been a system of scor- in ~~~~i~~.predictably, many of tion to exhibit, even if he could ing similar to the way athletes are Barker's views were included for not compete. Perhaps because of judged at the Olympics.) this showing, and just as predict- the unsurpassed excellence of his After the St. Louis Convention, the Association of Fig. 9. No. 660, "The Whirlpool Rapids - Niagara."

STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecernber 1990 11 collection of landscapes, a special middle ground of the picture is Daguerre's invention of the photo- grand prize, a diamond studded caught at the breaking point of its graphic image, and was the occa- badge, was added to the awards crest. Whether by lucky accident, sion for the commissioning of a and was given to Barker. To quote or by careful patient design, the statue of Daguerre to be placed in from a critical review of that day, white contour of the leaping spray Washington, D.C. At this 1889 "Many regard photographs simply is replicated darkly by the outline convention he was honored once from a mechanical point of view, of the foliage directly above it. again. To quote Wilson's Photo- but Mr. Barker is an artist, and his The foaming, churning flood has a graphic Magazine, "Mr. Barker, Nia- photography is an art... (which) heavy viscous quality, and the sol- gara Falls, made a finer display of would compare favorably with id dark shore, and gray cloudless magnificent views than all the rest many of the marines (paintings) sky impart a somber, brooding at- in the Exhibition combined. No that hang in the great galleries." mosphere. This is a good illustra- praise is too great for his magnifi- Barker had proved himself mas- tion of Barker's brilliant use of cent pictures of Niagara and the ter of capturing the elemental varying dark tone shades, high- Florida Jungles. His interiors (a surging power of turbulent water. lighted by dramatic white accents, new line for him) are equal to all An interesting comparison can be in the absence of color. his other work. Gold medal made between his view of "Rapids In 1888, not wishing to be prize." above the Falls" (figure 8) and judged just as a landscape photog- Mention was also made, in refer- "The Whirlpool Rapidsf1(figure 9). rapher, or perhaps more likely, not ence to the convention, in The In figure 8, the roiling, tossing wishing to be debarred from com- Photographic Times and American mass of water is echoed in the petition once again, Barker entered Photographer of the "old rivalry" heavy dark clouds billowing in the "Interior Views", a technique that between Barker and William Henry sky. The dark trees on the farther was new for him, and once again Jackson of Denver, Colorado. shore, with their jagged silhouette, won a first prize gold medal. In Once again, his work was sent over provide an appropriate division order to vary the offerings in his to Europe, this time to be judged between the seething water and portfolio, and to cater to public in a showing in Paris, and again he the threatening sky. Seen through taste for variety, he spent another was awarded a gold medal for a stereoscope, the splashing wave winter in Florida photographing a excellence. in the foreground seems to spill variety of scenes, and also visited By 1890, George Barker appeared out of the picture frame, and one and stereographed the site of the to have outstripped the jinx that has the sensation that there is im- Johnstown Flood, a current catas- had dogged him, marring each minent danger of getting wet, or trophe that was much in the news. accomplishment that had seemed worse, of being sucked under the The American Photographer's to set him firmly on the road to breakers. Association Convention of 1889, fame and fortune. He was happily An excellent example of Barker's held in Boston, was perhaps the (we suppose) remarried, to Ida ability to capture movement with most prestigious competition of Kranepahl, and they had produced an instantaneous exposure, (a the century, as it commemorated a baby girl to add to his growing claim implied in much of his ad- the fiftieth anniversary of family. He had won highest hon- vertising) is illustrated in figure 9. The off-center, high wave in the Fig. 10. "Niagara Winter Sporting on the Ice Mountain. "

Winter Spo Ice JIOnnta

12 STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 ors for his photographs in Ameri- might photograph the same view phy and a consummate artist, lion- ca, and also in exhibitions in Ger- as many as twenty times before he ized in the local press and many and Paris. In the words of was satisfied with the result. The throughout the art world. But he an art critic, "his fame has spread elements that enhance the painter- was not destined to enjoy an old world-wide" (or at least through ly quality of this view exaggerate age heaped with laurels and endur- the ranks of artists and photogra- the tension between the smooth ing fame. phy buffs of the day.) flow of the Falls, pictured against George Barker had began to suf- Evidence of his skill in capturing the almost ethereal mist created by fer from the effects of Bright's Dis- the third dimension, the hallmark its spray, and the desperate cling- ease, a kidney ailment resulting, of stereophotography, is his view ing appearance of the snow cov- no doubt, from prolonged expo- "Niagara - Winter Sporting on the ered gnarled bushes that seem to sure to the chemicals used in his Ice Mountain". (See figure 10.) be in danger of slipping down the photographic work. Although he This is a perfect example of his surface of the icy cliff. The two continued to photograph local winter stereography, with the most persons on the promontory have events and traveled once more to dramatic use of three-dimensional assumed different body positions. Florida, his work was largely effect. When viewed through a One directs the viewer's eye to ignored by art critics. His beloved stereoscope, one can see layer after dark evergreens framing the upper young second wife died in 1893, layer of snow mounts. One can left corner of the picture, a frame perhaps in childbirth, (although easily imagine joining the throngs that tightens the composition and we have no direct evidence to sup- of strollers on a brisk winter day, keeps viewing focused within the port this hypothesis) and in 1894, following the winding path to an sphere of Barker's image. The oth- Barker died on November 27th, upper level of the Ice Bridge, with er figure's position echoes the out- aged fifty. never a thought of possible danger. ward and downward flow of the By the end of the century, (A tragedy did occur in 1912, Falls. This view is a study in con- William Henry Jackson had when the Ice Bridge suddenly col- trast: light and dark tones, smooth eclipsed Barker's reputation with lapsed, and three persons were car- surface and rough texture, sharp the new lithograph color prints, ried on floating ice to their deaths focus in foreground and soft, which were eagerly purchased by in the Whirlpool Rapids.) almost blurred focus in the back- tourists in Niagara Falls, and hailed Among the best of Barker's win- ground, with the unseen distant as the latest innovation by the ter views is "Prospect Point in horizon stretching to infinity press. Sic transit gloria! m Winter". (See figure 11.) Many around the curve of the point. versions of this particular stereo- George Barker did not compete graph exist, some with one person again in any major photographic overlooking the Falls, some with- contest after 1889. He had out human presence and this achieved all conceivable honors, example with two figures, which both in America and in Europe. At was Barker's choice as the perfect- the age of fourty-five, he was the ed version. It was said that he acknowledged master of photogra-

Fig. 1I. "Niagara Prospect Point in Winter." 1

STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 13 A System Worth Looking Into f you need some visual confirma- Ition of your exact place in the universe, the latest print from Cygnus Graphic can provide a truly deep look at the solar system and its planets. Across the center of the 22 x 28 inch anaglyphic print is an overall view of the entire solar system with the nine known planets and their orbital tracks, the asteroid belt, some of the "minor planets", and a pair of comets. Floating in the near background are the closer stars and behind them are a section of the Milky Way and several distant galaxies and clusters. Across the to^ are 3-D "close- ups" of the plahets with their A section of the center part of the anaglyphic print "Our Solar System" as photographed satellites, while at the bottom a through the glasses supplied with it. O 1990 Cygnus Graphic. huge section of the sun blazes and a 31~view of our galaxy includes a may find themselves occupied for "you are here" mark. Considerable Some of the brighter planets and some time. research and effort (both astro- their moons present a slight ghost- The OPTI-RELIEFM"Our Solar nomical and stereo) went into the ing problem, but the large center System" print is $9.95 from print, which includes current section with the solar system and Cygnus Graphic, Box 32461, information and statistics on each star field is about as close to a per- planet. For their images, models fect anaglyphic image as possible Phoenix, AX 85064. Write to them for details on anaglyphic of each were built and painted using red and blue inks. Even for a glasses, other products and ship- using the latest Voyager pictures, jaded 3-D addict, the effect is stun- then photographed in 3-D ning. First-time viewers seeing the ping costs. print on a well illuminated wall Your Worst Fears Dept. Many of us, while watching col- into assigned 3-D planes for view- Just what the resulting image orized movies on TV (and perhaps ing as a complete stereo pair by pairs would look like depends, as turning the color setting to zero) whatever video 3-D system is with colorization, on how com- may have wondered if someday in employed. As in colorization, a plex the image and the instruc- the far future a computerized human operator would tell the tions concerning it are. Characters method of converting flat films to computer which pixels belong to in converted scenes could easily 3-D would be inflicted on a video- which object or part of an object. look like cardboard cut-outs if only saturated public. That day may be Then, instead of assigning it a col- a few planes were selected, just as closer than most people would or, it is assigned a relative depth some colorized scenes seem limit- have thought possible. Latent plane which the computer follows ed to a few standard brown suits, Image Corporation of New York depending on the relative size and yellow walls and basic blue skies. has recently patented a conversion position of the object. Human But 3-D conversion goes beyond technique based on their coloriza- intervention is said to be needed the changes involved in adding tion technology which would sep- for fine tuning from every four to color to black & white movies. As arate each pixel of a flat image every ten frames. anyone involved with 3-D comic

14 STEREO WORLD NovemberIDecember 1990 or drawing conversion can replacement could involve thou- behind certain posts or branches or explain, when part of an image is sands of pixels, depending on the cars. While the parts of back- moved to create a stereo separa- required displacement of image grounds involved could be small, tion, the blank space left at one elements. Colorization involves the artistic and philosophical edge must be filled in with contin- altering only the surface hues of issues opened up would be bigger uations of the lines that would an image but 3-D conversion and more basic than those raised normally be seen "behind" the would require actually creating by the addition of computerized moved object. In a simple line parts of an image that never exist- colors. drawing, that process requires little ed on the original film. There more than filling in or extending would be situations in which the This column depends a readers for infor- existing lines for the stereo image operators would have to make up mation. (We don't know everything!) Send to make sense, but in a digitized in their own imaginations what information or questions to David Starkman, movie frame that background should appear, in the 3-D version, P.0. Box 2368, Culver City, CA 90231. (Thanks to Larry Hess, William Schechter, and Nick Graver for sending variou! clippings.) - - Light and the Loreo Several people using the new ble mirrors and/or the front win- Loreo stereo camera (NewViews, dow as well. Some light may also A Dose of Sept./Oct. '90) have mentioned be reflecting off the bright surfaces "hot spot" reflections appearing in around the mirror assembly, which Q-DOS one or both of the images when need to have a dull black coating. The January '91 issue of Popular taking photos in daylight situa- A rectangular lens hood taped or Photography included a quite positions. The reflections are most glued to the front flange of the tive item on Vivitar's Q-DOS sin- obvious when direct sunlight camera may avoid most of the gle-lens anaglyph 3-D system (see strikes the camera from the side, internal reflections. Sept./Oct. New Views, page 31). apparently bouncing off the dou- About the only drawbacks mentioned were the three quarters of a stop lost to the filters and the loss of color when viewing the print through the glasses. Of the several Q-DOS prints seen recently in the Stereo World office, the close-ups are clearly the most impressive, with obvious depth due to the greater anaglyphic separation resulting from their shorter depth of field. The medium views with noticeable depth are probably those shot at the widest aperture openings, as some have an actual 3-D effect and some have nearly none. Soft, low-contrast lighting tends to prevent anaglyphic ghosting in the better samples. Q-DOS lenses are expected to reach dealers

