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VOL. CLXIX . . . No. 58,672 © 2020 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 $3.00 CALIFORNIA DEATH EXPANDS TIMELINE OF VIRUS’S SPREAD

Case Earlier in Year Raises Questions on Transmission and U.S. Policy

This article is by Thomas Fuller, might have been spreading unde- Mike Baker, Shawn Hubler and tected. Sheri Fink. With little local testing through- SAN FRANCISCO — Weeks be- out February — in part because of fore there was evidence that the botched testing kits from the Cen- coronavirus was spreading in U.S. ters for Disease Control and Pre- communities, Patricia Dowd, a 57- vention, along with strict guide- year-old auditor at a Silicon Valley lines that limited who could get semiconductor manufacturer, de- tested — officials were not aware veloped flulike symptoms and of the virus transmitting locally in abruptly died in her San Jose the country until Feb. 26, in Solano kitchen, triggering a search for County, Calif. what had killed her. Flu tests were Previous cases had involved negative. The coroner was baf- people who had traveled to China, fled. It appeared that she had suf- where the outbreak began, or who fered a massive heart attack. had been exposed to someone But tissue samples from Ms. who was sick. But the Feb. 26 case Dowd, who died on Feb. 6, have in Solano County was of unex- now shown that she was infected plained origin. Similar cases of with the coronavirus — a startling community transmission were discovery that has rewritten the quickly identified in nearby Santa timeline of the virus’s early Clara County, which includes San spread in the United States and Jose, as well as in Washington suggests that the optimistic as- State and Oregon. sumptions that drove federal poli- The new test results made pub- REBECCA CONWAY FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES cies over the early weeks of the lic late Tuesday show that even In New Delhi, the government is distributing food every day, but people waiting in line have fought over a plate of rice and lentils. outbreak were misplaced. this timeline failed to reveal how The unexpected new finding long the virus had been circulat- makes clear that the virus was cir- ing. Ms. Dowd had not recently culating in the Bay Area of Califor- traveled outside the country, the Stand on Drug 135 Million Face Starvation. That Could Double. nia as early as January, even be- authorities said, and yet she died a fore the federal government be- full 20 days before the earliest re- Led to Ouster, ply routes — leaving millions to gan restricting travel from China corded case of community trans- By ABDI LATIF DAHIR worry how they will get enough to on Feb. 2. It also raises new ques- mission. Another previously un- Pandemic Moves Globe eat. tions about where else the virus Continued on Page A11 Official Asserts NAIROBI, Kenya — In the larg- Toward Unparalleled The coronavirus has sometimes est slum in Kenya’s capital, people been called an equalizer because desperate to eat set off a stam- it has sickened both rich and poor, pede during a recent giveaway of Crisis of Hunger By MICHAEL D. SHEAR but when it comes to food, the Infection Turns flour and cooking oil, leaving and MAGGIE HABERMAN commonality ends. It is poor peo- scores injured and two people ple, including large segments of WASHINGTON — The official dead. Pauline Karushi, who lost her job poorer nations, who are now going Factory Towns who led the federal agency in- In India, thousands of workers at a jewelry business in Nairobi, hungry and facing the prospect of volved in developing a coro- are lining up twice a day for bread and lives in two rooms with her starving. Into Hot Zones navirus vaccine said on Wednes- and fried vegetables to keep child and four other relatives. “The coronavirus has been any- day that he was removed from his hunger at bay. “That means not eating much.” thing but a great equalizer,” said post after he pressed for rigorous And across Colombia, poor The coronavirus pandemic has Asha Jaffar, a volunteer who By DIONNE SEARCEY vetting of hydroxychloroquine, an households are hanging red cloth- brought hunger to millions of peo- brought food to families in the anti-malaria drug embraced by As soon as she heard about a ing and flags from their windows ple around the world. National Nairobi slum of Kibera after the cluster of coronavirus cases at the President Trump as a coronavirus and balconies as a sign that they lockdowns and social distancing fatal stampede. “It’s been the treatment, and that the adminis- Tyson pork-processing plant on are hungry. measures are drying up work and great revealer, pulling the curtain the edge of Columbus Junction, tration had put “politics and JUSTIN SULLIVAN/GETTY IMAGES “We don’t have any money, and incomes, and are likely to disrupt back on the class divide and ex- cronyism ahead of science.” Iowa, Cindy Johnston felt a ripple now we need to survive,” said agricultural production and sup- Continued on Page A6 effect through her small commu- Chase has handed out $14 bil- Rick Bright was abruptly dis- nity along the Iowa River. lion through the relief program. missed this week as the director of Ms. Johnston, who manages a the Department of Health and Hu- Dairy Sweet burgers and ice man Services’ Biomedical Ad- cream shack, sent home four vanced Research and Develop- teenage employees because their Banks Steered ment Authority, or BARDA, and parents work at the Tyson plant. removed as the deputy assistant Parents of other teenage workers Richest Clients secretary for preparedness and were too afraid of potential infec- response. He was given a nar- tion to let their children report to rower job at the National Insti- work at Dairy Sweet. Then, she To Federal Aid tutes of Health. learned of the death of an employ- In a scorching statement, Dr. ee at the Tyson plant; it was the Bright, who received a Ph.D. in father of a classmate of her son. By EMILY FLITTER immunology and molecular “I’ve lived in this community all and STACY COWLEY pathogenesis from Emory Uni- my life, and I’ve never seen it so The federal government’s $349 versity, assailed the leadership at scared,” said Ms. Johnston, who is billion aid program for small busi- the health department, saying he 52, nearly the same age as the fa- nesses devastated by the coro- was pressured to direct money to- ther who died. navirus pandemic was advertised ward hydroxychloroquine, one of Across the country, some big as first-come, first-served. As several “potentially dangerous cities on the coasts are starting to many business owners found out, drugs promoted by those with po- experience a leveling off of it was anything but. litical connections” and repeat- Covid-19 cases, but a staggering That’s because some of the na- edly described by the president as number of small Midwestern tion’s biggest banks, including JP- a potential “game changer” in the towns anchored by meatpacking Morgan Chase, Citibank and U.S. fight against the virus. plants and other factories are Bank, prioritized the applications “I believe this transfer was in finding themselves as new hot of their wealthiest clients before response to my insistence that the spots of the virus. turning to other loan seekers, ac- government invest the billions of The new cases are worrying be- cording to half a dozen bank em- Continued on Page A9 cause many officials are contem- ployees and financial industry ex- ADAM DEAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES plating reopening the nation’s ecutives who spoke on the condi- Protected, They Serve businesses. The outbreaks are tion of anonymity because they TRADEOFF Officials must decide now raising the prospect of a new were not authorized to discuss the how many deaths are acceptable Buddhist monks from Wat Matchanthikaram, a temple in Bangkok, wore masks and face shields spread in less populous communi- banks’ operations. to reopen the country. PAGE A13 on Wednesday to guard against the spread of the coronavirus on their rounds to receive alms. ties in the middle of the country Customers of Citi’s private and complicating these company bank, where the minimum ac- towns’ debates over when to re- count size is $25 million, didn’t start public life. have to use an online portal to ap- The Social Distancing Origin Story: It Starts in the Middle Ages Tyson Foods closed the plant in ply for a loan; they could simply Columbus Junction earlier this submit paperwork to their banker, work and school the next time the How that idea — born out of a month. The company announced who would put in an application on Wednesday that it was closing a By ERIC LIPTON country was hit by a deadly pan- request by President George W. their behalf. At Chase, the nation’s A High School Project plant in Logansport, Ind., as well and JENNIFER STEINHAUER demic. Bush to ensure the nation was bet- largest bank, nearly all private When they presented their plan Advanced the Idea ter prepared for the next conta- as a large pork-processing plant in and commercial banking clients WASHINGTON — Fourteen not long after, it was met with gious disease outbreak — became Waterloo, Iowa, after calls from who applied for a small business years ago, two federal govern- skepticism and a degree of the heart of the national playbook public officials to shutter the facili- loan got one, whereas only one out ment doctors, Richard Hatchett ridicule by senior officials, who for responding to a pandemic is ty amid a growing outbreak. A of every 15 retail banking and Carter Mecher, met with a col- like others in the United States Drs. Hatchett and Mecher were one of the untold stories of the co- Continued on Page A14 customers who sought loans was league at a burger joint in subur- had grown accustomed to relying proposing instead that Americans ronavirus crisis. successful. Some banks provided ban Washington for a final review on the pharmaceutical industry, in some places might have to turn It required the key proponents highly personalized, so-called of a proposal they knew would be with its ever-growing array of back to an approach, self-isola- — Dr. Mecher, a Department of GEORGIA The president criticized concierge service to their richest treated like a piñata: telling treatments, to confront evolving tion, first widely employed in the Veterans Affairs physician, and the governor, a political ally, for clients by enlisting representa- Americans to stay home from health challenges. Middle Ages. Continued on Page A12 reopening too soon. PAGE A4 Continued on Page A14

INTERNATIONAL A17-18 BUSINESS B1-7 THURSDAY STYLES D1-6 Israel’s Tactical Warning Shots Hands-On Again at Amazon At Home, and Forgoing Fashion To avoid killing Hezbollah fighters in Jeff Bezos, who has shunned day-to-day “I think about putting on lipstick, but Syria and risking a war with Lebanon, management, is guiding his company’s then I ask myself: ‘Why?’” More wom- Israelis are telling the militant group response to the pandemic. PAGE B1 en are asking such questions. PAGE D1 about attacks in advance. PAGE A17 Resort Group Gets Virus Relief Don’t Hide From Dark Humor SPORTSTHURSDAY B8-11 Trump Puts Tehran on Notice Hotels and luxury properties that fun- ARTS C1-8 Laughter is a coping mechanism during The president said he had ordered the nel money back to a single company periods of sickness, death and anxiety. Easy Call in N.F.L. Draft Navy to “shoot down” any Iranian boats have secured about $40 million in small- Look Up in Awe So you shouldn’t feel guilty. PAGE D1 L.S.U.’s Joe Burrow, who grew up in that harass Navy warships. PAGE A18 business program funding. PAGE B1 Sleek skyscrapers define New York. Ohio, will head home if the Bengals make Our critic strolls and speaks with the EDITORIAL, OP-ED A22-23 him the top pick on Thursday. PAGE B8 North Sea Oil in Trouble architect Annabelle Selldorf. PAGE C1 NATIONAL A19-21 Gail Collins PAGE A23 Dropping crude prices from the pan- A Not-So-Bad Loss for Boston ‘Fight for Basic Human Rights’ demic, coupled with infections on Can We Get Artists Working? The Red Sox will lose a draft pick for The U.S. may share less intelligence with drilling rigs, are imperiling the vast The Federal Art Project once gave work stealing signs in 2018. The punishment anti-L.G.B.T. nations, a bid to get them to industry that sprawls across the waters to thousands of artists. But now, politics U(D54G1D)y+#!/!&!?!z could have been worse. PAGE B11 decriminalize homosexuality. PAGE A19 off Scotland and Norway. PAGE B7 and society are different. PAGE C1 A2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

A.G. SULZBERGER NEWS EDITORIAL Publisher DEAN BAQUET Executive Editor JAMES BENNET Editorial Page Editor JOSEPH KAHN Managing Editor JAMES DAO Deputy Editorial Page Editor Founded in 1851 KATHLEEN KINGSBURY Deputy Editorial Page Editor REBECCA BLUMENSTEIN Deputy Managing Editor ADOLPH S. OCHS STEVE DUENES Deputy Managing Editor Publisher 1896-1935 MATTHEW PURDY Deputy Managing Editor BUSINESS ARTHUR HAYS SULZBERGER ELISABETH BUMILLER Assistant Managing Editor MARK THOMPSON Chief Executive Officer Publisher 1935-1961 SAM DOLNICK Assistant Managing Editor ROLAND A. CAPUTO Chief Financial Officer ORVIL E. DRYFOOS MONICA DRAKE Assistant Managing Editor MEREDITH KOPIT LEVIEN Chief Operating Officer Publisher 1961-1963 MATTHEW ERICSON Assistant Managing Editor DIANE BRAYTON General Counsel and Secretary ELLEN C. SHULTZ ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER ALISON MITCHELL Assistant Managing Editor Executive V.P., Talent and Inclusion WILLIAM T. BARDEEN Publisher 1963-1992 CAROLYN RYAN Assistant Managing Editor Chief Strategy Officer SAM SIFTON Assistant Managing Editor R. ANTHONY BENTEN Chief Accounting Officer, Treasurer ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER JR. MICHAEL SLACKMAN Assistant Managing Editor STEPHEN DUNBAR-JOHNSON President, International Publisher 1992-2017

Inside The Times A Note to Our Readers THE STORY BEHIND THE STORY

There is no separate New York section today. New York coverage is included as part of the Tracking an Outbreak section on Pages A4-16. Helpingyoulivebetter.

No matter where you are. The Newspaper And Beyond

CORRECTIONS A21

CROSSWORD C3

OBITUARIES B12-14

OPINION A22-23

TV LISTINGS C7

WEATHER A20

CLASSIFIED ADS B11

ANDY LYONS/GETTY IMAGES The N.F.L. draft won’t be onstage this year. But it still dominates a busy off-season schedule.

VIDEO Go inside the apartment of one Covering a Sport That Hasn’t Stopped family that dealt with Covid-19. “This is crazy,” said Tanya Denise The National Football League, with no games scheduled until August, has mostly dodged Fields about life with her partner, the disruption of the coronavirus pandemic. It has proceeded with a highly choreo- six children and a dog in their graphed schedule of events well-suited for television and internet viewing. The program- South Bronx home. Ms. Fields ming began after the Super Bowl and has rolled into a spectacle that’s made for TV: the recently recovered after getting N.F.L. draft. The virtual event, which begins tonight, won’t be as flashy as drafts of recent the virus. nytimes.com/video years. League and team officials will be on camera from their homes. Ken Belson has covered the N.F.L. for The Times since 2013. He discussed how strange — and yet strangely normal — reporting on the league has been lately. TERENCE MCGINLEY

Does it surprise you the way the N.F.L. has strategic. By most measures, they have proceeded with regularly scheduled been successful at it. The draft has been off-season activities? perhaps the most obvious version of this. There were a handful of people who were In a normal year, the draft speculation complaining and calling on the N.F.L. to starts the minute the Super Bowl is over. shut down entirely in sympathy with the It’s a cottage industry that the N.F.L. loves other leagues. There were teams that were to encourage. It fills hours and hours of TV AUDIO nervous about the perception of newly time when there are no games. How good What are our kids listening to? In Give the gift they’ll minted millionaires at a time when people does that get, if you are in the business of an episode of the “Popcast” pod- were hurting and unemployment was providing content, that you don’t have to cast, dads from The Times’s Cul- open every day. rising. Now, two teams told me how sur- put on a game and it will still fill hours of ture desk talk about the role music prised they were at the positive reaction to talk radio and TV? plays in their homes and what N.F.L. free agency and the fact that they their kids like. Gift subscriptions to The New York Times. believe the fans have come to grips with Are you excited to watch the draft on TV? nytimes.com/popcast Visitnytimes.com/giftorcall855-698-5273. that. Those who are morally opposed to It’s interesting for me, since I started this spoiled athletes getting rich probably beat in 2013, I haven’t watched it on TV aren’t their core audience anyway. The because I’ve been at the event. In some N.F.L. is playing to its core audience, which ways it will be fun, to go to the fridge, get is the hard-core football fan. something to eat and come back to watch In this economy, with no new sports the next pick. It’s good drama. I’m curious happening, the draft is going to be a rat- to see it the way fans see it. But I’ll also be ings spectacle because there is little else to working, so it’s not entirely relaxing. watch. And I think they believe it will be good for the country to have fresh content How has your job as a reporter changed in a on TV. There are 32 new millionaires; it’s closed-down society? EVENT like a sports lottery. It’s a happy sports Over the years I’ve been really fortunate to Join the philosophy teacher Simon story when there’s a short supply of them. travel to pretty much every N.F.L. city, Critchley and the Times Opinion getting to know owners and general man- editor Peter Catapano in a group How typical has this year been for you, agers and coaches and vice presidents. call as they talk with the comic compared with previous years? The New York Times has allowed me to Stewart Lee to explore the role of I was looking forward to not just writing invest a lot of time in getting to know peo- comedy in a crisis. April 26, 3:30 about football, but getting prepared for ple up close. And there’s nothing that re- p.m. E.D.T. To R.S.V.P., visit going to Japan this summer and the places a one-to-one interaction. You could timesevents.nytimes.com. Olympics. It’s still busy, but a slower peri- send a hundred emails and make a hun- od. Things don’t slow down in the N.F.L. dred phone calls, but that won’t replace until after the draft. It’s worth noting that sitting in front of somebody and talking to the N.F.L., more than any other league, has them. That’s paying off now because peo- spent a lot of energy trying to develop a ple will pick up the phones, because they Contact the Newsroom [email protected] 365-day calendar. know me already and they have met me. They have shared a meal or sat in a room Share a News Tip That development in recent years, of together for an hour, and that really pays [email protected] or nytimes.com/tips off-season programming, seems fortuitously off in times like this. Contact Customer Care positioned for this moment, right? nytimes.com/contactus It’s been deliberate and they have been Read about the N.F.L. draft on Page B8. or 1-800-NYTIMES (1-800-698-4637)

On This Day in History A MEMORABLE HEADLINE FROM THE NEW YORK TIMES

INTO OKLAHOMA AT LAST

April 23, 1889. The Times reported on the Land Rush of 1889, in which tens of thousands of settlers poured into former Native American lands that were ceded to the United States after the Civil War and that were opened to non-Native settlement by the 1889 Indian Appropriations Act. At noon, the land was officially up for grabs, and settlers on horseback rushed to stake their claims. “A dispatch from Oklahoma City to-night says that at 12 o’clock men seemed to rise out of the ground there, and in an incredibly short time a town site was staked off and lots placed on the market,” The Times reported. Subscribers can browse the complete Times archives through 2002 at timesmachine.nytimes.com.

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Of Interest ILLUSTRATION BY BEN DENZER NOTEWORTHY FACTS FROM TODAY’S PAPER

Britain generates 1.7 million barrels Electronic dance music parties and of crude oil a day — three-quarters festivals are an important export of the country’s oil consumption. product in the Netherlands and an Fears Pandemic May Cause Collapse $8 billion industry, employing Of North Sea Oil B7 around 100,000 people. • D.J.s and Their Fans Face a Dance-Less On a single weekend recently, buyers Summer A5 on Etsy searched for face masks an SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE • average of nine times per second, For her spring 2020 collection, Stella according to the site’s chief executive. McCartney introduced a brand-new Our Hard Times, Now Accessorized D3 partially plant-based faux-fur fabric. • India sends thousands of highly Turning Away From Fur, Sort Of D2 PG&E, the largest utility in skilled workers to the United States • California, recently agreed to plead every year and counts a diaspora in In April, for the first time in years, guilty to involuntary manslaughter in the country of four million, Jeff Bezos visited one of Amazon’s all but one of the 85 deaths in the representing one of the largest warehouses. 2018 Camp Fire, a wildfire started by contingents of immigrants to the Bezos Takes Back the Wheel B1 the company’s equipment. United States. Chief of California Utility Will Retire in June, Protectionist Stance by Trump Strikes Fear After Resolution of Bankruptcy B7 In Workers From India A5

The Conversation Spotlight FOUR OF THE MOST READ, SHARED AND DISCUSSED POSTS ADDITIONAL REPORTAGE AND REPARTEE FROM ACROSS NYTIMES.COM FROM OUR JOURNALISTS

1. The Infection That’s Silently Killing Yesterday was the 50th Earth Day, the annual event estab- Coronavirus Patients lished to raise awareness about the state of our planet. John This Op-Ed article by Dr. Richard Levitan was again the most Schwartz, a Times reporter who covers climate change, spoke read article of the day. Over 10 days working at Bellevue to the Morning Briefing team about what Earth Day means Hospital in New York City, he realized that there was a way to five decades later. Below are edited highlights to help you detect breathing problems in coronavirus patients sooner, observe the spirit of Earth Day after it has passed. using a device that was available at the pharmacy. 2. Coronavirus Live Updates On what has changed since 1970, the inaugural Earth Day: The Times’s live briefing was one the most read articles of the day. On Wednesday, President Trump said he would issue an order to impose a 60-day halt in issuing green cards; some The air over the U.S. is much cleaner, and so is the stability returned to the energy market; and two cats became water we drink in most parts of the country. We don’t the first pets in the United States to test positive for the virus. use DDT or asbestos. But other threats have arisen. The biggest of those — the issue that wasn’t really on 3. Chinese Agents Helped Spread Messages That Sowed the radar for most people in 1970 — is climate change. Virus Panic in U.S., Officials Say Scientific evidence has grown and scientific consensus A new report from The Times showed that American officials has gelled, and so now we recognize that there are were alarmed by fake text messages and social media posts threats that are more fundamental, and ultimately more that said President Trump was locking down the country. This harmful, than we ever knew 50 years ago. has spurred agencies to look at new ways in which China, Russia and other nations have spread disinformation. On whether the coronavirus relegated Earth Day to a second-tier event this year:

It’s anything but second-tier, but it’s virtual. You won’t have millions marching in the streets, but there are activities all around the world. Young climate strikers are speaking out. The modern-day equivalents of the 1970 “teach-ins” are happening online.

On how people can still celebrate Earth Day:

We’ve put together a great package of stories that KEVIN FRAYER/GETTY IMAGES provide a crash course on climate change, help readers pick out books about climate change, introduce the 4. Coronavirus Death in California Came original organizer of Earth Day and more. And there’s UNITY BRACELETS Weeks Before First Known U.S. Death so much going on at earthday.org and on the websites 18k/Diamond The earliest U.S. deaths publicly attributed to the coronavirus of other climate- and environment-oriented groups that had been on Feb. 26, when two people died in the Seattle area. there’s something for everyone. But Santa Clara County officials said someone in California who had the virus died on Feb. 6. Visit nytimes.com/climate for reporting and reading suggestions.

PA ULM ORELLI.COM Quote of the Day “This monster is coming our way. If a place like NYC: 895 MADISON (72ND & MADISON) A NEW DISASTER LOOMS FOR A New York can be so overwhelmed, how is Haiti going to PHL: 1118 WA LN UT STR EE T BATTERED NATION A7 212.585.4200 deal with this?” DR. JEAN WILLIAM PAPE,who runs a large AIDS and tuberculosis clinic in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.

The Mini Crossword Here to Help FINDING THE RIGHT OFFICE CHAIR BY JOEL FAGLIANO Support brighter futures. 1234 In 2012, I started working from home full time. Within just a few months, I threw my back out from sitting all day at a home Learn how you can sponsor 5 office thrown together from what I had on classroom subscriptions at hand. That event kicked off a quest to find nytimes.com/sponsor. 6 office equipment that would be a bit easier on my spine. A good office chair can be 7 expensive, but it’s also like buying a mat- tress. If you’re going to spend a third of your life in it, it should be comfortable. 8 Here are some key criteria when picking ERIC RAVENSCRAFT an office chair. Some of the following infor- Sitting postures. According to Leon 4/23/2020 EDITED BY WILL SHORTZ mation comes from Wirecutter, a website of The New York Times Company that Straker, a professor at Curtin University’s School of Physiotherapy and Exercise ACROSS reviews products. ERIC RAVENSCRAFT 1 Soft French cheese Science, there are three good sitting pos- 5 Cheese coating Comfort. Everyone’s body is different, and tures. The first one, what he calls “up- 6 Sorta finding a chair that’s comfortable is often a right,” is “commonly shown in posters of 7 “So, to recap ...” matter of personal preference. If possible, good posture” and entails keeping the 8 Many free shirts it’s important to sit in a chair before buy- torso vertical and elbows relaxed by one’s ing it to ensure it’s comfortable. side. It’s best for working on a computer. DOWN Lumbar and back support. While a cheap The second, a “‘forward” posture, in- 1 Salty mixture used for making office chair might offer little lumbar sup- volves sitting at the front of the chair and feta cheese port, a good chair should be adjustable leaning forward with the forearms resting 2 Wash off enough to support your spine in a variety on the desk. “This is useful for writing,” 3 Major river that flows through said Dr. Straker. China, India and Pakistan of positions. In the third, a “backward” posture, the 4 Dutch cheese Adjustability. Not only is your body differ- body is reclined and receives support from 6 First aid container ent from everyone else’s, but you’re not the chair’s backrest “This is useful for likely to sit in one position all day. Or at talking on the phone,” Dr. Straker said. least you shouldn’t. Whatever chair you SOLUTION TO “Good desk and chair equipment allows MOP buy should have adjustable seat height, PREVIOUS PUZZLE you to vary between at least two of these, TYPES armrest height, tilt and seat depth. Some preferably three.” IBEAM cheaper chairs might leave off certain EARTH adjustments, but the more you can cus- For more practical tips about your home, visit nytimes.com/smarterliving. DAY tomize your chair, the better. A4 THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 0 N Tracking an Outbreak

Where Cases Have Been Reported Coronavirus Update As of Wednesday evening, more than 822,000 people across every state, plus Washington, D.C., and four U.S. territories, have tested positive for the coronavirus, according to a New York Times database. More than 41,600 people with the virus have died in the United States, a figure that is Timeline of U.S. Deaths Shifts Earlier frequently increasing by more than 2,000 per day. Vatican Plans Cautious Return to Services

Toilet Tissue Rush Buoys Big Paper Maker Wash. 12,345 Maine 907 Mont. N.D. By JAMES BARRON 439 679 Vt. Ore. Minn. The timeline that guided the optimistic federal response in the early 823 N.H. 2,059 Idaho 2,721 N.Y. 1,491 Mass. weeks of the coronavirus outbreak shifted, indicating that the virus 1,659 257,246 Wis. Mich. 42,944 must have been circulating in the San Francisco Bay Area as early S.D. 1,858 4,845 33,929 R.I. as January. Wyo. 5,841 322 The disturbing finding came as some states in the United States Pa. Conn. and some nations in Europe continued the push to emerge from Iowa 36,080 22,469 Ohio Nev. Neb. 3,764 Ind. N.J. confinement and move on. One example: A dismal symbol of the 14,117 Del. 4,081 1,727 12,438 95,865 coronavirus outbreak, a makeshift morgue set up in a Madrid skat- Utah Ill. 3,200 35,108 ing rink, closed on Wednesday. 3,451 D.C. Md. Colo. W.Va. But there were also signs that some places were not ready to 939 Va. 3,206 14,775 Calif. 10,447 return to pre-pandemic ways: The British House of Commons and Kan. 10,266 37,270 2,292 Mo. Ky. the New York City Council held virtual sessions. 6,137 3,193 N.C. And when Mayor Bill de Blasio of New York City said that the Tenn. annual Macy’s Fourth of July fireworks show would go on, outrage 7,220 Okla. 7,341 Ariz. erupted on Twitter. 2,894 5,459 N.M. Ark. The timeline changed with the completion of tests on tissue 2,072 2,276 S.C. samples from a 57-year-old California woman who died on Feb. 6, 4,761 more than three weeks before what had been considered the first Miss. 4,894 Ala. Ga. coronavirus death in the United States. The tests showed she had La. 5,534 19,738 the coronavirus, as did similar tests on another person who died on Texas 25,258 21,477 Feb. 17. “Each one of those deaths is probably the tip of an iceberg of Fla. unknown size,” said Dr. Sara Cody, the chief medical officer of Santa 27,861 Clara County, Calif., where both died. Alaska 335 If the cause had been known at the time, public health officials Puerto Rico could have alerted hospitals and distributed protective gear in an- Hawaii 915 ticipation of a widespread outbreak. As it was, the focus in February 580 was on quarantining travelers from China and suspending flights to and from that country. The virus — thought to have originated in Wuhan, an industrial hub with a population of 11 million — has now sickened more than 2.66 million people around the world and killed Note: The map shows the known locations of coronavirus cases by county. Circles are sized by the number of people there who have tested positive, which may differ from where they contracted the illness. Some people who traveled overseas were taken for treatment in California, Nebraska and Texas. Puerto Rico is more than 196,000. About one in 5 is American. the only affected U.S. territory shown. Sources: State and local health agencies; hospitals; C.D.C. Data is as of April 22, 2020, at 5 p.m., Eastern. THE NEW YORK TIMES As for the push toward a post-pandemic world, some officials plotted calculated reopenings, hoping to reduce the economic pain of long lockdowns. With the crisis easing but far from over in Europe, small shops in Berlin reopened and lines formed outside McDonald’s THE WHITE HOUSE drive-throughs in Paris that started serving customers again. To require masks in public or not? That is a question that offi- cials have struggled with. Switzerland decided not, diverging from Scientists Counter President on Fall Prediction neighboring Austria and Germany. But President Klaus Iohannis of Romania said yes, at least on mass transit and in public places By KATIE ROGERS But when pressed by reporters, said that Dr. Redfield did not actu- the administration, supported Dr. starting May 15, when a state of emergency is scheduled to expire Dr. Redfield said he had been accu- ally know if “the corona” would Redfield’s assertion that the virus and people will be permitted to travel freely. WASHINGTON — In February, rately quoted. “There’s a possibil- come back, and that he had spoken would be here in the fall. The Vatican announced plans to resume normal operations early President Trump told the public ity that the assault of the virus on to the doctor at “great length” “What Dr. Redfield was saying, next month with what it described in a statement as a “gradual that the coronavirus should “go our nation next winter will actu- about his comments. first of all, is that we will have coro- reactivation of ordinary services, while keeping in place the health away” by April. In March, he said ally be even more difficult than the Asked how he could repeatedly navirus in the fall. I am convinced precautions aimed at limiting contagion,” and a virus-ravaged Spain that the virus may “wash” away one we just went through,” he said assert that the coronavirus would of that,” he said, adding: “It’s go- also discussed a gradual reopening. Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez by summer. On Wednesday, Mr. in that interview. come back in pockets or not at all ing to be complicated. So whether asked lawmakers to extend Spain’s state of emergency through May Trump told the American public On Wednesday, directed by the by the winter, Mr. Trump said mul- or not it’s going to be big or small is that the virus “won’t be coming 9, telling them that a “slow and gradual” approach was necessary president to take the stage, Dr. tiple times that there was reason going to depend on our response.” back in the form that it was” this Redfield said, “When I com- to believe it might not. Health ex- The president has on multiple “precisely because it needs to be safe.” fall or winter. He then mused that Still, the virus continued to extend its devastating reach. Leba- mented yesterday that there was a perts — including Dr. Redfield — occasions suggested that the pan- it might not come back at all. possibility of next fall and winter, it have stressed that Americans demic would ease off in the sum- non confirmed its first coronavirus case in a Palestinian refugee The scientists flanking him at a camp. could be more difficult, more com- need to be prepared either way. mer, despite research showing White House briefing explicitly plicated when we had two respira- “If it does come back, it’s not go- otherwise. Several small studies said otherwise. tory illnesses circulating at the ing to come back, and I’ve spoken have indicated that while warmer New Coronavirus Cases Announced Daily in U.S. “There will be coronavirus in same time.” to 10 different people, it’s not going temperatures might make it hard- the fall,” Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the As of Wednesday evening, more than 822,000 people across every He added: “I didn’t say that this to be like it was,” the president er for the coronavirus to survive in federal government’s top infec- was going to be worse. I said that said, citing improved containment the air or on surfaces for long peri- state, plus Washington, D.C., and four U.S. territories, have tested tious disease expert, said as Mr. positive for the virus, according to a New York Times database. this was going to be more diffi- and mitigation efforts. ods of time, it could still be conta- Trump looked on. cult.” Taking the lectern to quibble When pressed by reporters, Dr. gious for hours, if not days. More than 40,000 Americans with reporters over the article — Deborah L. Birx, the White House Cases have also continued to ex- 30,000 have died from the coronavirus, which had the headline “C.D.C. Di- coronavirus response coordinator, plode in countries with equatorial and the outbreak is still well un- rector Warns Second Wave of Co- did not directly support the presi- climates and those in the Southern derway. But in his public remarks, ronavirus Is Likely to Be Even dent’s assertion. But Dr. Fauci, an- Hemisphere, which is currently in New cases Mr. Trump has continued to broad- More Devastating” — Mr. Trump other leading scientific voice for the middle of summer. 20,000 cast his personal hopes for the vi- rus, questioning its ability to last 7-day into the fall and winter. average “If we have embers of corona 10,000 coupled with the flu,” Mr. Trump said, “it’s not going to be what we’ve gone through in any way, shape or form,” after saying, “It’s also possible it doesn’t come back Feb. 26 April 22 at all.” The president’s latest assertion Note: Wednesday’s total is incomplete because some states report cases after press time. Data is as of April 22, 2020, at 5 p.m., Eastern. seemed prompted by his anger Sources: State and local health agencies; hospitals; C.D.C. THE NEW YORK TIMES with The Washington Post over an interview with Dr. Robert R. Red- field, the director of the Centers for Not Enough Meat; Way Too Much Oil Disease Control and Prevention, published a day earlier. In that in- Meat processing plants in the Midwest of the United States have terview, Dr. Redfield warned that become major hot spots in the pandemic, with some reporting wide- fall and winter would be taxing on spread illnesses among workers. On Wednesday, Tyson Foods said it Americans because influenza and was shutting down its largest pork processing plant, the latest in a the coronavirus would be circulat- series of factory closings that has strained the nation’s meat supply. ing at the same time. The company said that the plant, in Waterloo, Iowa, had been run- “He was misquoted,” Mr. Trump ning at slower than normal speeds in recent days because of absent said. workers. Tyson said it would offer virus testing to the 2,800 employ- “His whole purpose in making the statement was to get a flu shot ees at the plant later in the week. so that next fall we don’t have such Australia, which is largely dependent on imported oil, provided a a big season of flu,” the president twist on the glut. The Australian government said it would capitalize continued. on inconceivably low oil prices by spending $59 million on fuel for its reserves. The country’s energy minister said the oil would ini- Knvul Sheikh contributed report- DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES tially be kept in the United States while Australia explored storage ing. Dr. Robert R. Redfield, the C.D.C. director, with Dr. Deborah L. Birx at Wednesday’s briefing. closer to home. Australia is highly dependent on fuel imports. Panic about a toilet paper shortage resulted in a rush to buy toilet paper — and a 13 percent increase in first-quarter sales for BACK TO BUSINESS Kimberly-Clark, the conglomerate behind the Cottonelle and Scott brands. The company reported sales of $5 billion and earnings of $660 million. Both figures beat analysts’ estimates. Trump Chides Georgia Governor Over Reopening Too Soon China Calls Virus Lawsuit ‘Very Absurd’ By RICK ROJAS ately assailed, as public health ex- can wait a little bit longer, just a lit- he was reconsidering his decision. Perhaps it was inevitable: Coronavirus lawsuits are now work- ATLANTA — President Trump perts, the mayors of Georgia’s tle bit — not much, because safety “Our next measured step is largest cities and others warned has to predominate.” driven by data and guided by state ing their way through courts. on Wednesday criticized the deci- that it stood to have perilous con- Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the direc- public health officials,” he wrote. On Wednesday, China pushed back against a lawsuit filed by sion of a political ally, Gov. Brian Kemp of Georgia, to allow many sequences. Mayors said the deci- tor of the National Institute of Al- Mr. Kemp said that businesses Missouri’s attorney general, who accused the Chinese of an “ap- businesses to reopen this week, sion had caught them off-guard lergy and Infectious Diseases, that choose to reopen this week palling campaign of deceit, concealment, misfeasance and inaction” saying the move was premature and questioned its wisdom. Busi- also expressed concern. “I would were required to enforce social to play down the dangers of the coronavirus. A spokesman for the given the number of coronavirus ness owners who were otherwise tell him that he should be careful,” distancing rules, and that they Chinese foreign ministry called the case “very absurd,” adding that cases in the state. eager to revive their livelihoods he said about Mr. Kemp at the should check employees’ tem- “such vexatious litigation” should be dismissed, The Associated “I want him to do what he thinks said they would hold off. briefing on Wednesday. peratures for fevers and step up Press reported. The attorney general, Eric Schmitt, filed the case in is right, but I disagree with him on The governor’s plan gives per- “I know that there is a desire to sanitation efforts. federal court in St. Louis on Tuesday. what he is doing,” Mr. Trump said mission to gyms, hair and nail sa- move ahead quickly,” he contin- The decision, he said, was “a Bosnia’s top court ruled that officials violated the human rights at a White House briefing. “I think lons, bowling alleys and tattoo ued. “But going ahead and small step forward and should be of elderly and underage citizens by denying them freedom of move- it’s too soon.” parlors to reopen on Friday. Then, leapfrogging into phases where treated as such.” on Monday, restaurants are al- you should not be, I would advise ment amid the coronavirus outbreak. Sarajevo barred people over Mr. Kemp, a Republican, an- Governors in Tennessee, Ohio lowed to resume dine-in service, him as a health official and as a and Colorado also have indicated 65 and under 18 years of age from leaving their homes during the nounced on Monday that he had cleared the way for what he de- and movie theaters and other en- physician not to do that.” they won’t extend stay-at-home outbreak. The 24-hour bans imposed over a month ago were eased scribed as a measured process tertainment venues can reopen. Mr. Kemp acknowledged speak- orders that expire next week. only for a few days at the end of March to allow older people to meant to bolster the economy, as “I love those people that use all ing with Mr. Trump in a series of Georgia has more than 21,000 collect their pensions. Georgia, like the rest of the nation, of those things — the spas, the Twitter posts after the president’s confirmed cases of the coro- grapples with the devastation beauty parlors, barbershops, tat- briefing. And while he praised Mr. navirus, with 846 deaths reported Coronavirus Update wraps up the day’s developments with infor- brought by the pandemic. too parlors,” Mr. Trump said on Trump for his “bold leadership as of Wednesday, according to mation from across the virus report. Yet the decision was immedi- Wednesday. “I love them. But they and insight,” he gave no indication state health data. THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N A5

Tracking an Outbreak Global Response

IMMIGRATION Protectionist Stance By Trump Strikes Fear In Workers From India By KAI SCHULTZ the possibility of extending the and SAMEER YASIR ban on new green cards “based on NEW DELHI — When Presi- economic conditions at the time.” dent Trump announced via a late- He suggested that he may also night tweet that he would “sus- introduce a second executive or- pend immigration” to protect der that could further restrict im- American jobs from an economic migration, brushing aside studies tailspin caused by the coro- showing that a flow of foreign la- navirus, Priyanka Nagar pre- bor into the country has an overall pared for the worst. positive effect on the American For more than a decade, Ms. work force and wages. Nagar, an Indian citizen, had “We must first take care of the steadily built a life in the United American worker,” President States but she was now back in In- Trump said, insisting that newly dia, awaiting a visa extension. She jobless citizens should not have to and her husband, who works for compete with foreigners when the economy reopens. Microsoft, have applied for green cards. They hung an American Rights groups say the immigra- flag from their balcony in their tion process has become increas- ingly complex and frustrating in home in Washington State, where recent years, with Mr. Trump fan- TAMAS SOKI/EPA, VIA SHUTTERSTOCK Ms. Nagar had given birth to the ning the flames of anti-immigrant couple’s 5-year-old daughter. A festival featuring the D.J. Martin Garrix last year. Such events have been canceled until at least Sept. 1 because of the coronavirus. sentiment by pushing for an ex- But when Ms. Nagar read Mr. tensive wall along the Mexican Trump’s tweet posted late Mon- border and disparaging a group of THE NETHERLANDS day, while separated from her African nations. family in the United States, the For Indian citizens, building a thought of leaving her hard forged more permanent base in the coun- life behind without even a good- try was never easy. D.J.s and Their Fans Face a Dance-Less Summer bye was devastating, she said. Most of the 800,000 immigrants By THOMAS ERDBRINK prostitution, the famed Dutch tol- But not much later his partner flights back,” he said. “I beg the government not to currently waiting for a green card erance making the country fertile called telling him to come back to He had been booked for the en- think of us as enemies,” Ms. Na- are Indian citizens. Because of AMSTELVEEN, the Nether- ground for the dance festivals. the office. “Something about a vi- tire summer. But now, he said, gar, 39, a software developer, said. quotas that limit the number of lands — It would have been a rou- Where some countries cast a rus,” Mr. Veldhuis. while cooking dinner with his girl- “I want the U.S. to prosper. It has workers from each country, Indi- tine gig, playing electronic dance wary eye at the festivals as they Not long after that, they were friend in his house in Amsterdam, given us so much.” ans can expect to wait up to 50 music in a sports stadium filled developed in the 1990s, the Dutch forced to cancel DGTL, which was “I hope we can restart in Septem- By Tuesday, Mr. Trump had or- years for a green card since their with 40,000 fans at a festival in government embraced them, supposed to take place over Eas- ber.” dered a 60-day halt in issuing representation among immi- Chengdu, China, last weekend. even sending health workers to ter weekend, and people began Some D.J.s were less optimistic. green cards to prevent people grants is so high in the United Martin Garrix, described as the test the drugs the participants asking for their money back. Mr. “I’m pretty sure I won’t be doing from immigrating to the United States. world’s No. 2 D.J., performs at were taking to avoid overdoses. Veldhuis said he was amazingly any gigs this year,” said Joris States, backing away from his Last summer, the Fairness for around 150 such events a year. But And from the industry, they lucky. Voorn, 43, enumerating the rea- harder-edged plans to suspend High-Skilled Immigrants Act, now, because of the coronavirus, prospered mightily. “The Dutch “When we renewed our insur- sons. “No. 1: I fly around the guest worker programs after busi- which sought to address the back- electronic dance music parties used to ply the seven seas with ance policies, one of my employ- world. No. 2: I play in front of tens ness groups erupted in anger at log by eliminating country quotas, and festivals across the world are ships, now they were flying ees sort of accidentally ticked the of thousands of people,” he said. the prospect of losing labor from sailed through the House. But it over, even in Mr. Garrix’s home around in private jets with digital ‘pandemic’ box on the insurance “Unless there is a miracle, I don’t countries like India. stalled in the Senate, where critics country, the Netherlands, where beats,” Mr. van Bergen said. form,” he said. “We’re getting think these two things will be pos- But as millions of Americans like Senator Dick Durbin, Demo- they are an important export The coronavirus caught the roughly 70 percent of our $2.3 mil- sible anywhere this year and per- file for unemployment, flooding crat of Illinois, argued that the bill product, an $8 billion industry em- Dutch dance entrepreneurs com- lion investment back. Otherwise it haps not next year.” would not solve the problem be- ploying around 100,000 people, ac- pletely off guard. Months before would have been quite a blow.” In Amsterdam, an optimistic cause it does not increase the cording to Event Makers, an in- the pandemic, when Tom Veld- As festivals began to be can- Mr. Garrix was already looking overall number of green cards. dustry group. huis, 40 and a co-founder of celed around the globe, many of forward to the time when he could For many in specialty Many Indian citizens said the As of Tuesday, all shows and fes- Apenkooi Events, started ticket the D.J.s found themselves ma- perform before a live audience jobs, an ‘upending of back-and-forth was exhausting. tivals have been canceled until at sales for his company’s flagship rooned. Sam Feldt, 26, had been once again. “I likely won’t receive a green least Sept. 1. Such is the promi- festival DGTL, he sold more than looking forward to his set at the “Just think of the massive re- life by a tweet.’ card in this lifetime unless the nence of the business in the 45,000 in short order. Avant Gardner in Brooklyn on lease, the energy and sense of laws change,” said Somak Netherlands that the cancellation “Things went so well that I de- March 13 but President Trump freedom at the first party after co- Goswami, an electrical engineer was announced by the prime min- cided to take two weeks of for the started closing America’s borders. ronavirus,” he said. “It’s going to who applied for a green card in ister, Mark Rutte, in a news con- birth of my son, Nathan, in mid- “My show got canceled and I be fantastic and insane. I can’t food banks and hospitals, foreign 2011. “I have colleagues who came ference. February,” he said. found a seat on one of the last wait.” workers worry that the pandemic to the U.S. in 2017 and have a Dutch D.J.s, who normally will uproot them sooner rather green card already. My only fault roam the globe in private jets, now than later. was I was born in India.” sit home wondering if this is the Immigrant groups warn that Analysts said immigration re- end of their profession. Dutch fes- driven by what they call the strictions could strain the delicate tival goers not only face a dance- Trump administration’s protec- but increasingly amicable rela- less summer but now have $1 bil- tionist impulses, the United States tionship between India and the lion in advance tickets and no could purge some of its most tal- United States, the world’s most guarantee of refunds. populous democracies. ented workers, cutting into the vi- “Without a doubt this is the wis- In recent months, Mr. Trump brant multiculturalism that has est thing to do,” Mr. Garrix said. and Prime Minister Narendra made the United States such an “But I’ll miss the adrenaline, Modi of India have sought to build attractive destination for decades. bringing thousands of people to- an even stronger alliance, trading “I cannot tell you the panic this gether, performing.” compliments about each other on- has caused in the legal immigra- At 23, Mr. Garrix is a multimil- tion community,” Nandini Nair, an stage at glittering events in Hous- ton and Ahmedabad, India. lionaire with 17 million fans on In- immigration lawyer based in New stagram, but now he is at home, Jersey, said of Mr. Trump’s “up- Milan Vaishnav, the director of the South Asia Program at the with his parents, who temporarily ending of life by a tweet.” moved in with him. Further immigration restric- Carnegie Endowment for Interna- He hadn’t seen them for this tions could have particularly tional Peace in Washington, said, long a period since he started Our updated classic: acute consequences for India, “Any action that appears to in- touring at 16. “It’s a different life, which sends thousands of highly fringe on the mobility of Indians the 14kt gold Byzantine bracelet we make puzzles and pancakes,” skilled workers to the United or Indian-Americans will be he said. States every year and counts a strongly resisted.” four-million-strong diaspora in “Suffice it to say, this will not go The dance festivals have be- Beautifully crafted by our Italian goldsmiths. the country, representing one of over well in India,” he said of come a fixture of modern life in the the largest contingents of immi- stricter immigration controls. Netherlands, where there are Timeless Byzantine links are refreshed with more of them per capita than any- grants to the United States. “Prime Minister Modi has made a larger scale and domed profile. A bold Visa programs like H-1B help fill outreach to the diaspora commu- where in the world, said Mark van specialty positions at companies nity in America and elsewhere a Bergen, a lecturer in the dance in- yet refined 14kt gold bracelet. like Google, Apple and Facebook. cornerstone of his foreign policy.” dustry at Fontys University of Ap- Indian-Americans are some of the In India, Ms. Nagar, who is stay- plied Sciences at Tilburg, and a country’s most successful and ing with her parents in the state of writer on electronic dance music. wealthiest immigrants, with a Uttar Pradesh, said she was try- All told, the country had 422 festi- particular stronghold in Silicon ing to remain hopeful. vals in 2018, he said. Valley’s start-up scene. But with international airspace “Whenever there is dance mu- These days, Harkamal Singh largely closed, embassies shut for sic, you’ll find the Dutch,” said Mr. Khural, 34, a software developer visa processing and the added Garrix, whose real name is Mar- living in an Atlanta suburb, said stress of immigration restrictions, tijn Garritsen. he was barely sleeping. Even if the she worried that the extension of Most of the larger festivals, government did not push him out, her H-1B visa might be further de- such as Mysteryland, Tomorrow- he said a volatile job market layed, prolonging the separation land, Awakenings and Defqon 1, meant his immigration status was from her family and raising the easily sell out months in advance, already tenuous. possibility they may have to leave attracting over 50,000 visitors a The company that sponsors his the United States entirely. day, usually for one or two days. H-1B visa has already let go of half Over a video call, Ms. Nagar’s “The dance festivals are hedon- of his team. His two daughters are daughter, a kindergarten student, istic, it’s a weekend escaping from United States citizens, meaning it told her: “Mommy, when the virus it all and so much better than a was possible that his family could dies, you’ll come. I’ll wait for the regular club,” said Gaby Strelzyn, get separated. virus to die.” When video conver- 44, a translator who said she had “I am afraid of losing every- sations with her daughter end, bought almost $550 worth of tick- thing,” Mr. Khural said. “This is Ms. Nagar said she sometimes ets for seven different festivals for not really about a job. It is about lies in bed and cries. the coming months. “I won’t miss dreams.” “In the U.S., you have the whole standing in those long lines to get For now, programs like H-1B world working together toward a drinks or go to the bathroom, but are unlikely to be immediately af- common goal,” she said. “You can- probably at the end of summer fected by the new restrictions. But not find that diversity anywhere we’ll even miss those!” on Tuesday, Mr. Trump left open else. I love this country.” As Dutch D.J.s like Mr. Garrix, $ Tiesto, Ferry Corsten and Armin van Buuren have become global 1,195 brands, filling stadiums with their Plus Free Shipping one-man shows, the concept has drawn interest from U.S. enter- 14kt Gold Domed Byzantine Link Bracelet from Italy tainment companies such as 1 3 LiveStyle and Live Nation who 7 ⁄2" length. ⁄4" wide. Box clasp. 1 have invested in Dutch festival or- Also available in 8 ⁄2" $1,295 ganizers such as ID&T. “We are an open country where Shown larger for detail. creativity and music are em- braced and appreciated,” said Ritty van Stralen, the chief execu- Ross-Simons Item #770154 tive for ID&T. “But we also make 80 percent of all revenues in the To receive this special offer, use offer code: STRIKING30 summer months. I am expecting that sector wide the turnover will 1.800.556.7376 or visit ross-simons.com/striking be halved and that we’ll lose around 50,000 jobs.” In collaboration with the Italian Trade Agency, the Ministry SASHA MASLOV FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES While the Dutch descend from THE EXTRAORDINARY of Economic Development and Confindustria-Federorafi Families at a Hindu temple in New York City in 2016. Indians are Calvinists, the Netherlands is the ITALIAN JEWELRY one of the largest immigrant groups in the United States. home of legalized marijuana and A6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

Tracking an Outbreak Global Response

A WIDENING FOOD CRISIS 135 Million Face Starvation. The Pandemic Could Double That. for East Africa at the Interna- From Page A1 tional Rescue Committee. posing how deeply unequal this Ahmad Bayoush, a construc- country is.” tion worker who had been dis- Already, 135 million people had placed to Idlib Province in north- been facing acute food shortages, ern Syria, said he and many oth- but now with the pandemic, 130 ers had signed up to receive food million more could go hungry in from aid groups, but that it had yet 2020, said Arif Husain, chief econ- to arrive. omist at the World Food Program, “I am expecting real hunger if it a United Nations agency. Alto- continues like this in the north,” he gether, an estimated 265 million said. people could be pushed to the The pandemic is also slowing brink of starvation by year’s end. efforts to deal with the historic lo- “We’ve never seen anything cust plague that has been ravag- like this before,” Mr. Husain said. ing the East and Horn of Africa. “It wasn’t a pretty picture to begin The outbreak is the worst the re- with, but this makes it truly un- gion has seen in decades and precedented and uncharted terri- comes on the heels of a year tory.” marked by extreme droughts and The world has experienced se- floods. But the arrival of billions of vere hunger crises before, but new swarms could further deepen those were regional and caused by food insecurity, said Cyril Fer- one factor or another — extreme rand, head of the Food and Agri- weather, economic downturns, culture Organization’s resilience wars or political instability. team in eastern Africa. This hunger crisis, experts say, Travel bans and airport clo- is global and caused by a multi- sures, Mr. Ferrand said, are inter- tude of factors linked to the coro- rupting the supply of pesticides navirus pandemic and the ensu- that could help limit the locust ing interruption of the economic population and save pastureland order: the sudden loss in income and crops. for countless millions who were As many go hungry, there is already living hand-to-mouth; the concern in a number of countries collapse in oil prices; widespread that food shortages will lead to so- shortages of hard currency from cial discord. In Colombia, resi- tourism drying up; overseas dents of the coastal state of La workers not having earnings to Guajira have begun blocking send home; and ongoing prob- TYLER HICKS/THE NEW YORK TIMES roads to call attention to their lems like climate change, vio- KENYA The Kibera shantytown in Nairobi, where residents already live in extreme poverty. Lockdowns have led to more hunger. need for food. In South Africa, riot- lence, population dislocations and ers have broken into neighbor- humanitarian disasters. hood food kiosks and faced off Already, from Honduras to with the police. South Africa to India, protests and And even charitable food give- looting have broken out amid frus- aways can expose people to the vi- trations from lockdowns and wor- rus when throngs appear, as hap- ries about hunger. With classes pened in Nairobi’s shantytown of shut down, over 368 million chil- Kibera this month. dren have lost the nutritious “People called each other and meals and snacks they normally came rushing,” said Valentine receive in school. Akinyi, who works at the district There is no shortage of food government office where the food globally, or mass starvation from was distributed. “People have lost the pandemic — yet. But logistical jobs. It showed you how hungry problems in planting, harvesting they are.” and transporting food will leave To assuage the impact of this poor countries exposed in the crisis, some governments are fix- coming months, especially those ing prices on food items, deliver- reliant on imports, said Johan ing free food and putting in place REBECCA CONWAY FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES JIM HUYLEBROEK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES Swinnen, director general of the plans to send money transfers to International Food Policy Re- INDIA Thousands are lining up twice a day for meals in New AFGHANISTAN The Mandawi wholesale market in central Kabul the poorest households. search Institute in Washington. Delhi, where hunger is a more immediate threat than the virus. was busy as usual, while coronavirus cases were increasing. Yet communities across the While the system of food distri- world are also taking matters into bution and retailing in rich nations worldwide. This is especially true “We are already thinking of sell- On a recent evening, hundreds Refugees and people living in their own hands. Some are raising is organized and automated, he for economies like Sudan and Zim- ing things that we don’t use in the of migrant workers, who have conflict zones are likely to be hit money through crowdfunding said, systems in developing coun- babwe that were struggling be- house to be able to eat,” said Mr. been stuck in New Delhi after a the hardest. platforms, while others have be- tries are “labor intensive,” making fore the outbreak, or those like Bastardo, 25, a security guard. “I lockdown was imposed in March The curfews and restrictions on gun programs to buy meals for “these supply chains much more Iran that have increasingly used have neighbors who don’t have with little warning, sat under the movement are already devastat- needy families. vulnerable to Covid-19 and social oil revenues to finance critical food, and I’m worried that if pro- shade of a bridge waiting for food ing the meager incomes of dis- On a recent afternoon, Ms. Jaf- distancing regulations.” goods like food and medicine. tests start, we wouldn’t be able to to arrive. The Delhi government placed people in Uganda and Ethi- far and a group of volunteers Yet even if there is no major In Venezuela, the pandemic get out of here.” has set up soup kitchens, yet opia, the delivery of seeds and made their way through Kibera, surge in food prices, the food secu- could deal a devastating blow to Uncertainty over food is also workers like Nihal Singh go hun- farming tools in South Sudan and bringing items like sugar, flour, rity situation for poor people is millions already living in the building in India, where daily- gry as the throngs at these centers the distribution of food aid in the rice and sanitary pads to dozens of likely to deteriorate significantly world’s largest economic collapse wage workers with little or no so- have increased in recent days. Central African Republic. Con- families. A native of the area her- outside wartime. cial safety net face a future where “Instead of coronavirus, the tainment measures in Niger, self, Ms. Jaffar said she started the Reporting was contributed by In the sprawling Petare slum on hunger is a more immediate hunger will kill us,” said Mr. Singh, which hosts almost 60,000 refu- food drive after hearing so many Anatoly Kurmanaev and Isayen the outskirts of the capital, Cara- threat than the virus. who was hoping to eat his first gees fleeing conflict in Mali, have stories from families who said Herrera from Caracas, Venezuela; cas, a nationwide lockdown has As wages have dried up, half a meal in a day. Migrants waiting in led to surges in the pricing of food, they and their children were going Paulina Villegas from Mexico City; left Freddy Bastardo and five oth- million people are estimated to food lines have fought each other according to the International to sleep hungry. Julie Turkewitz from Bogotá, Co- ers in his household without jobs. have left cities to walk home, set- over a plate of rice and lentils. Mr. Rescue Committee. The food drive has so far lombia; Ben Hubbard and Hwaida Their government-supplied ra- ting off the nation’s “largest mass Singh said he was ashamed to beg The effects of the restrictions reached 500 families. But with all Saad from Beirut, Lebanon; tions, which had arrived only once migration since independence,” for food but had no other option. “may cause more suffering than the calls for assistance she’s get- Sameer Yasir from New Delhi; and every two months before the cri- said Amitabh Behar, the chief ex- “The lockdown has trampled on the disease itself,” said Kurt ting, she said, “that’s a drop in the Hannah Beech from Bangkok. sis, have long run out. ecutive of Oxfam India. our dignity,” he said. Tjossem, regional vice president ocean.”

DIPLOMACY leader exchanges that China has long sought to prevent. In Decem- ber 2016, for example, China de- nounced Ms. Tsai’s congratula- Taiwan, Often Shut Out, tory phone call to Donald J. Trump, then the president-elect. There are risks in Taiwan’s Pushes Back With Aid campaign. Chinese officials were already angered when, in the By JAVIER C. HERNÁNDEZ countries. The island stands out early days of the epidemic, Tai- and CHRIS HORTON for having avoided painful and wan shut its borders to visitors from the mainland, Hong Kong costly lockdowns by moving TAIPEI, Taiwan — They are and Macau, and imposed a ban on quickly to impose travel restric- sending millions of masks, embla- the export of masks. The island tions, screen visitors and deploy zoned with the words “made in could further antagonize China at protective gear that it had stock- Taiwan,” to the United States, Ita- a time when the ruling Commu- piled for years. Taiwan has even ly and other countries hit hard by nist Party is pushing through been able to continue with its the coronavirus. They are de- hard-line actions, including mass baseball season, albeit without nouncing Taiwan’s exclusion from surveillance efforts in the main- the World Health Organization. the crowds, holding its opening land and a crackdown on pro-de- They are flaunting celebrity en- game this month. mocracy activists in Hong Kong. dorsements and creating hash- Taiwan’s diplomatic and public Beijing has shown no signs of tags like #TaiwanCanHelp. relations campaign is drawing fire easing its aggression toward Tai- Officials in Taiwan are attempt- from Beijing, which has dismissed wan, sending warships into the ing to turn their success in bat- the effort as an attempt to “seek waters off its coast. tling the coronavirus at home into independence under the pretext Chinese officials have accused a geopolitical win. Taiwan is com- of the pandemic.” Taiwan of working to “make reck- peting with China on pandemic Taiwan’s push for greater global less political maneuvers and hype aid diplomacy in defiance of Bei- recognition has in large part been BEN BLANCHARD/REUTERS up” its participation in global or- jing’s efforts to isolate the self- an effort to raise questions about A ceremony in Taipei, Taiwan, for the donation of thermal-imaging cameras to Taiwan’s allies. ganizations. “Their scheme will ruled democratic island that it the cost of China’s campaign to never succeed,” Zhao Lijian, a claims as its own. The island is isolate the island diplomatically. spokesman for the Chinese for- and that it has allowed Taiwan to to countries hit hard by the pan- pation and the scrutiny of the promoting itself as a model of de- China has worked to shut Taiwan eign ministry, said this month. participate in trainings and re- demic will help reshape the narra- press. mocracy to try to undercut Chi- out of groups like the World Now some in Taiwan worry that search conferences related to the tive and deflect from questions na’s own campaign to use the cri- Health Organization, a U.N. When China last month ex- Beijing might more severely re- sis to tout the strength of its au- agency, denying it access to scien- virus. about how its initial efforts to con- pelled reporters from three Amer- strict trade with the island. ceal it made the pandemic worse. thoritarian system. tific briefings and emergency The debate over Taiwan’s exclu- ican news organizations, includ- “Politically, we want to keep a The world is responding. Amer- meetings. sion has at times been heated. Taiwan, a major manufacturer of ing The New York Times, Taiwan’s distance. But economically it’s ican and European officials have Mr. Chen, the vice president, The director-general of the masks and other hospital equip- foreign minister, Joseph Wu, very difficult,” said Alex Chiang, a praised Taiwan’s donations of said that Taiwan had been “left as W.H.O., Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghe- ment, is offering an alternative sought to use the opportunity to retired professor of diplomacy at more than 10 million masks. Poli- an orphan” because of China. breyesus, facing criticism from source of aid — and winning acco- burnish Taiwan’s credentials as a National Chengchi University in ticians, business leaders and ce- “No country can fight Covid-19 the Trump administration and lades for its response. On Tuesday, bastion of free speech. On Twitter, Taipei. “After the Covid crisis is lebrities, including Bill Gates and alone,” said Mr. Chen, an epidemi- others that he is too deferential to for instance, the foreign minister he welcomed the reporters to over, we still have to go to China Barbra Streisand, have hailed the ologist by training. He said the is- China, has accused Taiwan of un- of Lithuania praised Taiwan’s do- move to Taiwan, “a country that is and cooperate with Chinese busi- island as exemplary in its fight land wanted “a chance to share leashing racist attacks against nations as a “genuine act of soli- a beacon of freedom & democra- nesspeople in order to get eco- against the coronavirus. our knowledge and experience him online. Taiwan’s president, darity.” cy.” nomic recovery started.” “We can see that this is a good and our technologies with other Tsai Ing-wen, has rejected Dr. Taiwan has even sought to use Even Ms. Tsai, the president, Taiwan’s citizens say they are opportunity for us to let people countries.” Tedros’s claims and her govern- the pandemic to promote its man- has adopted a more public diplo- trying to ignore the mainland’s know that Taiwan is a good global While Taiwan’s push for a great- ment has said that the online at- ufacturing prowess, pledging to matic strategy, casting aside her threats. citizen,” Taiwan’s vice president, er voice in the health agency has tacks were coordinated by Bei- export mask-making machines by usual approach of working behind Many have in recent days Chen Chien-jen, said this week in drawn supportive comments from jing. early August. the scenes in reaching out to for- joined the effort to raise the is- an interview in Taipei. “We have officials in the United States, Ja- The island wants to push a sim- More broadly, Taiwan has eign leaders. land’s profile, helping spread to fight for our participation.” pan, Canada and elsewhere, ex- ple message: “Taiwan Can Help.” tapped into rising concerns She has in recent days traded hashtags like #TaiwanCanHelp Taiwan, with a population of 23 perts say it is unlikely to result in But underlying it is a multifaceted around the world about the costs messages of encouragement on and organizing crowdfunding million, has reported 426 cases of any immediate breakthroughs. effort to challenge Beijing in the of the Chinese Communist Party’s Twitter with Japan’s prime min- campaigns to buy advertisements coronavirus and six deaths as of The W.H.O. has said that the ques- realm of coronavirus aid diplo- penchant for secrecy. In contrast, ister, Shinzo Abe. Such conversa- in Western news outlets highlight- Wednesday, far fewer than many tion of Taiwan’s membership in macy. Taiwan has presented its govern- tions, which have been widely ing the island’s successes. the agency is up to member Beijing hopes that deliveries of ment as one that exudes confi- shared on social media sites, rep- “Who can isolate Taiwan?” said Albee Zhang contributed research. states, not the W.H.O.’s leaders, masks, ventilators and other aid dence as it welcomes civic partici- resent the kind of public leader-to- a website they started. “No one.” THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N A7

Tracking an Outbreak Global Response

POLAND AND HUNGARY Along With a Windfall, Two Authoritarian Regimes Get a Power Boost By STEVEN ERLANGER At the same time, Poland’s gov- demic had exposed “the weakness BRUSSELS — Authoritarian- ernment is pushing ahead with of the European Union” and the minded leaders around the world changes to the courts, creating a need for reform, proving “the cru- have used the coronavirus emer- chamber of “extraordinary con- cial significance of nation states,” gency to consolidate power. In Eu- trol” that will be charged with cer- whose “internal affairs should not rope, the governments of Poland tifying the elections. Nor is it clear be interfered with.” and Hungary have done that and if Warsaw will bow to a ruling by The government insists the more. They have managed to turn the European Court of Justice, the election will go ahead despite the the crisis into a windfall and pun- highest in the European Union, or- lockdown. ish their political opponents, too. dering it to suspend a new “disci- President Andrzej Duda, In a hasty effort to show that it plinary chamber” of the Supreme backed by Law and Justice, has was doing something to help dur- Court. had a prominent role in the virus ing the virus crisis, the European Last Friday, the European Par- response and holds a significant Union repurposed 37 billion euros liament passed a resolution criti- lead over five challengers, hover- — about $40 billion — in structural cizing the activities of both gov- ing close to the 50 percent needed aid funds, designed to help newer ernments during the coronavirus to win in the first round. and poorer members, for virus crisis as “totally incompatible With large public demonstra- aid. The result: Hungary and Po- with European values.” tions impossible, Parliament is land each got considerably more Not for the first time, Parlia- also pushing ahead bills restrict- money than virus-ravaged Italy ment called on the European Com- ing abortion and sex education, or Spain. mission, the bloc’s executive arm, which caused huge protests in the Rather than punish two govern- and the national government past. ments that have challenged the leaders who gather as the Euro- “It’s absolutely impossible to democratic values at the heart of pean Council to revive a sanctions organize a fair postal voting in the the European project, the warped procedure that could result in both time frame we have,” said Jan allocation of the money, with little countries losing their voting Grabiec, spokesman for Civic oversight or requirement to re- rights. Platform, the main opposition spect the rule of law, looked more But the resolution is effectively party. “The government is setting like a reward. toothless, and sanctions require AGENCJA GAZETA, VIA REUTER up an election that will most likely It raised fresh questions about unanimity, with Poland and Hun- The Law and Justice Party of Jaroslaw Kaczynski is tightening its control of the Polish Parliament. be questioned by state and Euro- the European Union’s reluctance gary each promising to veto sanc- pean authorities.” to criticize two governments that tions aimed at the other. Judge Sylwester Marciniak, continue to flout the European Instead, the commission has very day, March 30, that the Hun- heads of state and government government has been careful not head of the National Electoral standards of democracy and rule provided them even more money. garian Parliament, citing the vi- has not wanted to confront one of do anything under the emergency Commission, warned against last- of law. According to the European Sta- rus, gave Mr. Orban the right to its own. “The E.U. provides decree that it could not have done minute changes to facilitate postal Prime Minister Viktor Orban of bility Initiative, a research insti- rule indefinitely by decree. money without accountability,” he otherwise. “But what has been elections. Hungary is exercising emergency tute, Italy got €2.3 billion, while Mr. Orban has since taken over said. done so far has been pretty horri- His predecessor, Judge Woj- powers granted to him by the Par- Hungary, with a sixth of its popu- a publicly controlled company and The European Union, which is ble,” he said. ciech Hermelinski, was more ex- liament he dominates to deny op- lation and fewer virus cases, got declared land used by a Samsung traditionally reluctant to interfere Hungary’s justice minister, Ju- plicit. position mayors sizable tax re- €5.6 billion — 3.9 percent of its factory to be a “special economic in domestic politics, must begin to dit Varga, has accused Brussels of “It’s against all rules,” he told ceipts in the name of new virus gross domestic product. Poland zone” — taking away its tax re- add conditions to its vast structur- double standards. “They are con- the broadcaster TVN24. “Those funding controlled by the central got €7.4 billion. ceipts, which provided one-third al aid funds, Mr. Knaus said. demning us on the basis of false elections will not be universal, government. Gerald Knaus, a founder of the of the municipal budget to a town, Those should include respect for accusations,’’ she told the Hun- equal, anonymous. They will have Poland’s government, led by the group and a critic of undemocratic Göd, run by the opposition, and democracy, the rule of law and the garian news agency MTI, point- no chance of being recognized not Law and Justice Party of Jaroslaw politics in Hungary and Poland, giving them to the Pest County European Court of Justice, he ing out that Parliament continues only in the country, but mainly by Kaczynski, is planning to go ahead said it was an absurd distortion Council, where his party has the said, noting that even the Mar- to remain in session. international organizations.” with presidential elections on May that should lead to “a wake-up majority. shall Plan, designed by Washing- But there is little doubt that Mr. But given the virus, Mr. Kaczyn- 10, despite a virus lockdown that call’’ for Brussels. Mr. Orban also suspended park- ton to help rebuild Europe after Orban’s tactics have served as a ski told state-run Polish Radio prevents opposition candidates While the commission admitted ing fees and put motor-vehicle World War II, had political condi- model for Mr. Kaczynski in Po- that this would be the only way to from campaigning effectively. The that this was not “an optimal allo- taxes into a virus fund, said R. tions attached. land. hold safe elections. He himself government is pushing a bill to re- cation,” Mr. Knaus said that “it Daniel Kelemen, a professor of po- Mr. Kelemen agrees, noting that Law and Justice has pushed a suggested that the ballot could not quire all 30 million or so votes to was, however, a perfect deal for litical science and law at Rutgers Hungary is no longer character- similar narrative, saying that be postponed for a year, because be cast by postal ballot, which the Viktor Orban,” who only three University. “He’s finding ways to ized as a full democracy by groups Warsaw has been left to fend for by then Poland would be strug- postal union says is absurd and days before had claimed that the punish the opposition,” Mr. Kele- like Freedom House, while Mr. Or- itself because European institu- gling with an economic crisis and impossible. European Union had “done noth- men said. ban creates what he calls an “illib- tions are helpless, no aid is forth- Mr. Duda’s chances of winning ing” for Hungary during the cri- “The commission has done eral’’ state. coming and European “solidarity” would be slimmer. Joanna Berendt contributed re- sis. nothing meaningful to stand up to Peter Kreko, director of Politi- is a myth. “People always blame the au- porting from Warsaw, and Monika The irony, Mr. Knaus said, was Orban but has helped him,” Mr. cal Capital, a Budapest research Mr. Kaczynski told the newspa- thorities under such circum- Pronczuk contributed research. that the funds were released the Kelemen said, while the council of institution, said that so far the per Gazeta Polska that the pan- stances,” he said.

HAITI BRACES FOR SURGE A New Disaster Looms For a Battered Nation

By CATHERINE PORTER gloves. and IANTHE JEANNE DUGAN Dr. Daniel Fitzgerald, who The man stood in line, shaking works with Gheskio and is the di- with fever, one of countless others rector for the Center for Global trying to cross the border and re- Health at Weill Cornell Medicine, turn to Haiti. said he expected tens of thou- A doctor screening them for co- sands of people to become sick in ronavirus infection pulled him Haiti. aside. Like thousands of Haitians, “It’s just a question of time,” he he had been laid off in the Domi- said. nican Republic, which has been hit Dr. Pape’s team has been franti- hard by Covid-19, the disease cally drafting a treatment protocol caused by the coronavirus. that is both effective and realistic Now he and the other Haitians for a country like Haiti. Learning were returning home, threatening from the experience of the United to bring the virus with them. States, where a majority of pa- The coronavirus has been slow tients on ventilators have died, Dr. to come to Haiti, partly because Pape is focusing on treating pa- protests and political violence vir- tients with oxygen. tually shut down tourism and Dr. Pape estimates that the drove away the foreigners who country will need 6,000 beds dedi- could have brought the disease to cated to Covid-19 patients. “Now, I the country. have not even 100,” he said. A month after the first case was But the plan, which requires announced, there had been only trained staff, personal protective 58 confirmed cases and four equipment, as well as oxygen, is deaths. Prime Minister Joseph costly. Dr. Pape estimates the first Jouthe last week congratulated month alone will cost about $30 the country and announced that million — about half of what the factories would reopen at reduced Haitian government spends on PHOTOGRAPHS BY CHERY DIEU-NALIO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES capacity, a rare bit of encourage- health care in a year. Dr. Pape and Although there have been relatively few confirmed cases so far, ment for a nation that has been a panel co-chairman, Dr. Lauré Dr. Jean William Pape is expecting trouble for Haiti, where lashed by tragedy — with a deadly Adrien, who is the director of the many people live in packed slums and lack access to clean water. hurricane, a cholera outbreak and Ministry of Public Health and a horrific earthquake in just the Population, are sorting out details back home each day from the Do- country would be spared by the past decade. and funding. minican Republic, said Giuseppe unpredictable virus, which But with the influx of workers The International Monetary Loprete, the chief of mission for seemed to strike rich northern returning from the Dominican Re- Fund announced $111 million in fi- the International Organization for countries, and was said to not public, where there have been nancing to help Haiti with “health- Migration in Haiti. Doctors have flourish in the heat and humidity around 5,000 cases and 250 related expenditures and income been screening at four official bor- of countries like Haiti. deaths, the odds are stacked support,” and the State Depart- der checkpoints, but not at dozens against Haiti and its weak health ment and the U.S. Agency for In- But watching it erupt in the Do- of illegal crossings. system, warned a presidential ternational Development commit- minican Republic next door, he panel run by Dr. Jean William ted $13.2 million. As Dr. Pape and his team furi- worries it could become compara- Pape, a widely respected doctor Local businesses have donated, ously prepare a countrywide re- ble to the cholera epidemic that, who is racing to set up centers to and some foreign nonprofit orga- sponse, hospitals have been left to starting in 2010, ripped through treat Covid-19 patients. nizations are raising money that, their own devices. Haiti’s slums and burgeoning tent “This monster is coming our given the recent U.S. ban on ex- In Port-au-Prince, a century-old camps, infecting more than way,” said Dr. Pape, who runs Gh- porting medical supplies, and the French hospital that was caught in 820,000. That came months after eskio, a large AIDS and TB clinic increase in costs that followed, the crossfire of gang warfare for an earthquake that left between in Port-au-Prince, the capital. “If a needs to stretch further. manity. prevention is the best cure. two years shut down altogether 220,000 and 316,000 people dead. place like New York can be so “It’s more expensive but it was “People don’t believe it because Dr. Pape has trained more than after its first suspected case. Although aid workers and bil- overwhelmed, how is Haiti going the only way we could do it,” said it’s coming from the government,” 1,000 people to go door to door, “The situation created a panic,” lions of dollars poured into Haiti, to deal with this?” Geoffrey Boutros, a Miami-based said Karl Jean-Louis, a Haitian en- seeking out anyone with symp- said Dr. Jean Venèse Joseph, the vowing to “build back better,” the Most Haitians lack access to broker who arranged for masks trepreneur who interviewed toms and urging them to go to the medical director at the hospital. dreams of planned communities, clean water, let alone soap, and and gloves to be shipped to Gh- workers and vendors along Port- hospital. Crews are delivering “Coronavirus came and worsened public health care and free schools many live in tightly packed slums eskio directly from China. au-Prince’s crowded streets. tubs of water and hand soap in the a situation that was already bad.” remain dreams 10 years later, where self-isolation is physically A big challenge is convincing Some claimed the epidemic was a slums, where people normally Not far away, the founder of St. leaving many Haitians skeptical. impossible. Protests over govern- Haitians the epidemic poses a real ruse for the government to make buy water by the bucket. And Luke Hospital, Father Richard This time, as countries around ment corruption shut down the threat. money from aid agencies. Others through loudspeakers, they’re Frechette, converted an old hospi- the world fight their own battle country last fall, barricading A month after Haiti’s president said staying home was impossi- urging people to wash their hands. tal building — last used to treat against the virus, Haitians do not roads and crippling the already announced an emergency, ban- ble, as they had to work to feed Experts say Haiti’s current low cholera patients — into a 40-bed expect aid. fragile economy, leaving even ning gatherings of more than 10 their families. number of infections partly re- Covid-19 ward. Instead of face “We do not have hundreds of fewer people with enough re- and closing schools, the converted More than half of the population flects the country’s dysfunction. shields, he outfitted staff with the NGOs here and there, doing sources to quarantine. pickup trucks that run as private lives hand-to-mouth, earning less Protests and gang warfare drove snorkels and welders’ masks he things. It’s not the same,” said The nation’s health care system buses — known as tap taps — are than $2.41 per day, according to away would-be visitors, and with found at a local market. He has Franck Généus, president of the is so threadbare that Haitians reg- still jammed with people. the World Bank. them the potential of importing commissioned tailors to fashion association of private hospitals ularly die of easily treatable ail- And while the upscale super- While recovering from the virus. Kidnappings have be- 15,000 masks out of bathrobes for that provides about 40 percent of ments like diarrhea, and public markets that cater to Haiti’s elite Covid-19, a couple in Haiti’s rural come so chronic that the United use in non-Covid areas. Haiti’s health care. The group has hospitals often have to charge pa- now offer customers hand-clean- south became so stigmatized that States issued a “do not travel” “Rich countries are hoarding all offered 300 beds to coronavirus tients for basics like syringes and ing stations and demand they Dr. Inobert Pierre, director of St. warning in early March. the stuff,” said Father Frechette, patients, at a cost of $200 a day. wear masks, the open markets Boniface Hospital, sent a car with But those conditions are chang- who is also a doctor and built the “Basically we are alone,” he Harold Isaac contributed report- that serve the country’s poor re- loudspeakers blaring: Covid-19 is ing. Over recent weeks, thou- country’s only children’s hospital. said. “For once, we need to solve ing. main a cacophony of jostling hu- not a crime; it can strike anybody; sands of Haitians have flooded Until recently, he hoped the this ourselves.” A8 0 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

Tracking an Outbreak Latin America

How a Port City in Ecuador Became a Hot Spot in the Pandemic The Country Took Early Aggressive Measures to Stop the Virus, But Ended Up an Epicenter in Latin America

IVAN CASTANEIRA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES The family of a 77-year-old man who died at home of Covid-19-like symptoms watching as forensic police verify and collect his remains. Family members had called for medical help, but the man was dead by the time the ambulance arrived hours later.

By BRENT McDONALD, LISE JOSEFSEN HERMANN and IVAN CASTANEIRA Many people in Guayaquil, Ecuador, blame the government for failing to slow the spread of the new coronavirus, and to deal with the thousands of bodies that have piled up in the aftermath.1 Guayaquil has suffered arguably the worst Covid death toll in Latin Amer- ica. Ecuador had acted earlier than its neighbors to close borders and order strict quar- antine. So what went wrong? From the start, the one-two punch of rapid contagion and the ensuing death toll caught local and national officials off guard. On Feb. 27, doctors in Guayaquil diagnosed the country’s first covid-19 patient, Bella Lamilla,2 a 71-year-old retired teacher otherwise known as “Patient Zero.”

1 Outside a public hospital in Guayaquil, a family seals the DR. ESTEBAN ORTIZ-PRADO3 6 Guayaquil has suffered the most aggressive outbreak of coffin of their father with plastic wrap. The man’s brother- She was living in Spain, and she came through the Guayaquil Airport, and she coronavirus in Latin America. Forensic police work around in-law said they had to buy protective gear to reclaim the drove through her hometown. the clock to collect hundreds of bodies from homes and body, and that doctors had told them the man had died of She visited all of her relatives. She went back to Guayaquil and found medical hospitals. They conduct oral autopsies with family mem- lung failure. “The same they tell everybody,” he said. The services in Guayaquil in a private clinic. She got really bad. She got in the I.C.U.. bers to get a more accurate count on the presumed death deceased was never tested for Covid-19. Five days later, she got the diagnosis. So two doctors from that first clinic also got toll. Most of the dead were never tested for Covid-19. tested positive. Because nobody knew about it.

It took 13 days to diagnose Lamilla with the coronavirus. In that time, she infected many other people, including much of her family.4 In all, three family members died, including Bella herself.

DR. ESTEBAN ORTIZ-PRADO She totally infected 17 people, confirmed. But we know that the culture in Ecuador, before getting the diagnosis could have spread the virus more. We lost track right there.

After she arrived to Ecuador, Lamilla stayed in the home of her niece Cassandra in the town of Babahoyo.

2 Bella Lamilla was Ecuador’s first confirmed case, their CASSANDRA LAMILLA5 7 Dr. Juan Carlos Zevallos, Ecuador’s health minister, “Patient Zero.” She was a retired teacher who moved to She never knew what disease she had. And still many on social media point to my acknowledged the government should have done more to Spain and, as she did every year, returned to visit her aunt as if she were to blame for bringing the coronavirus to Ecuador. As soon as we test and track patients arriving from Europe. Ecuadorians family in February. She arrived at the Guayaquil airport on learned about the coronavirus diagnosis, we took it upon ourselves to self-isolate, are one of the largest immigrant groups in Spain. He also Feb. 14 feeling feverish, according to her family. without any protocols or requirements from the Health Ministry. faulted Guayaquil residents for not heeding the quarantine and compounding the spread. Bella Lamilla was certainly not the only case at that time. There were at least six other flights from Madrid to Guayaquil between the time she arrived and she was diag- nosed.7 Other travelers later tested positive for Covid-19.

CASSANDRA LAMILLA She told us that she had developed a fever on the plane and that many people were coughing on the plane. And when she arrived at the airport there were no controls or protocols.

DR. ESTEBAN ORTIZ-PRADO And that was the first problem we didn’t track very well. The entries of people from the airport, so in the first two weeks, most of the patients came from the airport.