(Stereo by Dwight Cummings.) The Prairie Spy In addition to the Red Wing tion of the Red Wing, a great deal oscope with excellent optics. Viewer (Stereo World, MayIJune of attention is given to appearance While the Red Wing is made of '86) Luther Askeland of Welch Vil- and woodworking detail as well as walnut, the Prairie Spy is made of lage Woodworking is now making function - it's meant to be some- cherry - a very stable wood. Like another stereoscope called the thing to touch and look at as well the Red Wing, the Prairie Spy has a Prairie Spy, which is designed to as to use. The objective behind leather hood large enough to fill a different "niche" in the mar- the Prairie Spy is different: to build accommodate eyeglasses. The ket. In the design and construc- a sturdy and functional basic stere- lenses are interchangeable with the

STEREO WORLD NovernberlDecember I990 15 Red Wing's, and apart from a few nuances the optical qualities of the two stereoscopes are said to be the same. The stage (card holder) has a similar sliding action with adjustable tensioning. The stage wire is of the traditional type and so can be used with glass or tissue views as well as paper. A stand is included. The price of the Prairie Spy is $69, which includes shipping to the 48 states. Orders can be sent to Welch Village Woodworking, Rt. 2, Box 18, Welch MN 55089, or call (612) 388-5304. m 1 Editor's View (Continued from page 2) orchard region above Hood River. jects. He had served for some time raphy conversations will stay with Closer to home, he donated many as secretary of that circuit of slide me always. I can't imagine ever hours of labor as well as stereo- folios, and was as active in the having a better time getting any- graphic efforts to the restoration of Society as he was in many other where. One specific memory of antique trolley cars now operating groups and interests. the trip is of standing lookout for along the Transit Mall in San Jose. As long as the NSA continues to the approach of the conductor (The 1986 Christmas card sent by attract the interest and dedication while Lou leaned out the open Lou and Jewel was a stereoview of of people like Lou Smaus, it will upper half-door in the vestibule, them smiling from the front of the remain as informative, friendly shooting pictures. He wanted to just restored and painted car and broad based as any organiza- include the train with the scenery #124.) tion of its type likely to be found. and avoid window reflections, and His other strong interest was But a person combining anything he was caught more than once Yosemite, which he had first visit- like Lou's personality, knowledge having opened the forbidden door. ed in 1926 and which never after and range of interests in not likely (It was at this point I told him I'd seemed to be far from his mind. to be found anytime soon - and he never f7y anywhere with him!) His years of volunteer photo his- is missed. m The organized tour following torical research at the Yosemite the previous year's convention had Museum provided it with one of naturally found both of us riding the more complete and well docu- the well-stereographed Cog railway mented photographic collections Explore up Mt. Washington. Following the of any institution of its type. A 1986 convention in King of Prus- good proportion of that photo- the World sia, PA, Lou and Barry Swackhamer graphic record is of course stereo, and I took off on our own to find a and Lou lost no opportunity to of 3-D Photography little known "High Speed" trolley promote the study of stereography Then & Now, in line linking Norristown with and the value of the NSA to any- Philadelphia. Once the futuristic one interested in the area's history. pride of the area, the isolated track These efforts included an article on and cars had changed little since "Yosemite in Stereo" in a recent STE:J!!$EO the 1950s and some dated from issue of Yosemite Magazine. His the opening of the line years earli- own stereo slides of the area in a ~d ,iAJ3 er. Finding such museum pieces variety of seasons and weather still in operation in the U.S. was a conditions constitute a sizable col- Still only $22 a year bit like finding a shop full of lection of their own, some of unsold stereoviews offered at the which provide a modern stereo from original price. For the Columbia aspect to the museum collection. National Gorge tour following the 1989 Members of the Stereoscopic Soci- NSA stereoscopic convention in Portland, Lou orga- ety's "Alpha" transparency circuit El Assoc~at~on nized the excursion for 73 mem- are fortunate enough to have seen bers on the restored cars of the many of Lou's impressive images P.O. Box 14801 Mount Hood Railway through the of Yosemite, along with other sub- Columbus, OH 4321 4

16 STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember I990 A PAIR OF 3-D ARTISTS LOOK AT EACH OTHER'S WORK Fused Reviews This is one 01 I instances when leading artists with two recently released books find each other's efforts so relevant to their own work that a pair of reviews result - in this case a STEREO pair! Batman 3-D A Review by Arthur Girling halves, hold the record for the Byrne has woven a fantasy incor- longest strip narrative, with the porating a selection of villains 600 foot continuous relief which from past adventures; "The Pen- winds up the column set up by guin", "The Joker", "The Riddler", Emperor Trajan in the 2nd century "Two Face" etc., and of course Bat- AD. These picture stories recorded man, who emerges triumphant in not only the lives of the great and the end. This is followed by the famous, but also the exploits "Highlights in the History of the of the gods and creatures of my- Dark Knightu- eleven very impres- thology. In classic times Hercules sive full page 3-D pictures from was a favorite subject for the pic- Batman history. The last sequence ture sequence and can be regarded in the book is "Robot Robbers" in as the first superhero, successfully which the 3-D effects created in overcoming a variety of evil doers the original 1953 DC production by sheer physical strength and have been reconstructed by Ray quick wits. Batman is carrying on Zone. This is an intriguing piece this great tradition, essentially the of science fiction where Batman same. but ada~tinnto the chann- I and Robin are involved with the

"Batman 3-D" by john Byrne, 3-0 effects atm man-was created by Bob Kane ern 3-D comic strip has mastered by Ray Zone, DC Comics, New York and first appeared in a 1939 issue the fourth dimension - time. 1990. $9.95,80 pages softbound 8x1 0 of Detective Comics. The advent of In the appraisal of any 3-D pre- 3/4 ". 3-D films in 1953 inspired a wide sentation the first question to ask he 3-D comic is one of the interest in the third dimension. is, "does it view comfortably?" In Tmany facets of an art form in During this period the 3-D comic the anaglyph, the basic stereo pair which a narrative of events is giv- appeared, and one of the most must be drawn accurately and the en in a series of pictures. It is as popular was the first Batman book. printer must then combine them old as civilization itself, and we Today the 3-D comic survives in a exactly as required by the 3-D have examples of narrative decora- number of publications sold in artist, using the correct colors. I tion on monuments and artifacts comic shops patronized by a grow- have a large collection of ana- from the earliest times. There is ing number of fans. In view of its glyphs, mostly photographic, and also evidence that the unknown early success, it is not surprising at least 50% are imperfect. The artists produced pictures which that Batman has now returned to main faults are excessive separa- can only be interpreted as carica- entertain a new generation of 3-D tions, faulty alignment and incor- tures ridiculing conventional enthusiasts. rect colors giving rise to "ghost- forms, so the comic strip was there The main content of the book is ing". Fortunately "Batman 3-D" at the very beginning. The "Ego Trip", a 48 page "all-new has been produced by experienced Romans, who never did things by graphic novel" in which John professionals and has none of

STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 these distracting faults. This means that the reader can explore the pictures in detail and fully appreciate the magic of the third dimension. Two artists are involved in the production of the 3-D comic, the 2-D artist who creates the original picture, and the 3-D artist who creates the 3-D effects. The 2-D artist uses a number of devices to achieve a sense of the third dimension in a sequence - spacing the picture features in the perspective, indicating movement into the third dimension, accurate perspective drawing etc. The 3-D artist varies the separations of the features to create 3-D effects and add reality to the third dimension sug- gested by the 2-D artist. Ray Zone does not use a mechanical device or mathematical formulae to determine the separations of the features in the anaglyph. His approach is that of an artist with the ability to think in 3-Dl coordinating hand and mind to bring about the desired result. The stereographer making sequences for projection would find it worth while to study these drawings. The viewpoint and viewing angle vary considerably from picture to picture as does the viewing distance. Close-ups and near silhouettes are used very effectively. Of course the photographer does not have the complete freedom of the artist, but so many projection sequences, including the dreaded travelogue, are all eye level shots - as if taken by a guardsman on parade looking straight ahead. A close study of the anaglyph sequences will give stereographers a fresh outlook Full page drawings from the "Pin-up Gallery" section of BATMAN 3-0. Resides specialty which could influence the compo- comics shops, the book may be found or ordered at many Walden or B. Dalton bookstores. sition of their pictures and bring 8 TM DC Comics Inc. O 1990 All Rights Reserved. much needed variety into the presentation of the sequence. What wealth of fine detail, is difficult to is too small and as a result the we really need is a super tripod analyze but there is no such prob- spectacles cannot rest on the top which can position the camera lem with the line drawing. Ana- of the nose with the filters close to many feet above or below eye lev- glyph drawings which are most the eyes, the ideal position. This el, with a periscopic viewfinder impressive by reason of their 3-D can easily be remedied with a pair which allows the photographer to quality and composition indicate of scissors, but the average reader compose pictures from eye level - the type of picture to look for in cannot be expected to know this. or is this asking too much of our the camera viewfinder, and help to However, I was pleased to see that great technology? create the "seeing eye." for those who wish to preserve the The single slide stereographer I have one minor criticism to book intact, a pair of "generic 3-D seeking the masterpiece for compe- make concerning the pair of 3-D glasses" are available from The 3-D tition or the postal folio can also spectacles included as a cut-out Zone, Box 741 159, Los Angeles, learn a great deal from these ana- from the last page of the book. CA 90004 for $1.OO postpaid. glyphs. The photograph, with its The aperture allowed for the nose