Those lost weeks led to an out-of-control epidemic. Two and a half weeks after Bella 3 Dr. Esteban Ortiz-Prado is a medical investigator at the Lamilla’s diagnosis, the country was on lockdown. Two weeks after that, Guayaquil was Universidad de las Américas in Quito, the capital, now in the throes of the most aggressive outbreak in Latin America.6 8 Amid the rising death toll, public hospitals and funerary helping to advise Ecuador’s government on the pandemic. services were overwhelmed. Family members rushed to build concrete graves for their loved ones in the Angel He said Bella Lamilla had infected 17 confirmed cases of HEALTH MINISTER JUAN CARLOS ZEVALLOS7 Covid-19 and was among the world’s biggest super spread- We cannot blame Patient Zero just as we can’t blame Patient 4000. We cannot María Canal Cemetery in Guayaquil. ers of coronavirus at that time. deny the mistake. It is true, at the very beginning it was a disaster. Ecuador was prepared. It did all the measures in place, and very early. Unfor- tunately, the people didn’t hear us. They did not obey those restrictions.

Dr. Juan Carlos Zevallos was installed as Ecuador’s health minister in late March, after the former minister resigned. He admits the government should have tested and tracked patients, but also blamed residents for not following stay-at-home orders after Bella’s diagnosis. Like a lot of cities in Latin America, a large segment of Guayaquil’s population lives day-to-day working informal jobs. So to stay home means not eating. It was a perfect storm of factors that left Guayaquil’s hospitals and morgues overwhelmed. Now the government of Ecuador has another dilemma: just how to bury the thou- sands of bodies that have piled up in the weeks after Lamilla’s death. Ecuador’s official Covid death toll is several hundred, but forensic police have been working around the clock to collect and account for thousands more dead, many of 9 “They don’t want other countries, other people, other 4 A photo of a family gathering during Bella Lamilla’s visit whom died at home without medical attention. And construction is now underway for cities to know the reality of what’s happening here in in 2019. At least five members of the Lamilla family were various large burial sites around the city.8 Container trucks transport corpses to one Guayaquil, here in Pascuales.” says Raquel, a resident of hospitalized for Covid-19. Another three died, including new site on the outskirts of Guayaquil. Local residents fearful of contamination are out- the neighborhood of Pascuales, where the government is transporting containers of bodies to be interred in a new Bella and one of her sisters. The family lives in Babahoyo, raged.9 large burial site. outside of Guayaquil. Officials in charge of handling the dead have promised that each body will have a separate resting place. When we attempted to film drone footage of the new burial site, Ecuadorian soldiers ordered our team to bring the drone down and temporarily confis- cated our footage.10

BILLY NAVARETTE, HUMAN RIGHTS WORKER The neighbors have denounced the entering of trucks, at least three a day, with containers full of cadavers supposedly, to this cemetery where they have opened a common grave.

Since the first diagnosis, distrust of the government’s handling of this crisis appears to have spread as fast as the contagion itself.

5 Cassandra Lamilla, a niece of Bella’s, said her aunt 10 When our production team flew a drone over a new stayed with her family in the town of Babahoyo in the days Image credits: 1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 Ivan Castaneira for The New York Times; 2, 4 Courtesy government burial site in the Pascuales neighborhood of before Bella was hospitalized. She and other family mem- of the Lamilla family; 3 The New York Times via Zoom; 8 Jimmy Vargas Villamar for Guayaquil, soldiers ordered us to bring it down and for bers self-isolated after Bella’s diagnosis with Covid-19, she The New York Times several hours confiscated our video footage. said. Cassandra and many in the family later tested pos- itive for coronavirus. To watch the full video investigation go to: nytimes.com/video THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 0 N A9

Tracking an Outbreak Search for Treatment

CONTROVERSY Stars of Fox News Promoted a Malaria Drug for Weeks. Not Anymore. By MICHAEL M. GRYNBAUM have seen positive results from effective therapy by doctors, over For a month’s stretch, the Fox the treatment, while reminding 6,300 of them surveyed, for coro- News star Laura Ingraham re- people that reliable data could navirus.” lentlessly promoted the malaria take months to collect. Mr. Hannity, who likes to re- drug hydroxychloroquine to her On Fox News, though, Ms. In- mind viewers that he is “not a doc- nearly four million nightly view- graham acknowledged those cav- tor,” routinely asked guests if they eats in passing, leaving an impres- would take hydroxychloroquine ers. sion that a skeptical bureaucracy for treatment if they were infected The drug was “a game changer” was keeping Americans from ben- with the disease. in the fight against the coro- efiting from a miracle drug. Fox News, the country’s top- navirus, the conservative anchor On April 9, she began her pro- rated cable network, carries out- declared. She booked recovered gram by mocking the director of size influence among viewers who patients to describe their “miracle the Centers for Disease Control flock to its popular opinion pro- turnaround” — “like Lazarus, up and Prevention, Dr. Robert Red- grams. Hydroxychloroquine was from the grave,” as Ms. Ingraham field, for “essentially dismissing, first cited on the network during a put it. Anyone who questioned the trashing” hydroxychloroquine late-night news show on March 11. drug’s efficacy was, she said, “in “despite all of its success stories.” It jumped to prime time a few days total denial.” She told viewers that the doctors later, when a guest named Greg- “I love everybody, love the med- booked on her program that night ory Rigano touted the drug to Mr. ical profession,” the host said on — “my medicine cabinet” — Carlson and Ms. Ingraham. April 3, after listing off public would “set the record straight.” “Tucker Carlson Tonight” iden- health experts who questioned (Fox News said on Wednesday tified Mr. Rigano as an adviser to the cure. “But they want a double- that Ms. Ingraham’s segments the Stanford University School of blind controlled study on whether about hydroxychloroquine always Medicine, but Stanford has since the sky is blue.” included a doctor or recovered pa- said he has no affiliation with the But as of Wednesday last week, tient.) institution; Mr. Rigano has not Ms. Ingraham was no longer talk- Later on the show, she inter- been back on Fox News. ing about hydroxychloroquine, viewed a patient, Billy Saracino, On Wednesday, Dr. Mehmet Oz, who, by his account, recovered a frequent guest on Fox News, ap- and she hasn’t brought it up on her ALEX WONG/GETTY IMAGES show since. from the coronavirus because his peared on “Fox & Friends” and Laura Ingraham was an eager hydroxychloroquine booster, but stopped mentioning it last week. wife was inspired by “The Ingra- Her fellow Fox News prime- spoke about the Veterans Affairs ham Angle” to help arrange a pre- study that showed no clear pos- time stars, Tucker Carlson and scription for hydroxychloroquine. itive benefit of treating the coro- Sean Hannity, have also cut back navirus. On Tuesday, a study of baugh’s radio show and Fox News sonally pitch him on the drug. 368 Veterans Affairs patients prime time. Doctors around the country “It is amazing that the left and navirus with hydroxychloroquine. on referring to the drug. In fact, the medical establishment is still showed that the use of hydroxy- Ms. Ingraham, who declined to have prescribed hydroxychloro- At first, Dr. Oz offered some cav- since April 13, hydroxychloro- in total denial about the potential eats, noting the study was not a chloroquine was associated with comment for this article, was an quine to patients for weeks de- quine has been mentioned about a of these decades old drugs,” Ms. controlled trial and focused on an increased risk of death. dozen times on Fox News, com- enthusiastic advocate for the spite the lack of rigorous trials. Ingraham declared. “older and quite a bit sicker pa- pared with over 100 times in the Mr. Trump’s own medical team, treatment. On April 2, she told her Some physicians say, given the Within a week, she had stopped tients.” But pressed by the co-host four previous weeks, according to including Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, viewers that “nearly all the ex- speed and severity of the coro- talking about the drug on-air. Brian Kilmeade, Dr. Oz conceded a review of network transcripts. has urged caution, noting the perts that I’ve talked to, and the navirus, they are turning to any Mr. Hannity, while not as promi- that “the fact of the matter is, we The shift came as President drug’s potential adverse effect on studies I’ve read, review this in- medicinal tools they can to save nent a hydroxychloroquine cheer- don’t know.” Trump has dialed back his public patients with heart troubles. But formation, the evidence, and at lives, even as little evidence has leader as Ms. Ingraham, also “There’s so much data coming zeal for the treatment — and as by mid-March, the drug was a sta- this point it’s come across as emerged that hydroxychloro- highlighted the use of the drug, at from so many places,” he told studies and health experts have ple of the right-wing media ven- pretty much of a game changer.” quine is a panacea. Gov. Andrew one point citing a study that, he viewers, “we are better off waiting increasingly cast doubt on the effi- ues that Mr. Trump follows The next day, she met with Mr. M. Cuomo of New York has al- told viewers, showed “hydroxy- for the randomized trials Dr. Fau- cacy of the drug in treating coro- closely, including Rush Lim- Trump in the Oval Office to per- lowed that, “anecdotally,” doctors chloroquine is rated now the most ci’s been asking for.”

HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE Stand on Drug Led To Ouster, Official Says

stockpile for the possible use of From Page A1 treating Covid-19. Mr. Trump her- dollars allocated by Congress to alded the announcement days lat- address the Covid-19 pandemic er, saying the drug “may work, into safe and scientifically vetted then again, it may not work.” solutions, and not in drugs, vac- But in mid-April, a small drug cines and other technologies that trial in Brazil was halted after lack scientific merit,” he said in his some patients developed irregu- statement. “I am speaking out be- lar heart rates. Then a study this cause to combat this deadly virus, week of 368 V.A. patients, which science — not politics or cronyism has not been peer-reviewed, — has to lead the way.” found that it did not help patients Doubts about the use of hydrox- avoid the need for ventilators, and ychloroquine as a treatment for that the use of the drug alone was the coronavirus and the lack of ev- associated with an increased risk idence about the drug’s effective- of death. And, a panel of the gov- ness — including some small stud- ernment’s own experts at the Na- ies that indicated patients could tional Institute of Allergy and In- be harmed — appear to have fectious Diseases said there was dampened Mr. Trump’s enthusi- “insufficient data” to recommend asm for it. taking it to treat symptoms from As the seriousness of the pan- the virus. DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES demic became clearer in mid- The president has not talked March, the president seized on an- much since then about hydroxy- ecdotal reports about victims of chloroquine. the coronavirus who recovered In his statement, Dr. Bright did quickly after using the drug. Des- not directly name Mr. Trump. But perate for good news as the death the searing language he used left toll climbed and the stock market little doubt that he viewed the ad- plummeted, Mr. Trump could ministration’s support for the hardly contain his excitement. drug as pressure to ignore scien- In a post on Twitter on March 21, tific facts in favor of politics. the president urged federal offi- “My professional background cials to quickly approve the use of has prepared me for a moment hydroxychloroquine with an an- like this — to confront and defeat a tibiotic called azithromycin — a deadly virus that threatens Amer- combination that he believed icans and people around the could work on the coronavirus. globe,” Dr. Bright wrote. “To this “Hopefully they will BOTH (H point, I have led the government’s works better with A, International efforts to invest in the best science Journal of Antimicrobial Agents) available to combat the Covid-19 CRAIG LASSIG/REUTERS TOYA SARNO JORDAN/BLOOMBERG be put in use IMMEDIATELY,” he pandemic.” tweeted. “PEOPLE ARE DYING, “Unfortunately, this resulted in Rick Bright, above right, was dismissed as the director of the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority. He said MOVE FAST, and GOD BLESS clashes with H.H.S. political lead- his ouster came because he pressed for rigorous vetting of a drug President Trump promoted as a coronavirus treatment. EVERYONE!” ership, including criticism for my By then, Mr. Trump’s favorite proactive efforts to invest early promotion to the vice president. Dr. Bright pointed specifically to The studies in Brazil and at the chloroquine in shortening length Fox News hosts were echoing his into vaccines and supplies critical Officials left the meeting and the initial efforts to make chloro- Department of Veterans Affairs of hospital stay, improving symp- optimism that hydroxychloro- to saving American lives. I also re- learned of Dr. Bright’s public quine and hydroxychloroquine were small and limited. Compre- toms, and resolving lung lesions quine could be a magic bullet. A sisted efforts to fund potentially statement. widely available before it was sci- hensive, peer-reviewed studies as seen on X-rays.” day after meeting in the Oval Of- dangerous drugs promoted by In a statement, Caitlin Oakley, a entifically tested for efficacy with have yet to be completed, and And some doctors around the fice with one of the hosts, Laura those with political connections,” spokeswoman for the Depart- the coronavirus. while hospitals are using the drug, country are still hopeful that more Ingraham, and two doctors pro- he said, adding that hydroxy- ment of Health and Human Serv- “While I am prepared to look at many doctors acknowledge they complete tests of the drug might moting the drug as a cure-all, Mr. chloroquine was “promoted by ices, said that “Dr. Bright has de- all options and to think ‘outside are doing so only because they still yield some positive news. the administration as a panacea, Trump began promoting it from parted BARDA to N.I.H., where the box’ for effective treatments, I have few other tools to help dying Dr. William W. O’Neill, a cardiol- but which clearly lack scientific the White House briefing room. he’ll work on development and de- rightly resisted efforts to provide patients. ogist at the Henry Ford Health merit.” “I’ll say it again: What do you ployment of novel point-of-care an unproven drug on demand to And inside the White House, the System in Detroit who is organ- But Trump administration offi- have to lose?” Mr. Trump said on testing platforms.” the American public,” Dr. Bright drug still has its true believers, in- izing a large randomized study us- cials painted a different picture of April 4, carefully pronouncing hy- She added: “As it relates to said. He went on to describe what cluding Peter Navarro, a trade ad- ing the drug as a preventive medi- Dr. Bright’s tenure. droxychloroquine. chloroquine, it was Dr. Bright who he said ultimately happened: “I viser who has been put in charge cation in health care workers and Dr. Bright and Dr. Robert In briefing after briefing with requested an Emergency Use Au- insisted that these drugs be pro- of procuring protective gear and emergency medical workers, said Kadlec, the assistant health secre- reporters at the White House, Mr. thorization from the Food and vided only to hospitalized patients other medical supplies to fight the he had “cautious optimism” but Trump defied the voices of medi- tary for preparedness and re- Drug Administration for dona- with confirmed Covid-19 while un- virus. Mr. Navarro is relentless urged the public to avoid drawing cal experts and some of his own sponse, clashed repeatedly, ac- tions of chloroquine that Bayer der the supervision of a physi- with anyone in the West Wing who premature conclusions. top advisers — including Dr. An- cording to those officials. While and Sandoz recently made to the cian.” will listen, encouraging the gov- “Everybody is desperate to find thony S. Fauci, the nation’s top in- Dr. Bright followed careful pro- out all the answers,” Dr. O’Neill Strategic National Stockpile for A person familiar with Dr. ernment to keep stockpiling the fectious disease specialist and an cedures, they said, he was a polar- said. “But we have to be careful use on Covid-19 patients. The Bright’s account said that Dr. drug and dismissing the recent adviser to the coronavirus task izing figure within the Depart- about jumping to conclusions ei- E.U.A. is what made the donated studies as “deeply flawed.” force. They cautioned that hy- ment of Health and Human Serv- Bright was pressured to rush ac- ther way.” product available for use in com- droxychloroquine, which is used ices, where concerns had circu- cess to the drug after the presi- The Brazil study gave doses of Dr. Bright said his superiors at bating Covid-19.” to treat autoimmune diseases like lated about a management style dent and Larry Ellison, the chair- hydroxychloroquine in excess of the Department of Health and Hu- rheumatoid arthritis and lupus as described as confrontational. Asked about Dr. Bright and his man and chief technology officer the levels recommended by the man Services were doing exactly well as malaria, needed to un- Those officials said there had transfer on Wednesday at the of Oracle, had a conversation Food and Drug Administration, that. dergo the same kind of rigorous been discussions about removing daily White House briefing, Mr. about chloroquines. Dr. Bright Mr. Navarro said in an interview. Dr. Bright is represented by two evaluation that other drugs do. Dr. Bright for many months, and Trump said he did not know who was then directed to put in place a The veterans study administered lawyers who work with whistle- At the end of March, a division that they came to a head after he was. nationwide expanded access pro- the medicine too late and focused blowers, and who represented of Novartis donated 30 million emails were leaked to Reuters last “I never heard of him,” the pres- gram to make the drugs available narrowly on an older population Christine Blasey Ford, who testi- doses of hydroxychloroquine sul- week detailing internal discus- ident told reporters. “You just on a broad basis without specific with high incidences of cardiac fied against the nomination of fate to the health department’s sions about chloroquines. mentioned the name, I never controls in place, according to the failure, diabetes and lung disease, Judge Brett M. Kavanaugh to the A senior administration official heard of him. When did this hap- person familiar with his account. among other issues, he insisted. Supreme Court, accusing him of Michael D. Shear reported from said that Alex M. Azar II, the sec- pen? I never heard of him. The Medical experts say that it is “None of this was reported by a sexual misconduct decades ago, a Washington, and Maggie Ha- retary of the Department of guy says he was pushed out of a still not known whether hydroxy- mainstream media which appears claim he denied. berman from New York. Katie Health and Human Services, told job. Maybe he was. Maybe he was- chloroquine might emerge as an incapable of reading anything In a statement, they called Dr. Thomas contributed reporting the coronavirus task force mem- n’t; I’d have to hear the other side. effective treatment for the most more than study headlines,” he Bright’s change in position “retali- from Chicago, and Kenneth P. Vo- bers in their meeting on Wednes- I don’t know who he is.” devastating symptoms of said. “To date, almost 40 studies ation, plain and simple” and said gel and Ana Swanson from Wash- day about Dr. Bright’s departure A career government official Covid-19, the disease caused by have reported apparent useful- they planned to ask for an investi- ington. from BARDA, describing it as a who has led BARDA since 2016, the coronavirus. ness of hydroxychloroquine or gation. A10 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

Tracking an Outbreak Public Messaging

DISINFORMATION Around the U.S. Chinese Operatives Helped Sow Panic in U.S., Officials Say And the World

This article is by Edward Wong, ANIMALS AT RISK Matthew Rosenberg and Julian E. Barnes. India Fears for Tigers WASHINGTON — The alarm- As Other Cats Fall Ill ing messages came fast and furi- ous in mid-March, popping up on Two cats in New York State tested the cellphone screens and social positive for the coronavirus, media feeds of millions of Ameri- officials announced Wednesday, cans grappling with the onset of raising new alarm about animals the coronavirus pandemic. that could be at risk. Spread the word, the messages In an experiment in China, cats said: The Trump administration were shown to be susceptible to was about to lock down the entire the virus. (Dogs were found to be country. less susceptible.) And other cats “They will announce this as have tested positive for the virus, soon as they have troops in place including a pet cat in Belgium and to help prevent looters and riot- ers,” warned one of the messages, a tiger at the Bronx Zoo. which cited a source in the De- The announcement about the partment of Homeland Security. tiger sparked concern in India, “He said he got the call last night which is home to 2,967 wild tigers, and was told to pack and be pre- roughly three-quarters of the pared for the call today with his world’s total remaining population dispatch orders.” not held in captivity. Tigers are The messages became so wide- known to suffer from respiratory spread over 48 hours that the ailments. White House’s National Security The National Tiger Conserva- Council issued an announcement tion Authority and India’s Min- via Twitter that they were istry of Environment, Forests and “FAKE.” Climate Change has advised Since that wave of panic, United States intelligence agencies have wardens to restrict the movement assessed that Chinese operatives of people into parks and reserves helped push the messages across and observe tigers for respiratory platforms, according to six Ameri- symptoms. can officials, who spoke on the In New York State, veterinari- condition of anonymity to publicly ans tested both cats because they discuss intelligence matters. The showed mild symptoms of a respi- amplification techniques are ratory infection, the U.S. Depart- alarming to officials because the ment of Agriculture and the Cen- disinformation showed up as texts ters for Disease Control and Pre- on many Americans’ cellphones, a vention said. They were the first tactic that several of the officials KEVIN FRAYER/GETTY IMAGES pets found to have been infected said they had not seen before. A screen in Beijing showing President Xi Jinping visiting Wuhan. by the virus in the United States. That has spurred agencies to Left, the Chinese Embassy in Washington, where two employees look at new ways in which China, Testing positive does not mean Russia and other nations are us- were expelled. Below, Zhao Lijian, a Foreign Ministry spokes- the cats have the same illness ing a range of platforms to spread man, called the U.S. disinformation claims “complete nonsense.” that people have, nor does it disinformation during the pan- mean that the cats can infect demic, they said. virus will shore up support for Mr. and jointly through a wide range humans. The agencies empha- The origin of the messages re- Trump and other conservative po- of digital tools, they have estab- sized that there was “no evidence mains murky. American officials liticians before the November lished several diplomatic chan- that pets play a role in spreading declined to reveal details of the in- elections. nels and forums through which the virus in the United States.” telligence linking Chinese agents Given the toxic information en- they can exchange best prac- to the dissemination of the disin- vironment, foreign policy ana- tices,” said Kristine Lee, a fellow formation, citing the need to pro- lysts are worried that the Trump at the Center for a New American BRAZIL tect their sources and methods for administration may politicize in- Security who researches disinfor- monitoring Beijing’s activities. telligence work or make selective mation from China and Russia. City in Amazon Pleads The officials interviewed for leaks to promote an anti-China “I’d anticipate, as we have seen this article work in six different narrative. Those concerns hover in recent months, that their mutu- For Help From President agencies. They included both ca- around the speculation over the al learning around these tools will With 2,270 diagnosed cases and at reer civil servants and political origin of the virus. American offi- migrate to increasingly cutting- least 193 deaths, the state of Ama- appointees, and some have spent cials in the past have selectively edge capabilities that are difficult zonas has been among the hard- many years analyzing China. passed intelligence to reporters to to detect but yield maximal payoff est-hit states in Brazil. And this Their broader warnings about JUSTIN T. GELLERSON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES shape the domestic political land- in eroding American influence week, overwhelmed officials in China’s spread of disinformation scape; the most notable instance and democratic institutions glob- Manaus, the largest city in are supported by recent findings was under President George W. ally,” she added. from outside bipartisan research Bush in the run-up to the Iraq War. Brazil’s Amazon rainforest, have groups, including the Alliance for But it has been clear for more begun burying coronavirus vic- Securing Democracy and the Cen- than a month that the Chinese ‘No National Lockdown’ tims in a mass grave dug on the ter for a New American Security, government is pushing disinfor- The amplification of the fake edge of a cemetery. which is expected to release a re- mation and anti-American con- lockdown messages was a notable In recent days, burials in Ma- port on the topic next month. spiracy theories related to the instance of China’s use of covert naus have more than tripled from Two American officials stressed pandemic. Mr. Zhao, the Foreign disinformation messaging, Amer- the normal average of 30 per day they did not believe Chinese oper- Ministry spokesman, wrote on ican officials said. to more than 100, the mayor’s atives created the lockdown mes- Twitter in March that the U.S. A couple of versions of the mes- office said in a statement. sages, but rather amplified exist- Army might have taken the virus sage circulated widely, according Local officials are pleading for ing ones. Those efforts enabled to the Chinese city of Wuhan. That to The Times analysis. The first in- federal help. the messages to catch the atten- message was then amplified by stance tracked by The Times ap- “We’re beyond a state of emer- tion of enough people that they the official Twitter accounts of peared on March 13, as many state then spread on their own, with lit- Chinese embassies and consul- gency,” the mayor of Manaus, officials were enacting social dis- Arthur Virgílio Neto, said Tuesday tle need for further work by for- ates. tancing policies. This version said in a statement. “The health care eign agents. The messages ap- The state-run China Global Mr. Trump was about to invoke peared to gain significant traction Television Network produced a the Stafford Act to shut down the system no longer has the capacity CARLOS GARCIA RAWLINS/REUTERS on Facebook as they were also video targeting viewers in the country. to provide care to the patients proliferating through texts, ac- Middle East in which a presenter The messages generally attrib- that need it and people are start- cording to an analysis by The New plify the partisan disagreements. get its own house in order and fo- speaking Arabic asserted that uted their contents to a friend in a ing to die at home.” York Times. “It is part of the playbook of cus more on fighting the epidemic “some new facts” indicated that federal agency — the Pentagon, Mr. Neto has broken down in American officials said the op- spreading division,” said Senator and boosting the economy,” Mr. the pandemic might have origi- the State Department, the Depart- tears in recent days as he begs for eratives had adopted some of the Angus King, independent of Zhao said at a news conference on nated from American participants ment of Homeland Security, the a more muscular response from techniques mastered by Russia- Maine, adding that private indi- Friday. in a military sports competition in F.B.I., the C.I.A. and so on. Over the government of President Jair backed trolls, such as creating viduals have identified some so- October in Wuhan. The network days, hundreds of identical posts fake social media accounts to cial media bots that helped pro- Bolsonaro, who has played down An Information War has an audience of millions, and appeared on Facebook and the on- push messages to sympathetic mote the recent lockdown pro- the severity of the crisis for the video has had more than line message board 4chan, among Americans, who in turn unwit- tests that some fringe conserva- The United States and China months. 365,000 views on YouTube. other places, and spread through tingly help spread them. tive groups have nurtured. are engaged in a titanic informa- The official coronavirus death “What we’ve seen is the C.C.P. texts. The officials say the Chinese The propaganda efforts go be- tion war over the pandemic, one mobilizing its global messaging count appears to grossly under- Another version appeared on agents also appear to be using yond text messages and social that has added a new dimension to apparatus, which includes state state the toll the virus has taken March 15, The Times found. This texts and encrypted messaging media posts directed at Ameri- their global rivalry. media as well as Chinese diplo- in Amazonas. Since the beginning one said Mr. Trump was about to apps as part of their campaigns. It cans. In China, top officials have President Trump and his aides mats, to push out selected and lo- of the year, at least 398 people in are trying to put the spotlight on deploy the National Guard, mili- is much harder for researchers issued directives to agencies to calized versions of the same over- Amazonas have died from respi- engage in a global disinformation China as they face intense criti- tary units and emergency re- and law enforcement officers to arching false narratives,” Lea Ga- ratory ailments. That was more campaign around the virus, the cism over the federal govern- sponders across the United States track disinformation spread brielle, coordinator of the Global than twice the number that have American officials said. ment’s widespread failures in re- while imposing a one-week na- through text messages and en- Engagement Center in the State died from such ailments during crypted apps than on social media Some American intelligence of- sponding to the pandemic, which tionwide quarantine. Department, said in late March, the same period in 2019. platforms. ficers are especially concerned has killed more than 40,000 Amer- referring to the Chinese Commu- That same day, the National Se- American intelligence officers about disinformation aimed at Eu- icans. President Xi Jinping and nist Party. curity Council announced on Twit- are also examining whether spies ropeans that pro-China actors ap- the Chinese Communist Party are Some analysts say it is core to ter that the messages were fake. in China’s diplomatic missions in pear to have helped spread. The trying to shore up domestic and China’s new, aggressive “‘Wolf “There is no national lock- IRAN the United States helped spread messages stress the idea of dis- international support after earlier Warrior’ diplomacy,” a term that down,” it said, adding that the the fake lockdown messages, a unity among European nations cover-ups that allowed the virus refers to a patriotic Chinese mili- Centers for Disease Control and Execution of Prisoners senior American official said. during the crisis and praise Chi- to spread. tary action film series. Prevention “has and will continue May Be Speeding Up American agencies have recently na’s “donation diplomacy,” Ameri- As diplomatic tensions rose and But Chinese diplomats and op- to post the latest guidance.” increased their scrutiny of Chi- can officials said. Left unmen- Beijing scrambled to control the erators of official media accounts Samantha Vinograd, who was a Iran may be accelerating the nese diplomats and employees of tioned are reports of Chinese com- narrative, the Chinese govern- recently began moving away from staff employee at the National Se- execution of prisoners, in particu- state-run media organizations. In panies delivering shoddy equip- ment last month expelled Ameri- overt disinformation, Ms. Gabri- curity Council during the Obama lar putting to death those who September, the State Department ment and European leaders can journalists for three U.S. news elle said. That dovetailed with a administration, replied to the took part in protests over fears secretly expelled two employees expressing skepticism over Chi- organizations, including The tentative truce Mr. Trump and Mr. council’s tweet, recounting her ex- that the coronavirus was spread- of the Chinese Embassy in Wash- na’s handling of its outbreak. Times. Xi reached over publicly sniping perience with the disinformation. ing through crowded and unsani- ington suspected of spying. Mr. Trump himself has shown The extent to which the United about the virus. “I received several texts from tary prisons, the United Nations Other rival powers might have little concern about China’s ac- States might be engaging in its American officials said Chinese loved ones about content they re- human rights chief said on ceived containing various rumors been involved in the dissemina- tions. He has consistently praised own covert information warfare in agencies are most likely embrac- Wednesday. the handling of the pandemic by China is not clear. While the C.I.A. — they were explicitly asked to tion, too. And Americans with ing covert propagation of disinfor- In just the past four days, two prominent online or news media Chinese leaders — “Much re- in recent decades has tried to sup- share it with their networks,” she mation in its place. Current and inmates were executed for crimes platforms unknowingly helped spect!” he wrote on Twitter on port pro-democracy opposition former American officials have wrote. “I advised them to do the they committed when they were amplify the messages. Misinfor- March 27. Three days later, he dis- figures in some countries, Chinese said they are seeing Chinese oper- opposite. Misinfo is not what we mation has proliferated during missed worries over China’s use of counterintelligence officers evis- atives adopt online strategies long need right now — from any source under 18, in violation of interna- the pandemic — in recent weeks, disinformation when asked about cerated the agency’s network of used by Russian agents — a phe- foreign or domestic.” tional law, said Michelle Bachelet, some pro-Trump news outlets it on Fox News. informants in China about a dec- nomenon that also occurred dur- Since January, Americans have the high commissioner for human have promoted anti-American “They do it and we do it and we ade ago, hurting its ability to con- ing the Hong Kong protests last shared many other messages that rights. conspiracy theories, including call them different things,” he duct operations there. year. Some Chinese operatives included disinformation: that the She called the executions of the one that suggests the virus was said. “Every country does it.” Chinese officials accuse Mr. have promoted disinformation virus originated in a U.S. Army minors “reprehensible,” and said created in a laboratory in the Asked about the new accusa- Trump and his allies of overtly that originated on Russia-aligned laboratory at Fort Detrick in they raised “grave concerns about United States. tions, the Chinese Foreign Min- peddling malicious or bad infor- websites, they said. Maryland, that it can be killed the possibility of expedited execu- American officials said China, istry released a statement on mation, pointing to the president’s And the apparent aim of spread- with garlic water, vitamin C or col- tions of other death-row prisoners borrowing from Russia’s strat- Tuesday that said, “The relevant repeatedly calling the coro- ing the fake lockdown messages loidal silver, that it thrives on who were involved in those pro- egies, has been trying to widen po- statements are complete non- navirus a “Chinese virus” or the last month is consistent with a ibuprofen. Often the posts are at- tests.” litical divisions in the United sense and not worth refuting.” suggestion by some Republicans type of disinformation favored by tributed to an unnamed source in In late March, protests and States. As public dissent simmers Zhao Lijian, a ministry spokes- that the virus may have origi- Russian actors — namely sowing the U.S. government or an institu- over lockdown policies in several man, has separately rebutted per- nated as a Chinese bioweapon, a chaos and undermining confi- tion such as Johns Hopkins Uni- riots broke out in prisons across states, officials worry it will be sistent accusations by American theory that U.S. intelligence agen- dence among Americans in the versity or Stanford University. Iran, a country with one of the easy for China and Russia to am- officials that China has supplied cies have since ruled out. (Many U.S. government, the officials As the messages have sown world’s largest coronavirus out- bad information and exhibited a Americans have also criticized said. confusion, it has been difficult to breaks, and the authorities re- Ben Decker contributed reporting broader lack of transparency dur- Mr. Trump’s language as racist.) “As Beijing and Moscow move trace their true origins or pin sponded with a brutal crackdown from Boston. Claire Fu contributed ing the pandemic. “We urge the Republican strategists have de- to shape the global information down all the ways in which they that left an unknown number of research. U.S. to stop political manipulation, cided that bashing China over the environment both independently have been amplified. prisoners dead. THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 0 N A11

Tracking an Outbreak Global Response and Early Cases

THE NEW NEW WORLD China Builds Culture of Hate With Selective Coverage of the Pandemic By LI YUAN One user, who claimed to be a Trevor Noah, the host of “The Wuhan resident, too, repri- Daily Show,” has won praise on manded her. “You can only repre- the Chinese internet for his sear- sent the 1 percent who are dead,” ing criticism of the Trump ad- the user wrote. “You can’t repre- ministration’s mishandling of the sent Wuhan. Do not disturb the coronavirus pandemic. So has 99 percent of us who are enjoy- Jerry Kowal, an American who ing life.” makes Chinese-language videos State-run media stands ready chronicling the dire situation in to elevate those who reinforce New York. Beijing’s message. China’s response to the virus Mr. Kowal, the American video has its own sharp-eyed critics at blogger, won millions of views on home, and they have found a Bilibili, a video site popular vastly different reception. One among young Chinese people, for resident of the virus-struck city his virus-related content out of of Wuhan who writes under the New York. His videos also got name Fang Fang documented him a 50-minute live appearance despair, misery and everyday life on China Central Television, the in an online diary, and has en- state broadcaster, to talk about dured withering attacks on social the field hospital in Central Park and the shortage of personal media. Three citizen journalists protective equipment. who posted videos from Wuhan in the first weeks of the outbreak But such messages aren’t disappeared and are widely welcome when they’re about China. Three of Mr. Kowal’s believed to be in government Chinese counterparts, Chen custody. Qiushi, Fang Bin and Li Zehua, The pandemic unfolded dra- had tried to do the same thing in matically differently in China Wuhan during the peak of the from the way it has in the rest of outbreak. Their videos can’t be the world — at least, if one be- found online in China; they were lieves state-run Chinese media. able to upload their videos only Chinese news outlets used words to YouTube, which is blocked in like “purgatory” and “apoca- the country. All three men have lypse” to describe the tragic since vanished. hospital scenes in Italy and In his last video, which Spain. They have run photos of streamed his four-hour standoff British and American medical JIALUN DENG with the state police outside his workers wearing garbage bags door, Mr. Li, a former CCTV as protective gear. and free flow of information, Such campaigns became much Noah even more after Bill Gates, Wang Fang, for telling the truth state media outlets chronicled easier to sell when China’s econ- the billionaire philanthropist, about China. anchor, compared young Chinese A lot of the same miseries people to the protagonist in “The how badly others have managed omy took off, and we could see said on his show that the ebbing Her diary was moderate and happened in China, but those Truman Show,” the Jim Carrey the crisis. Their message: Those the country’s progress for our- of cases in China was “very good personal, and a place where reports were called “rumors” movie in which the title charac- countries should copy China’s selves. news.” Global Times subtitled a many of us turned for comfort and censored. ter’s whole life is a lie. model. For good measure, the Now that mission is getting clip of the praise, which has been during the darkest hours of For the Communist Party, But the lie they are living in is propaganda machine revved up tougher. Even before the pan- viewed nearly 18 million times China’s epidemic. But after keeping up a positive image for worse, because it is fueled by its attacks on anybody who demic, China’s economy wasn’t and liked a quarter of million Harper Collins announced plans the Chinese public has long been hatred. A generation of people is dared to question the govern- times on the tabloid’s official an important part of maintaining growing the way it once had, and to publish it in English, tens of learning to hate not only people its legitimacy. That facade was ment’s handling of the pandemic. the government has been intrud- account on Weibo, a Twitter-like thousands of online users de- platform. like Fang Fang but foreigners as broken during the outbreak in For many people in China, the ing more and more into everyday scended on her Weibo account, well. late January and February, as push is working. Wielding a mix life. China’s propaganda machine “Trevor has the correct value saying she was a traitor for system,” said a comment on a After Boris Johnson, the dying patients flooded hospitals of lies and partial truths, some has ramped up the volume to supporting the enemy’s narra- British prime minister, was ad- and medical workers begged for young people are waging online deliver its message, encompass- social media article that not only tive. posted the video but translated mitted into intensive care with protective gear on social media. attacks against individuals and ing all of Chinese official media In a commentary, Hu Xijin, the Covid-19, mocking comments Some people started asking why countries that contradict their and the country’s social media Global Times editor, wrote that from Weibo users — like “Can I the government suppressed belief in China’s superior re- platforms. Fang Fang’s diary would be used laugh?” — received thousands of information early on and who sponse. If that newspaper column by political forces abroad and likes. When the United States should be held accountable. These tactics aren’t new. Many existed today, it would be called Highlighting the that the Chinese people might surpassed China as the country The death of Li Wenliang, the Chinese children of my genera- “China Is Great. Whoever Says have to “pay the price for Fang with the most confirmed infec- whistle-blowing doctor in Wuhan, tion read a newspaper column Otherwise Is Our Enemy.” And it mistakes of other Fang’s fame in the West.” tions, many Chinese commenters on Feb. 6 galvanized many Chi- for students called “Socialism Is would be impossible to avoid. countries and The online backlash has been gloated, “Congratulations!” nese people into demanding Good. Capitalism Is Bad.” Each The website of Global Times, a so severe, Fang Fang wrote on Gauging real sentiment in an freedom of speech. Online senti- week, it described the wonders of tabloid controlled by the Commu- ignoring its own. Weibo, that it reminds her of the authoritarian society is impossi- ment became much more skepti- China alongside the hardships of nist Party, added Chinese subti- Cultural Revolution, the decade ble. But the belligerent online cal, and many young people capitalist societies. The lesson: tles to a video from Mr. Noah’s of political violence and chaos environment has made many openly challenged the party’s Socialist China takes care of its show that featured President that she saw as a child. The only people uneasy. message. people, while people in the Trump and many Fox News many angry comments by Amer- comfort, she wrote, is that “this Cui Yongyuan, a well-known Then the United States and United States go hungry and the personalities, showing how for ican viewers. “I love this guy,” type of Cultural Revolution is former talk show host, in a re- other countries bungled their elderly die alone. weeks they played down the another reader commented in only conducted in cyberspace.” cent article compared the online own responses, and China’s Even if the stories were true, risks of the coronavirus. English. More obscure people have also warriors to the fighters in the propaganda machine saw an they didn’t represent the full The subtitled video was widely “Is he ‘kissing the ass’ of been subjected to hate. A woman anti-foreigner, anti-Christian opportunity. picture. Chinese children like me distributed by Chinese official China?” another social media in Wuhan who lost her daughter Boxer Rebellion in 1900. Using the West’s transparency pitied Americans even when news outlets. Many of them used blog post asked rhetorically. “No, received what she described as a “There are more and more almost all of China lived in pov- the same headline: “Blood is on he’s just telling the truth.” “Fang Fang-scale online attack” Boxers online,” he wrote. “The The New New World column erty. How much would we have their hands and they should all Many of the same people after she shared her grief on the Qing dynasty became the enemy focuses on the intersection of envied them if we had known be sued!” praising Mr. Noah have been internet and questioned whether of the world because of the Box- technology, business and politics that most could eat meat when- The Chinese official media and slinging arrows and rocks at the tragedy could have been ers’ evil behavior. One need not in China and across Asia. ever they liked? online commenters loved Mr. Fang Fang, whose real name is avoided. look far for a lesson.”