18 STEREO WORLD November/Decernber 1990 Stereoscopic Drawing A ~eviewby Ray Zone

"StereoscopicDrawing - A Theory of 3-D The first section of the book lays are to the point. Under considera- Vision and its Application to Stereoscopic the groundwork for Girling's dif- tion in this chapter are such phe- Drawing" by Arthur Girling, London, ferent practical techniques nomena as pseudostereo, hyper1 1990, $25.00, 100 pages hardbound through the use of stereo pictures hypo, random dot stereograms, 81/2x12". made to demonstrate Wheat- monocular stereo, cardboarding, or decades British Stereographer stone's theories as set forth in two multiplane stereo and "impossible FArthur Girling has been explor- papers to the Royal Society of Lon- figures." ing 3-D drawing and the anaglyph. don. Other systems evolved from Throughout the book are well- This book collects different articles the same basic constructs. Girling drawn schematics illustrating the Girling has published on the sub- provides information to the reader various theories and effects under ject and represents a life's work in on the basic parameters of ana- discussion. In discussing the dy- a very specialized area of stereos- glyphic drawing, including sugges- namics of stereopsis, Girling is set- copy. There is very little that has tions for selection of appropriately ting forth some of the aesthetic been written on the subject of 3-D colored pencils (available with the potential of 3-D drawing and con- drawing. Apart from isolated arti- Phantogram book). In a subse- version. Many stereoscopic tech- cles in various journals the only quent chapter on "Drawing the niques are available in these arenas similar publication that comes to Double Image or Stereo Pair", that would be difficult, if not im- mind is the Phantogram book by Girling addresses means by which possible, to apply to stereophotog- Raymond Nicyper (Graphicraft: a free standing projection drawing raphy proper. These techniques 1979). Girling has elected to pub- may be contrived. He offers tech- exploit the interactive character of lish his own book and it is only niques for creating raised base stereo perception and the mysteri- available from him. Since it is vir- drawings and fabricating images ous realm of the brain and its role tually the only book on the sub- "in the round." in vision. ject, it is automatically a landmark A separate chapter on "Viewing With a series of appendices, in the field. the Stereo Picture" compares the Girling makes succinct observa- Stereoscopic Drawing is a unique various means available to the tions on the theory of the ana- marriage of the theoretical and the stereographer including both glyph along with some nuts-and- pragmatic. In the absence of any cross-eye and parallel freevision, bolts techniques for anaglyphic database on the subject, Girling lenticular and mirror stereoscopes, drawing and fabricating stereo- has been forced to invent tech- anaglyph and an interesting tech- scopes. Last, but certainly not niques for implementing 3-D con- nique of Girling's discovery he least, is a glorious section of ana- version of existing images and calls "short focus" viewing. glyphs printed in the red and "pure" 3-D drawing of geometric In a chapter on special effects green inks standard in Europe. An solids. His practical applications the author considers some of the array of images provide arresting are rigorously grounded in stere- perceptual anomalies that are only proof of Girling's expertise at both oscopy proper as derived from possible with binocular vision. pure 3-D drawing and 3-D conver- writings of Charles Wheatstone Girling is well grounded in the sion. All of the concepts that and Sir David Brewster. psychology of vision and his spec- Girling sets forth in his book are ulations on stereoscopic anomalies dynamically illustrated in the anaglyph section. Red and green lor- gnette "anaglyphoscopes" are provided with each book. Though this book may not be suitable for all stereographers, it should be required reading for those with a deep interest in 3-D comics and 3-D conversion. Set- ting forth as it does some of the fundamental principles of stereoscopic drawing, it fills a void in the bibliography of 3-D. Furthermore, it provides a theoretical grounding for the consideration of what is (after 150 years) still a "new" art form, a medium created expressly L for binocular enjoyment. "Kingfisher" by Arthur Girling appears as an example of "in the round" stereo drawing.I (Continued on page 25)

STEREO WORLD NovernberlDecember 1990 Shaker Stert

esides the well known furni- Bture, there was a Shaker designed stereoscope which, along with photos and stereoviews, will be included in the exhibit "FAC- ING THE CAMERA: 100 Years of Shaker Portraiture." The folding "Pocket Stereoscope" was patented by Brother Nelson

One of the stereos in the exhibit, this image of Elder Daniel Crosman (1810-1885) of the Church Family, Mount Lebanon, NY shows him overlooking the Shaker Community below. The view is part of an 1870s set by O.B. Buell of Pittsfield, MA.

20 STEREO WORLD NovernberlDecernber 1990 D In Exhibit

tradition, construction was mostly Featured are early, rare and pre- of finely crafted wood but the fold- viously unseen images provided by ed viewer is as compact as many Western Reserve Historical Society, The United Society of Shakers, The The exhibit, curated by NSA Shaker Museum of Old Chatham, member Richard Brooker, first NY, Hancock Shaker Village, and opened in 1990 to honor the private collections. bicentennial of Hancock Shaker "FACING THE CAMERA: 100 Village in Pittsfield, MA. The Years of Shaker Portraiture" will be show has been extended at Hancock Shaker Village, 1910 through the 1991 season Barn Gallery, May 1 through Oct. at the 1910 Barn Gal- 31, 1991. Regular hours are 9:30 lery in Hancock am to 5:00 pm. The museum is Village. located at the junction of Routes 20 and 41, five miles west of Pitts- field, MA. ap

Brother Nelson Chase's 1872 folding "Pocket Stereoscope".

L. STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 21 Vew-Master Not ReeZy View-Master ave you ever heard the old H saying "imitation is the sin- cerest form of flattery"? Well, it certainly applies to View-Master. Since it's inception, many companies from around the world have tried to duplicate View-Mas- ter's fine stereo product. Their attempts have been aptly designated "look alikes" by collectors. Most of the View-Master "look alike" reels produced in other countries do not have the same high quality standards which have made View-Master such a success. They tended to use inferior paper stock and many lacked quality film processing techniques. By not using Kodak [Kodachrome] film, many of the reels have turned magenta and the various attempts to achieve a true 3-D image are, for the most part, poor. Many of the efforts Meopta envelope and reels from Czechoslovakia. by these various companies re- sulted in litigation by Sawyers for patent and copyright infringe- the Meopta reels give photo credit ments. to the individual photographer , 1 Since we first began collecting involved. In the beginning they I 1 View-Master reels we have tried produced a viewer in several differ- to obtain as many of these reels ent colors that was a twin to the as possible. So far, we have dis- View-Master Model E and, more covered at least 14 variations. recently, a gray plastic model. I 4 Several of these companies also any of the ~eoptareels depict made stereo equipment to ac- life in the Communist world. On I company their reels. Each manu- reel #22-27, "Moscow at Night", facturer tried to come up with a they show a scene of a Russian sol- different twist while still follow- dier guarding Lenin's tomb. Scene A,, ,+ M~~~~~viewer. ing the View-Master format. seven of the "Banska Bystrica SNP" reel shows a communist Party ral- Meopta ly. However, the Meopta photog- in Czechoslovakia); and what This Czechoslovakian compa- : raphers were not limited to only appears to be the 1967 Czech ny made stereo reels and viewers 1 showing scenes of Rumania, Hun- National Kayaking Team. up until 13 or so years ago. gary, Poland and Russia. Many Meopta was truly interested in Meopta reels are about the best western countries were also pho- 3-D photography and went so far quality of the "look alikes" that tographed, and reels of Miami, as manufacturing two different have been produced. They had a Montreal, London, Sydney and stereo cameras. The Meopta 35 large inventory of reel titles avail- Paris were available. used regular 35mm film and a film able and their photographers Some of the most interesting cutter similar to the View-Master covered the globe shooting vari- Meopta reels I have seen are of the Mark 11, cutting the film on a diag- ous scenic sites and special "Miss Florida Beauty Pageant - onal basis. The Stereo-Mikroma events. Each photographer had a 1967"; "Holiday on Ice"; "XV used 16mm film and was available special technique and most of International Film Festival" (held with two different colors of body

22 STEREO WORLD NovemberIDecember 1990 .\ PARIS

-A,.-

The sculpted styling of an Italian Stereo- Rama viewer. The logo below the eyepieces includes the image of a reel as well as the Stereo-Rama name.

A Bruguiere Stereodisque. Note the lack of a center hole and the large windows with their very rounded comers.

parency 3-D cards. These View- Master format reels lacked a center hole and had images slightly larger than View-Master. In one of their Some Stereobox packaging is similar to the last known catalogs, from the late View-Master blister cards. Other cards, 70s or early 80s, over 400 scenic without a photo, hold reels in slots cut in and children's reel titles were list- the card. Note the very wide horizontal ed. Envelope for Stereo-Rama scenic reels of format and the many extra round holes. San Marino. Tridimensionais Do Brazil Stereobox This was Brazil's attempt at 3-D trim - green or black. The Mikro- reels. Directly copied from the Made by a firm in East Germany, View-Master reel, everything about ma used a more traditional cutter, the reels produced by Stereobox cutting each scene straight across. them is the same except for the look as if someone decided to put actual quality of the photographs Both cameras produced film chips pinholes all around them. The to be mounted in the View-Master and the type of paper stock they reels are not notched at the top used. On some of the reels the format. but include the familiar seven Stereo-Rama square holes around the outer ring This company was located in of the reels. In addition they have Italy. They produced reels mainly 14 outer round holes and 14 inner of Mediterranean countries as well round holes. as their famous "girlie" reels. The Most of the titles produced by Fairy Tale reels made by Stereo- Stereobox are of Teddy Bears in Rama went so far as to include a various "real life" situations. A booklet almost identical to the number of scenic titles have also booklets that accompanied the ear- been produced. This company was ly View-Master "FT" reels. They still producing items until a few also made a lightweight viewer. years ago. They manufactured three different shaped viewers - Stereo Cine round, square and a sort of oblong. This very modishly styled viewer All versions came in a variety of of fairly crude construction is from colors. Italy, and may have been a com- petitor of Stereo-Rama. No reels Bruguiere Stereodisques under this name have yet been Bruguiere Stereodisques were located. made by the old French view company which also produced hun- The Tridimensionais do Brazil card and dreds of different scenic 8-trans- reel.

STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 23 ! @Of zoo s

Except for the Arpa logo, this Spanish viewer is an exact copy of a model C.

film has turned red and the overall The Czech Plastikolor envelope and aluminum reel. 3-D effect on all of the reels is very poor. The View-Master factory put Plastikolor imitation of a VM format reel a stop to the production of these except it, like the Czech Plastikolor reels because it was in direct viola- Another Czechoslovakian company, these reels are made of alu- reel, is aluminum. No label or tion of View-Master's patent and scene titles remain on the one copyrights. minum! They have the double notches at the top and the seven available sample reel. Tele-Visex Alto Relevo square holes around the outer ring. Fortuna This company in Sao Paulo eel titles are affixed to the center Located in Hong Kong, this Brazil made a crude, light-weight, of the reel. There is a center hole, company manufactured round nearly exact copy of a Model C. but the reel titles cover the hole in reels made of plastic. The reels No reels have been located with front. The amazing thing is that work in a standard View-Master this name on them, and the viewer these reels work well in a standard viewer, although they are not may or may not be associated with View-Master viewer, and the pho- notched and the construction of the Tridimensionais Do Brazil tography is quite good. The scenes the reel is a bit rough. Most of the Company. on each reel are numbered 1 reels they produced were done in Arpa Color S.A. through 7 and the individual mono, but a few stereo examples scene descriptions are printed on do exist. The reels depict crudely This reel was manufactured in the back of the reel envelope. Spain. Not much information is drawn cartoon style characters. available on this company. The 3-D Photoscope The company also made a crude quality of the photography and Moussa Pty. Ltd. of Sydney, Aus- plastic viewer. the attempted 3-D effect are abso- tralia made a streamlined black Wonder Master by Jem lutely atrocious on the reel that we plastic viewer modeled closely on This seems to be a cast iron have in our collection. The corre- the View-Master Model C. Quality mock-up for a viewer that may or sponding reel envelope has a rub- seems fair to good. The reel may not have been made, , ber stamp date of Apr. 19, 1957. included with the viewer is a direct although it does contain lenses and a crude advance lever. It is another nearly exact copy of a

LOR POR

1 Arpn envelope and reel. A Fortuna reel from Hang Kong. I

24 STEREO WORLD NovemberIDecember 1990 The Stereomax reflex viewer from Italy, seen with a standard View-Master reel inserted. (View-Master Plant collection)

Model; C. No reels have been From Australia, the Photoscope aluminum reel and a Sight-Seer reel with a drawing of its found bearing this name. reflex viewer on the envelope. (View-Master Plant collection) Stereomax View-Master itself was next to The Italian company Brevettato Sight-Seer This is another Australian viewer impossible to find. Even though attempted to get around View- these companies have not succeed- Master patents by using a reflex- and another reflex viewer! It's a bit bulkier than the Stereomax, at ed and are now mostly out of busi- viewing mirror design. Besides ness, the attempts they made are a being more compact than View- least as shown in the drawing on the reel envelope. Except for the step on the road to continuing Master viewers, this design has the interest in 3-D. Most of the reels advantage of being illuminated titles being printed in red ink, the reels seem similar to View-Master's. we've viewed, although not the from the top, so that viewing is quality of the original View-Master done looking straight ahead - not Others? product, are quite interesting and up into the nearest light fixture. In addition to the "look alikes" depict truly unique locations and Except for reversed images and dif- I mentioned here, rumor has it that subjects. Some of the various reels ferent placement of titles to ac- there is a reel manufactured in and viewers outlined above can commodate the reflex viewing, the Mexico that is of inferior quality. still be found in out of the way reels are similar to View-Master Most of these companies manufac- locations throughout Europe. m reels, which can be viewed in the Stereomax. The well made viewer tured and marketed in areas where is dark blue plastic, with an advance lever at the back and a handy "thumb indentation" on the bottom for easy holding. Fused Reviews: Stereoscopic Drawing (Continued from page 19) cultural and artistic inquiry and 3-D drawing is essentially an art incorporated into college curricula form of rendering. It is a special- as a matter of course. The comput- ized visual communication which er is the newest tool of the 3-D invests parallax into both new and artist, and it has generated a re- old existing imagery. Without a evaluation of stereography in gen- theoretical context for decades, eral. Girling does not address this new art form has been relegat- computers in his book but we are ed to the status of "novelty" or in his debt for filling a vacuum of "gimmick." The complex dynam- discourse in an exotic arena of ics of displaying this art form have 3-D. The Highly styled but crudely made Stereo kept it in cultural backwaters for Stereoscopic Drawing is available Cine viewer from Italy. (View-Master years. Now, with the publication for $25.00 (including postage) Plant collection) of this book, 3-D drawing and con- from Arthur Girling, 13 Gleneagle version can be integrated into the Road, Streatham, London SW16 world of fine art and general aes- 6AY, England. thetics. Phantograrn Perspective Charts is The day is coming when stereog- available from Reel 3-D Enter- raphy will be a legitimate field of prises. m

STEREO WORLD NovemberIDccember 1990 25 The Domain of the Outsider by Dieter Lorenz (From the German journal MI34 fototechnik. Translated by Vance Bass.)

he trend is unmistakable, and Tnot just in this year's photokina: the big names in the photo industry are giving 3-D technology the cold shoulder, at least as far as stereography is concerned. For example, none of them is offering even a stereo camera, never mind a complete stereo system. Even the manufacturers who have suitable equipment in their lines don't mention its possibilities for stereoscopy. Take Reflecta, which offers the silver screen best suited to polarized stereo projection, or Hama, whose adiustable camera bars are well suited to making stereos of stationary objects with a The Image-Tech 30 1000. A prototype appeared in the U.S. as the "Trilogy" in 1989. single camera. A notable exception here is Novoflex, which at Super 2000's by Stereoskopie-Werk- the orientation of the images on a least mentions the stereo possibili- statt Allgau. Both are cameras lenticular screen, so that stereo ties for their slide bar in one sen- which meet high standards. images may be seen without spe- tence in their promotional materi- From the Far East comes still cial glasses. Since the system uses al. Rollei still combines their another new product in which two only two images, the zones in 3003s and 6006s into stereo rigs cameras are combined for stereo which the picture appears to have and still produces their stereo pro- photography: the King Inn 6x6 3- the proper depth are in fact quite jector, but you search for them in D from Su Mond Industrial Corpo- small. The inventor is also plan- vain at photokina. ration, Taiwan. In this one two ning to use the system for taking Nevertheless, there were other, twin-lens reflex cameras are com- and projecting still pictures. mostly small and previously bined side-by-side, with a light The lenticular grid technique unknown manufacturers who have meter installed in place of one of used by Nimslo experienced a specialized in 3-D. RBT Raum- the viewfinders. Of course the rebirth in two different products. bildtechnik is a good example of resultant stereo halves are on dif- Image Tech, a U.S. company one of these. At the last photokina ferent film rolls. A lighted stereo founded by Nimslo designer Allen they first introduced their System slide viewer, special slide mount- Lo, presented their 3-D 1000 cam- Oehmichen stereo projector, a ing frames and a mounting press era, in which the four lenses of the machine which set new standards complete the system. Nimslo were reduced to three. and which is still being built in Carlo Biraghi of Legnano, Italy Whether this camera has any more limited numbers. This year they presented his 16mm movie sys- success in Europe than its prede- added an SLR stereo camera, very tem, probably as a market test. In cessor probably depends chiefly solidly made from two Yashica 108 it, a prismatic attachment in front upon whether there are enough cameras. You can almost think of of the lens of a Bolex movie cam- film labs to develop the lenticular this as a stereo system. In the era puts the two stereo images prints. (See stereo World Nov./Dec. same exhibit there was also a beside each other, rotated head to '89, page 22.) Close by, Photique somewhat simpler stereo SLR, con- head on the film. A similar attach- International, a manufacturer of structed from two Yashica FX3 ment on the projector takes care of advertising materials from Black-

26 STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 iand offeied the step- brother of the Image Tech camera, the Nishika 30D N8000 from Ameri- can 3-D Cor- poration. With four lenses like the Nimslo, but with some weight and volume enhancing placebos Spliced Yashika SLRs. like the simulated pentaprism and winder, these cameras are sold in Every rule has its exception, manufacturer, only the future will the U.S. (and apparently else- though: there was in fact one "big tell. where) via a pyramid sales system name" which had something to In the European movie and rather than in photo stores. offer in 3-D. Vivitar presented for video department, there is next to The remainder of the stereo the first time in Cologne a lens in nothing happening in stereoscopy. scene altered little. Pentax still which the depth effect is produced ISCO has developed two new wide- makes a beam-splitter and viewer, by a characteristic which stereogra- angle stereo lenses - 25mm and as does Franka of Taiwan. Stitz, on phers usually try to avoid; namely 30mm - for professional movie the other hand, seems to have that large apertures produce out- projectors, but they are not des- finally discontinued their stereo of-focus foregrounds and back- tined for Europe (where they could line for good. Doerr, their repre- grounds. In David Burder's patent- be widely available if there were sentative in Germany, is selling ed invention, the construction of demand for them), but for Korea! their leftover stock. Kindermann, the lens is such that the images of Arri simply left its 3-D attachment in cooperation with Stereo-Optik objects in front of and behind the for the 35mm Arriflex back in Renate Grosch, still carries stereo main subject are colored red and Munich; there was no trace of it in projectors, as well as a four-projec- blue at their (fuzzy) edges, while Cologne. tor rig for stereo fades. Bonum the object in focus retains its natu- On the video front, Ikegami continues their well-known line of ral colors. The distant objects thus Tsushinki of Tokyo presented a twin 2x2 stereo mounting masks show a blue border on the left and new 3-D video system consisting without change. Likewise, stereo a red border on the right; nearby of a 3-D CCD color camera with items from EM0 such as stereo objects are colored the other way zoom lens, a 3-D color monitor viewers and stereo slide bars have around. and a 3-D video projector. The changed little. The long-awaited When the picture is viewed with recording and playback of the FED stereo camera from the USSR anaglyph glasses, you see at least stereo half-images is done sequen- is still not being officially export- three depth zones: the (out-of- tially at such a high frequency ed, "due to the economic crisis" as focus) foreground, the (equally (120 times a second) that the eye is they explained at the Promexport out-of-focus) background and the no longer aware of flicker. Toshiba exhibit. At the same time a single sharply focused subject in between still doesn't know if and when its FED was on sale a Cologne photo them. The subject, of course, does stereo camcorder, already available exchange, although at price defi- not appear three-dimensional in the USA and Japan for the ama- nitely for collectors only. unless its depth is great enough teur market, will be on the market that it stretches past the zone of in Europe. focus. The previously developed pho- The Vivitar Q-DOS (Quantum togrammetric cameras are becom- Duplex Optical System) can be ing more numerous. They are built into any type of lens system available most notably from Rollei, and it can also be disabled if as well as Hasselblad, Wild Leitz desired. You can use it with ordi- and recently from Linhof, too. nary color film as well as with Linhof's new development is the video systems. Naturally you can't Metrica, a descendent of the Aero- compare the results of this process Technica. Of course this path to an actual color stereograph, but leads to a (non-stereoscopic) multi- at least it seems to be quite simple ple image technique, and it is the to operate. Whether the market exception rather than the rule that will accept it and thereby satisfy they are used for stereometric Ikegami 3-0 video camera LK-33. the enthusiastic expectations of its images.

STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 27 For holography, the photokina is Ikegami Electronics (Europe) Stereo-Optik Renate Grosch, apparently not considered a mar- GmbH, Ikegami StraBe 1, D- Mainstrafie 13, D-6057 Diet- ket either. The only holograms 4040 Neuss l Germany. zenbachlsteinberg, Germany. were several from the USSR, sent Image Tech International Stereoskopie-WerkstattAllgau, again this year by the Optical Inc.,5 172 Indian Trail Industri- Franz und Hermann Miller, Institute of Leningrad. The sub- al Parkway, Suite GI Norcross, Strohlerweg 5, D-7970 jects this time, by the way, were GA 30071. Leutkirch, Germany. significantly less ideology-laden than those from two years ago. H. Lindemanns Fotobuchhand- Su Mond Industrial Corpora- With its new holography film lung und Verlag, NadlersrtaBe tion, PO Box 78-93, Taipei, Holtec R and the accompanying 10, Postfach 10 30 51, D-7000 Taiwan. m developer and bleach bath, Ilford Stuttgart 1 Germany. presented a complete set which is quite suited for the amateur. It is also finding its way into schools via Ilford-sponsored continuing education classes for teachers. Two different new "literary" arrivals in the area of stereoscopy ARCHIVAL SLEEVES: clear 2.5 mil Polv~ro~vlene CDV 3%' x 4S/s per 100: $7 case of 1000: $60 premiered in Cologne: a brochure CDV b0LYESTJR (>mil) per 100: $10 case of 1000: $90 from 3-D Foto World by Swiss POSTCARD (3'14' X 5'143 per 100: $8 case of 1000: $70 4-x5' per 100: $8 case of 1000: $ 70 mineral collector and stereogra- STEREO 3 %' x 7 per 100: $9 case of 1000: $80 pher Ernst M. Kuenzler on "Stereo STEREO ~OLVES?ER per 100: 2-mil $12 or 3-rn~l $16 CABINET (4 '/a' x 73 per 100: $1 0 case of 1000: $90 Close-up and Macro Photography" S"x7" per 50: $7 case of 200: $25 BOUDOIR (5'1,' x B'h3 per 25: $6 case of 500: $80 ("Stereo-Nah- und Makro-Fotogra- 8" x 10" per 25: $ 8 case of 200: $40 phie"), and one by Leo H. 11" x 14" per 10: $8 case of 100: $45 Braeutigam under the title "35mm 16" x 20" (unsealed flap) per 10: $20 case of 100: $ 99 Stereo Photography" ("Die Klein- Russoll Norton, PO Ex 1070, Now Haven, Ct 06504-1070 bild Stereo Fotographie"), an intro- US SHIPPING: $4 per order. Institutional Billing. (1991) duction to the fundamentals of stereoscopy published by Posei- don-Verlag and distributed by Lin- demanns Fotobuchhandlung pho- to book store. Two exhibitors already mentioned elsewhere should be noted again as a closing comment. These mail-order businesses try to make available,from a single source, meager and widely scattered products to the practitioner of 3-D photography: 3-D Foto World from Basel, Switzerland and Stereo- Optik Renate Grosch from Diet- zenbach, Germany. Both take pains not only to offer the widest possible range of products, but also to publicize 3-D photography. 3-D Foto World, however, wants to get more into the advertising end of the stereo market and sees their product line for amateurs more as a public service. Equipment Sources . FITS REALIST BATTERY VIEWERS PUTS SLIDES AT YOUR FINGERTIPS Carlo Biraghi, Corso Garibaldi, . KEEPS SLIDES IN SEOUENCE 237,I-20025 Legnano (MI) . LIGHT WEIGHT -STUDY METAL CONSTRUCTION . ATTRACTIVE BLACK ANODIZED FINISH Italy. ACCEPTS KODAK AN0 OTHER SLIDE BOXES 3-D Foto-World, Warten- . MATCHING THUMB-SCREW bergstraBe 39, CH-4020 Basel, Switzerland. Brackett Englneorlng EMO-Optik, Hornsheimer Eck P.O. BOX 493 E. Sandwich. MA 02537 11, Postfach 1469, D-6330 Wetzlar, Germany

28 ST.RF.0 WORLD NovemberIDecember 1990 i - A 3-D Opening for Canadian Stereo Collection

he 250 people attending the Topening of the Canadian Stereoscopic Collection at Sheri- dan College in Oakville, Ontario were given no chance to doubt the 3-D orientation of the new library when two identical hobo characters leapt from a life-sized stereo card into the formal ceremonies. Miming in unison, they gave flow- ers to Mary Hofstetter, President of Sheridan College, and Maureen Patz, Vice President of the Photo- graphic Historical Society of Cana- da. ~h~ october 17 event formalized Stereo hardware and sofhvare exhibit at the opening of the Canadian Stereoscopic Collection, the opening of the 3rd stereoscop- Sheridan College, Oct. 17, 1990. (Fisheye stereo by Stan White.) ic research library in the world, following in the footsteps of the NSA collection, its major thrust will be ing. It will not be an image library sponsored Holmes Library in in the area of books, documents per se, though images will be Pennsylvania and Europe's similar and all literature relating to any stocked if they are an integral part library in Cologne. As a research aspect of three dimensional imag- of the 3-D information. Concurrent with the formalities was an exhibition of 3-D hardware and software staged by members of the Photographic Historical Soci- ety of Canada. The grand finale was the showing of Ron Labbe's stereo extravaganza "Space Shots" presented by Ron in person. The Canadian Stereoscopic Library is housed in the Sheridan College library on Trafalger Road in Oakville, Ontario. It is support- ed by the Photographic Historical Societv of Canada, who nave an

Stan White, Coordinator of the C.S.C. flanked by Wayne McAuley and Dwayne Adams, Stu- member andC.s.c- coordinator dents of the Shendan College Theater and Music Program, dressed as hobos for the giant stereo stan white, 473 Grand Blvd., Oak- card at the new library's formal opening. (Stereo by Bob Lansdale.) ville, Ont. L6H 1P2, Canada. m

STEREO WORLD Novernber/Decernber 1990 29 Stereo Tintvpes by Robert G. Wilson d .I.

illiam Darrah, in The World Wof Stereographs, says that "The ferrotype is the rarest form of stereograph" and "only a few stereo ferrotypes were produced". While stereo ferrotypes, or tintypes, are not found very often, there were likely many more stereo tintypes actually taken than most collectors realize. While very few photographers actually set out to make stereo tintypes, portrait photographers likely produced many when they were taking carte-de- visite size portraits using the tintype process and a multi-lens camera.

Fig. 4. Two tintypes from a single plate by 1.1. Greene of Lawrence, MA. Aligned side-by-side in their thin paper frames, the pair can be fused into stereo.

Anthony's No. 41 Multiplying camera, also known as the Climax Ferrotype Cam- era, was one of many models available from the mid 1850s into the 1900s. Lens boards and backs were available in various sizes and combinations so that different cameras could expose 4, 8, 9, or 16 images on a plate.

Unfortunately for the stereo collector, the resulting images were cut apart and usually given to different people. However, by care- fully examining tintype portraits in carte-de-visite albums, I have located several stereo tintypes. And on one occasion, I found all four images that would have been made with a four lens camera. Fig. 2. Upper pair of images transposed for viewing.

30 STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 The original four-image tintype would have appeared as in figure 1, before cutting. It contains two conventional stereo views, with the two upper images forming one pair, and the two lower images forming the second. Of course, when viewed in this uncut form the pairs are pseudo. A proper stereograph results when the two upper images are cut and reversed (transposed) as in figure 2. As you would expect, if you view the upper and lower right-side images there is no stereo effect since there was no horizontal separation between the lenses taking these images. However, if you lay these same two right-side images end-to-end (figure 3) you again see the depth, since these two images, from this point of view, were taken from different angles. I have seen a number of stereo images of this type. As is the case with most tintypes, the photographer for most of these stereographs is not identified. However, in one case, the two images were in the paper framing mats of J.J. Greene (figure 4). Greene was not listed as a stereo photographer by Darrah, and so this tintype portrait may well be the only stereograph that will be credited to Greene, even though he did not set out to produce a stereo image. m

Fig. 3. Stereo pair formed from the two right-side images, placed on their sides and transposed. 3-0 effect is Fig. I. Original 5x7" tintype plate as it would have appeared before cutting. Upper images and more evident here, due to the greater lower images produce two un-transposed pairs. separation between upper and lower lenses than between right and left lpnw~

STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 31 find it interesting to follow the sible for the results, good or bad. zero interest in the landscapes and Ifads which have dominated the Pictures of weed patches and weed patches which were labored subject matter that stereographers gnarled trees abounded along with over so diligently. have turned their cameras toward landscapes with strong fore- One would think that stereo over the years. As in all of photog- grounds for stereo effect. But most portraiture would always be popu- raphy, stereography is heavily landscapes suffer horribly from the lar but interestingly enough, it is affected by the current state of loss of color and this was an inher- fairly scarce in the form of proper equipment and technology and ent handicap. Stereo scenes also formal settings. Amateur photog- natural desire to push them the need great depth of field and this raphers generally consider posed limits of the possible. Since the further placed a burden on the portraits difficult , and shy away beginning of course, everything slow emulsions which only record- from them. Professional stereogra- feasible has been tried again and ed blue light. So people pictures or phers had virtually lost interest in again. But there always seem to be action shots were not highly proper stereo portraits prior to favored subjects or treatments of regarded and only occasionally 1880, judging from the few that subiects that create a sort of ortho- done well. Street scenes were not survive. doxy at any given time. And, like overly popular. Manmade Color Transparencies "improvements" on nature usually all fads, they come into fashion When color transparency film and go out of style, as a song once received a share of snide comments which discouraged the view and the Realist camera came along, said. This effect has certainly been landscape stereography took a observable over the years in the makers from including them. Automobiles were anathema, and renewed lease on life. Never had it Stereographic Society folios and been done so well before; and it has reflected the rambling interests when they intruded into a landscape, as likely as not apologies has remained high on the Society of amateur stereography. popularity list ever since. The For much of this century Society were tendered - but some criticism was assured. It is ironic that potential subjects for spectacular members made black and white 3-D scenes seem inexhaustible. prints of fairly static subject mat- current collectors prize the street scenes and old autos but have near And faster film speeds and ad- ter. The films (or plates) were slow, vances in equipment and technol- and this limited the choice of subjects very much. A lot of emphasis was placed on superior print quali- HYPERSTEREO - Keystone #28375T "The Church of St. Clement Danes, the Strand, Lon- ty, and since just about everyone don, England." (Where the Strand meets Fleet Street.) This nearly perfectly handled did his or her own darkroom work, hyper shows the 1682 Sir Christopher Wren edifice to good advantage using stereo. One they were therefore totally respon- estimates a camera separation of 10 - 12' was used. The church survived the WW2 blitz and remains a landmark. HYPOSTEREO - The head of a small beetle (about Zmm overall length) seen here magni- open in this new dimension. Even fied 100 diameters by the scanning electron microscope illustrates the use of hypostereo to now we have only explored it in a see the microscopic world in 3-0. The beetle was one of many found infesting a supply of superficial manner and haven't oatmeal. The subject was rotated 2.5" between stereo halves. (SEM stereo by Norman B. been at it seriously for very long. Patterson.) But it currently has the interest of a lot of people and is a frequently ogy have made people pictures to miniaturize the scene in our occurring theme in the Society and action shots much more feasi- minds ... as if we, like Guliver, were folios. Earlier experimenters were ble even under adverse conditions. giants among the little people. hampered by available equipment The world is more open to stereog- When properly done it can be and technology but still on occa- raphers than we could have imag- spectacular and give new insight sion had impressive results. Now ined when we lugged heavy cam- into the world we see. the best stereo views we see from eras in search of a stereographic Hypostereo these efforts are truly astounding weed patch. and many more stereophiles are But, if there is one thing that Hypostereo results when the trying their hands at hyper- and has come to the front in recent stereo base is less than normal eye hypostereo. years it is the full realization that separation. It allows us to enter the entire range of stereo bases is the world of the microscopic and Society Membership available, and we are not bound see it in apparently proper perspec- If you make stereoviews and to see the world from the standard tive ... for example as we would think you might enjoy sharing distance between our eyes. Our expect a flower to look if we were them in the Society folios, please eyes can be any distance apart, and the size of a bee. contact the Corresponding Secre- the proper separation really Since the stereo base theoretical- tary; Jack E. Cavender, 1677 depends on what we wish to look ly could be anything from zero to Dorsey Avenue, Suite C, East Point, at in stereo. We can fit the one to infinity, the entire universe lies GA 30344. m the other and see a universe denied to most of the people who have ever lived. This isn't new in the 150 year old age of photography, but there were never so many people experimenting nor such Stereo World Index exotic equipment to aid in the effort. Needs You Hyperstereo here has not been a general well, 4201 Nagle Rd., Bryan, TX Hyperstereo results when the Tindex of Stereo World produced 77801. It would be easiest if the stereo base, the distance between since 1982, which included issues indexing were done on computer, the two exposures, is greater than through Vol. 8. The NSA is seek- but this is not required; assistance normal eye separation. It extends ing help to bring the index up to is available to convert written in- the stereo effect farther out into date for the last 8 years. Volun- dexing into computer format. m the picture and subjectively tends teers should contact T. K. Tread-