WEST COAST Researchers believe that cases in New York probably began cir- culating in mid-February. Trevor Bedford, a scientist at the Fred Virus Stalked Bay Area Hutchinson Cancer Research Center who studies the spread and evolution of viruses, has esti- Undetected for Weeks mated that an outbreak in the Se- attle area likely has roots back to tially had wondered if Ms. Dowd about Feb. 1, or perhaps could be From Page A1 had been suffering from Covid-19, linked to the first reported case in the United States — a man who connected death in Santa Clara the disease caused by the coro- flew from China to the Seattle area County, on Feb. 17, has also now navirus. Her work as a company on Jan. 15 and later tested pos- been linked to the coronavirus. auditor for her firm, they said, itive. “Each one of those deaths is brought her into contact with em- But, until now, the first known probably the tip of an iceberg of ployees from all over the world deaths from the coronavirus were unknown size,” Dr. Sara Cody, and involved frequent travel. “She traveled all over for her recorded in the Seattle area on Santa Clara County’s medical offi- Feb. 26. cer, said in an interview. job. Germany. Austria,” said her brother-in-law, Jeff Macias, who Whether and how the early Gov. Gavin Newsom of Califor- cases might be related to later nia said on Wednesday that there said she had also traveled at times to China. cases remains unclear. C.D.C. sci- could be “subsequent announce- entists are attempting to discern She had gone to Beijing in No- ments” as investigations across the genetic sequences of the virus vember, according to the longtime the state further examine the from the three cases, which can be friend. early origins of the virus. He said challenging when tissues are ob- Across the country, doctors and investigators are looking at coro- tained after death. public health officials have re- ner and autopsy reports going Dr. Charles Chiu, who has been ported earlier cases of serious ill- back to December in some coun- examining the genetic signatures nesses and deaths that preceded ties. of the viruses circulating in the JIM WILSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES Ms. Dowd, whose case was con- official diagnoses of the coro- Bay Area, had previous suspi- firmed this week, worked at a navirus. Only now are some of The coronavirus was circulating in the California Bay Area as early as January, new findings show. cions about the Santa Clara cases. company that had offices around them being examined, and the While many of the viruses landing new findings in Santa Clara the world, including in Wuhan, said on Wednesday that the new declared that public health au- spread testing earlier and if we in the United States have several County — suggesting that these China, the city where the outbreak cases were among more than a thorities “have it totally under had been able to document the mutations compared with the suspicious earlier cases were in- began, family and friends said. dozen deaths in the county that control.” level of transmission in the county, original strain in Wuhan, one of stances of community transmis- Public health authorities did not the medical examiner had suspi- if we had understood then that the cases examined at the end of sion — shed light on the under- Federal health officials initially identify her, but her husband, cions about and ordered investi- limited testing largely to those people were already dying, we February in Santa Clara had only Dean Dowd, said he had been noti- stated public health response to gated. who had traveled from Wuhan, probably would have acted earlier one mutation. fied by public health authorities the widening outbreak. Dr. Michelle Jorden, the Santa then expanded it to people coming than we did,” Dr. Cody said. She That indicated that the cases on Wednesday morning, which Had there been earlier proof Clara County medical examiner- from mainland China. Mr. Trump said officials had been hearing there had a strong link to the origi- would have been their 25th wed- that the virus had already found a coroner, said Ms. Dowd’s case had ordered travel restrictions, in- about a lot of people who were ill nal Wuhan strain. ding anniversary, that her death foothold in the United States, ex- piqued her curiosity, leading the cluding health screenings for U.S. but did not meet the criteria for “It suggested that it was an was because of the coronavirus. perts said, public health officials county to examine it further. “It residents returning from main- testing. early introduction,” Dr. Chiu said. A longtime friend said that on would have had more urgency to was when we were looking at the land China, that began on Feb. 2. “It was just sort of this under- Even still, he was surprised that a Feb. 2, Ms. Dowd had complained ramp up testing, prepare hospi- virus-related death occurred as microscopic tissues and we de- By Feb. 26, Mr. Trump claimed standing that the testing capacity of flulike symptoms. Four days tals and assemble protective gear cided — whoa! — this still looks in- at the C.D.C. was very, very, very early as it did in February. that the limited number of cases in later, he said, she was working that might have prevented infec- fectious, and we are going to send limited,” she said. When doctors The virus has an incubation pe- the country “within a couple of from home, still feeling under the tions among health care workers the tissue to the C.D.C.,” she said. would call them with suspicious riod of up to 14 days, and people days is going to be down to close to weather. Her daughter came and others. Tissue samples were sent to At- cases, she said, county health au- can be infectious before symp- zero. That’s a pretty good job home and found her collapsed at Instead, the focus in February lanta for testing in mid-March, but thorities would have to explain toms begin. Because Ms. Dowd we’ve done.” the breakfast bar in her kitchen, was on quarantining thousands of the results confirming the coro- that the cases did not qualify for had been ill for several days be- according to the friend, who asked travelers who were returning navirus did not come back until That was the same day commu- testing. fore dying on Feb. 6, it is possible not to be identified. from China in the hope that infec- Tuesday. nity transmission began to “It got increasingly uncomfort- that she could have transmitted Family members said they ini- tions could be identified, isolated It is unclear how the virus emerge, first in California, then in able, right?” she said. “It didn’t the infection to others as early as and contained. reached the people in these earli- the Portland, Ore., area, and near make any sense. How are you go- January. Thomas Fuller reported from San “What in the end was that really est deaths. In January, health offi- Seattle. ing to detect community trans- “This offers evidence of what Francisco, Mike Baker from Se- going to accomplish if it was al- cials identified a series of people Dr. Cody led the effort to issue mission if you’re only testing peo- many of us in the field had been attle, Shawn Hubler from Sacra- ready here?” said Dr. Amesh who had traveled from China and the nation’s first stay-at-home or- ple with a travel history? Well saying,” said Dr. Adalja, the infec- mento, and Sheri Fink from New Adalja, an infectious disease spe- then tested positive for the virus, ders on March 16. But she said she you’re not.” tious disease specialist. “That re- York. Katey Rusch contributed re- cialist and senior scholar at Johns but those cases were largely con- would have issued them even ear- There have been signs that the stricting testing was going to miss porting from San Jose, Calif., and Hopkins Center for Health Securi- tained. At the time, President lier had she known about the Feb- virus established itself long before cases that could have a chain of Tim Arango and Jill Cowan from ty. Trump said he did not think the vi- ruary deaths. community transmission was rec- transmission that ended up with Los Angeles. Officials in Santa Clara County rus would become a pandemic and “I think if we had had wide- ognized. somebody dying.” A12 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

Tracking an Outbreak The New Reality

VIA LIBRARY OF CONGRESS St. Louis in 1918 during the Spanish flu outbreak. Researchers found valuable lessons in the city’s decision to shut down activity.

THE RESPONSE Of Social Distancing: From the Middle Ages To a High School Fair cial assistant to Mr. Bush for From Page A1 biodefense. Dr. Hatchett, an oncologist turned Dr. Koonin, who worked on pre- White House adviser — to over- paredness planning at the C.D.C., come intense initial opposition. also played a key role. It brought their work together “Strategic, out-of-the-box with that of a Defense Depart- thinkers,” is how Dr. Venkayya, ment team assigned to a similar who now oversees vaccine pro- task. duction at Takeda, a Japan-based And it had some unexpected de- pharmaceutical company, de- tours, including a deep dive into scribed what he was looking for. the history of the 1918 Spanish flu Given the increased danger and an important discovery from new strains of influenza and kicked off by a high school re- the reality that existing antiviral search project pursued by the drugs like Tamiflu did not work daughter of a scientist at the San- against all contagious diseases, dia National Laboratories. Drs. Hatchett and Mecher and The concept of social distancing their team began exploring other is now intimately familiar to al- ways to combat a large-scale con- most everyone. But as it first tagion. made its way through the federal It was about that time that Dr. bureaucracy in 2006 and 2007, it Mecher heard from Robert J. was viewed as impractical, unnec- Glass, a senior scientist at Sandia essary and politically infeasible. in New Mexico who specialized in “There were two words be- building advanced models to ex- tween ‘shut’ and ‘up’” initially, plain how complex systems work said Dr. Howard Markel, who di- — and what can cause cata- rects the University of Michigan’s strophic failures. Center for the History of Medicine Dr. Glass’s daughter Laura, and who played a role in shaping then 14, had done a class project in the policy as a member of the Pen- which she built a model of social ELIZABETH BICK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES tagon research team. “It was re- networks at her Albuquerque high New York City in March. Researchers found that a quick movement toward social distancing was crucial to curtailing an outbreak. ally ugly.” school, and when Dr. Glass looked Dr. Mecher was there when Dr. at it, he was intrigued. Hatchett presented government Students are so closely tied to- spaced students are and agreeing want to let the flu disrupt daily life, So the considerable skepticism public health experts the plan that gether — in social networks and that any plan would have to fea- so they went ahead in September among local officials, public the two of them and Dr. Lisa M. on school buses and in classrooms ture closing schools. 1918 with a long planned parade health experts and policymakers Koonin of the Centers for Disease — that they were a near-perfect At the same time, they were cir- that drew hundreds of thousands in Washington was not surprising. Control and Prevention had re- vehicle for a contagious disease to cling in on another fundamental of spectators to promote war One particularly vociferous viewed over burgers and beer. spread. challenge: If a government was bonds. critic was Dr. D.A. Henderson, “People could not believe that Dr. Glass piggybacked on his going to rely on the blunt instru- In St. Louis, by contrast, the city who had been the leader of the in- the strategy would be effective or daughter’s work to explore with ment of social distancing to pre- health commissioner quickly ternational effort to eradicate even feasible,” Dr. Mecher re- her what effect breaking up these vent widespread death, how early moved to close schools, churches, smallpox and had been named by called. networks would have on knocking would it have to act? theaters, saloons, sporting events Mr. Bush to help oversee the na- But within the Bush administra- down the disease. Dr. Markel had spent his career and other public gathering spots. tion’s biodefense efforts after the tion, they were encouraged to The outcome of their research studying contagious disease out- Dr. Markel and his team set out 2001 terrorist attacks. keep at it and follow the science. was startling. By closing the breaks. Recently, he had been to confirm just how important a Dr. Henderson was convinced And ultimately their arguments schools in a hypothetical town of working on a related assignment role timing had played in reducing that it made no sense to force proved persuasive. 10,000 people, only 500 people got from the Pentagon, which had a deaths. They gathered census schools to close or public gather- In February 2007, the C.D.C. sick. If they remained open, half of narrower but equally urgent con- records and thousands of other ings to stop. Teenagers would es- made their approach — bureau- the population would be infected. cern: the vulnerability of U.S. mili- documents detailing the date of cape their homes to hang out at the first infection, the first death, the mall. School lunch programs cratically called Non-Pharmaceu- “My God, we could use the tary personnel to a viral health the first social distancing policies would close, and impoverished tical Interventions, or NPIs — offi- same results she has and work threat. and how long they were left in children would not have enough to cial U.S. policy. from there,” Dr. Glass recalled Asia was hit in 2005 by a bird flu ‘A pandemic is a lot place in 43 American cities. eat. Hospital staffs would have a Following a five-year review by thinking. He took their prelimi- that crossed over to humans and Separately, Dr. Mecher and his hard time going to work if their the Obama administration, the nary data and built on it by run- spread to locations where the like a forest fire. If team looked at the experience of children were at home. strategy was updated in a docu- ning it through the supercomput- United States had forces sta- 17 cities, using newspaper clips The measures embraced by ment published in 2017. And after ers at Sandia, more typically used tioned, including the Philippines. caught early it might and other sources. Drs. Mecher and Hatchett would long delays in which President to engineer nuclear weapons. That led Dr. Markel to propose — be extinguished with Both teams came to the same “result in significant disruption of Trump played down the threat (His daughter’s project was en- after consulting a dictionary and conclusion and published papers the social functioning of commu- from Covid-19, the disease caused tered in the Intel International thesaurus — what he called “pro- limited damage. If on their findings within months of nities and result in possibly seri- by the coronavirus, and failed to Science and Engineering Fair in tective sequestration,” like keep- allowed to smolder, each other in 2007. Early, ag- ous economic problems,” Dr. Hen- heed warnings about it from in- 2006.) ing military personnel in mass iso- side his own government, it was gressive action to limit social in- derson wrote in his own academic Dr. Mecher received the results lation on docked ships. undetected, it can used to encourage the states to teraction using multiple measures paper responding to their ideas. at his office in Washington and The bird flu, while often fatal, lock down as confirmed cases and grow to an inferno like closing schools or shutting The answer, he insisted, was to was amazed. did not continue to cross over in deaths shot up. down public gatherings was vital tough it out: Let the pandemic If cities closed their public large numbers to humans, and the that can spread The effort began in the summer to limiting the death toll, they spread, treat people who get sick schools, the data suggested, the steps he was proposing turned out of 2005 when Mr. Bush, already quickly beyond our found. and work quickly to develop a vac- spread of a disease would be sig- to be unnecessary. But the work concerned with bioterrorism after “It’s like treating heart-attack cine to prevent it from coming nificantly slowed, making this led him to think about the need for ability to control it.’ the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, read a patients,” Dr. Mecher said. “Tim- back. move perhaps the most important a large-scale isolation plan for the forthcoming book, “The Great In- PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH, ing matters.” Caught in the middle, C.D.C. of all of the social distancing op- United States. fluenza,” by John M. Barry, about in a 2005 speech at the National After decades of advances by leaders decided to conduct more tions they were considering. Dr. Markel had published a the Spanish flu outbreak of 1918. Institutes of Health the nation’s pharmaceutical com- research and survey community Mr. Bush’s concern was elevat- “Targeted social distancing book, “When Germs Travel,” in panies — finding treatments or leaders around the country. ed by a string of new outbreaks strategies can be designed to ef- 2004 that examined six major epi- vaccines for major illnesses, in- The administration ultimately caused by infectious diseases fectively mitigate the local pro- demics since 1900 and how they cluding H.I.V. and smallpox — sided with the proponents of so- transferring from birds and other gression of pandemic influenza had traveled across the United Americans by the early 21st cen- cial distancing and shutdowns. animals to humans, including an without the use of vaccine or an- States. He decided to work with tury had a built-in expectation Their policy would become the ba- avian flu outbreak that year in tiviral drugs,” concluded a study Dr. Martin S. Cetron, the director that no matter what the ailment, sis for government planning and Vietnam. Because there was no that Dr. Glass published in the of the C.D.C.’s quarantine division, there must be some kind of avail- would be used extensively in sim- vaccine for these new threats, Emerging Infectious Diseases to look more closely at the lessons able fix. Locking your family in- ulations used to prepare for pan- they could spread rapidly. journal. Laura, then a high school of the Spanish flu of 1918. side your home seemed back- demics, and in a limited way in “A pandemic is a lot like a forest junior, got a credit. The research started with St. ward, and encouraging people not 2009 during an outbreak of the in- fire,” Mr. Bush said in a speech at Drs. Hatchett and Mecher and Louis, which had moved relatively to go to work economically disas- fluenza called H1N1. the National Institutes of Health. their team soon found themselves quickly to head off the spread of trous. Then the coronavirus came, “If caught early it might be extin- measuring the width of the stand- the flu, and Philadelphia, which The idea of forcibly limiting and the plan was put to work guished with limited damage. If ard school bus seat and the aver- waited much longer and suffered public assembly or movement had across the country for the first allowed to smolder, undetected, it age classroom size in the United far more. also long been seen as legally and time. can grow to an inferno that can States, calculating how closely Officials in Philadelphia did not ethically questionable. Dr. Mecher was a key voice on spread quickly beyond our ability the “Red Dawn” email chain of to control it.” public health experts in raising To develop ideas, the Bush ad- early warnings this year about the ministration enlisted Dr. Hatchett, coronavirus outbreak and Mr. who had served as a White House Trump’s reluctance to embrace biodefense policy adviser, and Dr. shutdowns and social distancing. Mecher, who was a Veterans Af- The shutdown this year is much fairs medical officer in Georgia bigger than Dr. Mecher and others overseeing care in the Southeast. imagined would be necessary or “‘Someone from the White practical. Testing has been limited House is on the phone,’” Dr. and some states issued social dis- Mecher, then 49, recalled his sec- tancing orders even before con- retary telling him in the fall of firming the coronavirus was 2005, her voice expressing some spreading within their borders. disbelief. Dr. Markel called it “very grati- A blunt-speaking, Chicago-born fying to see our work used to help intensive care physician, Dr. save lives.” But, he added, “it is Mecher had almost no pandemic also horrifying.” policy expertise. Instead, he was “We always knew this would be recruited because they needed applied in worst-case scenarios,” someone who understood how a MARK F. SYPHER/ROLL CALL, VIA GETTY IMAGES ANDREW SENG FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES he said. “Even when you are work- hospital actually worked, said Dr. Dr. D.A. Henderson, a leader of the international effort to eradi- National Guard members in March, disinfecting at the Jewish ing on dystopian concepts, you al- Rajeev Venkayya, who was a spe- cate smallpox, was critical of social distancing in the early 2000s. Community Center of Mid-Westchester in Scarsdale, N.Y. ways hope it will never be used.” THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N A13

Tracking an Outbreak The States

A DELICATE BALANCE Leaders Face Cold Calculations on Reopening

JONAH MARKOWITZ FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES With no vaccine or cure for the new coronavirus, the president, governors, mayors and county executives will have to decide how many deaths would be acceptable to restore a shattered economy.

By PETER BAKER ing speed limits and employing ury Secretary Steven Mnuchin. But James H. Stock, a Harvard WASHINGTON — How many police. But until better technology economist who served on Presi- deaths are acceptable to reopen is perfected, the only way to actu- dent Barack Obama’s Council of the country before the coro- ally stop all car crashes — ban- Economic Advisers, said this cri- navirus is completely eradicated? ning cars — is untenable, so some sis goes beyond such ordinary cal- “One is too many,” President deaths are countenanced, a total culations because a shuttered Trump insists, a politically safe of 38,800 in 2019. economy represents an almost ex- formulation that any leader would Auto accidents are not commu- istential threat to the very idea of instinctively articulate. nicable so not an apples-to-apples America. But that is not the reality of Mr. comparison to the coronavirus. “We really have to be talking Trump’s reopen-soon approach. But the ordinary flu still claims not just about our reduction in Nor for that matter will it be the thousands of lives a year which consumption in the short run but bottom line for even those gover- society accepts without stay-at- what this is going to be doing to nors who want to go slower. Until home orders. Those seasonal the economy and the republic in there is a vaccine or a cure for the deaths, however, are spread over the long run,” he said. “It’s those coronavirus, the macabre truth is POOL PHOTO BY CHRIS PEDOTA MICHIGAN OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR many months, while the coro- big issues that we’ve been afraid that any plan to begin restoring navirus hit with catastrophic fury to talk about. A year of this and we public life invariably means trad- ‘You have to crack the back of the ‘We know that not taking measures in a matter of weeks and would would just see an unrecognizable ing away some lives. The question have caused even more devasta- personal health piece before you can to control the spread means that’s transformation of what America is how far will leaders go to keep it tion without the quarantines. would look like coming out of it.” to a minimum. crack the back of the economic piece.’ going to translate into lives lost.’ Government makes money- versus-lives trade-offs all the Stephen Moore, a conservative Some of the more provocative GOV. PHILIP D. MURPHY of New Jersey GOV. GRETCHEN WHITMER of Michigan economist who serves on Mr. voices on the political right say time. When a regulatory agency weighs a new safety rule, it meas- Trump’s reopening committee, that with tens of millions of Ameri- said those advocating restarting cans out of work and businesses ures the cost to industry or con- testing of vulnerable places like honest?” The public, he said, un- need to double the number of sumers against the gain by as- the economy are caricatured as collapsing, some people must be putting profits over lives. nursing homes and inner-city derstands that life comes with tests. signing a dollar value to each life sacrificed for the greater good of “I reject this idea that the peo- health centers, while gradually re- peril as long as measures are tak- “You have to crack the back of that might be saved. If a new rule restoring the economy quickly. To ple who are for keeping the econ- opening businesses, schools and en to minimize it. “If you reduce the personal health piece before costs billions of dollars but would many, that sounds unthinkable, omy shut down are the angels be- other venues in stages with pre- the speed limit dramatically, you’d you can crack the back of the eco- only prevent a few dozen deaths, it but less inflammatory experts cause they’re the ones who care cautions like masks, gloves and have less deaths,” Mr. Emanuel nomic piece,” he said this week. likely would not be adopted — and policymakers also acknowl- about human life,” said Mr. Moore, social distancing. said. “But we allow it to go to a cer- Noting that 177 people in his state even though someone would die edge that there are enormous who has coordinated with lock- All of which could mitigate fu- tain level.” died the day before, he added: as a result. costs to keeping so much of the down protesters. “What about the ture infections but would not halt In a separate call, Ezekiel “The house is still on fire and the The idea that the government work force idle, with many of the poverty? What about the sui- them. The reason the death toll Emanuel said: “I think Rahm is fire brigade is still out there trying translates life to dollars and cents unemployed struggling to pay for cides? What about the child abuse projection may be closer to 60,000 wrong on how bad it could be by to put the fire out.” may sound bloodless but it is not food, shelter or medical care for cases and the alcoholism and the rather than the 2 million of one es- letting it run around the popula- The situation, not surprisingly, unusual. A White House report other health challenges. drug overdoes and the depression timate was because society large- tion. I’m not for keeping the econ- looks different in different parts of And so the nation’s leaders are from 2017, for instance, estimated and all of the negative effects to ly shut down. One recent study omy closed forever. Sometimes the country. The trade-offs in Wy- left with the excruciating dilemma the cost of 41,000 deaths attribut- health and well-being that are as- said that the 60,000 deaths would my brother paints me in a picture. oming, where there have been six of figuring out how to balance life ed to opioid overdoses in 2015 at sociated with an economy in re- have been 6,000 had quarantine But you have to do it safely. Safely deaths, or in Hawaii, with 12 and livelihood on a scale unseen in $431.7 billion, an average of $10.5 cession?” measures been imposed just two doesn’t mean no deaths. I never deaths, hardly compare to those in generations. “Every governor in million per person. Studies show that depression, weeks earlier. So easing measures said no Covid deaths. But you New Jersey, where more than the nation is asking that,” Gov. By that calculation, the 60,000 drug use and suicides spike dur- Gretchen Whitmer of Michigan, means the death toll will go up have to do it in a way that is meas- 5,000 have died, or in New York, deaths projected from the coro- even with safeguards. ured, not irresponsible where ing economic hardship, including where 2,700 have died and more where more than 15,000 have died. navirus would be valued at $631.8 after the last recession, and the than 1 million have lost jobs, said But remaining closed is not you’re going to get to 2 million The United States has always billion — while the roughly 2 mil- without a cost either. In just four deaths.” all-consuming focus of the medi- this week. “There’s no such thing tolerated a certain amount of pre- lion lives theoretically saved by cal system on the coronavirus in weeks, a staggering 22 million The trade-offs have stirred an- as zero risk in the world in which ventable death. To use Rahm lockdowns would be worth about certain areas has delayed other Americans have lost their jobs, gry exchanges since the start of we’re living. But we know that not Emanuel’s example, Americans $21 trillion, or nearly eight times medical care. Yet that might be the equivalent of the entire labor the lockdowns. Lt. Gov. Dan Pat- taking measures to control the reduce traffic fatalities by requir- the $2.7 trillion in relief spending offset by falling violent crime, car force of 23 states. rick of Texas, who is 70, said last spread means that’s going to ing seatbelts and airbags, impos- brokered by Congress and Treas- crashes, workplace accidents and The question divides not only month that older people like him- translate into lives lost.” air pollution. Vehicle collisions in the nation but even families. self should be ready to risk death With no cure available for the California decreased by half after Rahm Emanuel, the former may- to save the economy for their coronavirus and no vaccine likely its stay-at-home order went into or of Chicago and White House grandchildren, comments he de- for another year or more, gover- effect while murder and air pollu- chief of staff, and his brother, Dr. fended on Fox News on Monday nors in hard-hit states are seeking tion are each down 25 percent in Ezekiel J. Emanuel, a prominent night. In a separate appearance ways to minimize the number of New York City. medical ethicist and vice provost on Fox last week, Dr. Mehmet Oz, additional deaths by staging and Some scholars argue that re- of global initiatives at the Univer- the television host, cited a study to structuring any reopening. Time opening too quickly would actu- sity of Pennsylvania, have en- and testing are key, according to argue that reopening schools ally hurt the economy, particu- gaged in a running quarrel about public health experts. The longer “may only cost us 2 to 3 percent in larly if it resulted in a second wave how soon society should reopen. a quarantine can be extended the terms of total mortality,” calling it that destroyed public confidence. better, they say, and the more test- Rahm Emanuel considers it un- “a trade-off some folks would con- A study of the 1918 influenza pan- ing made available, the easier it tenable to keep most of the coun- sider.” After a backlash, he said he demic found that cities that closed would be to properly calibrate a try closed until the virus is com- “misspoke” and expressed regret schools and banned public gather- reopening and respond to any new pletely under control, while that he “confused and upset peo- ings earlier and kept them shut outbreak. Ezekiel Emanuel maintains that ple.” longer not only had fewer deaths Pushing to restore business the pandemic is too much of a Some of those charged with but emerged better economically. sooner rather than later, Mr. threat to rush back to life as usual. making these decisions said far Governor Murphy said resum- Trump has dismissed waiting un- “There’s nothing you can do more information is required to ing public life would not succeed if til comprehensive testing pro- risk free. Nothing,” Rahm Eman- reopen with enough confidence to people did not feel certain that the vides a better map of where the in- uel said last week. “And the miss- constrain further spread of the vi- DESIREE RIOS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES virus had been contained. Indeed, fection has spread. Instead, the ing ingredient is what do you think rus and avoid a deadly second 76 percent of Americans said so- federal government’s guidelines the public can accept and what wave. Gov. Philip D. Murphy of Only essential businesses are open in most states. Above, a cial distancing should continue as envision “sentinel surveillance” will you do to be forthright and New Jersey said his state would produce delivery in Jackson Heights, Queens, on Monday. long as needed to curb the virus even if it meant continued damage to the economy, according to a new poll by Politico and Morning 60,000 22 million 2 / 15,000+ 38,800 4,750 76% Consult, while just 14 percent fa- PROJECTED U.S. DEATH TOLL JOBS LOST TOLL IN WYOMING/NEW YORK DEATHS IN AUTO ACCIDENTS RECESSION SUICIDE SPIKE NO SAFETY, NO RESTART vored an end to restrictions to The reason this number In four weeks, the equiva- The trade-offs in states with Last year, car crashes killed Studies show that suicides Gov. Philip D. Murphy of stimulate the economy even if it meant spreading the virus. may be far less than the lent of the entire labor force few deaths hardly compare tens of thousands of Ameri- rise during economic hard- New Jersey said that re- “If you opened every restaurant initial forecast of two mil- of 23 states has been put with those in New York, cans, but to use an argu- ship. A report in The Lancet suming public life would not in New Jersey tomorrow, I don’t lion was that society largely out of work. with over 15,000 deaths, or ment from the former medical journal estimated succeed if people do not think anybody would show up,” shut down. One recent New Jersey, where more Chicago Mayor Rahm nearly 5,000 additional feel certain that the virus Governor Murphy said. “It’s not study estimated that the than 4,200 have perished. Emanuel, the government suicides in the United has been contained, if not like we’re holding back some pent- toll would have been just reduces traffic fatalities by States during the Great beaten. And the vast major- up demand. I don’t blame them — 6,000 had quarantine requiring seatbelts and Recession. Moreover, the ity of Americans in a new there are folks out there who are measures been imposed airbags, imposing speed focus of the medical system poll by Politico and Morning frustrated, who have cabin fever, two weeks earlier. limits and employing police. on the coronavirus in cer- Consult said social distanc- who want to break free. So do I, by But the only way to stop all tain areas has delayed ing should continue as long the way. But I think folks also want crashes — banning cars — other medical care. as needed even if it further to have confidence that they’re is untenable. damages the economy. not going to get sick and die.” A14 0 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

Tracking an Outbreak The Economy

LOAN DISTRIBUTION As Businesses Waited, Banks Steered Richest Clients Toward Federal Aid them told her that Santander was From Page A1 not yet ready to take applications. tives to walk them through every That changed after Ms. Choplet step and submit their paperwork. emailed her banker to say she was The two-tiered system paid off leaving. for well-to-do customers: By the “All of a sudden the door time the Paycheck Protection Pro- opened,” she said. Her banker told gram ran out of money last week, her she had escalated Ms. many top clients of national and Choplet’s file and that the bank regional banks had already had would take her application manu- their loans approved. ally. Ms. Choplet said she called Other business owners were the branch manager who had ear- left empty-handed, and many had lier told her repeatedly that no ap- struggled from the start. At plications were being accepted Chase, a portal accepting prelimi- and asked him if he had known nary requests to apply was only they could be done by hand, in per- sporadically accessible on April 3, son. He said yes. the first day of the program. The “I was speaking directly to best that customers could hope for someone looking into my eyes and was a call back from a Chase rep- telling me, ‘We’re not ready,’” she resentative — days later — to pro- said. “He lied.” Ms. Choplet didn’t ceed with the next steps. get the loan because the money And a full week after the pro- ran out, but her banker will put in gram’s introduction, Citi’s website an application once new funds are was offering retail customers only released. a chance to submit their names Laurie Kight, a Santander and contact information to ex- spokeswoman, said the bank press their desire to apply for the could not comment on specific program. The bank then reached customers. “Unfortunately, we, out to some, but not all, of those like other banks, were unable to customers to invite them to sub- help every customer who ex- mit full applications; thousands of pressed interest in obtaining a people never got to apply. Citi’s loan from the initial funds Con- private banking clients didn’t gress appropriated,” Ms. Kight have to apply online via the portal, said. according to a person with knowl- She added that Santander was edge of Citi’s operations. “working around the clock to ex- pand our processing capacity to Banks, including regional lend- JOSE A. ALVARADO JR. FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES ers like First Horizon, in Mem- be prepared to help as many more phis, weren’t entirely driven by fi- Nadeige Choplet, who owns a studio and gallery in Brooklyn, said Santander initially told her it was not ready to take applications. customers as possible seek loans nancial motives in placing when additional funding becomes wealthy clients first, even though Chase’s retail bank, where they system was in place as soon as the getting the kind of personal atten- League, a civil rights group based available.” they stood to make bigger fees normally did business, got loans, S.B.A. began accepting applica- tion that the small business bank- in New York. Mr. Morial noted At U.S. Bank, bankers were from bigger loans. Since banks according to the bank. In all, tions. When the Treasury Depart- ing customers had sought. These that 80 percent of all small busi- overwhelmed by tens of thou- typically have extensive contact Chase handed out $14 billion ment released guidance to banks were clients of the private bank — nesses had just one employee, the sands of applications, each of with their wealthiest or biggest through the program — more than just hours before the program people with at least $10 million in owner. For African-American- which required an employee to in- clients, who do a lot of business, any other bank, but still less than opened, leaders of Chase’s retail assets — or customers who had owned businesses, that percent- dividually review and verify the they already had much of their cli- half of the $36 billion that bank hosted a nationwide confer- gotten loans through JPMorgan’s age was closer to 90 percent. borrower’s financial details. A ents’ financial information, mak- customers had sought. ence call to provide workers with commercial bank. “They’re family-owned and group inside the bank came up ing the paperwork easier. On the The first tranche of money was directions on how to handle A JPMorgan employee was as- they don’t have C.F.O.s, financial with a shortcut for the most lucra- other hand, banks had to build distributed in a way that favored customers, according to two em- signed to those customers to shep- advisers and lawyers,” he said. tive business clients: It put to- new mechanisms for processing larger businesses, according to ployees of the retail bank. herd their applications through “It’s not fair that this is about who gether a dedicated team to handle loan requests from their retail cli- data from the Small Business Ad- Chase employees were already the process, providing what one has the best connection with their those V.I.P. customers’ applica- ents. ministration. Loans of more than getting calls and emails from long- person familiar with the operation banker.” tions. That team processed appli- Banks typically categorize indi- $1 million made up just 4 percent standing customers, who thought called “concierge treatment.” Nadeige Choplet, who owns a cations much faster than rank- viduals and small businesses as of those approved, but they that their relationships with They never had to wait for an on- ceramics studio and gallery in and-file workers could, according retail customers, while bigger cli- sucked up 45 percent of the dollars branch managers and bankers line portal. They never found Brooklyn, discovered that San- to a person familiar with the ents such as professional firms disbursed. would get them some personal themselves in a backed-up queue. tander had a separate system for bank’s operations. are handled through the commer- Banks say they will get to more help. On the call, the bank’s lead- “We worked as quickly as possi- some clients only after she in- A U.S. Bank spokesman de- cial operation, where they get of their small customers when the ers told branch employees who ble in a race against time, volume formed a business banker there clined to comment. more personal attention. Private program reopens. On Tuesday, the normally dealt with customers and manual processes,” said Pa- that she was closing the account At First Horizon Bank, wealthy banks serve extremely wealthy Senate approved $320 billion in not to get involved in the applica- tricia Wexler, a JPMorgan spokes- she’d had for 15 years. Ms. Choplet customers got personal assist- individuals. fresh funding for the program, tion process. If business owners woman, in response to questions told the banker she was planning ance from loan officers. Only At JPMorgan, nearly all of the which is being administered by called to ask about their applica- about how the bank handled to move her money to another about half of $1.6 billion the bank 8,500 commercial and private the S.B.A. The House is expected tions — even if they were well- customers’ loan requests. “We bank, where she thought she distributed under the program banking clients who applied for a to approve the funds on Thursday. known customers — employees will work diligently with the might actually have a shot at ap- went to small business customers, loan got one. That included com- This time, $60 billion will be set were to tell them not to worry, that S.B.A. and Treasury to serve as plying for aid. according to a spokeswoman, like panies like the sandwich chain aside for loans through small their applications were in a queue many small businesses as possi- For two weeks, she had been hair salons and restaurants. Of the Potbelly and the pharmaceutical banks and community develop- and would be processed as quickly ble.” calling and making in-person vis- 5,500 loans the bank made, the company MannKind. At the same ment financial institutions, which as possible. “The banks should be pre- its to her local Santander branch spokeswoman said, 47 percent time, only 18,000 of more than reach more mom-and-pop Meanwhile, far wealthier cli- vented from giving preference,” and speaking with employees, in- went to privately owned midsize 300,000 small business banking customers. ents in another part of JPMor- said Marc Morial, the chief execu- cluding the branch manager, who businesses, a category that could customers who applied through At JPMorgan, the two-tiered gan’s sprawling operations were tive of the National Urban knew her well, she said. All of include law firms.

THE MIDWEST FEDERAL RELIEF Virus Turns Factory Towns Into Latest Hot Zones McConnell Wants States

said. “A lot of people are scared.” From Page A1 Across the country, everyone is To Consider Bankruptcy Smithfield meatpacking plant in looking ahead to reopening the Sioux Falls, S.D., has nearly 1,000 economy. Mr. Hu is no different, By CARL HULSE McConnell the Marie Antoinette cases tied to its facility. And a JBS even though the possibility seems WASHINGTON — Senator of the Senate,” Mr. King said on pork plant in Worthington, Minn.; tenuous in the small community Mitch McConnell took a hard line Twitter on Wednesday night. a Hormel food processing facility that is in the midst of managing on Wednesday against giving States do not now have the abil- in Rochelle, Ill.; and a ConAgra such a large outbreak. states more federal aid in emer- ity to declare bankruptcy to re- food processing plant in Marshall, The Tyson plant shut down on gency pandemic relief legislation, duce their financial obligations, Mo., are among others that have April 6, and Mr. Hu said that his saying that those suffering short- but Mr. McConnell raised the pos- reported significant outbreaks. optimism was bolstered after he falls amid the coronavirus crisis sibility of letting them do so. Infections can spread fast in the learned that the plant partially re- should consider bankruptcy. “I would certainly be in favor of facilities as employees work side opened this week. Company offi- “I think this whole business of allowing states to use the bank- by side and gather in cafeterias or cials said that the facility had been additional assistance for state and ruptcy route,” he said. “It saves locker rooms. In many rural Mid- disinfected and that they were local governments needs to be some cities. And there’s no good western areas, these businesses checking employees’ tempera- thoroughly evaluated,” Mr. Mc- reason for it not to be available.” are often the only large work- tures, installing workstation di- Connell, Republican of Kentucky The Democratic push for more places for miles around. viders and requiring face cover- and the majority leader, said in an federal aid to states and cities was The new outbreaks have an out- ings for workers. interview with the conservative a major sticking point in the latest size impact on families, congrega- Sick employees will be better round of legislation to respond to JOSEPH CRESS/IOWA CITY PRESS-CITIZEN, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS radio host Hugh Hewitt. “There’s tions and, in particular, other busi- soon, Mr. Hu predicted, and then not going to be any desire on the the outbreak, slated to clear Con- Main Street in Columbus Junction, Iowa, which is rattled by a gress on Thursday, with Senate nesses in communities that are they will start shopping again. Republican side to bail out state coronavirus outbreak at a Tyson pork plant on the town’s edge. Republicans refusing to budge on trying to think about reopening as The owners of Dairy Sweet, a pensions by borrowing money the issue in negotiations. some political leaders in state cap- part-year operation about two from future generations.” Mr. McConnell had already itals and in Washington call for the glass and cocktails to-go. the plant’s 1,400 employees have miles from the Tyson plant, Mr. McConnell’s comments made it clear on Tuesday that he beginnings of a return to eco- “We’re going to have to reinvent tested positive for the virus. Two opened two weeks ahead of its were an explicit rejection of a top usual seasonal schedule after would approach the next round of nomic normalcy. the restaurant industry,” he said. employees have died. priority of Democrats who have they realized business at their emergency funding much more “It’s going to be a new normal In Madison, Neb., residents are The plant looms large over the pushed to spend tens of billions to other restaurant, the 92 Road- cautiously. He went further in his for us,” said Michael Schepp, bracing for a broader spread of town, its tentacles reaching a help states. His staff members house Bar and Grill, was too comments on Wednesday, saying owner of Helix Wine and Bites, a the virus after six cases were re- church where sickened employ- highlighted their partisan cast in a restaurant in Grand Forks, N.D., scarce to keep it open for carryout, that he did not want Washington ported at a Tyson plant on Sunday. ees are among congregants and news release, in which his state- where public health officials have said Ms. Johnston, the Dairy rescuing the pension plans of The plant is the biggest work- now in need of prayers and gro- ment appeared under the heading traced at least 128 positive cases Sweet manager. states that were struggling to place around, with Madison resi- cery deliveries, and a day care fa- “Stopping Blue State Bailouts.” of the virus to a wind power plant. Ms. Johnston said she sensed keep up with their commitments dents and commuters among its cility that had already seen its The phrase suggested he was sin- Earlier this week, the plant, that the community was starting to an array of union workers. employees. Some local businesses numbers shrink and decided to gling out the hardest hit, heavily called LM Wind Power, which is to feel a bit more at ease in recent “We’ll certainly insist that any- such as Burrito King, a beloved send home children whose par- Democratic states such as Califor- owned by General Electric, closed days. She has “adopted” a high thing we’d borrow to send down to restaurant, have closed com- ents worked at the plant. nia, Illinois and New York. for what it said would be at least pletely. In the community of about It affected the clients of the vet- school senior, a volunteer project the states is not spent on solving two weeks so it could be disin- to send small gifts to students The remarks drew a caustic re- problems that they created for 2,400 residents, volunteers have erinary practice of Mike Todd, action from Gov. Andrew M. fected. Along with a university who passes by the Tyson plant on whose final high school year has themselves over the years with donated floral bouquets and cup- Cuomo of New York, who called and a hospital system, the plant is cakes to nursing home residents his way to farms to treat large ani- been cut short. She offered on their pension programs,” he said. the bankruptcy suggestion “one one of the biggest employers in who can no longer receive visitors mals, a part of his business he still Facebook to buy groceries for Mr. McConnell is likely to run of the saddest, really dumb com- Grand Forks. because of the virus threat, and operates because he can maintain anyone in need. So far, she has had into considerable resistance to his ments of all time.” The outbreak was another blow the fire department has offered to social distancing easily in a barn no takers. position from the White House, for business owners like Mr. drive by, sirens blaring, the homes or a pasture. Ms. Johnston is trying to stay “OK, let’s have all the states de- congressional Democrats, gover- Schepp, who had been scrambling of children celebrating birthdays. Mr. Todd is slowly trying to re- healthy. She is downing extra vita- clare bankruptcy — that’s the way nors of both parties and even to figure out how the restaurant Nebraska’s governor, Pete Rick- open his Louisa Veterinary Clinic. min C and elderberry supple- to bring the national economy some lawmakers in his own party. could reopen its dining room. etts, a Republican, who has de- He’s vaccinating puppies to pre- ments. Her hands are chapped back,” he said. After the Senate vote Tuesday, “As a city we were in really good clined to issue a blanket stay-at- vent illness. And on Tuesday, he from washing them so much. Mr. Cuomo accused Mr. McCon- top Democrats said that President shape leading up to that, but it home order, has called for a grad- removed a tumor from a dog. He At Dairy Sweet, employees nell of hyperpartisanship, criticiz- Trump was open to the idea of shows you how quickly this thing ual reopening of the economy plans to allow for more elective wear masks and gloves. They rub ing him for distinguishing among helping states with their pension can change,” he said. starting next month. But Madison procedures in the days to come. credit cards with Clorox wipes be- states based on their political issues and that Mr. McConnell had Gov. Doug Burgum of North Da- is planning to take things extra “We’re just being careful,” he fore and after handling them. leanings, rather than “states been the chief obstacle to getting kota, a Republican, has called for a slowly, Al Brandl, the mayor, said. said. “Everything is a risk to some Other than that, the business where people are dying. Why money for local governments this reopening of the economy on May “We want to just get through extent.” hasn’t changed much since it first don’t we think about that? Not red time around. 1. Mr. Schepp hopes that by then this,” he said. On Main Street in Columbus opened in 1956. and blue. Red, white and blue. Democrats were also confident he can allow a limited number of In Columbus Junction, practi- Junction, Five Star Grocery is still It never had a dining room; They’re just Americans dying.” that Congress would move for- patrons in his dining room. But he cally everyone in the community open, but Joseph Hu, the owner, customers place orders at a Representative Peter T. King of ward with more relief for states, said he is not sure exactly how of 2,000 residents works at the allows just two people inside at a pickup window or a drive- New York, a fellow Republican, with Democratic leaders of the that would work. In the meantime, Tyson plant or knows someone time. His small store caters to fel- through. In that way, Dairy Sweet called Mr. McConnell’s remarks House and Senate promising a ro- he has been serving wine by the who does. And now, after the out- low Burmese immigrants who is one of the few places in town “shameful and indefensible.” “To bust program. Several Republican break at the plant this month, moved to the town to work at the that feels normal. Most days, in say that it is ‘free money’ to pro- lawmakers have introduced or Mitch Smith and Jack Healy con- nearly everyone knows someone pork plant. “Now that the virus is fact, business is way up, double its vide funds for cops, firefighters signed on to proposals to provide tributed reporting. who has the virus. Almost 150 of here, nobody is shopping,” Mr. Hu usual, she said. and healthcare workers makes huge sums to struggling states. THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N A15