STEREO WORLD NovemberlDccember 1990 I I lmaglc I Past A Review by John Dennis

he latest effort at a compact While not extensive, the text most important suppliers of albu- Tillustrated history of stereogra- goes beyond the usual historical men paper, a firm in Dresden, Ger- phy comes to us again from 3-D Book Productions in The Nether- lands. "3D imagics - A Stereoscop- often overlooked details as the One reel is devoted to stereo- ic Guide to the 3D Past and its probability that paper calotypes, scopes of a variety of types and Magic Images 1838-1900" by supplied by Talbot and Collen to ages. While many of the expected Dutch stereo photographer, collec- Wheatstone were the first stereo polished wood and elegant inlaid tor and author Wim van Keulen photos - followed closely by the viewers are included, so are some follows by four years his much first Daguerreotype pairs; or the folding models, which seldom are shorter work, "3-D Past and Pre- fact that Wheatstone had also so well illustrated in historical or sent" by the same publisher. This 78 page history is well illustrated with black & white stereographs and line drawings of early equipment, but its key visual mes- Shown in both the reel and the sage is found on the 12 View-Mas- ter reels inserted in the front and view format and the influence of ror Stereoscope. The mirrored base back covers the book. The repro- that decision on all stereoscope helped illuminate the page, while duction quality of the earliest designs. Among the gems of the frosted glass septum mini- stereo drawings, Daguerreotypes, glass positives and paper prints surpasses what I have seen in most the combination of the knob at the side books or magazines. Despite their on negative with the ne moved the lens small size, the images on these board for focusing reels preserve the sharp mirror bril- and the achromat lens- liance of the Daguerreotypes, the es could be adjusted to subtle-to blatant color range of compensate for height tinted views, and the almost bet- errors between left and ter-than-life glowing clarity of the right images. At least glass views. Two entire reels are 2,500 of these are said devoted to tissues, which can only to have been produced be reproduced with any real justice - enough for every NSA in transparencies like these. The transmitted colors of the tinted backing paper come through with the same sort of saturation as in the originals and the pierced highlights appear as actual light sources instead of just the tiny white spots seen in attempts to reproduce tissues on the printed page.

34 STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 I 3-0 imagics is in no sense a com- prehensive history of any aspect of stereography, yet it is the most 3-D TV IS HERE! informative recent work available on the evolution of stereoscopic art and technology through the GET HIGH DEFINITION QUALITY 19th century, especially in Europe. Any truly complete history of FROM YOUR HOME TV! stereo imaging would have to be a synthesis of both books by Wim MOM12001 van Keulen, both Darrah books, the John Jones book, Amazing 3-0, Fantastic 3-0, and any number of HOME 3.D THEATRE' more specialized works, as well as STEREOVISORTM various articles from Stereo World. It would require a publisher ready TO CAPTURE THE MAGIC OF 3-DON to gamble thousands on a large YOUR HOMETV, you will need a 3-D TV format, 2 inch thick coffee-table StereoVisorTM,and a Model 2001 StereoDriverTM. Plug the StereoVisor, production including a viewing power supply and the video out from device. your VCR into the StereoDriver. Put Wim van Keulen's real genius is your 3-D videotape in the VCR, turn in selecting and copying some of down the lights and enjoy fantastic 3-D! the most fascinating stereo images Each StereoDriver can be used with four or more pairs of StereoVisors by using stereo of the past onto color film for the mini plug splitters. VIDEOTAPE View-Master format. The result, as the blurb on the back of the book STEREODR~P says, is "...a 3-D excursion into the SCIENCE FICTION visual reality of the 19th century." Cot Women of the Moon (1953) (G) Unfortunately, the 12 reels com- The Zoo (1 966) (PG) Stereo extension cord @ $1 4.95 prising this delightful excursion Hideous Mutant (1 976)(PG) Stereo Mini Plug Splitter @ $3.95 also contribute to the book's rela- WESTERN 3D for the 2 1 st Century (40 pages) @ $5 tively high price. Oudow Territory (1 953)(G) Professional Products Brochure (Info. on The 8 314" square hardbound ADVENTURE Stereo Camera Switcher, Stereo Camera lens, Stereo Video Projection, Wirehs book is available for $59.00 (post- Rising Sun (1 973)(PG) Stereovisor) FREE paid) from 3-D Book Productions, ADULTS 3-D TV T-shirt (Colorfvl3-DN logo w/ PO Box 19,9530 AA Borger, First Kisses (1972)(R) collage of classic 3-0movies posters) Netherlands. Payment may be by Howaiion Fantasy (1976)(R) Spec;& Sizes [Men's only), S, M, I,or international money order, check, Political P~easures(1 975)(R) Xl). $20.00 or U.S. currency. m The Stewardesses (1969)(R) VHS Topes @ $49.95 Criminals (1973)(R) BETA @ $59.95 Sexcalibur (1982)(XXX) 8MM @ $59.95 Chombennoids (1972)(R) Super VHS Stereo @ $69.95 MISCELLANEOUS SUBTOTAL The World of 3D (1989)(G) $49.95 Soles Tox (7% in CA only) 170 Arizona 3DTeoserVol. 1 (PG) $29.95 (Clips Postage ($6 / 3D Theotre; $1 0 / 3D from 3D movies) Theatre for 2, $2 per tape or accessory Views Bill and Coo (1947)(G) - the all-bird item). classic "Solidized" $29.95 COD - cash or money orders. he exhibit "Territorial Arizona Sam Space (1954) (G) Animated, AUOW 6 WEEKS FOR PERSONAL CHECKS TO CLEAR Tin 3-D" by Stereo World contrib- 10 minutes, $1 9.95 -TOTAL AMT. ENCLOSED 3-0Computer Graphics (1990) 20 min. utor Jeremy Rowe is again open, U"fC""J"ad~twe are currently unable to accept through June 30, 1991. The exhi- video games-super-computers! $1 9.95 credit cord purchases. bition includes 170 original stereo- TRAILERS 2D Trailers for 3D Movies - 22 rore Nome (print) graphs of territorial Arizona and trailers (50 minutes) (PG) $39.95 associated cameras, viewers, and "Solidized" 2D Trailers for 3D Movies Sheet ephemera and can be seen at the (50 minutes) (PG) $39.95 City State Z~Q Sharlot Hall Museum, 415 Gurley NEW TITLES AVAILABLE SOON! St., Prescott, AZ. Those attending Phone () the NSA Convention in San Anto- CHECK LIST I om over 21 (sign) nio, June 21-23, may wish to Home 3-D Theatre @ $1 89.95 include the Arizona exhibit as part -(1 StereoDriver, 1 stereovisor, 1 Mpie) ~~AWAVAlIIMISUB~F~~Rn*OUTNOnE of their southwest vacation Home 3-D Theatre for 2 @ $269.95 plans. m (1 StereoDriver, 2 StereoVisors, 2 Movies) 39D TV CORPORATION StereoVisor @ $49.95 Box 13059 San Rafael, CA 94913-3059 StereoDriver @ $149.95 415/479/3516 FAX:415/479/3316

STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 I HASSLE-FREE 3-D WITH THE TECO-NIMSLO ~ethoikFormed CAMERA AND 3-VIEWER he Regional Photographic His- The group circulates a directory Use the lightweight auto-exposure Ttory Group is a newly formed, of its now 40 plus membership camera to make: informal network of archivists, his- and will issue occasional newslet- 36 slide pairs torians, curators, and collectors ters. A second meeting will be Close-ups at 3 distances interested in compiling, docu- held in the Fall of 1991. Those Lenticular prints menting, and sharing the history interested in joining the group Use the Universal viewer to display: of photography in its various should contact Dr. Ron Polito, Realist rollfilm aspects and geographic regions. Department of Art, University of NimslolNishika rolls Over 30 people attended the first Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, Mounted slide pairs meeting in October, 1990. Partici- MA 02125. Include 754 U.S. PRICES: pants discussed topics of mutual postage to help cover mailing New camera $145 concern - including a formal net- expenses. m YourNimslo modified 63 work for sharing information, Close-up attach's approaches to research, data man- 6", 12",30"dist's(ea) 29 agement, and publication opportu- Illum.cutter 18 Eveready case 12 nities. Teco 3-Viewer 87

Add $3 shipping per order Calif. residents add 61h % sales tax New NSA Directory MFD. BY: I TECHNICAL ENTERPRISES 1401 Bonnie Doone Glows in Dark Corona Del Mar, CA 92625 ell maybe not quite, but the Larry Hess of Granger, IN Tel. 71 4-644-9500 Wrecently mailed 1991 Mem- deserves the gratitude of all NSA bership Directory is getting glow- members for his work computerizing praise from all directions. As ing and preparing the new directo- in earlier directories, it is again ry. It contains a wealth of infor- possible to locate members in the mation about the organization and WANTED: back of the book by state or coun- the specialized interests of its try. An added feature in this edi- growing membership worldwide. tion is a map showing the number If you have not yet received your STEREO CARDS of members in each state. Below directory, contact John Weiler, & the map, a chart repeats totals for National Stereoscopic Association, PO GLASS each state from the 2,807 listings Box 14801, Columbus, OH 43214. m SLIDES in the U.S. and gives the totals by country from the 252 listings in 28 of other countries. Mines, Miners, \@a&STEREO \ Mining €3 Equipment, / I Camera & Viewer Repair I Camera & Viewer Repair & Mining Towns John W. Coons 1127 Adams St. Ron Zakowski Ron Zakowski Denver, CO 80206 133 E. Liberty St., Berlin, WI 54923 133 E. Liberty St., Berlin, WI 54923 303-399-5176 (eves .) \ (414) 361-2524 after 5 pm J

36 STFRFO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 i EIGHTH ANNUAL SPRING On Beyond D.C. Antique nyone knowing of stereo pho- Photo Show Atographers not listed in Dar- rah's "World of Stereographs" is "The #1 Antique Photo Image Show in the USA" invited to send in information on 60 tables of stereoviews, CDVs, that person (or publisher). The Daguerreotypes, photographs, etc. goal is a grand listing of all known stereo photographers, world-wide, consolidating the data compiled %4* by Dr. Darrah, T.K. Treadwell and ,%@" any NSA members who can help. Especially sought are names of +O photographers whose work may not have been distributed beyond local markets or who produced 24 March 1991 very few stereographs. 10 AM - 5 PM; Public Admission $5 The check-list will be issued sometime in 1991 as an NSA publi- Rosslyn Westpark Hotel, 1900 N. Ft. Myer Dr. cation. Contributors will be Arlington, VA: Rosslyn Ballroom acknowledged in it, and will "At the Key Bridge opposite Georgetown" receive a free copy of the section of Preview admission 8:30 AM $20 interest to them. Send any names or suggestions to T.K. Treadwell, Fall show: 6 October 4201 Nagle Rd., Bryan TX 77801. m Managed by Russell Norton, PO Bx 1070, New Haven, CT 06504 / (203) 562-7800