Tracking an Outbreak U.S. Response

HIGHER EDUCATION After Criticism, Harvard QUARANTINE DIARIES: TANYA Won’t Take Federal Aid

By ANEMONA HARTOCOLLIS The relief package included Harvard University announced nearly $14 billion to help higher Wednesday that it would not education, and institutions said accept $8.6 million in taxpayer much more was needed. About money that the university was half of the money is designated set to receive as part of an emer- for emergency grants to students gency relief package for higher to cover food, housing, course education, whose losses have materials, technology and health been mounting during the coro- care needs associated with the navirus pandemic. disruption caused by the virus. The school’s decision came a How Was the Money Awarded? day after President Trump criti- Almost all of the higher educa- cized Harvard for receiving tion relief money, $12.6 billion, federal relief funds despite its was designated by Congress for large endowment, valued at $41 about 4,500 colleges and univer- billion before the pandemic. sities that are eligible for federal “Harvard’s going to pay back the financial aid, ranging from Ivy money,” he declared. League universities to trade Harvard said on Wednesday schools. that there had been a lot of “con- The rest was reserved for fusion” surrounding the emer- institutions that primarily serve gency fund, and that the univer- minority populations, and for sity “did not apply for this sup- grants to institutions that were port, nor has it requested, re- particularly hard hit by the virus, ceived or accessed these funds.” mainly smaller colleges whose Mr. Trump had criticized the economic survival is threatened. university in response to a re- The distribution formula set by porter’s question on Tuesday Congress is based on the federal about a different relief fund financial aid distribution system, meant for small businesses. weighted toward students who Harvard, which had previously receive federal Pell Grants. The said it would use all of the federal bigger a school’s student body, money to support students in and the more low-income stu- need, opted not to take it after dents, the more money a school two days of attacks by an array is entitled to receive. of critics, including Mr. Trump The formula excludes students and several Republican con- who were enrolled exclusively in gressmen, who said it was un- online coursework before the seemly for the country’s richest pandemic. university to take taxpayer Because it was based on a money during a crisis that has formula, the actual distribution left millions of Americans with- of the money is “purely mechan- out jobs. ical” and not influenced by other At least two other elite univer- factors, including the size of a sities, Princeton and Stanford, university’s endowment, said TANYA DENISE FIELDS also announced on Wednesday Terry Hartle, a senior vice presi- Chaotic family life in a cramped apartment in the Bronx, To watch Tanya Fields’s video go to: nytimes.com/video that they would not be taking the dent at the American Council on money designated to them Education, a trade group. through a $14 billion federal aid In a letter to college and uni- package for higher education. versity presidents on April 9, ‘This Is Crazy’ The money was part of a $2 Betsy DeVos, the education trillion relief package that Mr. secretary, acknowledged the crudeness of the formula and 6 Kids, 1 Dog and a Mom Who Has Covid-19 urged universities to donate their grants to more needy institutions By CORINA KNOLL within their state or region if they saw fit. Within this three-bedroom Meet the Family South Bronx apartment, a rau- Why the Criticism? cous soundtrack plays: children’s Harvard is the most well-heeled squabbles and TV shows and university in the world, with an laughter and the wail of sirens endowment of $40.9 billion as of that sail in from the fire station last June. Harvard has said that across the street. like other endowments, its in- Tanya Denise Fields, her six vestments have suffered signifi- children and her cant losses during the crisis. partner, Mustaphai, In an April 13 message to the (plus Pebbles the Harvard community, its presi- dog) have learned TRISTAN SPINSKI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES dent, Larry Bacow, acknowl- that chaos and tedi- edged that the university was Harvard said it had not applied um can coexist in the for pandemic relief funds. better positioned to weather the economic hardship than most most extreme ways. institutions. Still, he said, he was Since New York Trump signed into law on March announcing an immediate hiring City shut down last Tanya, 39 Mustaphai, 33 27. freeze, a pause in discretionary month, the family members have Social justice advocate Production assistant for Show- Some 5,000 American colleges, spending and a review of capital been forced to fully intertwine time’s “Desus & Mero” universities and trade schools projects. their once disparate lives. Ms. are set to receive federal fund- But the optics of a wealthy Fields’s children all attend differ- ing. Although the money was university receiving taxpayer ent schools but now find them- allocated through a formula money when 22 million Ameri- selves jammed in the corners of taking into account the size and cans have lost their jobs did not their windowless living room or income of their student bodies, sit well with many. Several mem- sprawled out on a bed. universities could not access the bers of Congress, including Sena- Everyone is desperate for a funds without requesting it from tor Ted Cruz, Republican of moment of solitude. And everyone the Education Department. Har- Texas, and Rep. Mark Green, has nerves that everyone is get- vard said it would not submit its Republican of Tennessee, criti- ting on. paperwork. cized Harvard on Twitter in “Usually I only see them for a Harvard said in a statement recent days. Mr. Cruz, a Harvard few hours a day, like, after school, that it faced “significant financial Law School graduate who voted but now they’re here all the time,” challenges” because of the pan- for the CARES Act, said that for said Trist’ann, 15, of her family. demic and the resulting eco- Harvard to get taxpayer relief For Ms. Fields, 39, who runs the nomic crisis. was “ridiculous.” nonprofit Black Feminist Project “We are also concerned, how- Mr. Trump added to the criti- and films cooking videos for social Taylor, 17 Trist’ann, 15 ever,” the university said, “that cism at his nightly briefing on media, managing a household of High school senior and budding Artist learning about fashion who the intense focus by politicians Tuesday. His treasury secretary, eight under quarantine has been filmmaker who likes horror films loves to sleep and binge-watch TV and others on Harvard in con- Steven Mnuchin, was asked an absurd task. nection with this program may about Shake Shack, the restau- “This is crazy,” she said. “I’m undermine participation in a rant chain, which had received relief effort that Congress creat- and returned $10 million in stim- working full time, all the Zoom ed and the President signed into ulus money from the Paycheck meetings and texts, trying to get law for the purpose of helping Protection Program, a different my kids through school, making students and institutions whose part of the CARES Act. sure they stick to classwork and financial challenges in the com- Mr. Mnuchin said he was don’t sneak off to watch YouTube, ing months may be most severe.” “pleased to see that Shake Shack keeping the house clean, making Here is a closer look at the returned the money.” The intent lunches.” higher education relief fund and of the program, he said, was “not A couple of weeks ago, Ms. the controversy surrounding it. for big public companies that Fields was floored by the sudden have access to capital.” onset of a fever, chills and chest Why Are Colleges Receiving Aid? At that point, Mr. Trump pain, symptoms that sent her to The Higher Education Emer- jumped in to say, “And not for the hospital, where she tested gency Relief Fund was created Harvard, you might say, Steve.” positive for Covid-19. She could do as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Asked by a reporter if other little but sleep for days. Lola, 10 Relief and Economic Security big companies were going to “It looked like the ghost of John Thomas, 11 Act. Known as the CARES Act, it return their money, Mr. Trump Belushi and the whole cast of Anime fan who makes his own Artist and gymnast who does was passed by Congress in late said, “Yup, Harvard’s going to ‘Animal House’ had run through lo-fi beats backflips on her mother’s bed March to provide economic as- pay back the money.” here,” Ms. Fields said after spend- sistance for workers, families, ing a day in bed. Harvard’s Share, Compared small businesses, students and She has been unconcerned with schools affected by the coro- Because of the funding formula, keeping up with what life once navirus pandemic. Harvard’s share was in line with looked like, instead trying to find Colleges and universities have that of other similar institutions. levity and beauty in the family’s been among the institutions Some of the biggest grants went new situation. She likes to gather facing the biggest losses. Begin- to state universities, which tend her kids to do yoga, make Rice ning in about mid-March, they to be very large and have large Krispies treats and play board ordered most students to evacu- shares of low-income students. games — activities to remind ate dormitories and campuses. Arizona State University, for They shut down dining halls, instance, was allocated the most, them that their lively home can libraries, gyms and science cen- $63.5 million, because it has also be a place of comfort. ters, and moved classes online. 83,000 students and 40,000 of “You would think that being The cost of these shutdowns them are low-income, according sheltered in place means you was high, and schools are still to the trade group. have more control, but I actually feel a deep loss of control,” Ms. not sure whether they will be The formula for disbursing Hunter, 5 Chase, 4 able to open normally in the fall. funds to universities did not take Fields said. Book lover and champion tag Affectionate preschooler who is Senior executives at many uni- a school’s endowment into ac- “So I’ve been very intentional versities have taken pay cuts; count. The University of Texas about trying to make sure that I player (says she’s faster than into “Sesame Street” faculty salaries have been frozen system, which had a $31 billion can acknowledge that and tap into Chase) and construction projects sus- endowment in 2018, the second- it and still stay in good spirits. pended. Many schools have largest in the country, will get Because I need to be able to mod- returned unused room and board $172.5 million from the stimulus el that for my children.” fees and continued to pay con- package, including $31 million for tract workers even when they its flagship institution, the Uni- are not needed. versity of Texas at Austin. A16 0 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

Tracking an Outbreak New York City

ESSENTIAL SERVICES Around the U.S. Struggling to Keep Workers Safe in a Fast-Changing Crisis And the Region By JEFFERY C. MAYS said then. and J. DAVID GOODMAN The city had to re-evaluate who REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH For two weeks after the first was an essential employee: work- confirmed case of coronavirus ers involved in responding to the Texas Plans to Allow Covid-19 emergency; people emerged in New York, 33,000 city Abortions to Resume employees were still punching in whose work protects and saves and out of work by resting their lives; and others who operate the In a surprise move on Wednesday hands on a shared scanner. Sani- systems and critical equipment night, the authorities in Texas tizer was placed nearby. It often that allow the government to be abandoned their fight to include ran out. productive and generate revenue. abortion in a list of medical pro- Laura Feyer, a City Hall spokes- Some city workers, concerned cedures that must be delayed about infection, took to wearing woman, said that New York had broad plans in place before the cri- during the coronavirus pandemic. masks and gloves on the job. At During the weeks of legal wran- least one agency ordered them to sis to ensure the city could still op- gling that went all of the way to stop because they might induce erate in an emergency. the Supreme Court, Texas had panic. “In this unprecedented crisis, “Staff are NOT permitted to use we have managed to quickly mo- argued that abortion was like any masks or gloves while serving cli- bilize the city work force to adapt other elective surgery, and should ents,” read an email sent on March to the current reality,” said Ms. be delayed to preserve the per- 12 to members of the city’s Human Feyer, adding that the number of sonal protective equipment Resources Administration. city employees working from needed by medical workers ex- That same day, Mayor Bill de home is “nothing short of incredi- posed to the virus. Blasio announced that the city ble.” Lawyers for abortion clinics would begin a work-from-home By the middle of April, the city said the state was using the pan- was requiring one-third of its policy for municipal employees, demic to advance its own agenda, work force — emergency re- even though many of its agencies and took the state to court. sponders, hospital staff and sani- were not capable of implementing Abortion access in Texas swung it. tation workers, but also tens of wildly for a month, with clinics The coronavirus pandemic has thousands of people who handle DESIREE RIOS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES canceling dozens of appointments posed a slew of challenges that are records, cook in cafeterias and unprecedented in modern history, The Sanitation Department still has to pick up garbage. A worker disinfected a truck last week. tend to parks — to show up to and rescheduling them days later, forcing governments around the work, city officials said. as the case bounced through the world to take extraordinary meas- Nearly two-thirds of city work- court system. Texas residents ures to try to curb the outbreak as ers are people of color, a number scrambled, with some traveling the number of cases has sur- that is even higher in many front- long distances to clinics in nearby passed 2.4 million. line and health care agencies. states like Kansas and Colorado. New York City, like many other More than 80 percent of the em- The changes took effect at governments, adopted policies ployees of the city’s hospital sys- midnight on Tuesday, and lawyers that adhered to guidelines issued tem, all of whom have been for the clinics said that by deemed essential, are nonwhite. by the Centers for Disease Control Wednesday morning, all clinics and Prevention and the World So are a majority of police officers. Henry Garrido, the head of Dis- had complied with the order and Health Organization. As the virus were starting to perform abor- quickly spread, city and state offi- trict Council 37, said he felt pride tions again. cials took a more aggressive pos- in the work of essential city em- ture: Large gatherings were ployees, but questioned the cost to banned, schools were closed and their health. He characterized the businesses were ordered to have federal government’s inability to FOURTH OF JULY their workers telecommute. provide access to protective gear But when it came to its own for front-line workers “unforgiv- Macy’s Fireworks Show huge work force of more than able” and added that the city’s ef- Will Go On, Mayor Vows 300,000 full-time employees, New forts were “simply not enough.” York City faced a different chal- “Our members are still dying Mayor Bill de Blasio promised lenge: how to keep essential lev- from exposure, and we cannot that despite the city’s current els of government functioning undo the damage that has been shutdown and dire prospects, the without unduly exposing workers done to our members and their annual Macy’s Fourth of July to the virus. families,” he said. pyrotechnic display will light up “We have less flexibility be- Even when a city agency wants the sky this summer. cause our people have to be where to have more of its staff working “One thing we know for sure,” they have to be when they have to from home, the logistics can be Mr. de Blasio said Wednesday in a daunting. Social workers for the be,” Mr. de Blasio said at a news video posted on Twitter. “We will conference last month. “Our first GARETH SMIT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES Administration for Children Serv- ices cannot investigate child find a way to put on a show that responders, our teachers, our Police officers in Brooklyn in March. Eighteen percent of the officers were out sick by mid-April. will show how much we love our health experts, you know, our abuse claims using video confer- country.” nurses, our doctors have to be encing, officials pointed out. Sani- where we need them.” tation workers have to toss He elaborated at his morning City Hall officials defended the bulging trash bags onto the back briefing: “This is a day we cannot way that the de Blasio administra- of garbage trucks. Workers who miss, this is a celebration that has tion has balanced the need to keep maintain the water supply must to happen. Come hell or high the city running while protecting access the aquifers. water we are going to do this.” its workers. “One of the challenges we have The response on Twitter was “All of our guidance to the staff is converting client services that swift and furious. Some people was consistent with what the sci- are delivered from office settings apparently felt the festive prom- ence and the situation dictated,” to be delivered remotely,” said ise showed misplaced priorities. Steven Banks, the commissioner Michael Lanza, a spokesman for “How about u stop worrying of the Department of Social Serv- the city health department, said. about Celebrations and fix this Yet in some instances, the city ices, who oversees the city’s city,” one user asked. seemed slow to adapt. Hand scan- homeless shelters as well as its ners remained in use for city em- benefits offices. “How about Macy’s just gives ployees to punch in and out of At the Buildings Department, all that money to supermarket, work until March 15, three days af- about 40 percent of its nearly delivery and healthcare work- ter the mayor had declared a state 2,000-person staff was still work- ers?” asked another. of emergency in New York. ing in the field or in the office — Others noted that last month, In early March, the state was including inspectors and field en- Macy’s furloughed most of its recommending quarantine for gineers. 125,000 employees nationwide. anyone who had been in close con- At the Parks Department, about Though Macy’s does not pub- tact with someone who had the vi- 90 percent of nearly 8,000 full- licly disclose the cost of its Fourth rus. Yet the city health depart- time workers have been deemed of July Fireworks Spectacular, essential, and three-quarters of ment was advising its workers which last year set off 70,000 the staff was still reporting to that if they were exposed to the vi- shells from barges along the East rus but had no symptoms, they work — maintaining the green River, it has been estimated to should “be reporting to work as space and also enforcing social usual,” according to a message to distancing rules. cost around $6 million in fire- employees reviewed by The New KEVIN HAGEN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES Even though city schools have works alone, according to the York Times. At the Parks Department, about 90 percent of nearly 8,000 full-time workers are deemed essential. been closed since mid-March, financial information site And because the city did not about 11,500 employees at the Ed- Bankrate.com. have enough protective gear for ucation Department show up to front line workers, District Coun- work each day, according to a cil 37, the city’s largest municipal spokeswoman, out of a usual full- ECONOMIC HARDSHIP union, in early April purchased time staff that approaches 125,000 N95 masks for its mem- 150,000. Cuomo and Reporter bers, 80 of whom have died from The agency has been operating the virus. centers for the children of emer- Tangle Over Lockdown At least 209 city workers have gency medical workers and health At his morning news briefing on died because of the coronavirus, a care workers, and has also pro- Wednesday, Gov. Andrew M. death toll that includes 63 employ- vided more than three million Cuomo got into a testy exchange ees of the Education Department, takeout meals for children and with a reporter who asked if the 33 employees of city hospitals and adults at hundreds of sites over restrictions put in place to contain 31 in the Police Department. the last month. the virus might soon be doing The city’s shifting guidance re- The rate of deaths per capita more damage than the virus itself. among the city’s work force is garding its workers and face cov- The reporter, Anne McCloy of lower than the city as a whole, but erings, which tracked with the the work force is also significantly recommendations from federal WRGB-TV in Albany, cited the younger: About 5 percent of city health agencies, also may have presence of protesters outside the workers are over 65, versus more left people at risk. State Capitol building who said than 14 percent of New Yorkers. On Feb. 5, the Health Depart- they did not have enough money (Covid-19, the disease caused by ment issued guidance that face to feed their families for another the coronavirus, has been dispro- masks were not warranted for week. portionately fatal for those over workers not involved in health The governor continued to 65, who make up nearly two- care, “even for those with fre- argue that reducing the risk of thirds of the deaths in the city.) quent interaction with the general death outweighed the economic Michael Mulgrew, the president public.” hardship being felt around the of the city’s teachers’ union, sug- The guidance added that “no co- state. ronavirus-specific precautions gested that thousands of city “You want to go to work? Go school workers may have been ex- are recommended for interactions KIRSTEN LUCE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES take the job as an essential posed to the virus or spread it over Even with closed schools, about 11,500 Education Department employees show up to work each day. with the general public, including a critical two-week period through asymptomatic travelers” from worker,” the governor said. the second week in March, when parts of the world where the virus “There are people hiring. You can schools remained open despite according to city data that sur- as though they were part of our records. Those who worked on was prevalent. get a job as an essential worker. pressure to close them, and then veyed a little over half of the work family,” he continued. “We’ll never public benefits had to be present When federal guidance So now you can go to work and for another week when teachers force. forget those who dedicated their to answer phones. The city also changed at the end of March, city you can be an essential worker received in-school training for dis- At the Police Department, 18 lives to our city, and we’re doing lacked the secure servers and lap- officials said, so did their recom- and you’re not going to kill any- tance learning. percent of the officers were out everything in our power to protect tops that many employees would mendations for staff. one.” Asked whether he blamed those sick by mid-April. At the Fire De- every single one of our public ser- need from home. “The health guidance was that The exchange underscored the decisions for the number of dead partment, 23 percent of its emer- vants.” And the city had no tele- masks were not required, and hard-line position that the gover- school employees, Mr. Mulgrew gency medical responders and 16 The city’s challenges in re- commuting policy. there was a concern about panick- nor has taken, one that may be- hesitated. “I would like to see the percent of its firefighters were out sponding to the virus also ex- Deanne B. Criswell, the com- ing other staff as well as clients,” come more difficult to hold in science behind it, but logic would sick. tended to the administration’s missioner of emergency manage- said Mr. Banks, who also oversees weeks to come. say that had something to do with “Our city is going through an transition to having its workers ment, acknowledged in March the Human Resources Adminis- Mr. Cuomo also announced at it,” he said. unprecedented crisis and we owe telecommute. that telecommuting was “not tration, in explaining the March 12 Thousands more have been an extraordinary debt to the city To keep a city the size of New something that the city has done email forbidding masks. the briefing that President Trump, sickened. In a one-week period, workers helping us,” Mr. de Blasio York running smoothly requires before”; the city had to write the Last weekend, Mr. de Blasio with whom he met in Washington from late March to early April, said in a statement. “These are that an enormous number of peo- policy from scratch, she said. mandated that all city workers on Tuesday, has committed to there were 5,804 employees on ex- our co-workers, our fellow public ple do face-to-face and hands-on “I can’t speak to why there was- who come in contact with the pub- helping New York State double its cused leave, which includes sick servants, people we know person- work, even now. n’t one put in place prior to this, lic while on duty wear face cover- testing capacity to 40,000 a day, leave — seven times more than ally. Hospital clerical staff had to but we are writing the telework ings, and said that the city would including both diagnostic and during the same period last year, “Each loss hurts and we mourn show up to process medical policy right now,” Ms. Criswell provide them. antibody tests. THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 A17

N

Who Warns Hezbollah That Israeli Strikes Are Coming? Israel By BEN HUBBARD bolster the forces of President Bashar al- and RONEN BERGMAN Assad against the rebels and later to ex- BEIRUT, Lebanon — When the missile Targeting Fighters in Syria, but Not Fatally, in Bid to Avert War pand the group’s military apparatus exploded near the black Jeep Cherokee, pointed at Israel, Israel began using the three Hezbollah operatives leapt out and technique there as well. When applied to ran for cover. vehicles, like the drone strike last week, A moment later, appearing to know it is nicknamed “knock on the bumper.” they had time, they returned to get their The Jeep Cherokee that was struck bags, and strolled away before a second last week had just crossed from Lebanon missile obliterated the S.U.V. into Syria, despite the border being No one was killed or wounded in the closed because of the coronavirus pan- Israeli attack on the Hezbollah team in demic, and had no license plates. Syria last week, but that was the point. A senior Hezbollah operative, Imad According to several current and for- Kraimi, was in the car, according to the mer Israeli and Middle Eastern officials, member of the pro-Iran regional alliance Israel has adopted a policy of warning and the senior Middle Eastern official Hezbollah operatives in Syria before who, like other officials interviewed for bombing their convoys to avoid killing this article, spoke on condition of ano- them and risking a devastating war in nymity to discuss intelligence matters. Lebanon. Mr. Kraimi works with a Hezbollah unit The attack, which was caught on in charge of smuggling sophisticated closed-circuit video, exposed a new wrin- weapons, the intelligence official said. kle in the informal rules of engagement Surveillance video of the SUV, verified between Israel and Hezbollah, the Leba- by The New York Times, shows it nese militant group, as both sides pre- stopped alongside a highway after the pare for what could be the next big war first missile strike. The three pas- while trying to avoid setting it off. sengers, including Mr. Kraimi, flee the Israel’s policy of pre-strike warnings car, leaving their doors open, but then re- in Syria, which has not been previously turn and unload a number of duffel bags reported, reflects its fear of engaging and backpacks before shutting the doors Hezbollah’s vast rocket arsenal even as it and moving away again. tries to draw a red line to prevent Hezbol- Moments later, the second missile hits lah from acquiring and developing and the car explodes in a cloud of smoke. precision-guided missiles, which it sees The Middle Eastern intelligence offi- as a strategic threat. cial expressed frustration that the men The decades-old struggle between Is- had managed to retrieve their gear. rael and Hezbollah, which is backed by Iran and committed to the destruction of “It looks as if one of them remembers the Jewish state, has expanded across a he had forgotten the shopping of milk and eggs that his wife had told him to get wider swath of the Middle East in recent SERGEY PONOMAREV FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES years, as Hezbollah has stepped up its in- and he even goes back for them,” the offi- volvement in Syria, Iraq and elsewhere, cial said. “Is this the might of the strong- and Israel has continued to pursue it. est power in the Middle East?” But while Israel has not hesitated to Hezbollah has not commented on the kill Iranians in Syria, where the chaos of attack. a nine-year civil war has allowed a host The tactic has caused a rift between Is- of powers to operate, it has largely re- rael’s military leadership and its spy frained from killing members of Hezbol- service, the Mossad. lah. The military brass believe that warn- Hezbollah operatives in Syria have re- ing Hezbollah militiamen while destroy- ceived surprise phone calls from Israeli ing their equipment creates a balance of officials warning them to evacuate their deterrence while avoiding a spiral into bases before they are bombed, according war. to an official from the pro-Iran regional “Adhering to these unwritten rules has alliance. And the first missile fired at the allowed us to hit Hezbollah again and Hezbollah Jeep last week was a deliber- again, alongside the war against other ate miss, a warning shot aimed at forcing targets across the Middle East, without the men to flee so their gear could be de- being drawn into an all-out war,” a for- stroyed, an intelligence official said. The mer senior military official said. plan failed in this case because the men But the Mossad chief, Yossi Cohen, retrieved their bags before the car was doubts that Hezbollah, Iran and their al- hit. lies could muster a significant military But the idea, a senior Middle Eastern threat to Israel and argues that Israel intelligence official said, is to tell Hezbol- should not establish a balance of deter- lah, “We can see you, even if we don’t kill rence with a militia that Israel and the you.” United States consider a terrorist organi- Hezbollah, too, for all of its heated zation. Terrorists, he argues, should be rhetoric about destroying the Jewish killed based on operational needs and state, has refrained from killing Israelis not spared because of fear of a response. in recent years, apparently also fearing a The only message to send Hezbollah’s war that could destroy much of Lebanon. leader, Hassan Nasrallah, “is that he Two days after the Jeep attack in Syr- must not try us,” Mr. Cohen said in a dis- ia, Israel accused Hezbollah of cutting cussion with Israel’s military chiefs. “It holes in the fence along the Lebanon- makes no difference what he fires Israel border and hanging a poster of its leaders and of Qassim Suleimani, the against Israel — extended-range Grad powerful Iranian general who supported JALAA MAREY/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES missiles, or M-600 rockets or anything Hezbollah and who was killed in an Top, Hezbollah fighters at the Lebanon-Syria border in 2017. Above, an Israeli tank in the Golan Heights, on the bor- else — the moment that happens, he and American drone strike in January. der with Syria, in January. The Israelis are pursuing the Lebanese militant group across a wider area. The pre-strike his entire organization will be totally Amin Hoteit, a retired brigadier gen- warnings in Syria, one intelligence official said, are meant to tell Hezbollah, “We can see you, even if we don’t kill you.” wiped out.” eral in the Lebanese army who is close to So far, the military’s caution has Hezbollah, said the gesture was a way mostly won out, although Israel did kill existential threat to its security, which is say, and Israel’s defense relies in part on what Israeli officials described as ma- for Hezbollah to send a nonlethal mes- two Hezbollah operatives last August in sage to Israel, thumbing its nose at Is- the precision-guided missiles of Hezbol- the fact that the rockets are not very ac- chinery vital to the precision-missile pro- an attack that Prime Minister Benjamin rael’s attack and demonstrating that its lah.” curate. duction effort. But in order to avoid Netanyahu said prevented the imminent operatives could cross the border if they But the tactic of warning shots and ef- But Israel contends that Hezbollah is killing Hezbollah members, the attack launch of “killer drones” from Syria to- chose to. forts to strike equipment instead of peo- trying to build guided missiles, which took place before dawn when no one was ward Israel. A spokesman for the Israeli Since the Israeli strike had killed no ple may get Israel only so far, she said. could target key installations such as around, the senior Middle Eastern offi- military declined to comment, as well as one, “Hezbollah’s response came with- “If the precision-guided missile military bases, government buildings or cial said. the spokeswoman for the Israeli prime out casualties,” General Hoteit said. project is going at the rate the Israelis power plants, and would be nearly im- The warning tactic is an extension of minister’s office, to which Mossad re- “This is the new warfare,” said Randa are saying, eventually they are going to possible to stop. Israel has carried out one that Israel pioneered in Gaza. When ports. Slim, a senior fellow at the Middle East start killing these people.” numerous airstrikes in Syria on what it the Israeli military wanted to destroy Israeli airstrikes in Syria in recent Institute in Washington. “There is going Israeli officials believe that Hezbollah says were convoys of weapons bound for weapons caches hidden in a civilian years have killed hundreds of Iranians, to be precise targeting of individuals and has an arsenal of more than 100,000 mis- Hezbollah to drive home the point that it home, it would drop a nonexplosive or Syrians and Iranian-backed militiamen key operatives in what Israel deems an siles and rockets that can reach all cor- will not accept a fleet of smart missiles on low-powered explosive on the roof to from Iraq and elsewhere. But these ners of the Jewish state. Israel’s Iron its border. warn the inhabitants to leave before the strikes have killed as few as 16 Hezbollah Ben Hubbard reported from Beirut, and Dome missile defense system would be Last August, Israel sent an exploding building was bombed. The tactic is nick- operatives since 2013, according to the Ronen Bergman from Tel Aviv. Hwaida unable to shoot down a large volley of drone into the heart of a Hezbollah-domi- named “knock on the roof.” Syria-based member of the pro-Iran axis Saad contributed reporting from Beirut. rockets fired simultaneously, officials nated neighborhood in Beirut to destroy As Hezbollah moved into Syria, first to in the region.

The environmental activist Greta 50 Years After First Earth Day, Thunberg, at the Nobel Museum in Stockholm on Wednesday during a video chat, said the pandemic Scientists Look Past Pandemic “turned everything upside down.”

By SOMINI SENGUPTA “Whilst Covid-19 has caused a severe climate risk. For the first time, climate Activists and scientists worldwide, international health and economic crisis, change policies had begun to figure mostly prevented from demonstrating failure to tackle climate change may prominently in the United States presi- publicly because of the coronavirus pan- threaten human well-being, ecosystems dential election campaign. demic, marked the 50th anniversary of and economies for centuries,” said Pet- Then the pandemic, as Greta Thun- Earth Day with online events on teri Taalas, a former research scientist berg, the 17-year-old climate activist, put Wednesday, and their message was from Finland and now the meteorolog- it, “turned everything upside down.” largely one of warning: When this health ical organization’s general secretary. “Whether we like it or not, the world crisis passes, world leaders must rebuild The last five years have already been has changed,” she said Wednesday from the global economy on a healthier, more the hottest on record, the agency said, the Nobel Museum in Stockholm, her sustainable track. and a new global heat record is expected home city. “It looks completely different That was highlighted by an influential to be set in the next five years. (Scien- from how it did a few months ago and it scientific body, the World Meteorological tists with the National Oceanic and At- will probably not look the same again Organization, which forecast that the mospheric Administration said recently and we are going to have to choose a new pandemic would drive down global that there was a high likelihood that 2020 way forward.” greenhouse gas emissions by 6 percent would be a record hot year.) JESSICA GOW/TT NEWS AGENCY, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS Khristen Hamilton, 18, an organizer this year, the biggest yearly decline in But how fast the world warms up de- with a youth activist group called Zero planet-warming carbon dioxide since the pends to a large degree on what happens “We need to turn the recovery into a claimed around 180,000 lives, came at a Hour, said her organization had been Second World War. in the coming weeks and months, as law- real opportunity to do things right for the time when attention to climate change forced to drop plans for an ambitious bus But the group said that would be no- makers in major world capitals wrangle future,” Mr. Guterres said. had risen globally. tour and in-person voter registration where near the reductions needed to over economic stimulus packages to the President Trump, for his part, took the Children and teenagers had launched drive. avoid the most devastating impacts of tune of many trillions of dollars. opposite approach. In a Twitter message worldwide protests, demanding that Now, the group is running the registra- climate change. The United Nations secretary general, on the eve of Earth Day, he promised presidents and prime ministers take cli- tion effort online and hosting weekly we- The agency went on to caution that, António Guterres, called on countries to help for the fossil fuel sector, saying he mate action. The titans of business and binars on what it calls the roots of the cli- while the short-term reductions are transition away from fossil fuels as they had instructed administration officials to finance had unveiled pledges to reduce mate crisis. largely a result of the sharp decline in repair their economies, including by sus- ensure that federal funds be made avail- their carbon footprints, and BlackRock, “We just had to do a pivot,” Ms. Hamil- transportation and industrial energy pending taxpayer funds to prop up pol- able to the oil and gas sector, “so that the world’s largest asset manager, with ton said from McLean, Va., where she production, emissions are likely to rise in luting industries and instead using them these very important companies and $7 trillion in global investments, an- lives. “My generation of organizers know the coming years unless world leaders to create “green jobs and sustainable jobs will be secured long into the future.” nounced that it would start pulling its how to efficiently organize online, which take swift action on climate change. growth.” The coronavirus pandemic, which has money from ventures with high levels of is a good thing.” A18 N THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 Iran Sends Up Military Satellite; Trump Warns About Naval Harassment This article is by David E. Sanger, agreed to as part of the 2015 Iran than a change to the current rules Helene Cooper and Eric Schmitt. nuclear deal says that Iran is of engagement. “The president is- WASHINGTON — Iran suc- “called upon” to refrain from work sued an important warning to the cessfully put into orbit what it on ballistic missiles designed to Iranians. What he was emphasiz- called its first “military satellite” deliver nuclear weapons, for up to ing is that all of our ships retain on Wednesday, after a string of eight years. Iran insists it is not the right of self-defense,” Mr. previous failures, just hours be- working on a nuclear weapon, and Norquist said. “The president is fore President Trump declared he thus none of its missiles are de- describing and responding to poor had instructed the Navy to sink signed to be “nuclear capable.” behavior of the Iranians.” any Iranian fast boats that “har- The appearance of the mobile Standing alongside Mr. ass our ships at sea.” The order, if launcher struck both American Norquist, Gen. John E. Hyten, the followed, could sharply escalate and Israeli officials as a major ad- vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs the confrontations between the vance. Previously Iran has of Staff, said he liked “that the two nations. launched its satellites from fixed president warned an adversary.” While Iran was vague about the sites, which are easy to strike be- Mr. Trump has a history of Twit- fore a launch. But the photos and military capabilities of the satel- ter announcements that seem at video of this launch showed a mo- lite, the launch was notable in part odds with traditional policy, in- bile launcher similar to what the because it originated from a mo- cluding that involving the military North Koreans have increasingly bile launch vehicle, similar to the and its rules and operations. Lib- used. The system reduces warn- kind the North Koreans are using eral critics of the president have ing time, and thus makes it harder to demonstrate they have the abil- suggested that, facing low approv- to pre-empt a launch. ity to roll out a missile and send it al ratings for his handling of the A year ago the Trump adminis- into space before the United coronavirus response, Mr. Trump tration designated the Revolution- States or its allies have time to re- is searching for other ways to ary Guards as a foreign terrorist spond. Secretary of State Mike change the subject, demonstrate organization. In early January, Pompeo immediately condemned American drones killed Maj. Gen. the launch as a violation of a Qassim Suleimani, who headed United Nations Security Council the Quds Force, an elite unit of the A Twitter statement resolution and declared that Iran BRYAN DENTON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES Revolutionary Guards, drastically would be “held accountable,” but A U.S. ship in the Arabian Sea in August. President Trump issued a warning Wednesday to Iran. escalating tensions between seems to make lethal did not specify what that meant. Washington and Tehran. Since As the C.I.A. director, Mr. Pom- ered legally sufficient to open a the response to the virus, and pened appeared to be a rare Irani- then, however, tensions have de- force a first resort. peo ordered an acceleration of a escalated. secret American program to sabo- salvo that could escalate into war. leaders in both nations may calcu- an success — one Tehran said was Last week the Pentagon ac- late that there is an advantage to the inauguration of its equivalent Mr. Pompeo, speaking at the tage Iranian launches. But after a State Department, dismissed the cused Iran of sending 11 fast boats reigniting confrontations with old of the Pentagon’s new Space string of major failures, the launch importance of Mr. Trump’s tweet leadership and energize his con- to conduct “dangerous and har- adversaries. Force. That seemed a vast over- on Wednesday marked an un- about sinking Iranian fast boats servative base. assing approaches” to six Ameri- While the swarming of small statement: It is unclear that the usual success, one Iranian televi- for harassing U.S. naval ships, American military units on the can warships in the Persian Gulf, boats is a striking visual sign of new satellite is transmitting im- sion hailed with pictures of offi- noting that the president had pre- ground and at sea abide by strict and that appeared to be what led those confrontations, the missile ages, or even how good they are cers from the Islamic Revolution- viously given senior American of- rules on “escalation of force,” a to the president’s warning “to launch may well prove the more compared with what is available ary Guards Corps, many wearing ficials authority to “take whatever ladder that includes audible warn- on Google Earth and commercial masks, in a celebration in a control shoot down and destroy any and significant action. Iran’s civilian action is necessary to make sure ings, flares and maneuvers before satellite services. room. all Iranian gunboats if they harass and military space programs — you can defend and keep our peo- a shot is fired, often as a last meas- The president’s abrupt tweet our ships at sea.” which American officials contend Still, Mr. Pompeo confirmed the ple safe.” ure. authorizing a far looser standard The statement came after Mr. are closely related — have been launch and noted that Tehran had But a tweet does not constitute Mr. Trump’s directive, in many for the Navy to fire on Iranian fast Trump’s former national security plagued by mysterious explo- always claimed its satellite a military order, and a Defense ways, discounts this entire boats seemed to take the Penta- adviser, John R. Bolton, tweeted sions, failed launches and satel- launches were only for commer- Department official said the Navy process and could lead to injury gon by surprise. Under the Navy’s last week that the United States lites that never deployed cor- cial purposes and had no military had not received any formal pol- and death on an already crowded, rules of engagement, lethal force had “been too lenient in respond- rectly. Roughly two-thirds of their use. That all reversed on Wednes- icy directive from Mr. Trump or- and often confusing, waterway can be used only if American ships ing” to Iranian provocations. As a orbital launches have failed, day. “I think today’s launch proves dering it to change its criteria for such as the Persian Gulf. or personnel are put at risk — for presidential candidate, Mr. Trump though it has never been clear what we’ve been saying all along opening fire on Iranian gunboats. “Commanders are well aware example, by trying to ram a U.S. declared that when the Iranians how much of that has been a result here in the United States,” Mr. A U.S. military official said there and already have sufficient guid- warship or place explosives near “circle our beautiful destroyers of bad luck or technical incompe- Pompeo told reporters at the State had been no further incidents with ance to deal with these types of its hull. But blaring loudspeakers with their little boats” they would tence, and how much has been Department. “I think Iran needs the Iranians, fast boats or other- events,” said Vice Adm. John W. and weaving in the ship’s path, all be “shot out of the water.” caused by active American and Is- to be held accountable for what it’s wise, since the one last week, Miller, a retired commander of the part of the standard harassment Taken together, the satellite raeli sabotage programs. done.” when the Pentagon said Iranian Fifth Fleet, based in Bahrain. techniques used by swarms of Ira- launch and the warning to Iran Mr. Trump even tweeted out Because the lofting of a satellite boats “repeatedly crossed the The Trump administration has nian small boats, are not consid- suggest the two countries are es- last summer a classified Ameri- into orbit mimics some of the bows and sterns” of Navy ships at continued to impose its “maxi- calating their episodic confronta- can satellite image of the burned flight path of a nuclear warhead, high speeds, at one point coming mum pressure” campaign of eco- Reporting was contributed by tions, even as both nations are remnants of a failed space launch, such launches have long been con- within about 10 yards. nomic sanctions against Iran after Thomas Gibbons-Neff, Lara Jakes fighting the coronavirus. And they taunting the Iranians by declaring sidered akin to practice runs. The Speaking to reporters Wednes- the United States withdrew from and Michael Crowley from Wash- may both have reasons: At home, that “I wish Iran best wishes and United Nations resolution Mr. day, David L. Norquist, the deputy the nuclear agreement. Tehran, ington; Ronen Bergman from Tel the Iranian government and Mr. good luck in determining what Pompeo referred to does not ex- defense secretary, said Mr. for its part, has launched proxy at- Aviv; and Farnaz Fassihi from Trump’s administration have happened.” plicitly prohibit such launches; in- Trump’s statement on Twitter was tacks against American troops, in- New York. been criticized for mismanaging But on Wednesday, what hap- stead, watered-down language more of a warning to the Iranians terests and allies in the region. With Coronavirus As Cover, Hong Kong Is Targeting Activists