The National Stereoscopic Association vresents NSA 1881 NSA 1001

San Antodo, Tx. .h~21-29 1991 National Convention and nade Fair June 21-23,1991

STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 37 2 EKTAGRAPHIC Ill E projectors w~th NEW: View your 3-D slides and photos on SIR DAVID BREWSTER'S "The Stereo- match~ngEktanar (Kodak) 112.8 4" lenses. your home TV & VCR. K-Grafx will transfer scope, Its History, Theory and Construc- Great prlce for someone who wants to try your 3-D stereo pair photos or slides (any tion", 1856, original signature by the 2x2 stereo..$300 plus sh~ppingfor both. format) to a Field-Sequential video tape. author inscribed to his daughter Catherine Ron Labbe, 15 Anson St., Boston, MA Prices start at $25 for VHS (SVHS, VHS- Brewster for helping with the book. 01 230.161 7) 524-8154. C, 8 & Hi8 $35) base plus $.75 per 3-D Signed at St. Leonards College, England. stereo view. A stereo Decoder Box ($150) Totally complete throughout. Rarest in his- 3-D BATHING BEAUTIES. Sample and 1 + pair of LCD 3-D glasses ($50 tory of stereoscopy. Mint condition, $1150. slidelbrochure only $2. - refundable on each) are needed for viewing (available Dr. Arthur Fielder. 1815 West 213th St.. next order (we're positive you'll order from K-Grafx). (The Toshiba 3-D glasses Suite 130, Torrance, CA 90501, (213) 328- again!). Complete set of six $8.95 or send and decoder are compatible). (RedIBlue 1950. Must sell, leaving country. LSASE for free brochure! 3-D Dreams, video also available). We also produce Box 1441. Orem. UT 84059-1441. Stereo Video Graphics AnimationsISlides. STEREO NUDE SLIDES from the 1950's: For more information call or write: K-Grafx, Color $3., BMI $1.50; Stereo Nudes 1840- AlREQUlPT STEREO THEATER, ACIDC, 1940 (book) $43.; Pairs of 2 114 "x 2 114" no magazine, AC cord with variable con- 29730 Oak Run Rd., Oak Run, CA 96069. (916) 472-3048. slide projectors for larger-format stereo, trol, Exc. $142.50; Rotovuer with 60 slide newtboxed, $190; also (as available) pro- carrier, ACIDC, no powerpack, Exc. NORD STEREO PROJECTOR with instruc- jectors, cameras, viewers, supplies, etc. $195.50; BAlA - three carrier, carry case, tions E+ $240. Kodak Stereo Camera with Call David at (617) 254-1565, evenings Exc. $42.50, $5 shipping ea. item. case E+ $95. Plus UPS. Lou Feldman, (Boston). Samuel Engler, 45-34 216th St., Bayside, (708) 965-6424, 7418 W. Davis St., Mor- NY 11361. ton Grove, IL 60053. STEREO PHOTOGRAPHY by state or sub- - ject: Aviation, Automotive, Blacks, Cana- CAMERAS, VIEWERS, MOUNTING sup- POSTCARDS AND STEREOSCOPIC da, Cities, Expositions, Entertainment, plies. SASE for list. Harry Richards, 434 CARDS sent by mail order. I have several Indians, Military, Occupations, Organiza- S. 70th St. Milwaukee. WI 53214. (414) thousand stereoscopic cards and over tions, Postal, Sports, Transportation, 476-3372. Towns, Western and World by country. - - 100,000 postcards, both views and topics. Macdonald's Historic Collection, PO Box EXCEPTIONALLY HOT amateur models Send me your want list. Rich Spedding, 56137, Portland OR 97238-6371. pose in Realist format 3-D XXX slides. I 22 Tanglewood Rd., Sterling, MA 01 564. have shot over 40 different models in the Q-VU simplify mounting print stereo views. STEREO REALIST, f13.5, 11150: $125; 3-D past two years. Sample set of 8 different Sample kit $5, includes mounted view. Star Maps, 96pp: $15.95; Revere Stereo & list only $25 postpaid or $5 for one. Len AntiquelModlX Styles in Black or Grey 33, fl3.5, 11200, case, cleaned: $200; Rapoport, c/o MTI Group, 300 Highway 34 $371100 ppd. Q-VU, 817 East 8th, McKay, 3 Dimensional Photography, 1951: -Ste. 12. Aberdeen. NJ 07747. $45; "Star" lighted viewer, in box: $44. Art - - Holtville, CA 92250. Farner, #101, 1961 Center, Salem OR GREAT SCENICS National Parks, Light- - REAL PHOTO POSTCARDS - Many differ- 97301. houses, Covered Bridges, and more by ent types available including high-quality stereo-photographer Ron Gustafson. Americana. Write for our approval request STEREO VIEWER LENSES - Two wedge- Send SASE for free catalog or send $5 for form or send $5 for our next postcard cata- shaped lenses, each molded and embod- sample Realist format color slide and catalog. Postcards International, PO Box 2030, ied in 1 112" square frame. Precision opti- log. Ron Gustafson, 2307 SE 8th Dr., New Haven, CT 06515. cal quality; build, experiment. $7.95 post- Renton, WA 98055. paid (USA). Taylor-Merchant Corp., 212 REALIST "Realorama" Viewer for flat 2x2 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001. HOT OFF THE PRESS AGAIN - My 2nd slides, Exc, $12; "Commercial Applications Anaglyph comic book is Cherry #11 from of the Stereo Realist" brochure, Exc.-, $5; VIEW-MASTER AND TRU-VUE Collector's Last Gasp, a funny, very adult sexcomic. ST-21-1 Heat-seal slide masks (distant), Association, beginning January 1991! For $4 ppdlautographed by Roger May, PO box of 50, $3 (several available); Sawyer's complete details, send a large SASE to: Box 1271, Grass Valley, CA 95945. View-Master Model 3 Transformer, for use V.T.C.A., PO Box 47891, Minneapolis, MN 55447. LAS VEGAS IN 3-D BOOK. Includes 24 with light attachment for model "C" viewer, stereo anaglyph views and 3-D glasses. Exc.+, $7.50; Realist-format slide folders for use over aluminum masks. Easy-to- VIEW-MASTER flash attachments Send $7.50 to: Owen Phairis, Box 3400, redesigned to act as a converter for elec- Big Bear Lake, CA 92315. write-on plain white cardboard provides stiff outer protection for your slides. 50 for tronic flash. Satisfaction guaranteed. $3.75, 100 for $7. Please add UPS. Mark Send old VM flash and $42 to Thomas J. As part of their membership, NSA members Willke, 200 SW 89th Ave., Portland, OR Allman, 6 Trowbridge Street, Newton, MA are offered free ace of classified advertising. 97225. 02159. Memllers may use 100 words per year, divid- ed into three ads with a maximum of 35 SHEER FANTASY. Freelance Models Pho- VIEW-MASTER from United States and words per ad. Additional words and addi- tographers Exchange. Boudoir, Nude fig- Europe. 1991 Catalog $1. Disney, Show- tional ads may be inserted at the rate of 20~ ure photography. Articles, photos, 3-D, time, Religious, Special Subjects, U>S> per word. Please incl~rdepayments with ads. much more! Published monthly. $20 and foreign Travel. Many discontinued We cannot provide billings. Deadline is the yearly subscription. Free Print in every packets still available. Worldwide Slides, first day of the month preceding publication issue. Snap Shoppe, 1871 SW 37th Ter- 7427-NSA Washburn Avenue South, Min- date. Send ads to the National Stereoscopic race, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33312. neapolis, MN 55423. Association, P.O. Box 14801, Columbus, VIEW-MASTER Stereomatic 500 projector. OH 4321 4, or call (41 9) 927, 2930. A rate $250. Art Farner, #101, 1961 Center, sheet for display ads is available upon Salem OR 97301. request. (Please send SASE BLACK VIEWS, and 1500 other selected COMPCO TRIAD STEREO PROJEC- J.B. SILVIS. Information wanted on h~sl~fe stereo views in stock. Will trade only for TORS, stereo carriers, cases, mono carri- and career, especially 1859 to 1870. Also Maine flat mount views - any subject or ers. Also want TDC and any other 35mm his photographs, stereos or CDVs, of condition. Write or call for details: Blaine stereo projectors, carriers, viewers, cam- copies of same. Barry Swackhamer, 135 E. Bryant, 864 Bridgton Road, Westbrook, eras, lenscaps, filters, cases, slides, Destry Ct., San Jose, CA 95136. ME 04092, (207) 854-4470. mounting and other accessories and supplies, etc. View-Master too! David, 32 L. HENSEL VIEWS of New York and Penn- "PLASTICHE WELTBILDER" No. 2 and 9. Colwell Avenue, Brighton, M~ 02135, sylvania. Also AlaskaIKlondike views. Berlin, 1903, large albums with 15 ana- (617) 254-1 565. Anything old Alaska. Richard Wood, PO glyphic views each. Complete with origi- Box 22165, Juneau, AK 99802. nal redlblue glasses. + scarce large photo- CROQUET! CROQUET! CROQUET! graphic tissues by F. Firth - London 1855, Please send Xerox and price of any stereo LlNEX STEREO film magazines (circa mid- "View for the Cosmoscope". + Fine tissue views or old photographs containing cro- 1950s) complete or parts; working flash- views; different subjects. Copies on quet matter to: Allen Scheuch, 356 W. bulb unit for 127 British Coronet box request. Will trade for: Views with astro- 20th St., New York, NY 10011 (212) 929- stereo camera. Gary S. Mangiacopra, 7 nomical motives - also showing tele- 2299. Arlmont Street, Milford, CT 06460. scopes. Tomas Sandberg, Ostra Storg 25, MEXICAN VIEWS. Collector seeks stereo 69400 Hallsberg, Sweden. FLORIDA STEREOS of historical value, especially Tallahassee, Tampa and views, individual or boxed sets, of Mexico VIEW-MASTER Personal Camera, original Gainesville. Price and describe or send or Mexican subjects. G. Hayes, PO Box instructions, leather case, filters and per- on approval, highest prices paid for pre- 55721, Sherman Oaks, CA 91413, (818) sonal flash attachment in original box with 1890 views. No St.Augustine. Hendrik- 990-9608 days. original instructions. Will trade for other sen, PO Box 21153, Kennedy Space Cen- MUYBRIDGE VIEWS. Top prices paid. stereo camera. Robert Deubrouck, 166 ter, FL 32815. Also Michigan and Mining - the 3 Ms. Fernwood Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R2M 1C3 Many views available for trade. Leonard Canada. GAYILESBIAN Gatherings, marches, events, 1987 March on Washington, slides Walle, 49525 W. Seven Mile, Northville. MI or prints, also 1904 World's Fair, for 3-D 481 67, (313) 348-9145. multi-image presentation. Charles PATENT OFFICE (1790-1 990) all early Koehler, 522 Buena Vista, Edwardsville, IL ANY STEREO of Maiden Boston images, papers, books, patent models, and Revere Beach. Please send Xerox to 62025, (618) 656-1097. images of inventors, and patent related Freeman F. Hepburn, 557 Pleasant St. I BUY ALL "VISTAS CUBANAS stereos by items. Jim Davie, 13724 Langstone Dr., 203, Malden, MA 02148. E. Anthony, also Cuban views by M.E.A. Woodbridge, VA 22193, (703) 590-5272, office (703) 308-0020. BURDLO camera, underwater housing for Mestrel, Vere F. Campbell, Griffith & Grif- Burdlo/Nimslo, and Kindar lens for Exakta. fith, European American, Universal Photo SCULPTURE: Stereo views and other pho- Art Co., M.H. Zahner, B.W. Kilburn. Box M. Blum (408) 373-4131, 840 Walnut tographic formats of 19th century neoclas- sets by Keystone and U&U on Puerto Rico Street, Pacific Grove, CA 93950. sical sculpture, especially of the female and Cuba. CDVs made by F. Fredericks in nude. Thomas Gatlin, PO Box 2914, Car- BUSCH VERASCOPE F 40, Delta stereo, Cuba and CDVs by Marc Ferrez or G. bondale, IL 62902. (618) 549-3009. Redufocus lenses, Kodak Stereo for "can- Leuzinger in Brazil or Chile. Henry Medi- nibalizing" - no parts missing! Gerrit na, 181 Thomas St., Brentwood, NY STEREO REALIST slide storage cases, Niederhaus, Schneiderstr. 5, 4800 Biele- 11 71 7, (516) 273-1 832. chests, and files in Exc. or better condi- feld 1, Germany. tion. (Must contain Realist logo.) Mark I BUY ARIZONA PHOTOGRAPHS! Stereo Willke. 200 SW 89th Ave., Portland, OR COLLECT, TRADE, BUY & SELL: 19th views, cabinet cards, mounted pho- 97225. Century images (Cased, stereo, Cdv, Cab- tographs, RP post cards, albums and pho- inet & large paper). Bill Lee, 8658 S. tographs taken before 1920. Also interest- STEREO VIEWS of the construction of the Gladiator Way, Sandy, UT 84094. Special- ed in xeroxes of Arizona stereographs and Titanic, for a grandson who is immensely ties: Western, Locomotives, photogra- photos for research. Will pay postage and interested in the history of the vessel. phers, Indians, Mining, J. Carbutt, Expedi- COPY costs. Jeremy Rowe. 2331 E. Del Send description and price to F. Rader, PO tions, Ships. Utah & Occupational. Rio Dr., Tempe, AZ 85282. Box 86, Wind Gap, PA 18091. STEREO WORLD back issue. Searching for copy of MarchlApril 1988 Color Stereo World magazine. Write if you are willing to sell a copy. Jacob Wolfson, 12 Hartford PRECISION FOLDING STEREO VIEWER St., Salem, MA 01 970. For all standard SUGAR: 1 wish to purchase stereo views of Realist 3D stereo slides. anything related to sugar, sugarcane, sugar beets and their harvest, processing and Glass or cardboard marketina. Wavne A. Bovnton. PO Box mounted. Folds flat, weighs only 1 oz. Prepaid minimum order VIEWS OF PORTAGE, NEW YORK want- $10.00. Add $1 -00for ed. Also Nunda. Castile. Portaaeville and shipping and hand Hemlock Lake (NY). send SASEfor list of 100+ views for trade or sale. T. Cook, Box FREE CATALOG AVAllA 177, Nunda, NY 14517. m ORDER CALLTOLL 800-223-669 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, Under- wood & Underwood, 1904 series boxed MAJOR CREDIT CARDS ACC MINIMUM ORDER $20 00 set of 30 and notes of travel No. 13 in excellent condition. Del Phillips, 1209 TAYLOR MERCHANT CORP. 212 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001 Hughes Road, Auburn, KY 42206, (502) 542-6092. m

STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 March 3 (OR) April 14 (Ont.) April 27 (wA) Portland Photographer's Forum Photographic Historical Society Puget Sound Photographic Col- 9th Annual Camera SwapMeet, of Canada, 17th Annual Spring lector's Society Inc. 1lth Annual Sam Jackson Armory, Portland, Photographica Fair, Thornhill Camera and Photographica Sale, OR. Contact PPF, PO Box 5643, Community Center, 7753 Bay- Swap & Show, Kent Commons, Portland, OR 97228. Call 659- view Ave., Thornhill, Ontario. Kent, WA. Contact John Spar- 9935. Contact Larry Boccioletti, 1248 row, 20811 Military Rd. s., Seat- March 10 (MI) Jane St., Toronto, Ontario, M6M tle, WA 98198. Call (206) 824- Metro Detroit Camera Show, 4x8, Canada. Call 416-243- 5927. m Millwri~ht'sHall, Warren, MI. 1439. I contact am Vinegar, 20219 I Mack Ave., ~rossePointeWoods, MI 48236. Call 313-884-2243. March 10 (NJ) Second Sunday Camera Show, An International 3-D Community Fire Hall #1, Wayne, NJ. Contact SSCS, 25 Leary Ave., Bloomingdale, NJ 07403. Call Festival for Paris in '91 201-838-4301. March 16-17 he 8th ISU World Congress will together a limited number of spe- (Nu Ttake place in Paris from cialists in order to seek and define 8th Annual Omaha Camera universal standards for 3-D images Show, Sokol Hall, Omaha, NE. Wednesday Sept. 23 to Monday Sept. 30, 1991. It will be the main The Technical and Cultural Contact Jim Tunzer, 1808 N. Exhibition will complete the ISU 59th St., Omaha, NE 68104. Call part of an even larger event, The International Festival of 3-D Congress and the Festival. It will 402-558-9473. Images, which will include the include: March 17 (CAI ISU Congress, the 1st International a cultural section (antiques Buena Park Camera Swap Meet, Symposium on 3-D Images, the 1st exhibits, old and modern 3-D Sequoia Club, Buena Park, CA. Standardization Conference for 3- images, 3-D paintings, contin- Call 714-786-8183 or 786-6644. D Images, and an exhibition uous projection booths, etc.). devoted to 3-D images. March 23-24 (Tx) a techno-commercial section 3rd San Antonio Camera Show, The 8th World Congress of the International Stereoscopic Union allowing participants to Seven Oaks Hotel, San Antonio, acquaint themselves with TX Contact Donald Puckett, will offer the same range of activi- ties as previous congresses: products and techniques from 1106 Graham Ave. #206, Dallas, all areas of 3-D imaging. TX 75215. Call 214-824-1581. projections of stereo slides, sequences and audiovisual a small stereoscopic antiques March 24 (vA) Droarams on larae screens. fair featuring images and 8th Annual Spring DC Antique L " " equipment. Photo Show, Rosslyn Westpark two international competitions: Hotel, 1900 N. Ft. Meyer Dr., one for stereo slides & cards The entire Festival will take Arlington, VA. Contact Russell and one for audiovisual pro- place in the "Palais de Tokyo", a Norton, Box 1070, New Haven, grams. large museum facing the river CT 06504. Call 203-562-7800. Seine between the Champs Elyskes workshops, technical demon- and the Eiffel Tower. The building April 4 (Ont.) strations, and photographic includes exhibition spaces, meet- Canadian Regional NSA meeting, tours. ing rooms, a cafeteria and three Scarborough, Ontario. Contact permanent access to the festival projection rooms containing 500, Martin Bass, 130 Normandy Gar- exhibition. 300, and 100 seats. The main pro- dens, London, ontario N6H 4B2, gram of ISU Congress projections Canada. Call 519-472-1773. dinner parties in different places of interest giving opportunities will be in the 500 seat theater on a to meet colleagues and visit 5.4 meter wide screen Paris. For information on registration, fees, hotels, and audiovisual pro- 1 a one day bus tour. gram entries, contact U.S. ISU Rep- The 1st Standardization Con- resentative Paul Milligan, 508 La ference for 3-D Images will bring Cima Circle, Gallup, NM 87301.m

40 STEREO WORLD NovemberlDecember 1990 An Overdue Look at Civil War Stereogra her George Barnard' A Review by T.K. Treadwell

hen was the last time you Charleston; these are remarkably He maintained a personal dark- Wfound it really hard to put a similar in style, and there is no evi- room almost until his death in book down? For me, George N. dence that either man ever actual- 1902. Bamard was one. It's by Keith F. ly went there. Davis has estab- This is an outstanding book, Davis, chief curator of the Hall- lished that a large number of based very largely on original mark Photographic Collection - Soule's views are from Barnard's sources, extremely well written, yes, the greeting card people. I'd negatives. Further, James W. and very good value for the mon- never heard of the collection, but Campbell, who worked with ey. Davis puts Barnard's career in we should be grateful for this sup- Barnard in the south, published a perspective, showing both how he port of photography; for one rare series of stereos of Charleston, influenced the photographic field thing, their subsidy likely permits of which at least a couple were and how the events of history like this book's very reasonable price. issued by Stacy. It is now clear war and depression influenced It's subtitled "Photographer of that the 1865 "War Views" of both him. It's a long-overdue tribute to Sherman's Campaign", but that's Soule and Stacy were either bought a major photographer, and a text- somewhat misleading. It covers or pirated from Barnard and book example on how photo- the entire long and productive life Campbell. graphic history should be written. of this remarkable artist. He went His career after the war is too (George N. Barnard, by Keith F. into Daguerreotypy in up-state varied to be summarized here. He Davis; Univ. of New Mexico Press, New York in the 1840s, and took had studios in Charleston, New 1990; quarto, soft-bound; 232 pp., up the new techniques of York State, and Chicago (where he 168 illustrations. Available from ambrotypes and paper prints as was burned out in the great fire). NSA Book Service, $20.00 post- they were developed. His results Late in life he promoted George paid.) m were praised in the photographic Eastman's new dry photographic journals, and he wound up work- plates, and manufactured his own. ing with the Anthony Company. He became an expert in stereo, taking the fine set oi views of ~uba which Anthony issued in the late 1860s, for example. When the Civil War started, Barnard became involved immediately in recording it around Wash- ington, and in 1863 was chosen to make both documentary photographs and maps for the army in Tennessee. He accompanied Sher- man on his march from Atlanta to Savannah, and shortly afterward, photographed Charleston. From this came his famous book of "Photographic views of Sherman's Campaign",which is reproduced in full in this volume. Davis's research has helped sort out puzzles concerning John Soule of Boston and George Stacy of New York City. In 1865, both men published stereoviews of war-damaged No. 21 5, "Niagara - Freds Cabin - Hotel on the Ice Bridge." Note the man at the right who appears to be looking through a stereoscope. From part two of Mark A. DiLaura's article "Niagara Falls" beginning on page four.