By AUSTIN RAMZY elsewhere. Human rights groups and ELAINE YU accused Beijing of taking advan- HONG KONG — As the world tage of the world’s diverted atten- has been engulfed by the coro- tion during the pandemic and navirus pandemic, the authorities Hong Kong’s new limits on public in Hong Kong have arrested gatherings to clamp down on the prominent pro-democracy figures opposition. in politics, civil society and the Some of those arrested in the media, waging a broad crackdown sweep belong to an older genera- on the demonstrations that con- tion of more moderate politicians. vulsed the city last year. They included Martin Lee, 81, a The government’s campaign is senior lawyer who helped draft in tandem with recent efforts by the Basic Law, the city’s mini-con- mainland China’s central govern- stitution, in the 1980s and is often ment, itself a core target of anti- called Hong Kong’s Father of De- government demonstrators, to as- mocracy, and Margaret Ng, 72, an- sert more stridently what it per- other legal heavyweight. ceives as its right to intervene in Other activists have already the affairs of the semiautonomous vowed to return to the streets. The Chinese territory. Civil Human Rights Front, which organized many of the city’s mass These moves have raised con- rallies, said on Sunday that it was cerns in Hong Kong that China’s seeking police permission to hold ruling Communist Party is press- a march on July 1, the anniversary ing for restrictions that would of Hong Kong’s handover to Chi- curb the protests, which were nese rule from British. among the biggest challenges for China’s leader, Xi Jinping. Many Beijing Asserts Its Hold ISAAC LAWRENCE/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES fear that such restrictions, which At the heart of the protest move- could include a widely contested ment is Hong Kong’s increasingly Martin Lee, above center, a former lawmaker and pro-democracy national security law, would accel- fraught relationship with the rul- activist, leaving a Hong Kong police station after his arrest. Car- erate the erosion of civil liberties ing Communist Party, which has rie Lam, left, Hong Kong’s chief executive, fielding questions in Hong Kong, a former British sought to tighten its grip over about Beijing’s actions during a news conference on Tuesday. colony that enjoys freedoms un- Hong Kong. seen on the mainland. The party has for years pre- This year, the coronavirus epi- sanctions against Hong Kong offi- should enact laws to prohibit any ferred to push its agenda in Hong cials. act of treason, secession, sedition demic has helped mute antigov- Kong from behind the scenes, The criticism of Mr. Kwok has and subversion against China’s ernment demonstrations in Hong through its allies in government raised fears that the authorities central government — ended in Kong. But the government’s and in pro-establishment parties. are laying the groundwork to bar failure after a mass protest. crackdown could revive the pro- But Beijing has signaled its impa- Nearly two decades later, the tests, particularly if the local out- tience with this softer approach in him and others from running in break remains under control and recent weeks by raising the profile the legislative elections. Several Hong Kong government has re- social distancing rules are eased. of the central government’s office candidates were disqualified in peatedly said it has a constitu- Here is a look at the key recent in Hong Kong. 2016 after local officials deter- tional responsibility to implement steps, and what they could mean That office waded into a legisla- mined they held pro-independ- the law. for the coming months. tive dispute last week by publicly ence views. And six lawmakers But critics fear that any such who won seats were later re- legislation would empower the Veteran Activists Targeted criticizing Dennis Kwok, a pro-de- mocracy lawmaker, for stalling moved for altering their oaths of government to target critics of the VINCENT YU/ASSOCIATED PRESS On Saturday, the police arrested the debate of several bills, includ- office, after a rare intervention by Communist Party. They point to 15 leading pro-democracy figures Beijing. broad language in the law that ing a law that would make it an of- til 2047. to snap up more seats. Such an on charges of organizing, publiciz- “The worrying thing is I can see would bar foreign bodies from fense to insult the Chinese an- Adding to the confusion was an outcome would be unfavorable to ing and taking part in several pro- them. The office accused Mr. signs this time around that the conducting political activities and tests between August and Octo- embarrassing flip-flop by the gov- Beijing. government may make wider use criminalize the theft of vaguely Kwok of abusing his power and vi- ernment of Hong Kong, which, China has roundly rejected ber that had not been permitted olating his oath of office. of so-called disqualification pow- defined state secrets as examples when urged to state its position on charges that it is unduly interfer- by the authorities. The censure from Beijing was ers to stop pro-democratic camp of such overreach. the matter, issued three news re- ing in Hong Kong’s affairs. On Analysts familiar with Beijing’s such an unusual step that some people from running,” said Eric Luo Huining, Beijing’s top rep- leases with conflicting views in Tuesday, the office in charge of thinking have said the roundup critics feared that it would jeopar- Cheung, a law lecturer at the Uni- resentative in Hong Kong, said Hong Kong affairs in Beijing is- was an early step in what would dize Hong Kong’s Constitution, the span of several hours on Sat- versity of Hong Kong. last week that national security sued three statements asserting be a broad crackdown. which lays out limits on the cen- urday night. It eventually con- has always been a shortcoming in Push for National Security Laws “Beijing is determined to end tral government’s role. In particu- curred with the central govern- the central government’s author- the city since it was returned to the chaos in Hong Kong once and lar, lawyers cited an article in the ment’s office. ity over the territory. It criticized Beijing and its pro-government al- Chinese control in 1997. Mr. Luo, for all,” Lau Siu-kai, vice president opposition members including lies in the city have in recent who in recent years oversaw a Constitution that states that no Fear of Election Meddling of the Chinese Association of department of the central govern- Joshua Wong, a prominent activ- weeks urged lawmakers to pass purge of senior Communist Party Hong Kong and Macau Studies, a ment can interfere in affairs that The war of words over the central ist, and Jimmy Lai, the publisher national security laws that resi- officials in the corruption-plagued powerful Beijing advisory group, Hong Kong administers on its government’s role in Hong Kong of Apple Daily, a pro-democracy dents worry would allow the Shanxi Province, assumed the said in an interview. own. is not merely about Mr. Kwok. newspaper, who was also arrested mainland authorities to further post of director of the Liaison Of- The arrests quickly drew con- Beijing has insisted that the law Underlying the dispute is a on Saturday. encroach upon Hong Kong’s civic fice in January. It was part of a demnation from the United States in question, Article 22, did not ap- broader concern that Beijing will The office also accused Mr. freedoms. sudden leadership reshuffle that and other foreign governments as ply to its office in Hong Kong, and meddle in legislative elections Kwok, the lawmaker, of trying to The issue of national security is Beijing had ordered for Hong well as legal groups in Britain and that it was entitled to supervise scheduled for September in which push for Hong Kong’s independ- likely to hit a raw nerve in the city. Kong, demoting officials who pre- and voice its opinions despite an pro-democracy politicians, riding ence and encouraging foreign in- The government’s last attempt, in sided over months of chaos and Keith Bradsher contributed re- arrangement that guarantees the the broad support of the antigov- terference by supporting U.S. leg- 2003, to introduce Article 23 — replacing them with Xi Jinping’s porting from Beijing. city a high degree of autonomy un- ernment movement, are expected islation that authorized possible which states that Hong Kong hard-line enforcers. THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 A19

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Private Talks Convince Inslee of Biden’s Commitment to Climate

Urging Liberal Voters To Also Back Candidate

By ALEXANDER BURNS Gov. Jay Inslee of Washington State, one of the Democratic Party’s most prominent environmentalists, endorsed Joseph R. Biden Jr. for president on Wednesday after extensive private con- versations in which Mr. Biden signaled he would make fighting climate change a central cause of his administration. Mr. Inslee, who mounted a long-shot presidential campaign of his own last year, said in an interview that he had spo- ken repeatedly to Mr. Biden in recent weeks and came away convinced that the former vice president was preparing to greatly expand his policy proposals for reducing carbon emissions and pro- moting renewable energy. Though he and Mr. Biden clashed early in the primary season, Mr. Inslee said he was confident that Mr. Biden was “willing to aim faster and higher” on cli- mate policy than he had indicated at that stage. Mr. Inslee said his aides were con- sulting with Mr. Biden’s campaign about new components to his environmental agenda. “I am convinced, beyond the shadow of a doubt, that this will be a major driv- ing force of his administration,” Mr. In- slee said. “I think what you’re going to see is an increased commitment to some shorter-term actions and he’s been very open to that.” Mr. Inslee’s endorsement comes as lit- tle surprise, given Mr. Biden’s status as the presumptive Democratic nominee. The Biden campaign has rolled out a se- ries of valuable endorsements over the past few weeks, a phase of the campaign TED S. WARREN/ASSOCIATED PRESS in which public activity has been strictly Gov. Jay Inslee endorsed Joseph R. Biden Jr. on Wednesday, saying he believed that Mr. Biden was “willing to aim faster and higher” on climate policy. limited by the coronavirus outbreak. Last week, endorsement videos from for- mer President Barack Obama and Sena- where public officials acted somewhat slee said, predicting that Mr. Biden grumbling on the left about the scope of den as quickly as possible. Whatever tors Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth War- more slowly. The emergency has also would be a better partner for governors his announced climate policies. While their preferences during primary sea- ren helped Mr. Biden stir Democratic en- brought Mr. Inslee into conflict with in both parties. Mr. Biden has embraced a broad agenda son, Mr. Inslee said, Democrats should thusiasm and raise money during a news President Trump, whom Mr. Inslee has In addition to the endorsement, Mr. In- to limit emissions, progressives have recognize that Mr. Biden’s candidacy cycle overwhelmed by the pandemic. criticized for his handling of the out- slee participated in another ritual of Mr. long viewed his stated timeline — reduc- represents “a chance for the survival of Al Gore, the former vice president and break. Mr. Trump has answered Mr. In- Biden’s lockdown-era campaign: On ing emissions to net zero by 2050 — as life as we know it.” climate activist, endorsed Mr. Biden at a slee’s criticism with heated personal and Tuesday, he recorded an episode for Mr. dangerously slow. “The faster we get in harness together, town hall-style Earth Day event later on partisan attacks, calling him a “snake.” Biden’s podcast, “Here’s the Deal,” which During one of the debates last year, Mr. the likelier it is we will remove a man Wednesday. But unlike some governors who have has previously featured conversations Inslee was among those who challenged who has dedicated himself to deceit and “If I was talking to one person who had tried to mute their differences with Mr. with Senator Amy Klobuchar of Minne- Mr. Biden’s plans as “too little, too late.” rejection of science,” he said. not yet decided who to vote for in this up- Trump while they are lobbying his ad- sota and Gov. Gretchen Whitmer of But Mr. Biden has shown signs re- Mr. Inslee allowed that some of his en- coming election, I would just say plainly ministration for help in the fight against Michigan. On the podcast, Mr. Biden al- cently of raising his governing ambitions thusiasm for Mr. Biden stemmed from and simply: This is not complicated,” Mr. coronavirus, Mr. Inslee made plain in the luded to numerous private conversa- across the board, not only on climate, factors besides policy, describing the for- Gore said town hall. “If you care about interview that he intended to speak tions about climate with Mr. Inslee, as even adopting some of the messages of mer vice president as open-minded and the climate crisis, if you want to start bluntly about what he saw as Mr. well as Mr. Gore; in his view, Mr. Biden former rivals like Mr. Sanders and Ms. easy to connect with — common senti- solving the climate crisis, this is not Trump’s deficiencies. He said the presi- said, confronting the climate crisis repre- Warren in arguing that the next presi- ments among Mr. Biden’s former rivals rocket science.” dent had shown “no empathy for anyone sented an enormous opportunity for the dent will have to seek much larger social who have aligned themselves with un- Mr. Inslee has been among the most but himself” and had “abused even Re- United States to create jobs “generating and economic change to help the country usual speed behind a candidate who not prominent governors confronting the publican governors” who expressed dis- a fundamentally green infrastructure.” recover from the current crisis. long ago seemed to be on the brink of de- crisis, ordering early lockdowns and satisfaction with the federal govern- Mr. Inslee’s vote of confidence in Mr. Mr. Inslee, who is seeking a third term feat. other restrictions that have helped limit ment’s performance. Biden comes at a timely moment, on the as governor this November, expressed “I just enjoy talking to Joe Biden,” Mr. the damage in Washington State to a “I’ve had to deal with a totally dishon- 50th occasion of Earth Day and as the little sympathy for reluctant liberals, Inslee said. “Maybe that’s one of the rea- fraction of the ruin inflicted on New York, est person in the White House,” Mr. In- former vice president continues to face urging them to get on board with Mr. Bi- sons he’s been successful as a leader.”

U.S. Spy Agencies Weigh Prosecutors Detail Sharing Less Information Pharmacist’s Plot To Firebomb Rival With Anti-L.G.B.T. Nations By MARIA CRAMER The list of supplies needed to rob and By JULIAN E. BARNES suspect this drive to be coming from, it blow up the pharmacist’s competition WASHINGTON — The Trump admin- makes it a little bit more powerful.” was tucked in a black leather-bound istration is considering cutting back on Mr. Grenell said he had the backing of notebook, prosecutors say: face masks, sharing intelligence with partner coun- the White House. “We have the presi- duffel bags, a rental car, a canister of gas- tries that criminalize homosexuality as dent’s total support,” he said. “This is an oline and at least four firearms. part of a push by the acting director of American value, and this is United States For over a year, the pharmacist, national intelligence, Richard Grenell, to policy.” Hyrum T. Wilson, had been illegally sell- prod those nations to change their laws. About 69 countries criminalize homo- ing prescription opioids from his shop, The intelligence community should be sexuality, mostly in the Middle East, Af- Hyrum’s Family Value Pharmacy in Au- pushing American values with the coun- rica and Southeast Asia. But the list of burn, Neb., on the dark web, according to tries it works with, Mr. Grenell said in an countries includes some critical Ameri- federal prosecutors. But he needed more interview this week. can intelligence partners such as Egypt, drugs to keep the illegal side business “We can’t just simply make the moral Saudi Arabia and Kenya. BERND VON JUTRCZENKA/DPA, VIA AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES going. argument and expect others to respond Mr. Grenell would not say whether the Richard Grenell has put anti-discrimination issues near the top of his agenda. So Mr. Wilson, 41, and a drug dealer in kind because telling others that it’s the administration was considering with- who had been helping him run the illegal holding additional cooperation, or ratch- right thing to do doesn’t always work,” he shrinking the Office of the Director of tion being outed to former colleagues, or business hatched a plan to steal opioids eting back current intelligence sharing said. But, he added, “to fight for decrimi- National Intelligence and sending some gay people who were not out to families from a rival pharmacy in Auburn and with countries that criminalize homo- nalization is to fight for basic human officers detailed to that office back to being put in difficult positions. then firebomb it to cripple the business. sexuality. His office is forming a group to rights.” “You have to be sensitive to the indi- Last week, Mr. Hyrum was arrested review the issue and develop ideas, intel- their home intelligence agencies. He has Mr. Grenell is thought to be the first also rebuffed calls by Democrats for him vidual’s personal situation, but the and charged by federal prosecutors in openly gay cabinet member and has put ligence officials said. to hold off on those changes. L.G.B.T. community also has to remem- Virginia with conspiracy to distribute anti-discrimination issues near the top of “If a country that we worked in as the controlled substances, conspiracy to use “I am not a seat warmer,” Mr. Grenell ber authenticity in the I.C. is fundamen- his agenda. In his earlier post as the United States intelligence community fire and explosives — including Molotov said. “The president asked me to do a job tal to doing national security and intelli- American ambassador to Germany, Mr. was arresting women because of their cocktails — and possession of firearms. and I am going to do the job to the best of gence jobs,” Mr. Grenell said. “You don’t Grenell began last year assembling gay, gender, we would absolutely do some- In an affidavit that detailed the plot, my ability.” ever want to be in a position of hiding lesbian, bisexual and transgender thing about it,” Mr. Grenell said. “Ulti- anything. That is how you can be com- prosecutors said he planned the fire- In a letter sent last week to the agen- groups from the United States and other mately, the United States is safer when promised or blackmailed. So it is really bombing with William Anderson cies he oversees, Mr. Grenell said the in- countries as part of the administration’s our partners respect basic human important to be authentic, but to be au- Burgamy IV, a drug dealer who had been effort to change anti-gay laws. rights.” thentic, people need to feel comfortable illegally selling the prescription medica- While tying human rights reforms to Mr. Grenell has also suggested in and safe.” tion online for Mr. Wilson. The side trade national security is often the hallmark of meetings that foreign aid be used as an Until the 1980s, the government de- was going well, but Mr. Wilson had hit the Democratic administrations, mixing incentive to prod countries with bans on Part of an effort to push nied security clearances to gays, lesbi- limit for how much medication he could hard-power priorities with trade and homosexuality to remove them, said ans, bisexual and transgender people, order for his pharmacy. He needed more other issues has been part of President Hadi Damien, the founder of Lebanon’s for the decriminalization under the belief that their sexual identity volume, prosecutors said. Trump’s foreign policy. Beirut Pride group, who participated in of homosexuality. could be used to force them to give up se- “Wilson and Burgamy believed that Stuart Milk, head of the Harvey Milk the discussions Mr. Grenell held as am- crets. the destruction of the Victim Pharmacy Foundation and nephew of Harvey Milk, bassador to Germany. But Mr. Grenell While those questions have been re- would cause Wilson’s own pharmacy the first openly gay elected official in a has been careful to try to use aid as an moved from security clearance question- business to flourish,” Samad D. major American city, said Mr. Grenell incentive to alter laws, not a sanction telligence community needed to do bet- naires, Mr. Milk said that discrimination Shahrani, a special agent with the F.B.I. reached out to work with his organiza- against countries. ter to detect, and respond to, discrimina- against gay, lesbian and transgender field office that conducted the investiga- tion on decriminalization. Mr. Milk said “While the U.S., or any other country, tion and harassment of gay, lesbian and people persists in the intelligence agen- tion, wrote in a court affidavit. “In turn, he was cleareyed about the Trump ad- cannot influence how other countries transgender people. cies. Mr. Milk held a session last year at Wilson’s distributor would increase the ministration’s poor record on L.G.B.T. process their domestic affairs, the U.S. “I expect every I.C. agency to ensure the Pentagon, where he spoke with peo- amount of controlled substances that rights, particularly given its efforts to can push toward change through the policies are specific and deliberate in ple working for the National Security Wilson could order to meet the increased roll back anti-discrimination efforts for voice of its officials and through the im- protecting the L.G.B.T. work force,” Mr. Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency demand.” transgender troops in the military. plementation of its programs,” Mr. Da- Grenell wrote. and other agencies. Mr. Wilson, who did not have lawyer “In some ways, Ric is driving this with- mien said. In the interview, Mr. Grenell said his “We had a lot of people from the intelli- listed in court documents, did not re- out a lot of deep support in the adminis- While Mr. Grenell is serving only in an office was reviewing the security clear- gence community at this listening event, spond to requests for comment. Mr. tration,” Mr. Milk said. “But I think he is acting capacity, and his appointment will ance process and the kinds of questions people from the N.S.A. and other intelli- Burgamy, who was arrested a week be- very sincere. He is someone who be- likely end in September or when the Sen- that contractors and F.B.I. agents were gence branches, who were talking about fore Mr. Wilson, was ordered detained by lieves, at the very minimum, decriminal- ate confirms a replacement, he has be- asking during background checks. He how difficult it was, still to this day, to be a magistrate judge on April 13. ization should happen. And if we have an gun work on some controversial said he wanted to ensure the process did L.G.B.T. in those branches of govern- Mr. Burgamy’s lawyer, a federal public administration where people wouldn’t changes, including a review aimed at not lead to transgender people in transi- ment,” Mr. Milk said. defender, declined to comment. A20 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

Weather Repor t Meteorology by AccuWeather

Vancouvencouvereer Metropolitan Forecast Regina 40s 60s 20s TODAY ...... A little rain late Record SeattleSeattattleatt Winnipegeg Spokane Queuebebecc 90° highs 40s High 50. A storm will bring mostly cloudy 40s4 HalifaxH Portlanannd 30s MonMontreal 40s skies during the day, with rain arriving Helena 60s BismarckBismarcismar later in the afternoon. It will be chilly. Eugenne Fargo Ottawa PortlandPor TODAY Billings Burlingtonn n ManchesterMaM TONIGHT ...... Rain 550s 40s0s L Minneanneapolisnneaa s 80° SSMTWT FSSM 30s 50s ToToronttot Albany 50s500 BostonBosB Low 46. A storm will bring clouds. Rain Boisee 60s St.Stt. Paul Pierreiie 60s Milwilwaukeilw ee Buffalo HartfordHara will move through at night. It will be chilly. DetroitDe Casperr Siouxx FallsFall 70ss CleveC evvelandv a NewN York 50s TOMORROW ...... Rain 80s SaSalt LakLakeL ke 40s Reno Chicago 60s Pittsburgh PhiP iladelphia 550s Cityit Cheyenneyenn Omaha Des Mooineso WashingtWashashingtonhi High 52. A storm will bring plenty of 70° San FraFranciscocisi 60s6 DeDenver clouds, along with some rain during the 440s 70s Indianapolisa s Kannsasn Springfieldngfielde 50s Topeka Louisvilleouuiis lle Richmchmond day. It will remain quite chilly for this time FFresnoo Cityy Charlestonharlestone Normal Colooradoo St. Louis NorfolkN of year. 80s0s L highs 70ss SpSprings 60s6 Lass 60s 50s WichitaW Raleigleigeighgh SATURDAY ...... Clouds and sunshine 60° LosLooso Angeles Vegaseggaas Santanta Fe Nashvhvillehv Charloharlotarlotte Oklaahomaah City Memphismphismpphis High pressure will provide a dry day, with 100+ Albuquerqurquerque PhoenPhoenixoen 60s6 clouds and sunshine, along with a sea- SSaSan Diegoeg BirminghamB m ColumbiaC Little Rock Atlanta 90s Lubbock sonable, mild afternoon. Tucsonsonon 80s Dallas 70s 50° Jacksacksonackso SUNDAY El Paso Ft. Worth 80s MONDAY ...... Some rain on Sunday Normal JacksonvilleJ lows 80s0 MobileMo Sunday will have plenty of clouds, with Honoluluolululululuu Houston Baton OrlandoOrO HiloH 100+ Rouge New rain that will taper off later in the day. The 60s0s San AntonAntonioAntoni Orleans Tampaa 70s70 90ss 90ss high will be 52. Monday will be cool, with 40° clouds breaking for some sunshine. The 990s CorpusC Christi Miami high will be 55. Record Nassau 10s 80s Monteterreyter lows 20s Weather patterns shown as expected at noon today, Eastern time. 30s 30° Fairbarbanksrba TODAY’S HIGHS Forecast 40s <0 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 100+ Actual range Anchoragechorage 50s50 HL High High Juneauneau COLDWARM STATIONARY COMPLEX HIGH LOWMOSTLY SHOWERST-STORMS RAIN FLURRIES SNOW ICE FRONTSCOLD PRESSURE CLOUDY PRECIPITATION Low Low

Highlight: The Weekend Outlook National Forecast Metropolitan Almanac A slow-moving storm will spread clouds, In Central Park for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday. Snow cool air and soaking rain from the Ohio Temperature Precipitation (in inches) JET STREAM Valley to the central part of the Appalachi- ans and Mid-Atlantic coast. Rain will fall Record Yesterday ...... 0.00 around the lower Great Lakes, and will high 86° Record ...... 2.45 spread into New England at night. 80° TUE. YESTERDAY (2001) For the last 30 days Actual ...... 3.55 Farther south, a severe weather out- Rain Normal...... 4.60 break that began earlier in the week over 70° For the last 365 days the southern Plains will affect the South- Actual ...... 50.26 Normal Normal...... 49.92 east states. All forms of severe weather high 64° LAST 30 DAYS are possible, ranging from damaging wind 60° Air pressure Humidity gusts and tornadoes to large hail and 50° flash flooding. 4 p.m. High ...... 29.89 10 a.m. High ...... 50% 1 a.m. Thunderstorms Low ...... 29.76 1 a.m. Low ...... 19% 4 p.m. Unusually Unusually Dry air will shift east on the southern 50° Normal low 47° warm cool Plains as areas from the northern Rockies Cooling Degree Days to the northern Plains can expect unset- An index of fuel consumption that tracks how tled and showery conditions. Heat is 40° far the day’s mean temperature rose above 65 A storm will track into the Ohio Valley this weekend, spreading rain and thunderstorms from expected to build over the Southwest, Yesterday...... 0 Record So far this month...... 0 Chicago to New York City and into the Carolinas. Chilly conditions will persist in the eastern with gusty winds in some areas with a 36° 30° low 28° So far this season (since January 1) ...... 0 half of the country as the western half remains dry and very warm. critical wildfire risk. 7 a.m. (1875) Normal to date for the season ...... 1

4 12 6 12 4 Trends Temperature Precipitation Little Rock 70/ 57 0.06 75/ 52 C 73/ 54 T New Delhi 98/ 71 0 94/ 70 PC 97/ 74 PC p.m. a.m. a.m. p.m. p.m. Cities Los Angeles 86/ 65 0 93/ 67 S 95/ 66 S Riyadh 91/ 63 0 95/ 70 S 98/ 74 S Average Average High/low temperatures for the 16 hours ended at 4 Louisville 72/ 54 0 65/ 54 R 70/ 55 C Seoul 48/ 39 0 56/ 39 S 60/ 48 S Avg. daily departure Avg. daily departure Below Above Below Above p.m. yesterday, Eastern time, and precipitation (in inches) Memphis 72/ 60 Tr 71/ 54 Sh 75/ 58 PC Shanghai 67/ 50 0 69/ 54 C 73/ 56 PC from normal from normal Last 10 days for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday. Miami 89/ 78 0 89/ 81 W 96/ 80 S Singapore 91/ 82 0.02 89/ 80 T 90/ 78 T this month...... –1.1° this year ...... +4.3° 30 days Expected conditions for today and tomorrow. Milwaukee 46/ 41 0.02 49/ 38 Sh 47/ 39 C Sydney 77/ 58 0 76/ 60 PC 83/ 59 S Mpls.-St. Paul 65/ 39 0 64/ 40 PC 55/ 40 Sh Taipei City 69/ 63 0.47 68/ 62 R 65/ 62 R 90 days C ...... Clouds S ...... Sun Nashville 73/ 54 0 69/ 53 T 74/ 55 PC Tehran 82/ 59 0 77/ 56 C 76/ 60 T Reservoir levels (New York City water supply) 365 days F ...... Fog Sn ...... Snow New Orleans 84/ 73 0 84/ 66 T 85/ 67 S Tokyo 63/ 50 0.32 59/ 48 PC 61/ 48 R Norfolk 65/ 50 0 68/ 61 R 77/ 52 C Yesterday ...... 100% Chart shows how recent temperature and precipitation H ...... Haze SS ...... Snow showers Europe Yesterday Today Tomorrow I...... Ice T ...... Thunderstorms Oklahoma City 70/ 51 1.07 79/ 55 PC 68/ 47 T Est. normal ...... 100% trends compare with those of the last 30 years. Omaha 76/ 47 0 77/ 50 PC 65/ 42 R Amsterdam 70/ 48 0 71/ 46 S 66/ 42 PC PC ...... Partly cloudy Tr ...... Trace Athens 62/ 52 0 63/ 51 C 66/ 47 PC R ...... Rain W ...... Windy Orlando 86/ 67 0.02 92/ 72 PC 86/ 72 T Philadelphia 54/ 38 0 60/ 48 R 56/ 44 R Berlin 64/ 42 0 70/ 46 PC 71/ 43 C Sh ...... Showers –...... Not available Phoenix 93/ 65 0 97/ 70 S 98/ 71 S Brussels 72/ 48 0 72/ 45 S 70/ 41 PC Recreational Forecast Budapest 66/ 39 0 69/ 40 S 73/ 50 C N.Y.C. region Yesterday Today Tomorrow Pittsburgh 48/ 38 0 58/ 47 R 59/ 41 Sh Portland, Me. 45/ 29 Tr 52/ 35 S 46/ 33 R Copenhagen 59/ 41 0 62/ 45 PC 59/ 42 PC New York City 50/ 36 0 50/ 46 R 52/ 43 R Portland, Ore. 62/ 47 0.57 64/ 48 PC 66/ 53 C Dublin 57/ 42 0 56/ 40 PC 61/ 43 PC Sun, Moon and Planets Mountain and Ocean Temperatures Bridgeport 51/ 34 0 49/ 43 C 51/ 41 R Providence 49/ 32 Tr 51/ 40 PC 48/ 36 R Edinburgh 56/ 39 0 55/ 38 PC 60/ 40 S Caldwell 51/ 33 Tr 52/ 44 R 53/ 40 R Raleigh 68/ 51 0 66/ 60 T 78/ 51 PC Frankfurt 75/ 50 0 74/ 46 S 77/ 45 C First Quarter Full Last Quarter New Danbury 45/ 29 Tr 47/ 38 C 47/ 34 R Reno 74/ 50 0 74/ 47 PC 77/ 50 PC Geneva 73/ 48 0 72/ 49 PC 71/ 48 C Today’s forecast Islip 49/ 33 0 48/ 43 C 51/ 40 R Richmond 66/ 46 0 62/ 57 R 76/ 47 Sh Helsinki 54/ 39 0 55/ 36 PC 49/ 28 C Newark 53/ 34 Tr 51/ 45 R 53/ 41 R Rochester 43/ 24 0.06 42/ 35 C 48/ 31 R Istanbul 55/ 49 0.01 57/ 45 PC 58/ 44 S White Trenton 50/ 32 0 55/ 45 R 54/ 39 R Sacramento 83/ 59 0 85/ 58 PC 88/ 60 S Kiev 61/ 36 0 63/ 42 PC 66/ 46 C Apr. 30 May 7 May 14 May 22 41/20 Mostly sunny, not as cold White Plains 48/ 31 Tr 47/ 40 C 49/ 37 R Salt Lake City 66/ 51 0 62/ 44 Sh 63/ 46 PC Lisbon 64/ 53 0 69/ 55 C 70/ 54 T 6:44 a.m. 1:38 p.m. Green United States Yesterday Today Tomorrow San Antonio 86/ 61 0.17 89/ 64 S 94/ 62 S London 70/ 49 0 74/ 44 S 71/ 46 PC San Diego 75/ 62 0 78/ 64 S 81/ 65 S Madrid 68/ 45 0 70/ 52 C 73/ 51 PC 30/20 Mostly sunny, not as cold Albany 45/ 28 0.03 53/ 39 PC 49/ 33 R Sun RISE 6:05 a.m. Moon R 6:39 a.m. San Francisco 69/ 56 0 70/ 55 PC 72/ 55 S Moscow 45/ 35 0 47/ 27 PC 45/ 34 C Albuquerque 73/ 45 0.05 76/ 50 PC 75/ 48 PC SET 7:44 p.m. S 8:23 p.m. Adirondacks San Jose 77/ 58 0 78/ 56 PC 82/ 57 S Nice 66/ 58 0 68/ 56 PC 67/ 56 PC Anchorage 44/ 36 0.22 45/ 39 C 47/ 34 PC NEXT R 6:03 a.m. R 7:06 a.m. 43/25 Mostly sunny, cold San Juan 90/ 74 0.08 87/ 76 Sh 86/ 76 Sh Oslo 70/ 42 0 66/ 42 PC 56/ 36 PC Atlanta 74/ 55 0 70/ 55 T 75/ 56 PC 40s Seattle 58/ 49 0.54 60/ 48 Sh 63/ 51 PC Paris 72/ 52 0 76/ 51 S 78/ 53 PC Jupiter R 1:56 a.m. Mars R 3:04 a.m. Atlantic City 54/ 42 0 55/ 51 R 59/ 45 R Berkshires Sioux Falls 78/ 43 0 74/ 45 T 62/ 38 T Prague 63/ 37 0 67/ 40 S 70/ 41 C S 11:29 a.m. S 1:06 p.m. Austin 82/ 62 0.06 88/ 62 S 92/ 61 S 48/36 Periodic clous and sun Spokane 52/ 42 0 59/ 39 Sh 60/ 43 S Rome 63/ 55 0.93 67/ 50 Sh 67/ 47 S Baltimore 57/ 39 0 60/ 53 R 62/ 47 Sh Saturn R 2:14 a.m. Venus R 7:51 a.m. St. Louis 69/ 53 0 66/ 51 R 71/ 52 T St. Petersburg 48/ 35 0 49/ 32 PC 44/ 28 C Baton Rouge 83/ 69 0 83/ 58 T 86/ 62 S S 11:55 a.m. S 11:31 p.m. Catskills St. Thomas 86/ 78 0.05 88/ 78 PC 87/ 78 Sh Stockholm 63/ 38 0 61/ 39 PC 50/ 35 C Birmingham 75/ 56 Tr 74/ 54 T 78/ 58 PC 41/36 Mostly cloudy Syracuse 42/ 26 0.09 47/ 37 PC 52/ 33 R Vienna 64/ 37 0 67/ 41 S 74/ 53 C Boise 68/ 49 0 63/ 41 PC 64/ 44 PC Boating Tampa 87/ 69 0 88/ 77 PC 84/ 72 T Warsaw 64/ 40 0 68/ 43 PC 69/ 45 C Poconos Boston 49/ 33 0 53/ 39 PC 46/ 36 R Toledo 48/ 39 0.04 57/ 40 Sh 59/ 41 PC From Montauk Point to Sandy Hook, N.J., out to 20 Buffalo 41/ 30 0.04 44/ 36 Sh 51/ 34 C North America Yesterday Today Tomorrow 47/40 A little afternoon rain Tucson 84/ 58 0 92/ 60 S 94/ 64 S nautical miles, including Long Island Sound and New York Burlington 43/ 25 0.02 50/ 29 S 53/ 30 PC Acapulco 90/ 75 0 83/ 72 S 83/ 71 S Tulsa 68/ 56 0.47 77/ 56 PC 67/ 49 R Harbor. Southwest Pa. Casper 66/ 38 0 60/ 31 C 54/ 34 PC Virginia Beach 62/ 50 0 65/ 62 R 74/ 50 C Bermuda 72/ 66 0 67/ 62 S 72/ 69 PC 50s 54/45 Afternoon rain Charlotte 72/ 52 0 69/ 60 T 77/ 54 PC Washington 59/ 44 0 62/ 55 R 67/ 47 C Edmonton 53/ 35 0 58/ 34 PC 58/ 32 S Wind will be from the northwest, then southeast at 5-10 Chattanooga 74/ 54 0 73/ 56 T 76/ 56 PC Wichita 64/ 50 1.92 79/ 55 PC 70/ 46 R Guadalajara 90/ 57 0 92/ 54 S 93/ 54 S knots. Waves will be 1-3 feet on the ocean and a foot or Chicago 61/ 48 0.07 60/ 41 Sh 55/ 42 Sh Wilmington, Del. 54/ 37 0 57/ 50 R 59/ 42 R Havana 93/ 73 0 92/ 77 W 93/ 77 T less on Long Island Sound and on New York Harbor. Vis- Cincinnati 67/ 52 Tr 58/ 50 R 66/ 49 C West Virginia Kingston 88/ 77 0 89/ 80 W 88/ 80 W ibility lowering in any late-day rain. 60s Cleveland 43/ 40 0 60/ 41 Sh 52/ 39 PC Africa Yesterday Today Tomorrow Martinique 88/ 74 0.01 87/ 73 Sh 87/ 74 Sh 53/48 Rain and a thunderstorm Colorado Springs 65/ 39 0 64/ 37 PC 58/ 38 PC Algiers 64/ 47 0.38 67/ 50 PC 70/ 57 PC Mexico City 81/ 58 0 83/ 58 T 80/ 57 T High Tides Columbus 55/ 46 0.02 56/ 45 R 59/ 43 C Cairo 92/ 70 0 85/ 67 PC 94/ 60 PC Monterrey 94/ 72 0 96/ 64 S 101/ 68 PC Color bands Concord, N.H. 46/ 25 0 54/ 35 S 46/ 28 R Cape Town 73/ 52 0 73/ 57 PC 75/ 56 S Montreal 37/ 23 0.02 46/ 28 S 50/ 30 S Atlantic City ...... 8:33 a.m...... 8:47 p.m. Blue Ridge indicate water Dallas-Ft. Worth 83/ 60 0.33 85/ 64 PC 84/ 56 S Dakar 75/ 69 0 75/ 64 PC 74/ 66 PC Nassau 87/ 75 0.08 86/ 78 W 89/ 78 PC Barnegat Inlet ...... 8:48 a.m...... 9:00 p.m. 57/54 Rain and a thunderstorm temperature. Denver 67/ 43 0 65/ 36 T 56/ 37 PC Johannesburg 72/ 49 0 75/ 52 PC 73/ 55 PC Panama City 90/ 74 0.08 91/ 74 T 90/ 76 T The Battery ...... 9:28 a.m...... 9:33 p.m. Des Moines 73/ 50 0 70/ 48 C 61/ 42 R Nairobi 75/ 60 0.51 72/ 59 T 80/ 62 T Quebec City 33/ 24 Tr 43/ 20 W 50/ 24 S Beach Haven ...... 10:14 a.m...... 10:24 p.m. Detroit 44/ 36 0.01 49/ 38 Sh 57/ 38 PC Tunis 70/ 56 0.12 70/ 55 PC 70/ 56 PC Santo Domingo 90/ 71 0.01 89/ 73 PC 90/ 73 PC Bridgeport ...... 12:05 a.m...... 12:33 p.m. El Paso 82/ 60 0 87/ 66 S 89/ 63 S Toronto 43/ 26 0 42/ 35 C 52/ 33 PC City Island ...... 12:22 a.m...... 12:50 p.m. A storm will bring rain from the Blue Ridge Fargo 61/ 37 0 61/ 42 T 59/ 41 C Asia/Pacific Yesterday Today Tomorrow Vancouver 53/ 47 0.08 59/ 45 C 60/ 47 C Fire Island Lt...... 9:42 a.m...... 9:52 p.m. Mountains north through central Pennsyl- Hartford 48/ 29 0.01 49/ 39 PC 47/ 34 R Baghdad 95/ 69 0 96/ 67 PC 93/ 70 PC Winnipeg 49/ 28 0 61/ 34 C 58/ 34 PC Honolulu 83/ 71 0.03 83/ 72 PC 82/ 71 PC Bangkok 100/ 84 0 98/ 81 T 96/ 79 T Montauk Point ...... 10:14 a.m...... 10:25 p.m. vania. Showers will move farther north Houston 81/ 71 0.21 87/ 64 S 90/ 63 S Beijing 60/ 37 0 67/ 42 S 84/ 55 S South America Yesterday Today Tomorrow Northport ...... 12:12 a.m...... 12:37 p.m. Indianapolis 68/ 51 0 58/ 47 R 63/ 49 C Damascus 86/ 54 0 79/ 49 W 78/ 55 PC Buenos Aires 68/ 60 0 72/ 67 PC 73/ 63 Sh Port Washington ...... 12:22 a.m...... 12:47 p.m. into southern New York. It will be dry Jackson 78/ 62 Tr 80/ 54 T 82/ 58 S Hong Kong 76/ 72 0.16 76/ 66 Sh 70/ 65 T Caracas 90/ 76 0.01 85/ 75 PC 85/ 75 Sh Sandy Hook ...... 8:56 a.m...... 9:06 p.m. farther north and east through New Eng- Jacksonville 78/ 61 0 88/ 69 T 83/ 65 T Jakarta 93/ 79 0 92/ 78 T 91/ 76 T Lima 79/ 66 0 73/ 65 S 73/ 65 S Shinnecock Inlet ...... 8:37 a.m...... 8:54 p.m. land, with sunshine and some clouds. Kansas City 63/ 51 0 73/ 51 C 64/ 45 R Jerusalem 82/ 60 0 69/ 54 S 79/ 54 W Quito 67/ 46 0.31 71/ 55 Sh 70/ 55 R Stamford ...... 12:05 a.m...... 12:32 p.m. Key West 86/ 81 Tr 87/ 82 S 88/ 81 PC Karachi 98/ 80 0 97/ 80 PC 94/ 80 PC Recife 82/ 77 0.22 88/ 76 PC 87/ 78 Sh Tarrytown ...... 11:17 a.m...... 11:22 p.m. Las Vegas 86/ 66 0 90/ 68 S 87/ 68 S Manila 97/ 82 0 96/ 81 PC 97/ 80 C Rio de Janeiro 77/ 69 0 78/ 69 S 78/ 68 S Willets Point ...... 12:20 a.m...... 12:51 p.m. Lexington 66/ 51 0 62/ 51 R 65/ 50 C Mumbai 91/ 80 0 92/ 83 PC 91/ 82 PC Santiago 81/ 53 0 72/ 49 S 69/ 49 PC

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Gift subscriptions to The Times start at $25. Visit nytimes.com/gift or call 855-698-5273. THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 0 N A21 Common Thread in ‘Challenged’ Books: Issues of Gender and Sexual Identity

By CHRISTINE HAUSER 377 attempts to remove books or McNicholas Eight of the 10 most challenged materials from libraries, schools This 2014 picture book about be- books last year were based on and universities. Most of the chal- ing transgender has been at the L.G.B.T.Q. subjects or narratives, lenges came from patrons, fol- center of controversy and a regu- the American Library Association lowed by administrators, political lar feature on the American Li- said in its annual ranking of books and religious groups, librarians, brary Association list. Recent that were banned or protested in teachers, elected officials and stu- challenges focused on its schools and public libraries. dents. L.G.B.T.Q. content and objected to One of them parodied Marlon The challenges — sometimes the fact that it features a transgen- Bundo, Vice President Mike made in a written request, some- der person and confronts a topic Pence’s rabbit. Another told a times made via public protest — that is “sensitive, controversial story about a marriage between are not always successful, Ms. and politically charged.” two men. Other books on the 2019 Caldwell-Stone said. “We are not surprised to see ‘I list were stories about children “But the fact that the requests Am Jazz’ return to the top 10 list of and transgender identity. are being made is deeply concern- banned books in America,” Ms. “This year, we saw the contin- ing,” she added. “We find that Herthel said. “The increased visi- uation of a trend of a rising num- young people in particular need to bility of young trans people com- ber of challenges to L.G.B.T.Q. find themselves reflected in the bined with the unprecedented po- books,” said Deborah Caldwell- books they read. And serving litical attacks on the L.G.B.T.Q. Stone, executive director of the li- those needs does not take away community makes the book an brary association’s Office for In- anything from those people with easy target.” tellectual Freedom, which com- other viewpoints.” piles the list. Of the 566 books involved, these ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ “Our concern is the fact that were the 10 most frequently chal- By Margaret Atwood many of the books are age-appro- lenged. priate and developmentally ap- Objections to this book centered propriate books intended for ‘George’ on its “profanity” and “vulgarity young people, but they are being and sexual overtones,” the Ameri- By Alex Gino challenged because they alleg- can Library Association reported. ERIC LIEBOWITZ/HBO, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS edly advance a political agenda or George, a 10-year-old transgender sexualize children,” she said. Ac- child who has secretly renamed John Oliver with a book that imagines a gay romance involving Vice President Mike Pence’s rabbit. ‘Drama’ cording to the association, the herself Melissa, dreams of playing Charlotte, the female spider, in a Written and illustrated by Raina Tel- challenges came from parents, ‘Beyond Magenta: book was challenged over its administrators to object to the gemeier legislators and religious leaders. fourth-grade production of “Char- Transgender Teens Speak Out’ L.G.B.T.Q. content and political book, which is about a prince and Callie is a theater-loving teenager “Libraries are community insti- lotte’s Web.” “With refreshingly viewpoints (“designed to pollute a knight who fall in love, as “a de- determined to create a set worthy tutions, intended to serve diverse little fanfare, Gino uses the ‘her- By Susan Kuklin the morals of its readers”) as well liberate attempt to indoctrinate of Broadway. The book’s communities,” Ms. Caldwell- self’ pronoun to describe how “Beyond Magenta” was chal- as for not including a content young children, especially boys, L.G.B.T.Q. themes raised objec- Stone added. “That includes all George sees, well, herself — de- lenged for “its effect on any young warning. In one instance, a person into the L.G.B.T.Q.A. lifestyle,” ac- spite a birth certificate that says tions that it goes against “family kinds of individuals and families.” people who would read it” and defaced a copy of the book, writ- cording to the library associa- otherwise,” Tim Federle wrote in values/morals,” the library asso- Challenges to books tend to re- over concerns that it was sexually ing: “Girl bunnies marry boy bun- tion’s field report. It was tempo- The New York Times Book Re- ciation said. flect the times. In 2016, for exam- explicit and biased, the library as- nies. This is the way it has always rarily removed from the library, view in 2015. “George” was also on ple, an election year defined by sociation said. been.” but later returned. the American Library Associa- political debates over bathroom In an interview, Mr. Haack said The ‘Harry Potter’ series tion’s 2016 and 2017 lists of most- bills, immigration and race, sev- the “sweeping, epic, romantic ad- By J. K. Rowling challenged books. ‘Last Week Tonight With ‘Sex Is a Funny Word’ eral of the most frequently chal- John Oliver Presents a Day in venture that features two men as The series was challenged over its lenged titles shared themes of Written by Cory Silverberg and illus- The library association said the Life of Marlon Bundo’ the leads,” as a genre, was practi- magic and witchcraft references, gender, religious diversity and some school administrators re- trated by Fiona Smyth cally nonexistent in children’s for its curses and spells and for L.G.B.T.Q. issues. moved the book because it includ- Written by Jill Twiss and illustrated This sex-education comic book books. characters who use “nefarious In January, a Missouri law- ed a transgender child and be- by EG Keller was challenged, banned and relo- “I was hoping to fill that void,” means” to attain goals. maker, State Representative Ben cause they believed that the “sex- The book, a gay romance between cated for L.G.B.T.Q. content; for he said. “When kids only see a Baker, proposed a bill that would uality was not appropriate at ele- two bunnies, was the brainchild of discussing gender identity; and certain way of being, only white ‘And Tango Makes Three’ subject public library employees mentary levels.” Some who the HBO comedy host John Oliver, for concerns that the title and il- protagonists or straight ro- Written by Peter Parnell and Justin to a fine or jail time for providing objected to “George” said schools who described it as a mocking re- lustrations were “inappropriate.” mances, in the media they con- “age-inappropriate sexual ma- and libraries should not “put buke of the vice president’s oppo- Richardson and illustrated by Henry sume, then that is the template Cole terial.” Mr. Baker, a Republican, books in a child’s hand that re- sition to gay and transgender ‘Prince & Knight’ for what is normal for them.” said the bill was inspired by li- quire discussion”; opponents also rights. The book parodies one This children’s book, which details brary programming and events cited its sexual references and a written by Mr. Pence’s daughter Written by Daniel Haack and illus- the true story of two male pen- like Drag Queen Story Hour. viewpoint described as at odds about a bunny who observes the trated by Stevie Lewis ‘I Am Jazz’ guins and the baby chick they The Office for Intellectual Free- with “traditional family struc- vice president. Josh Layfield, a pastor in Upshur Written by Jessica Herthel and Jazz hatched together, raised objec- dom said that in 2019, there were ture.” The library association said the County, W.Va., met with library Jennings and illustrated by Shelagh tions for its L.G.B.T.Q. content.

Corrections

FRONT PAGE 4 that included Renee Hess and An article on Tuesday about a Kim Davis, an N.H.L. executive. unity government formed in Hess asked Davis about her Israel by Prime Minister Ben- thoughts on the harassment of jamin Netanyahu and Benny Miller for the first time while on a Gantz referred imprecisely to call organized by the Black Girls West Bank territory that Mr. Hockey Club; Hess did not reach Netanyahu would like to annex. out by email ahead of the call to The land is occupied by Israel. ask if Davis would address the The Palestinians want it for a Miller incident during it. future state, but do not have sovereignty over it. SCIENCE TIMES An article on Tuesday about TRACKING AN OUTBREAK misinformation that arises from An article on Wednesday about scientific research posted on the problems many independent preprint servers and read by the restaurateurs have had in getting nonscientific community referred federal small-business relief imprecisely to the posting of and misidentified the advocacy group subsequent revisions to a paper that Thomas Keller and other that studied how the new coro- chefs have formed to get insur- navirus endures on surfaces and ance companies to pay claims for in aerosols. While language in an Covid-related shutdowns. It is the introductory paragraph to the Business Interruption Group, not paper posted on medRxiv was the Business Interruption Organi- revised, the authors did not back zation. away from the central conclusions of their research. NATIONAL An article on Wednesday about OBITUARIES the effects of President Trump’s An obituary on Tuesday about the decision to suspend some green restaurateur Sirio Maccioni, using cards misstated the position that information from a family friend,

MIKE SIEGEL/THE SEATTLE TIMES, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS Brad Smith holds at Microsoft. He misstated the number of grand- A U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services office in Seattle last month. A new pause on green cards will last at least 60 days. is the company’s president, not its children who survive him. There chief executive. It also misstated are five, not two. the number of employment-based An obituary on Monday about the green cards granted in 2018. It former Treasury secretary Paul was 140,000, not 14,000. Trump’s Pen Halts Green Cards, but Leaves Loopholes H. O’Neill misstated the name and location of the school where By ZOLAN KANNO-YOUNGS sas,” including visas for seasonal enough,” said Theresa Cardinal many of his top officials in the An article on Wednesday about a new Senate report that undercuts he studied for a doctorate in WASHINGTON — President workers. Brown, the director of immigra- Homeland Security and Defense claims by President Trump that economics. It was Claremont Trump signed an executive order While the president often rails tion and cross border policy at the Departments. The administration Obama-era officials sought to University College, not Claremont on Wednesday temporarily block- against illegal immigration and Bipartisan Policy Center. The ex- had already used authorities undermine him while investigat- Graduate University (its name ing the issuance of green cards to promotes the construction of a ecutive order “means families will granted to Mr. Trump’s top health only since 1998), and it is in Clare- those outside the United States, wall along the southwestern bor- be separated, employers who officials to effectively seal the ing Russia’s meddling in the 2016 mont, Calif., not Pomona. but the measure includes numer- der, the order is focused on the have spent a lot of money and a lot southern border, and halt refugee election misstated the day the of time to say, ‘This is the person I Senate Intelligence Committee ous exemptions, like those for family-based immigration he and flights and naturalization ceremo- An obituary on April 9 about need for my company,’ will not released the report. It was Tues- overseas spouses and young chil- his allies have frequently assailed nies. The State Department had Linda Tripp, whose secret audio- dren of American citizens. as “chain-based migration.” have that person, and I can imag- suspended visa services last day, not Thursday. ine they will not take kindly to tapes of Monica Lewinsky led to The order, which will be in place “It would be wrong and unjust month at U.S. embassies and con- this,” Ms. Brown said. the impeachment of President Bill for at least 60 days, will affect for Americans laid off by the virus sulates, but immigrants were still BUSINESS Mr. Trump said this week that Clinton, referred incorrectly to a thousands of parents, adult chil- able to take procedural steps to An article on Monday about the he would impose a more sweeping grant of immunity that she re- dren and siblings of citizens seek- come to the United States. effects of the coronavirus pan- order, saying he intended to close ceived. Although she was granted ing to immigrate to the United Hours before Mr. Trump signed the United States to people trying demic on the meat industry mis- federal immunity by Kenneth States. Under the measure, a di- the order, Kellyanne Conway, his Exemptions for to immigrate to the country to live stated the amount of meat in cold Starr, the independent prosecutor versity visa lottery that issues top adviser, said lawyers were still and work. But under intense pres- storage. There are hundreds of handling the Clinton investiga- about 50,000 visas each year will spouses and young completing the policy. The execu- millions of pounds of beef, chicken sure from business groups, he tive order seemed to acknowledge tion, a county judge in Maryland be suspended, and green card backed off barring guest workers and pork in storage, not hundreds children of citizens. there might be issues with the ruled that she was not protected holders in the United States will for technology companies, farms of millions of tons. ban’s enactment, noting that if any from prosecution on state wire- be prevented from reuniting with and other employers. Still, some provisions were “held to be in- tapping charges. (Maryland’s their spouses abroad. business groups said they were SPORTS valid because of the lack of certain chief state prosecutor nonetheless But it does not apply to immi- to be replaced with new immi- frustrated by the move. procedural requirements,” the rel- An article on Saturday about a later dropped those charges.) grants already in the United grant labor flown in from abroad,” “Given the unprecedented eco- evant agency should subse- public act of racism directed at States, nor to those seeking tem- Mr. Trump said on Tuesday. “We nomic turmoil caused by the quently fulfill those requirements. the New York Rangers player Errors are corrected during the press porary visas, including students must first take care of the Ameri- Covid-19 health crisis, it is espe- or guest workers like farmers. Mr. Trump has said that he may K’Andre Miller described incor- run whenever possible, so some errors can worker.” cially important now to welcome rectly the preparation leading up noted here may not have appeared in Other exceptions include health the world’s top innovators and job extend the policy after 60 days But as the pandemic touches to a videoconference call on April all editions. care professionals and their fam- every corner of daily life, includ- creators, not send them home,” “based on economic conditions at ilies as well as people in the EB-5 ing the economy, few employers said John Neuffer, the chief of the the time.” program, who invest hundreds of are reaching out for workers at Semiconductor Industry Associa- Krish O’Mara Vignarajah, the Contact the Newsroom: Editorials: [email protected] thousands of dollars in programs home or abroad. And critics have tion, a trade group. president and chief of Lutheran [email protected] Newspaper Delivery: that create jobs. emphasized research that shows More than one million immi- Immigration and Refugee Serv- or call 1-844-NYT-NEWS [email protected] or call Also exempt from the order are immigrants have a positive effect grants were granted green cards ice, said that “economically (1-844-698-6397). 1-800-NYTIMES (1-800-698-4637). members of the military and their on the economy. Immigrants and in the 2019 fiscal year, and about speaking, the thinking behind this children, as well as Iraqis and their potential employers are also half of them — 458,556 — were order plays into the patently those from Afghanistan who ob- already subject to a certification overseas. Many of those visas flawed idea that American pros- tain visas by assisting military op- process to ensure that there are an went to the spouses and children perity is a zero-sum game.” erations. The policy could, howev- insufficient number of American of citizens. “To the contrary, we see consis- er, be expanded; Mr. Trump’s top workers to fill any potential job. Mr. Trump’s initial announce- tently that immigrants are essen- cabinet officials will convene in at “He’s saying the system, the la- ment, issued on Twitter late Mon- tial, entrepreneurial, taxpaying least 30 days to review any re- bor protections existing in the day night, that he intended to and job-creating members of soci- strictions on “nonimmigrant vi- statute right now, are not good “suspend immigration” surprised ety” she said. A22 THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

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EDITORIAL LETTERS How Government ‘Failed the Elderly’ Covid-19 Threatens Global Safety Net TO THE EDITOR: this deadly virus’s spread. Many Re “Death Toll Spikes at Nursing states are still not prioritizing test- Homes as Defenses Crack” (front ing for long-term care residents or page, April 18): staff, and the Trump administration I am a medical director of two has still not made testing of nursing nursing homes in New York City. home residents and employees a Thanks for your article showing the top priority on a par with hospitals. world the effect of Covid-19 on the We have followed or exceeded all nursing home population. However, Centers for Disease Control and let’s not forget the impact on the Prevention and Centers for Medi- families of the loved ones lost and care and Medicaid Services guid- the impact on the staff. Employees ance, but this is a complex, un- who get the virus and die. Employ- known virus. Health care workers ees who get the virus and transmit are providing extraordinary and to family members. The overall compassionate care at great per- morale of the staff — the deep- sonal risk. seated pain of seeing so many The country should not continue elderly die, people with whom you to ask an industry that is caring for have created lasting bonds. its most vulnerable citizens to fight I love being a geriatrician; it is this battle without the necessary my calling. I love seeing the smile tools. Governors and the White on my patients’ faces. I love provid- House have the power to change ing compassionate end-of-life care this now and for future pandemics. when necessary. GEORGE HAGER, NAPLES, FLA. However, Covid-19 has nearly killed my spirit. As I enter the The writer is chief executive of Genesis building, I put on a suit of armor to Healthcare, which operates almost 400 battle the invisible Covid-19. I can’t nursing homes and senior living com- recognize the staff — we are all munities. masked and suited up. We see residents with fevers, some with TO THE EDITOR: cough. We try and try, yet people VICTOR MORIYAMA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES die. The horrific, exploding number of I just can’t take it. My heart deaths in nursing homes from Having rampaged through the wealthier Northern Hemi- grams, like polio eradication, supported by the United States bleeds. Why did the government coronavirus calls for a reckoning sphere, the coronavirus is expected to strike next in the Agency for International Development. not come and assess the needs of for a care model that too often poorer South, where many countries are far less equipped to For all its shortcomings, the W.H.O. identified the new nursing homes from the onset? warehouses seniors and people with disabilities. The post-pan- cope with the medical and economic ravages. Fortunately, illness then spreading in Wuhan on Jan. 9; it provided a Nursing homes have so few re- demic narrative for nursing facili- there are international organizations such as the Interna- fairly accurate description by Jan. 23; and on Jan. 30 it de- sources. We are warriors going to battle without all the necessary ties cannot simply be how to pre- tional Monetary Fund and the World Health Organization to clared “a public health emergency of international concern.” equipment. The government failed pare better the next time. help with just such a contingency. Unfortunately, the Trump All the while it was sharing critical information with Ameri- us. Most important, it failed the Too many long-term care facili- administration is hampering the work of these critically can officials at W.H.O. headquarters in Geneva. But in late elderly. ties represent a morally bankrupt needed agencies. February, Mr. Trump was still saying infections in the However, we refuse to give up. way to care for seniors and people President Trump took aim first at the W.H.O. last week, United States would soon go “close to zero.” We will keep fighting. I refuse to with disabilities. Three people suspending funding for the organization pending a review of The I.M.F. and its special drawing rights are a some- believe that death is inevitable for confined to one room? Underpaid its handling of the outbreak, which he deemed too slow and what different story, with the same result. With the realiza- my Covid-19-infected patients. I staffing? Unsanitary facilities? Constant staffing shortages? About too reverential toward China. Next, the White House turned tion growing that emerging and developing countries are hope the government wakes up 380,000 annual deaths from infec- facing crises far in excess of what rich countries have en- soon and helps us. to the I.M.F., blocking a new issue of its “special drawing tions? rights,” an international reserve asset created by the fund in dured, the managing director of the fund, Kristalina YONETTE DAVIS, NEW YORK So many individuals and families 1969 to supplement member countries’ official reserves. Georgieva, told the fund’s annual meeting, held virtually, live this pain, yet nursing homes There is some understandable anger at international in- that the world had never seen such a growing demand for TO THE EDITOR: seem out of sight, out of mind. We stitutions. The W.H.O. was slow off the mark, and its public emergency funding, which for poorer countries would Your article rightly points out that must use this tragedy to truly in- statements praising China’s measures against the virus amount to trillions of dollars. The most effective way to get scarcity of virus tests and personal vest in care that respects and ad- made no reference to Beijing’s initial silence and continuing the funding out pronto was a new issue of the S.D.R.s, she protective equipment has been a dresses the dignity and health of disinformation campaign about the outbreak. The special suggested, an idea that quickly found critical factor in the spread of coro- people needing care and those navirus. But it wrongly suggests workers providing it. drawing rights, for their part, are allocated in proportion to support from a broad range of finance Developing that facilities are somehow at fault ministers, economists and nonprofit or- BILL HENNING, BOSTON voting rights in the I.M.F., so the greatest benefit would be nations will for this. for stronger economies that need it less. need help with ganizations. Lawrence Summers, the Inadequate supply of P.P.E., lack The writer is executive director of the But these are arguments best left for normal times. economic and former U.S. Treasury secretary, and of access to testing and slow testing Boston Center for Independent Living, They certainly have no place when instruments of immedi- public health Gordon Brown, a former British chan- results for nursing homes have which provides services and advocacy ate economic and medical aid, created for just the sort of cri- disruptions. cellor of the Exchequer, argued in The been the greatest contributors to for people with disabilities. sis the world is suffering today, are most desperately Washington Post that “if ever there was needed. At the outset Mr. Trump had nothing but praise for a moment for an expansion of the international money the W.H.O.’s and China’s handling of the pandemic — the known as Special Drawing Rights, it is now.” Writing in The W.H.O., he said initially, was “working very hard and very Financial Times, Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany Trump’s Temporary Freeze on Green Cards smart,” and as late as March 27, he tweeted fulsome praise joined President Emmanuel Macron of France and major Af- TO THE EDITOR: more than a 60-day delay in pro- for China: “China has been through much & has developed a rican leaders to urge the I.M.F. to decide quickly on S.D.R.s As an immigration lawyer, I have cessing. It’s the policy equivalent of strong understanding of the virus.” The I.M.F., it seems, was to “provide additional liquidity for the procurement of basic unfortunately become accustomed adding another 100 steps to a Rube not yet on his radar. commodities and essential medical supplies.” to working with executive orders Goldberg machine. What changed? Mostly growing criticism of Mr. Trump, No, said the White House. It would be better for ad- that are impulsive and cruel. Presi- CLARE CORADO, INDIANAPOLIS and grumbling in conservative circles that China was gain- vanced countries to contribute to other I.M.F. programs, dent Trump’s recent announcement certainly checks all the usual boxes. ing ground in the coronavirus propaganda sweepstakes. said Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin. The administra- TO THE EDITOR: tion may really believe that, though Mr. Mnuchin offered no In “Trump to Order a 60-Day The W.H.O. was a natural scapegoat for the failings of the Stop of Green Cards” (front page, With millions of Americans sud- federal government, even though by most metrics it was far indication on the size or timing of an American contribution April 22), you discuss the humani- denly out of work because of the ahead of the administration in taking action. elsewhere. But there’s also the possibility that the White tarian concerns raised by the policy coronavirus crisis, pausing some The president first raised the idea of cutting payments House does not want to see I.M.F. resources go to countries as well as its hypocritical approach forms of immigration seems like a to the W.H.O. two weeks ago, then backed down, acknowl- it sees as adversaries, such as Iran or Venezuela or even to temporary workers versus green prudent, common-sense policy. China, even if that causes untold damage elsewhere. card applicants. American workers are struggling edging that a global pandemic was “maybe not” the time to enough, and this is hardly the mo- freeze funding for the organization coordinating interna- It is natural that an unexpected pandemic would send I share those concerns, but wish you had also explored the ways in ment to force them to compete with tional health work. Then last week he decided it was just the governments first to look after their own. But the fact is that which the policy creates additional foreign workers. this is a global crisis, which will require a global response. time, telling a White House briefing that “the reality is that layers of bureaucratic hell that are Whatever one’s feelings on the the W.H.O. failed to adequately obtain, vet and share infor- One country may succeed in tamping down infections, but astounding even for the U.S. immi- totality of the Trump administra- mation in a timely and transparent fashion.” so long as the virus is raging elsewhere it threatens to come gration system. Many visa and tion’s immigration policies, this What the suspension actually means remains unclear, back, again and again, as it is doing already in China. green card applications already move should not stir intense contro- More important, it is a mark of national and global lead- require a sometimes yearslong versy. The duty of the U.S. govern- even in the White House, like so many other pronounce- ment right now, and always, is to ments by Mr. Trump. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has ar- ership to resist the impulse to push the rest of the world dance of deadlines, lotteries, quotas and carefully coordinated interna- protect the economic interests of gued that the president can’t block money allocated by Con- away in a time like this. There should be no need to explain tional travel. American workers. In a climate of why the United States — the dominant and richest member gress, and in any case the United States is apparently not re- In the coronavirus era, my clients mass layoffs and downsizing, it’s quired to make its next payment until after the review peri- of the W.H.O. and the I.M.F. and a nation to which the world have already been put in impossible clear that immigration does not od of 60 to 90 days. What the White House could suspend looks up in times of upheaval — should take the lead in as- positions as they try to remain serve those interests. are voluntary contributions, some of which are for pro- sisting countries the world over. compliant. This policy is so much MATTHEW SAMILOW, WESTON, FLA.

FARHAD MANJOO Two Parents. Two Kids. Two Jobs. No Child Care. THINGS ARE STARTING to break down. I list of demands. We refused to sign; my barrassingly indulgent of self-care, nei- ing the day. autistic son near Seattle. “I’m forgetting don’t just mean psyche and soul and so- wife was taken prisoner, and the children ther of us feels as if we are doing any- In nearly half of America’s two-parent things constantly. I’ve lost every sem- cial bonds and sense of self. I mean ordi- do not appear to think highly of the laws thing other than failing at everything, ev- households, both parents work full time. blance of organization. It’s embarrassing nary, overworked things around the of conflict. (They let her nap, but only ery day. Even in ordinary times, American par- and troubling and I’m not proud of the house: the dishwasher, the garage-door with the lights on.) There is a largely meaningless debate ents report feeling deep stress about work I’m doing,” she said. opener, the fridge door, the faucet in the Does this sound fun? going on right now about when to “re- raising children while working (the Another mom, Erika Brown Ekiel, who kids’ bathroom, the towel hanger in the Maybe one day we’ll get a kick out of it. open” the economy, as if you could just stress is, of course, borne largely by lives near me in the Bay Area, described kids’ bathroom, the toilet in the kids’ For now, we do not. women). “such a level of emotional and mental bathroom. (Don’t ask.) Yes, I am blessed beyond all measure. But across demographics and income stress that it’s hard to see how much Bodies, too. So far we’ve had a sprain My family and I are so far healthy and Maybe one day we’ll get a levels, the pandemic has undone many of longer this can go on without creating re- (our 9-year-old apparently attempting financially secure. We live in the San the supports parents usually rely on to ally dangerous consequences all the land speed record on a scooter meant Francisco Bay Area, where government manage raising children while working. throughout society.” for a toddler) and a possible fracture kick out of this. For now, She tried to continue, beginning to ex- has been surprisingly effective and the If even fancy me is faring so poorly, I (him again, attempting same on a bicy- plain how her kids’ interruptions were death toll from the coronavirus minimal. we do not. can’t imagine how others — the single cle, after dark). For a school diary entry, limiting her capacity to get in any state of My wife and I both have jobs that can be parents, the front-line-worker parents, our 7-year-old recounted how, during a workplace “flow.” But just then she was the newly unemployed parents — are game of Chicken Charades, she bit bru- done mostly from home. Also, as my par- roll up the clanky gate on society and interrupted by her nearly naked son. tally into her lip, resulting in The World’s ents keep telling everyone they know, take us back to the way we were on New coping. “Put your pants and shirt back on,” she Biggest Canker Sore. my kids happen to be the world’s most Year’s Day. “I feel like I’m doing everything poorly scolded. “This is the worst day of my life,” she perfect children. The argument is moot, because across and have no energy to focus on any- Here is where, ordinarily, I would con- reported. And yet, in this fifth week of sheltering vast parts of the country, school has thing,” said Nilesh Shah, an assistant clude with a grand thought about Amer- There is much ambient love in my in place, I am really starting to wonder closed for good for the academic year, professor at the University of Pittsburgh ica: I might venture that cross-society household under lockdown, but I’m how anyone could think this is sustain- and many of the already meager, expen- who is raising a 2-year-old with his wife, parental stress under pandemic could sorry to say that at any particular mo- able. sive and inconvenient options for child who also works full time for the univer- forge a new parental voting bloc. That ment there is likely to be a state of war. Attempting to work full time while care during the summer may still be sity. perhaps now universal child care will be Over the weekend, the kids, often bat- rooming with, feeding and educating one deemed unsafe. The economy will not re- “I know I am not working to the best of regarded as a necessity, not some kind of tling each other over diminished paren- or more children during the pandemic is ally “open up,” and life will not really re- my capabilities,” said Llyra De La Mere, indulgence. But the kids are asking for tal attention, unexpectedly banded to- not going well — not for me, and not for turn to normal, as long as parents don’t a market-research analyst who lives lunch, and I have to break it to them that gether and presented us with a written most people I know. Though we are em- have any place to send our children dur- with her husband and their 12-year-old all the hot dogs are gone. Pray for me. 0 THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N A23

NICHOLAS KRISTOF GAIL COLLINS This Pandemic Mutineers, Is Bringing Raise Your Another Hands

ANOTHER PANDEMIC IS looming on the IN TROUBLED TIMES we often find some heels of the coronavirus: a pandemic of great book, or work of art, or film that starvation, illiteracy and poverty. helps put everything in context. And I’m a “We are not only facing a global health little worried that right now for Donald pandemic but also a global humanitarian Trump it’s “Mutiny on the Bounty.” catastrophe,” David Beasley, a former “Tell the Democrat Governors that ‘Mu- South Carolina governor who is executive tiny On The Bounty’ was one of my all time director of the United Nations World Food favorite movies,” Trump tweeted recently. Program, warned the Security Council “A good old fashioned mutiny every now this week. “We could be looking at famine and then is an exciting and invigorating in about three dozen countries.” thing to watch, especially when the muti- The world, he said, faces its most seri- neers need so much from the Captain. Too ous humanitarian crisis since World War easy!” II. The Democratic governors’ sin ap- Developing countries have enormous peared to be their attempt to work togeth- vulnerabilities, such as overcrowded er on a de-escalation of our coronavirus slums and health systems in which doc- stay-at-home rules. Everybody is obsess- tors are scarce and ventilators almost ing about getting back to some semblance nonexistent. Ten countries in Africa have of normal. Most people who have been no ventilators at all. studying the situation think that would re- We instruct people to protect them- MARCO OTTICO/EPA, VIA SHUTTERSTOCK quire a ton of testing and an elaborate sys- selves from the coronavirus by washing tem to isolate the infected. their hands with soap and water, but more However, one person mulled over the people worldwide have a cellphone (5 bil- situation and thought of “Mutiny on the lion) than have the ability to wash their Bounty.” hands at home (4.8 billion). Almost 4 out It Is Too Soon to ‘Reopen’ States Now “Mutiny” is the story of sailors who of 10 people worldwide, a total of 3 billion rise up against a cruel, greedy and possi- people, don’t have hand-washing options useful to help guide us to decisions to flat- effective R that remains well below one af- bly crazy Captain Bligh, setting him adrift at home, according to U.N. estimates. Aaron E. Carroll ten the curve and prevent the health care ter the peak. Good social distancing poli- on a rowboat. A little weird that our com- For doctors and nurses in poor coun- system from being overwhelmed. cies do that, and when modeled, that’s how mander in chief would be so enraptured. tries, the challenge is not just a lack of Even as they are updated, though, many we see rapid declines. But so very Trumpian that he appeared to EORGIA, Tennessee and South face masks: More than one-third of health of the models remain symmetric. Reality “Some transmission models assume have no clue Bligh was the villain. Carolina are eager to ease social- centers in impoverished countries don’t isn’t. that the reduction in effective R remains Actual plot is not a presidential priority. distancing restrictions. They be- have hand-washing facilities, the U.N. re- Let’s start with new cases. According to fixed during a policy like social distancing Trump loved “Gone With the Wind,” which lieve they are over the worst of ports. G the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Research and doesn’t change as long as that policy is I believe he remembers as the story of a their outbreaks. They are assured partly Horrifying images from Guayaquil, Ec- Center, Italy had its worst day of new cases in effect,” said Marc Lipsitch, a professor sassy Southern spitfire who becomes the because they’ve been looking at models uador, of bodies left to rot in the street un- (6,557) in mid-March. More than a month of epidemiology at Harvard. “S.E.I.R. mod- third wife of a handsome Yankee patent that show that once an outbreak has derscore the risks in the developing later, it’s still having thousands a day. els are approximately symmetric under medicine salesman turned Confederate peaked, it resolves about as quickly as it world. Spain started seeing an increase in cases static policies for that reason.” talk-show host. began. Yet there are also countervailing fac- in the beginning of March and peaked Right now, the rate of transmission isn’t The shelter-in-place rules certainly But evidence from Western Europe is tors. The virus is particularly likely to kill about three weeks later at 9,630. About a low enough for us to think we’ve suc- have fomented some rebellion in right- not fitting this pattern. Governors should older people, especially those suffering month after that, it’s still finding around ceeded in getting ahold of this pandemic. rethink decisions to loosen restrictions 4,000 a day. Belgium rose and flattened, Areas that have seen their reductions in anytime soon. not dropped. So did the Netherlands. None new cases stall have an effective R hover- Models are useful for the Covid-19 pan- Almost every movie of them rose, peaked and fell smoothly. ing around one. Those countries — and More suffering is ahead demic because they help us plan and make The numbers of new cases can be influ- nearly all in Western Europe qualify — are decisions. They also help us to predict the reminds Trump of . . . enced by testing. The less you test, the less perilously close to seeing cases start to for the developing world. future. Most of the models that have you’ll find. It doesn’t appear, though, that rise. There’s no reason to assume the something it’s not. caught the country’s attention are nicely the more-than-expected numbers of cases United States will be different. symmetric. They show cases and deaths from pre-existing medical conditions, and Some states are nevertheless talking rising rapidly, peaking and then coming that’s where developing countries have a about reopening society and the economy. wing circles, and Trump has had a rather down just as fast. The report from the Im- huge advantage. Only 2 percent of people It’s hard to imagine how this won’t in- shifting perspective. For a while he perial College in Britain that seemed to in Angola, Burkina Faso or Kenya are The rate of virus crease the effective R. wanted to be totally in charge. Then he make much of the country snap into focus over the age of 65. In Haiti, the figure is 5 There’s also a direct relationship be- wanted the governors to take over. Then in March outlined a variety of strategies transmission isn’t low percent; in India, 6 percent. In contrast, tween the number of cases that show up he began egging on protesters who want that we could take to mitigate the spread of 23 percent in Italy and 16 percent in the each day and the resources it will take to to force the governors to drop restrictions. the infection; almost all showed a rise and enough for us to control. United States are over 65, according to do contact tracing and isolation to prevent Some governors didn’t need any urging a fall that mirrored each other. the World Bank. further spread. Places that exit earlier will at all. Remember Kristi Noem in South Models from the Institute for Health Likewise, 70 percent of Americans are are due to increased testing after the peak. need more resources, not fewer, than those Dakota? She spurned the stay-at-home Metrics and Evaluation at the University overweight or obese, a significant risk Deaths, while more of a lagging outcome, that wait until the number of new cases drill as an exercise in “herd mentality.” of Washington, known as I.H.M.E., which factor for the coronavirus. That is a far show a similar pattern. each day has been minimized. Almost no (Nobody knows herds like South Dakota.) greater share of the population than in the reportedly caught the attention of the Italy’s deaths peaked at the beginning of locations are prepared in terms of tests When employees at a pork-processing developing world. White House weeks later, showed a similar the month, slowed a bit, but have leveled and public health personnel. plant came down with the coronavirus, pattern. Put that all together and how badly will off in the last week or more. Britain peaked Leaders are overestimating how far the governor preferred to talk about how Covid-19 strike poor countries? These two models use different method- about a week ago and has held somewhat they’ve come, and they’re underestimat- she’d been working with Jared Kushner — “We just don’t know,” Esther Duflo, an ology. Imperial College runs calculations steady. So has France. So has Germany. ing what it will take to manage Covid-19 in Jared! — on a plan to test the power of M.I.T. economist who won the Nobel in based on how many people are suscepti- What’s worrisome is that none of these a more close-to-normal world. Failure to Trump’s favorite corona-cure, hydroxy- economic science last year, told me. ble, exposed and infected, and then re- countries has seen a rapid decline to mir- properly prepare will result in either a chloroquine. (“It’s an exciting day.”) Dr. David Nabarro, a veteran U.N. cover (S.E.I.R.). Different models can in- ror its rapid increase. The U.S. really surge of infections and all the negative Since then, hydroxychloroquine’s been global health expert, put it this way: “We clude variables — like how infectious or hasn’t seen any significant decline at all. health and health care system ramifica- flunking its tests and even Trump no long- can only have hypotheses, and the hy- how deadly the virus is — to change out- Yet many are acting as if the original tions that come with it or a second round of er talks about it. South Dakota, mean- potheses are vaguely hopeful.” comes. If, for instance, we engage in social models still hold. Since they are passing sheltering in place much sooner than any- while, now has 1,858 coronavirus cases. I share that view: As a purely medical distancing, which greatly lowers the their peak, they believe that it’s time to one expects. Neither is a good outcome. Georgia’s Republican governor, Brian matter, I’m not as pessimistic about the chance of exposure, a model will show that start talk about loosening restrictions. It would be better to wait. The ride down Kemp, is trying to drop as many con- impact on the developing world as some we can expect a very different course. That’s a big mistake. from the peak appears to take much longer straints as possible, even as the state’s list other commentators are. But I greatly The I.H.M.E took data on changes in In order to contain a future outbreak, a than the ride up. When the realities don’t of coronavirus victims ratcheted up to fear that the indirect impact will be devas- numbers of infected and dying from coun- city, state or country needs to be able to fit the models, it’s time to re-evaluate the 20,000, with 838 deaths. Kemp only tating. tries hit earlier than the United States, identify and isolate enough cases to pre- models’ usefulness. 0 started shelter-in-place earlier this month Polio eradication campaigns are being such as China and Italy, and used those to vent the “effective R” — the number of sec- — at which point he also confided that he’d suspended. The same is true of vitamin A predict the course of the disease. It as- ondary cases per infectious case — from AARON E. CARROLL, a professor of pediat- had no idea people who don’t look sick distribution, which saves children’s lives sumed that America would have a simi- getting above one. This means that every rics at Indiana University School of Medi- could still be spreading the virus. and prevents blindness. School feeding larly shaped experience (albeit with much infected person has to infect no more than cine and the Regenstrief Institute, the But that doesn’t mean he’s not quali- programs have often been shut down different numbers) and presented a range one other. Achieving that goal would keep author of “The Bad Food Bible: How and fied! Any more than Donald Trump does- along with schools. of possible outcomes. the numbers of cases showing up every Why to Eat Sinfully” and host of “Health- n’t deserve to teach cinematic history. In Bangladesh, where the economy has The models were all useful in planning day from increasing. care Triage” on YouTube, is a contribut- Thanks to Kemp, on Friday Georgia will been hard hit by the coronavirus, a sur- for worst-case scenarios. They were also Most of the models, though, assume an ing Opinion writer. become open for businesses like gyms, vey by a respected aid group, Brac, found tattoo parlors and bowling alleys. Even that household incomes have declined an Trump doesn’t think it’s a good idea. And average of 75 percent. Factory workers nobody can discuss this without asking saw incomes drop by 79 percent, drivers what convinced Kemp his state was in by 80 percent, city day laborers by 82 per- desperate need of access to tattoo artists. cent, maids by 68 percent and rickshaw A Limit on Trump’s Immigration Power Really, governors, think about this stuff. pullers by 78 percent. Four in 10 respond- You do not want to go down in history like ents had three days’ worth of food at lose out on vitally needed expertise just no more than a temporary quarantine on Ron DeSantis of Florida, who will be re- home or less. Jennifer M. Chacón when it is needed most. arriving immigrants who might be in- membered forever as the guy who de- Schools are closed in many countries, and Erwin Chemerinsky One would think that such a draconian fected — something that the Trump ad- cided professional wrestling was an es- and some students, especially girls, will measure would have a strong justification. ministration has already done for certain sential business that needed to be contin- probably never return to their studies. If nothing else, under the law, there has to arriving immigrants. ued during the shutdown. It’ll probably be When families are desperately short of PRESIDENT has broad powers be a legitimate basis for such an order. Based on the tweet and the subsequent in his obituary. money and food, they are less likely to pay over immigration under the Con- In upholding Mr. Trump’s travel ban in announcements, though, it seems that The other day at a press conference, De- school fees, particularly for girls. They stitution and federal laws, but Trump v. Hawaii, the Supreme Court economic, not health, concerns are driv- Santis did attempt to set a good example also cope by marrying off their daugh- A they are not unlimited. At the stressed that it was based on “D.H.S. and ing the president. His stated reason for by donning a face mask. Unfortunately, he ters, even young ones, so that another very least, there must be a reasonable ba- other agencies” conducting “a compre- ending immigration is to keep immigrants couldn’t figure out how to put it on. household has the responsibility of feed- sis for restrictions on immigration. None hensive evaluation” and “extensive find- from taking “the jobs of our GREAT Amer- This might be the right time to mention ing them. exists for President Trump’s threat to ings,” stating that Congress granted the ican Citizens.” that more than 4,000 Floridians have been Amartya Sen, a development econo- temporarily ban all immigrant visa admis- president broad power in the immigration But that does not justify keeping a child hospitalized with the coronavirus. And mist, has noted that the presence of dis- sions to the United States. law to exclude immigrants “detrimental to from getting a green card to be with a par- that even if the rate starts to drop, it’ll just come back again unless we really change ease kills, and so does the absence of As with earlier, problematic immigra- the United States.” The court found the ent. Nor is it a reason to keep out trained the way we’re handling the infections. livelihood. People in poor countries have tion policies, like the entry ban aimed at travel ban constitutional because it health care workers or other highly spe- seen their livelihoods shattered by lock- “The thing to focus on is whether people several predominantly Muslim countries, served national security. cialized workers who might lend a helping downs, by collapse of tourism and by an want to avoid a second wave,” said Dan- this proposal started out with a broad But the portion of the law Mr. Trump re- hand in the unfolding crisis. The majority end to remittances coming from relatives ielle Allen, lead author of a report by more promise by the president: a ban on all im- lied upon in that case has been used only of employment-based immigrant visas abroad. than 45 experts in health, science and eco- migration. when restrictions are tied to the actions of are designed specifically for highly edu- “Covid-19 is potentially catastrophic for That sweeping rhetoric has a cost. cated workers with unique, specialized nomics for Harvard’s Edmond J. Safra millions who are already hanging by a Among other things, it may discourage in- skills. Center for Ethics. thread,” said Arif Husain, chief economist ternational students from enrolling in Immigrants, in fact, have a long track Trump has said that he wants to let the of the World Food Program. “It is a ham- American universities this fall, and other- Freezing admissions to record of creating jobs for American work- governors make their own decisions “be- mer blow for millions more who can only wise signal “keep out” to visitors who ers through innovative business creation. cause from a constitutional standpoint, eat if they earn a wage.” would boost the economy. the U.S. won’t protect Banning immigration is far more likely to that’s the way it should be done.” That cer- tainly would have kept him off the playing The World Food Program warns that But beyond the rhetorical overkill, kill jobs than to create them. the pandemic could almost double the public health or save jobs. field, except for the part where he added, there are other problems with this ban. A week ago, Mr. Trump declared, number of people suffering from acute “If I disagreed, I would overrule a gover- The actual policy proposal is much less “When somebody is the president of the hunger. We know that when infants and nor, and I have that right to do it.” than what was promised by tweet, but United States, the authority is total.” That toddlers are malnourished, their brains foreign governments. That is not this case I hope that’s perfectly clear. At the same even in its whittled-down form, it is still this time. To read Mr. Trump’s power is simply not true in a country that is com- don’t grow well, and they may suffer life- mitted to constitutional checks and bal- time, if there’s one thing everybody’s get- long cognitive deficits. Decades from unlawful. broadly in this instance would be to evis- ting used to, it’s lower standards. A ban on the entry of people who have cerate many other aspects of Congress’s ances and the separation of powers. now, they and their countries will be held Even in an area like immigration, we “Good is now not terrible,” said Andrew back if we cannot address the hunger cri- been granted immigrant visas would not regulation of immigration. Cuomo. affect as many people as you might think. And, at the least, the court’s deferential must reject the idea that the chief execu- sis of 2020. tive can do whatever he wants for any rea- New York’s governor became a hero for Although there are usually more than 180 approach to presidential decisions con- (I know readers are asking: How can I son. lambasting Trump over his failure to give million entries into the United States ev- cerning immigration in Trump v. Hawaii help? I’ll offer some answers to that ques- This latest order will not improve the the floundering states much help. Lately, ery year, most of that traffic is by people demanded that the president’s actions be tion in my next column.) depressed employment market, so it is with an eye on federal aid, Cuomo’s been holding temporary visas. This policy reasonable. The latest proposed ban on At a time of great pain and economic pointless as a job protection measure. But far more conciliatory. The two got togeth- would affect only those immigrants who immigration does meet that test. stress in the rich world, this will be diffi- it will have a devastating effect on the er this week in Washington for a meeting have been authorized for permanent resi- It cannot be justified on public health cult. Yet aid is essential, in the form of families of banned immigrants. There described by both sides as “productive.” dency. That involves less than a million debt relief as well as direct assistance. grounds; indeed, the president’s tweet did must be a better reason than that the pres- After all, Cuomo said when he returned people. “Food is already scarce,” Kennedy not even mention public health as a basis ident thinks it will appeal to his political home, very few people go to the White Odede, C.E.O. of Shofco, a homegrown Yet the ban would cause enormous for the ban. This makes sense, because no base and help his re-election effort. 0 House and then “come out and say it was Kenyan anti-poverty group, told me. hardships for those who have been one has suggested that protecting public an unproductive visit.” “Many have lost their jobs — and our granted immigrant visas. Denial of green health necessitates an end to immigra- JENNIFER M. CHACÓN is professor of law at So — we’ll soon have a return to normal communities survive by hand-to-mouth. cards could keep parents and children and tion. Even during the height of the 1918 flu the University of California, Los Angeles, in a lot of states, whether the experts think There is no safety net or system. Yester- other family members from being togeth- pandemic, the United States safely al- Law School and ERWIN CHEMERINSKY is they’re ready or not. Then the next wave. day, a childhood friend told me, ‘I’d rather er. Critical industries — including the lowed more than 110,000 immigrants to dean and a professor at the University of Trump will keep doing what he does. Un- die from Covid than from hunger.’” 0 overwhelmed medical industry — will enter the country. Public health requires California, Berkeley, Law School. less they put him on a rowboat. 0 A24 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

“Difficult is a far cry from impossible.” – Maya Angelou

Who is going to solve the most difficult medical challenge of our lifetime? All of us, together. Thanks to our healthcare heroes and eight million New Yorkers. All determined to persevere, learn, and adapt. Encouraging one another. And never giving up. #HealthcareHeroes 3 TECHNOLOGY 7 VIRUS FALLOUT 11 SPORTS A global pandemic isn’t A thriving hub for oil Muffet McGraw, the stopping Facebook from industry jobs in the North outspoken women’s making a $5.7 billion bet in Sea off Scotland is suddenly basketball coach at Notre India on internet giant Jio. on the brink of collapse. Dame, calls it a career.

TECH ECONOMY MEDIA FINANCE THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 B1

N

Millions In Relief For Backer TAKES Of Resorts Big, public companies are securing funds intended for small businesses.

By Jeanna Smialek, Jim Tankersley BACK and Alan Rappeport Hotels and luxury resorts that funnel money back to a single company have secured about $40 million in small-business program funding, the latest evidence that large sums of money flowing from the government’s relief program are in some cases helping big busi- nesses. Ashford Inc., an asset manage- ment firm based in Dallas, makes money partly by advising two real estate investment trusts: Ashford Hospitality Trust and Braemar Hotels & Resorts, which together own more than 100 properties. Those companies reported in pub- lic filings that their hotel proper- ties had received millions in for- To meet virus threats, givable loans through a govern- ment program meant to help Amazon chief returns small businesses. The so-called Paycheck Protection Program ran to everyday oversight. out of its initial $349 billion on April 16, leaving many small com- panies with no assistance. CONTINUED ON PAGE B5

OSHA Cedes Worker Care To Employers

By NOAM SCHEIBER Adam Ryan, a Target employee in Christiansburg, Va., has felt un- safe at work in recent weeks. He finds it difficult to follow the rec- ommendation that he stay six feet away from others because the store is often crowded and customers linger closely while he restocks shelves. “People will get mad at me when I’m in the area and they want to grab something,” he said. “They just act like it’s business as usual.” Target has taken steps to ad- dress workers’ safety concerns, including providing masks, but Mr. Ryan feels that the company hasn’t gone far enough. There is little outside pressure on employers to address concerns like Mr. Ryan’s. That’s partly be- cause the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administra- tion, known as OSHA, has so far played a low-profile role in the co- ronavirus crisis. The agency, part of the Labor Department, announced last CONTINUED ON PAGE B6

Scammers Swarm to Steal Relief Money

KYLE JOHNSON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES By NATHANIEL POPPER Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s chief executive, in 2017. He has worked almost exclusively on long-term projects in recent years, leaving the day-to-day management of his companies to his deputies. The federal government’s stimu- lus checks were meant to help people exactly like Krystle Phelps of Owasso, Okla. By KAREN WEISE 56, has turned back to the here- ers last week. She and her husband, Christo- and-now problems facing Ama- Mr. Bezos’ daily oversight pher, who have two children, re- SEATTLE — At the end of February, ‘My list of cently lost their incomes after Ok- Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s chief execu- zon, the company said, as the gi- hasn’t led to perfectly smooth sail- ant retailer grapples with a surge ing. Amazon has struggled to re- worries right lahoma shut down the bars near tive, and his girlfriend, Lauren Tulsa that she cleaned and that he Sanchez, were in France dis- of demand, labor unrest and sup- spond quickly to the growing ply chain challenges brought on number of coronavirus cases in its now — like supplied with vending machines. cussing climate change with Pres- But when Ms. Phelps, 33, went to ident Emmanuel Macron at the by the coronavirus. work force, and it has been yours I’m sure He is holding daily calls to help slammed with orders from con- the I.R.S. website to check on the Élysée Palace and celebrating status of her family’s stimulus atop the Eiffel Tower with the de- make decisions about inventory sumers. — is long.’ and testing, as well as how and But Amazon is one of the few funds, she learned someone else signer Diane von Furstenberg. Jeff Bezos, in a rare had filed taxes on her husband’s Days later, paparazzi spotted the when — down to the minute — companies that have benefited fi- letter to Amazon behalf and used his identity to ob- couple grabbing dinner at Car- Amazon responds to public criti- nancially from the crisis. Because employees last month. tain their $3,400 payment. bone in New York. cism. He has talked to govern- of all the customer demand, “I cried all day,” said Ms. By late March, he had de- ment officials. And in April, for the shares of the company have hit Phelps, who is about a month camped to his ranch in West first time in years, he made a pub- record highs. That has made Mr. away from being unable to pay her Texas, focusing on Amazon as the licized visit to one of Amazon’s Bezos, the wealthiest man in the mortgage and has cut out every- coronavirus pandemic spread warehouses. world, $25 billion richer since thing but the basics, canceling ca- across the United States. “For now, my own time and early March. ble and eliminating snacks for the After years of working almost thinking continues to be focused Mr. Bezos’ change reflects how kids. “It is a little relief, and then exclusively on long-term projects on Covid-19 and how Amazon can completely different managing is you find out it isn’t happening.” and pushing day-to-day manage- help while we’re in the middle of during a crisis, said Bill George, a With the government doling out ment to his deputies, Mr. Bezos, it,” Mr. Bezos wrote to sharehold- CONTINUED ON PAGE B4 CONTINUED ON PAGE B6 B2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

The Digest

MEDIA “While we don’t know exactly when we will return to normal and Hopes on the Horizon Help Lift Markets Fox Announces Pay Cuts full operations across the com- For 700 Executives pany, we have decided to take sev- By The Associated Press eral new actions to ensure that we S&P 500 INDEX Stock rose on Wednesday, and the The S& P 500 Index Fox Corporation, the owner of Fox remain strong and are well-posi- S&P 500 recovered a chunk of this tioned when this crisis recedes,” +2.29% Position of the S& P 500 index at 1-minute intervals on Wednesday. News and the Fox television net- 2,799.31 week’s sharp losses as a bit of oxy- work, announced pay cuts to its he said. gen pumped through markets 2,820 Fox, which will report its earn- executive ranks that will affect around the world. ings for the first three months of Even oil gained ground, pulling 700 employees as it worked to mit- 2,800 the year on May 6, is expected to further away from zero after earli- igate the effects of the coro- see a 22 percent jump in revenue navirus outbreak. to $3.3 billion. But the company’s STOCKS & BONDS The Fox Corporation chief exec- advertising business has been 2,780 utive Lachlan Murdoch made the hurt after its broadcast division er getting turned upside-down announcement in a memo sent to lost key sports programming, in- amid a collapse in demand. Stocks 2,760 the company’s 7,700 workers on cluding Major League Baseball DOW JONES INDUSTRIALS rose from Seoul to Spain, and win- Wednesday. and NASCAR. EDMUND LEE ners outnumbered losers in New +1.99% York by more than two to one. 2,740 23,475.82 Treasury yields also pushed Previous close higher in a sign of a bit less pes- 2,736.56 2,720 TECHNOLOGY simism among investors. Zoom Upgrades App ”This has been a tremendously 10 a.m. Noon 2 p.m. 4 p.m. good reminder that the stock mar- Source: Reuters THE NEW YORK TIMES To Address Encryption ket is a forward predictor,” said Andrew Slimmon, senior portfolio Zoom said on Wednesday that it manager at Morgan Stanley In- least 9 percent. All three, though, been winners in the new stuck-at- was upgrading the encryption fea- vestment Management. are still down more than 60 per- home economy, meanwhile, are tures on its videoconferencing NASDAQ COMPOSITE INDEX Investors are still bracing for a cent for the year so far. also telling investors just how much they’ve been benefiting. app to better safeguard meeting +2.81% severe, painfully deep recession The price of a barrel of U.S. oil to data and offer protection against after businesses shut down world- be delivered in June jumped 19 With people hunkered inside 8,495.38 tampering. The new version of the wide in hopes of slowing the percent to settle at $13.78. It had and craving communication, Snap app, Zoom 5.0, will release within spread of the coronavirus. But zigzagged in the morning before said that the number of active us- the week, the company said. they had already sent U.S. stocks turning higher after President ers on Snapchat each day jumped 20 percent in the first three Zoom, which has soared to 200 JANIS LAIZANS/REUTERS down by roughly a third a month Trump threatened the destruction million daily users from 10 million ago on that expectation. Now, of any Iranian gunboats that har- months from a year ago. Its reve- in less than three months, had even as depressing economic and ass U.S. Navy ships, raising the nue topped Wall Street’s expecta- the platform. The company has re- tions, and Snap shares jumped faced backlash from users after health reports pile up, some in- possibility of a disruption to oil sponded with a 90-day plan to im- 36.7 percent. security researchers found bugs vestors are looking ahead to the supplies. prove the app and by appointing Netflix has also been a big win- in its codes and the company fail- prospect of parts of the economy The big gain, though, means it the former Facebook security ner as people look to fill their time, ing to disclose that its service was 10-YEAR TREASURY YIELD reopening as infections level off in has recovered just a fraction of its chief Alex Stamos as an adviser. with shares recently hitting a not end-to-end encrypted. some areas. steep losses. It was close to $30 at Zoom said it has also made sev- 0.63% record. It added nearly 16 million “Right now, it’s about the econ- the start of last week and nearly The app’s issues, including eral changes to its user interface, +0.05 points global subscribers in the first omy beginning to open, even at $60 at the beginning of the year. A “Zoombombing” incidents where including offering password pro- three months of the year, but the margins,” said Quincy Krosby, collapse in demand for energy uninvited guests crash meetings, tection and giving more controls shares slipped 2.9 percent after its combined with continued produc- led to several companies, schools to meeting hosts to check unruly chief market strategist at Pruden- profits did not quite live up to Wall tion in countries around the world and governments to stop using participants. REUTERS tial Financial. “We’re watching Street’s lofty expectations. means too much oil is sloshing Germany, the largest economy in Toilet paper has also been around, depressing its price. Europe, begin to open. What this hugely in demand, and the maker suggests is if things go well in Brent crude, the international of Cottonelle and Scott said its COMPANIES at least 177,000 people globally. these economies, we’re going to standard, climbed 5.4 percent to sales benefited in the first three Kimberly-Clark makes several see more states begin to open, and $20.37 per barrel. Toilet Paper and Tissues CRUDE OIL (U.S.) months of the year as customers pulp-based products, including perhaps open more broadly.” Other companies that have stocked up on them and Kleenex Lift Kimberly-Clark Cottonelle toilet paper, Kleenex fa- $13.78 The S&P 500 rose 62.75 points, been hurt by the coronavirus pan- tissue, among other items. Shares cial tissue and Kotex feminine hy- +$2.21 or 2.3 percent, to 2,799.31 and demic also rose after offering of Kimberly-Clark rose 2.4 per- Kimberly-Clark said on Wednes- giene products, a majority of trimmed its loss for the week to 2.6 some slight hints of hope. cent. day sales of tissue and toilet paper which were in high demand as percent. Chipotle Mexican Grill, for ex- In an increasingly common rose 13 percent in the first quarter consumers stocked up before the The Dow Jones industrial aver- ample, said that a key sales figure move, Kimberly-Clark also re- as consumers stocked up in coronavirus lockdowns. age climbed 456.94, or 2 percent, plunged 16 percent in March on tracted its financial forecasts for preparation for the coronavirus Volumes increased 14 percent to 23,475.82, and the Nasdaq com- widespread stay-at-home orders. 2020 given how uncertain the pandemic, helping the company in its consumer tissue segment posite picked up 232.15, or 2.8 per- But it hit a bottom during the week global economy is because of the beat Wall Street estimates for with sales of $1.7 billion, the com- cent, to 8,495.38. of March 29, down 35 percent, and Covid-19 outbreak. profit and sales. pany said. Sales in the personal Energy stocks jumped to some has since improved a bit. Declines The yield on the 10-year Treas- of the market’s biggest gains, rid- the past week were “in the high The company, however, sus- care business, that includes dia- GOLD (N.Y.) ury rose to 0.63 percent from 0.58 pended its forecast for the year, pers and feminine hygiene prod- ing the ripple of strengthening oil teens.” Its shares rose 12.1 per- percent Tuesday. But it remains citing uncertainties caused by the ucts, rose 6 percent to $2.4 billion. $1,728.70 prices. Halliburton, Apache and cent. well below the 1.90 percent level coronavirus crisis that has killed REUTERS +$50.50 Diamondback Energy all added at Stocks of companies that have where it started the year.

What Happened in Stock Markets Yesterday POWERED BY

S&P 5002799.31 2.3% Nasdaq Composite Index8495.382.8% Dow Jones industrials 23475.82 2.0%

10,000 + 5% + 5% + 5% 3,400 30,000 0% 0% 0% 3,200 9,000 28,000 – 5% – 5% – 5% 3,000 26,000 –10% –10% –10% 2,800 8,000 –15% –15% 24,000 –15% 2,600 –20% 7,000 –20% 22,000 –20% 2,400 20,000 2,200 6,000

Feb. March Apr. Feb. March Apr. Feb. March Apr.

TOTAL Best performers Worst performers Most active International bonds TOTAL RETURN VOLUME ASSETS S&P 500 COMPANIESCLOSE CHANGE S&P 500 COMPANIESCLOSE CHANGE S&P 500 COMPANIES CLOSE CHANGE IN MIL. 1 YR 5 YRS IN BIL.

1. Chipotle (CMG) $882.26 +12.2% 1. L Brands (LB) $10.19 –15.5% 1. United Arlns (UAL) $25.88 –7.2% $90.5 1. Vanguard Total Intl Bd Idx Admiral(VTABX) +5.3% +3.4% $49.2 2. Lam Research (LRCX) 271.78 +11.6 2. Biogen (BIIB) 298.01 –9.4 2. GE (GE) 6.43 –0.8 76.7 2. DFA Five-Year Global Fixed-Income I(DFGBX) +2.8 +2.0 13.9 3. Twitter (TWTR) 28.44 +10.5 3. Macy’s (M) 4.82 –7.7 3. American Airl (AAL) 10.27 –6.6 76.1 3. American Funds Capital World Bond A(CWBFX) +2.9 +1.8 5.4 4. Halliburton (HAL) 8.23 +10.3 4. United Arlns (UAL) 25.88 –7.2 4. Delta Air (DAL) 22.47 –2.7 70.1 4. DFA Two-Year Global Fixed-Income I(DFGFX) +2.4 +1.4 5.4 5. Apache (APA) 9.42 +9.9 5. American Airl (AAL) 10.27 –6.6 5. AMD (AMD) 55.92 +5.7 63.0 5. TCW Emerging Markets Income I(TGEIX) –12.6 +1.6 5.1 6. Pioneer Natl (PXD) 80.66 +9.8 6. Kohls (KSS) 15.39 –6.6 6. Ford Motor (F) 4.77 0.0 62.2 6. AB Global Bond Advisor(ANAYX) +2.8 +2.9 4.5 7. TechnipFMC (F TI) 8.26 +9.7 7. Macerich (MAC) 5.64 –6.3 7. AT&T (T) 29.47 –1.3 50.7 7. T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Bond(PREMX) –12.1 +1.1 3.5 8. Diamondback (FANG) 34.24 +9.0 8. Gap (GPS) 7.11 –6.0 8. BofAML (BAC) 21.80 +0.7 49.7 8. Fidelity New Markets Income(FNMIX) –10.3 +1.4 3.4 9. Hess (HES) 39.38 +8.3 9. Chubb Ltd CH (CB) 106.22 –5.5 9. L Brands (LB) 10.19 –15.5 49.4 9. BNY Mellon Global Fixed Income - I(SDGIX) +4.5 +2.1 2.5 10. Darden (DRI) 68.30 +7.9 10. Foot Locker (FL) 21.57 –5.2 10. Macy’s (M) 4.82 –7.7 45.0 10. Hartford World Bond I(HWDIX) +2.1 +2.2 2.0 Source: Morningstar

Sector performance How stock markets fared yesterday in Asia … … in Europe … and in the Americas. S&P 500 SECTORS +3.0 New York +2.3% +2.5 Information technology +3.9 % +2.0 Energy +3.6 London +2.3% Toronto +2.5% Utilities +3.0 +1.5

Communication services +2.4 +1.0 Materials +2.1 Frankfurt +1.6% +0.5 Consumer discretionary +2.0 Shanghai +0.6% 0.0 Real estate +1.9 Health care +1.6 –0.5 Tokyo –0.7% Industrials +1.1 –1.0 Major stock market indexes Financials +1.1 –1.5 Consumer staples +1.1 6 p.m. E.T. 8 10 12 a.m. 2 4 6 a.m. 8 10 12 p.m. 2 4 6 p.m. What Is Happening in Other Markets and the Economy

Bonds Currencies Consumer rates Commodities Economy

10-year Treas. Key rates 1 euro = $1.0825 Crude oil Unemployment Rate Consumer confidence 3% $1.3 6% $100 a barrel 130 5% Borrowing rate 120 2 1.2 30-year fixed mortgages 50 110 5 4 1 Fed Funds 2-year Treas. 1.1 100

0 1.0 4 0 3 90 ’19 ’20 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’18 ’19 ’20 ’12 ’14 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20

3 Yield curve $1 = 107.74 yen Corn New-home sales Industrial production 3% 120 $6 a bushel 800 thousand 1-YEAR AGO 2 270 2 110 4 700 Savings rate 260 1 1-year CDs 600 1 YESTERDAY 100 2 500 250

0 Maturity 90 0 0 400 240 36 25 10 30 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’18 ’19 ’20 ’10 ’15 ’20 ’12 ’14 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20 Months Years THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N B3

VIRUS FALLOUT

Virus Briefing Commercials Playing With Deepfakes Hint at Troubling Potential AIRLINES Delta and Others Seek By TIFFANY HSU To Bring Back Passengers Unable to film new commercials It could be years before airlines during the coronavirus pandemic, fully recover from the pandemic, advertising agencies are turning but some industry executives are to technologies that can seam- starting to ask what it will take to lessly alter old footage, some- bring passengers back. times putting viewers in a position Delta Air Lines, American Air- of doubting what they are seeing. lines, United Airlines and South- During Sunday’s episodes of west Airlines have already ag- “The Last Dance,” the ESPN doc- gressively advertised the precau- umentary series about Michael tions they are taking, from fog- Jordan and the Chicago Bulls, ging cabins with disinfectant to State Farm ran a commercial fea- restricting food service to block- turing expertly doctored footage ing out middle seats. of the longtime “SportsCenter” The chief executive of Delta, Ed anchor Kenny Mayne. Bastian, told financial analysts on In the ad, a much younger Mr. Wednesday that his company was Mayne is seated at the “Sports- prepared to “make whatever Center” desk in 1998. He reports changes to the business model on the Bulls’ sixth championship that will be necessary.” That could title — before taking a turn toward mean federally administered “im- the prophetic. munity passports” or spacing out “This is the kind of stuff that seats or running flights with fewer ESPN will eventually make a doc- passengers. umentary about,” Mr. Mayne But what works for some air- says. “They’ll call it something lines may not work for others. Mi- like ‘The Last Dance.’ They’ll chael O’Leary, the chief executive make it a 10-part series and re- of the low-cost carrier Ryanair, lease it in the year 2020. It’s going told The Financial Times on to be lit. You don’t even know what Wednesday that the airline would that means yet.” As a vintage not return to flying with middle State Farm logo appears in the seats empty. background, he adds, “And this clip will be used to promote the ESPN AUTOMOBILES documentary in a State Farm Volkswagen to Reopen commercial.” Restricted by the lockdown, ad agencies are turning to computer-generated content, as in a commercial that manipulated old footage of Kenny Mayne, left. Factory in Tennessee The producers made the com- Volkswagen said on Wednesday mercial by layering video of Mr. we’re going to explore.” generating technologies have be- show Prime Minister Sophie companions shoot him disapprov- that it has called employees back Mayne’s 60-year-old mouth onto Husani Oakley, the chief tech- come more refined and accessible, Wilmès of Belgium linking the co- ing looks. to work at its plant in Chatta- footage of his 38-year-old face. To nology officer of the ad firm people on video calls have super- ronavirus pandemic to climate The video, which has gotten nooga, Tenn., on May 3, making many viewers, the stunt provided Deutsch, said digitally altered ads imposed Elon Musk’s face over change. Ahead of the 2020 vote, more than 14 million views, ends a welcome moment of levity in de- should somehow clue viewers into their own as they chat. Facebook and Twitter have said with the Trump-Pence logo. It pressing times. Others were made the fact that what they are seeing While the blurring of the real they are closely monitoring ma- does not include Mr. Trump offer- uneasy by the smoothness of the is not completely real. and the fake can be amusing on nipulated videos. ing a statement approving the patch, describing it as a type of “The technology is here, and it’s Zoom or in the promotion of snack On Monday, President Trump commercial. The Trump cam- deepfake. only going to get better and better, promoted a digitally altered com- paign and Allstate did not reply to “We tried to make the joke clear and we have to get used to it,” he mercial promoting his candidacy requests for comment. enough so that we weren’t trick- added. “We’re exploring ways to on his Twitter account. The video The grafting of Mr. Obama’s ing anyone,” said Carrie Brzezin- ‘The technology is have fun with it.” relied on doctored footage taken head onto Mr. Haysbert’s body ski-Hsu, the head of ESPN Cre- The ad industry had started to here, and it’s only from an Allstate Insurance com- was too crude to fool viewers, but ativeWorks, which created the show interest in digital manipula- mercial featuring the company’s as the ESPN-State Farm ad made commercial with the ad agencies tion before the pandemic. In 2018, pitchman, the actor Dennis Hays- going to get better and clear, the tech is advanced enough Optimum Sports and Translation. the ad agency Wieden & Kennedy bert. to make many people doubt what Ms. Brzezinski-Hsu said manip- London collaborated with the art- better, and we have to In place of Mr. Haysbert’s head, they are seeing. ulated footage was likely to ap- ist Gillian Wearing on a deepfake there is the head of former Presi- pear in future ESPN ads. And ex- film featuring people whose facial get used to it.’ dent Barack Obama. He is seated Mr. Oakley, the chief technology ecutives at several major adver- features were blended with Ms. Husani Oakley, chief technology in a living room with a group of officer at Deutsch, said that social tising agencies said they had dis- Wearing’s. officer for Deutsch. men watching a TV commercial media platforms might need to cussed making similar This year, the ad firm Goodby for Joseph R. Biden, the presump- eventually develop algorithms to commercials with their clients in Silverstein & Partners worked on tive Democratic presidential nom- help viewers distinguish ads with recent weeks. an app that allowed users to ap- foods, it presents thorny ethical is- inee. The commercial-within-the- real humans from those that have TAMI CHAPPELL/REUTERS “We’re so restricted in how we pear to be doing the dance moves sues around consent and disinfor- commercial uses audio from a been digitally altered. can generate content,” said Kerry pulled off by Lil Nas X in a Doritos mation. Pornographic deepfake 2017 event during which Mr. Biden “We won’t be able to tell the dif- the company one of the first major Hill, the production director for commercial. Executives de- videos, with real-seeming political talked about having worked as a ference,” he said. “We’ll have to automakers to resume manufac- the ad agency FCB in North scribed the experience as turning figures and celebrities in central lifeguard at a swimming pool. “I rely on the machines to tell us that turing since much of the industry America. “Anything that can be “deepfake into dancefake.” roles, have circulated on Reddit. A loved kids jumping on my lap,” the the videos were made by ma- shut down because of the coro- computer generated is something As face-swapping and voice- recent doctored video appeared to candidate says, as Mr. Obama’s chines.” navirus pandemic. The company said it had spent several weeks putting in place health and safety measures to protect the 3,800 people who work ‘We will collaborate on at the plant, which makes the At- Facebook Invests $5.7 Billion las sport-utility vehicle. Volks- some. We will compete wagen stopped production at the In Indian Internet Giant Jio plant on March 21 after state and on many.’ local officials issued stay-at-home By MIKE ISAAC ment systems, while Facebook Ajit Mohan, Facebook’s managing orders. Gov. Bill Lee of Tennessee and VINDU GOEL has also invested in creating dig- director in India, on the company’s said on Monday that he would let relationship with Jio Platforms. SAN FRANCISCO — Facebook on ital storefronts for entrepreneurs his order for people to stay home Tuesday made its largest single to sell goods and services online. expire on April 30. investment by putting $5.7 billion “By bringing together JioMart, “After assessing the current sit- into Jio Platforms of India, an Jio’s small-business initiative, 25 percent of its energy business uation, we’ve decided to resume enormous bet on the developing with WhatsApp, we can enable to the Saudis. production under clear safety market and a sign of how large people to connect with busi- Mr. Ambani has also been the measures and with the health of tech companies are forging ahead nesses, shop and ultimately pur- most powerful corporate voice our employees as our highest pri- in the pandemic. chase products in a seamless mo- urging regulators to take an India- ority,” Tom du Plessis, the Volks- bile experience,” said a statement first approach that favors local wagen plant’s president and chief Jio Platforms is a subsidiary of Reliance Industries, one of India’s by David Fischer, Facebook’s companies and hobbles foreign executive, said in a statement. chief revenue officer, and Ajit Mo- firms like Facebook and Amazon. The company has paid workers biggest multinational companies han, Facebook’s managing direc- INDRANIL MUKHERJEE/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES He has argued that the vast three weeks of compensation and a major provider of cellular tor in India. Jio is India’s largest carrier by subscriptions, with nearly 400 million lines. amounts of data collected by such since the plant was idled, and and internet services in the coun- In a joint interview with a top firms should stay in India and be maintained health care benefits try. The investment, which re- quires approval from competition Reliance executive, Mr. Mohan controlled by Indians. and coverage of premium as well. an government over WhatsApp. Jio has ambitions to take on regulators, would give Facebook a said tens of millions of small busi- In the joint interview, Anshu- Volkswagen said production in The government has demanded Amazon in e-commerce, run data 9.99 percent stake in Jio Plat- nesses in India were already us- man Thakur, Jio’s strategy chief, Chattanooga would resume in centers, provide fiber internet to forms, Jio said. ing WhatsApp to communicate. that WhatsApp change its encryp- and Mr. Mohan said the compa- phases. At first, the plant will op- homes and businesses and set up Facebook said the move indi- “How do we help them access tion to trace messages back to nies had different perspectives on erate eight hours a day, five days a new services like tele-health and cated its commitment to India. customers and help people dis- their source, which WhatsApp has some issues but added that would week. The company said it would distance learning. More than 388 million people in cover products?” he said, adding refused to do. At the same time, not preclude them from working continue to follow the guidance is- But Mr. Ambani incurred enor- India have been connected to the that Jio offered a way to reach regulators have repeatedly together in other areas. sued by government and public mous debt to build the telecom internet over the past four years them. stalled WhatsApp’s request to of- “We will collaborate on some,” health officials. business. Those costs have been through Jio, Facebook said. Jio has been teaming up with fer a payments service to its Indi- Mr. Mohan said. “We will compete General Motors, Ford Motor subsidized by other parts of Reli- “The country is in the middle of other American tech companies an users. on many.” and Fiat Chrysler have not yet ance Industries, which is also In- a major digital transformation, such as Microsoft to offer an en- Jio was founded by Mukesh Facebook’s investment may called factory workers back, and dia’s largest retailer, its biggest and organizations like Jio have hanced suite of services to small Ambani, an industrialist who is In- help turn India’s battered telecom continue to negotiate with the producer of polyester and one of played a big part in getting hun- businesses. Its current offerings dia’s richest man. It transformed sector into a duopoly. A recent Su- United Automobile Workers un- its biggest energy companies. dreds of millions of Indian people include high-speed internet, cloud India’s technology scene when it preme Court decision ordering ion over safety measures. The money from Facebook will and small businesses online,” storage, payments and even prod- hit the market in 2016 by offering older carriers to pay billions of help Reliance reduce some of that FINANCE Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s ucts from its vast retail supply free calls and ultracheap 4G data dollars in back taxes has left the debt and invest further in its net- Europe’s Central Bank Lowers chief executive, said in a post to chain. to Indians who were previously industry in dire financial shape, work, which it needs to do after and one of the three major carri- Its Lending Standards his Facebook page announcing This is not Facebook’s first for- stuck with high prices and slower regulators delayed approval of a ers, Vodafone Idea, is teetering on the deal. “With communities ay into the Indian market. Several 3G connections from the existing The European Central Bank said high-profile $15 billion deal to sell the edge of insolvency. Wednesday that it would lower its around the world in lockdown, years ago, it tried to offer free in- carriers. lending standards to allow com- many of these entrepreneurs need ternet connectivity to Indian us- Since then, Jio has become In- mercial banks in the eurozone to digital tools they can rely on to ers in a program called Free Ba- dia’s largest carrier by number of find and communicate with IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE OF GUYANA post junk bonds as collateral for sics. But that initiative hit snag af- subscribers, with nearly 400 mil- COMMERCIAL JURISDICTION cheap loans, in an effort to prevent customers and grow their busi- ter snag until it was banned in the lion lines. It has helped drive In- nesses.” Proceedings commenced under section 217 of the Companies Act, Cap 89:01 a credit crunch. country in 2016. Regulators de- dia’s mobile internet costs to the 2020-HC-DEM-CIV-FDA-112 The extraordinary action by the Facebook is moving forward cided that companies could not of- lowest in the world, with virtually In the matter of ON ENERGY INC. company No. 5078 central bank was a reaction to with strategic investments at a fer free internet services that fa- unlimited data and calls costing -and- fears that hundreds of billions of fragile time in the global economy. vored some companies over oth- just a few dollars a month. The In the matter of the Companies Act, Cap. 89:01. euros in corporate bonds are on While many businesses have been ers. price war it began has also hob- ON ENERGY INC. the verge of being downgraded to hurt by the fallout from the coro- More recently, Facebook has bled India’s telecom companies, Applicant ON ENERGY INC. junk status, because the compa- navirus pandemic, large technol- been at loggerheads with the Indi- driving many out of business. nies that issued the debt may not ogy companies are positioned to NOTICE OF GENERAL MEETING TO CONSIDER REDUCTION OF ISSUED SHARE CAPITAL be able to repay it. benefit in the long run as more NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that pursuant to an order of court dated 28th February, 2020 made in the High Court of the people turn to their services while Supreme Court of Judicature of Guyana in the above matter AND pursuant to the resolution of the company in general The mass downgrades could NOTICE OF SECURED PARTY PUBLIC AUCTION OF 100% OF THE MEMBERSHIP INTERESTS IN meeting of the 22nd April, 2020, held pursuant to Division K of the Companies Act, Cap. 89:01, a general meeting of cause severe financial turmoil be- sheltering indoors. Companies 1248 ASSOCIATES MEZZ LLC members of the Company will be held on the 14th May, 2020 at the Herdmanston Lodge, of 19-20 Lamaha & Peter Rose cause, under the old rules, banks such as Apple, Alphabet and Face- NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that 12E48 MEZZ II LLC (“Secured Party”) will offer for sale at public auction the following property: Streets, Queenstown, Georgetown, Demerara, Guyana, commencing at 4:00 p.m. for the following purposes: that hold the debt could no longer book all have financial muscle to all right, title and interest of 1248 ASSOCIATES MEZZ II LLC in the membership interests of 1248 ASSOCIATES MEZZ LLC, as such SPECIAL RESOLUTION Collateral is described in that certain Junior Mezzanine Loan Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2019, by and between 1248 use it as collateral to borrow from ride out a difficult period. To consider and, if thought fit, approve the following resolution: Associates Mezz II LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as borrower (“Debtor”), and 12E48 Mezz II LLC, a Delaware limited the central bank. Facebook sees plenty of oppor- liability company, as lender (“Secured Party”) and that certain Junior Mezzanine Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of THAT the issued share capital of the Company be reduced from 211,920,000 to 148,110,000 by cancelling and extinguishing Eurozone banks can borrow as tunity with Jio. India is a large April 17, 2019, by and between Debtor and Secured Party, as such agreements may have been further amended or modified 63,810,000 of the issued ordinary shares of $1 each in the Company, each of which is fully paid up as registered to GGC much money as they want from market for Facebook; more than from time to time. Resources Inc. and a sum in the amount of the value of the shares as determined by a third party firm be deposited in an the European Central Bank, but 400 million people in the country It is the understanding and belief of the Secured Party, but without any warranty or representation by the Secured Party as to accuracy or account with a financial institution to be held by a trustee for GGC Resources Inc. must post collateral. Previously use WhatsApp, its global messag- completeness, that (a) the Collateral consists of 100% of the membership interests of the Debtor in 1248 ASSOCIATES MEZZ LLC and (b) 1248 THAT all consequent adjustments to the company’s capital accounts be effected. ASSOCIATES MEZZ LLC owns 100% of the membership interests in 1248 ASSOCIATES LLC, the owner and developer of the land and building known the central bank did not accept ing service, while more than 300 as 12 East 48th Street, Borough of Manhattan, County of New York, State of New York). BY ORDER OF THE BOARD. junk bonds, but said Wednesday it million people use the company’s The public auction will take place on May 1, 2020 starting at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time (New York) at the law offices of Paul Hastings Tarachandra Khelawan, Company Secretary. would allow the debt as collateral core social network. LLP,200 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10166. All interested prospective purchasers are invited to become Qualified Bidders. Only Qualified NOTES: Bidders and their duly appointed agents and representatives will be permitted to attend the public auction. The terms of sale may be obtained 1. A copy of the approved scheme and blank forms of proxy, may be obtained by attending at, or on written application as long as it was still rated invest- Facebook has historically not by contacting the person named below. ment grade on April 7. made as much money from each PAUL HASTINGS LLP to the Company Secretary at Lot 234 Lance Gibbs & Irving Streets, Queenstown, Georgetown, Guyana, before The central bank said in a state- user in Asia as it does elsewhere. Attorneys for Secured Party 4:00 p.m. Guyana time on 13th May, 2020. ment that an ample supply of col- But the company hinted that the Attn: Harvey A. Strickon, Esq. 2. Any member who has any questions concerning the action he is required to take should contact the company 200 Park Avenue secretary using the details set out below: lateral “is crucial for banks to pro- new partnership could change New York, NY 10166 vide funding to firms and house- that. WhatsApp has worked for Tel: (212) 318-6380 Lot 234 Lance Gibbs & Irving Streets, Queenstown, Georgetown, Guyana Fax: (212) 230-7689 Tel: +592 227-0529. holds during the current challeng- years to build tools for small busi- E-mail: [email protected] ing times.” nesses and has dabbled in pay- B4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

VIRUS FALLOUT

Sale of Victoria’s Secret Teeters as Buyer Faults Response to Virus By SAPNA MAHESHWARI has materially and incurably closing as low, though we expect The plan to sell Victoria’s Secret to breached.” that there could be a breakage fee a private equity investor appears Sycamore had been planning to paid by Sycamore to L Brands,” to be in trouble, with the buyer buy 55 percent of Victoria’s Secret Jamie Merriman, a retail analyst saying on Wednesday it wanted to for $525 million, and the transac- at Bernstein Research, wrote in a terminate the deal because of the tion was expected to close in the note on Wednesday. The dissolu- retail chain’s response to the coro- second quarter. L Brands would tion of the deal would mean that L navirus pandemic. then consist of Bath & Body Works Brands will have less cash on Sycamore Partners, which and remain a public company. hand, without the $525 million agreed to buy a majority of Vic- The transaction had larger im- payment from Sycamore, and re- toria’s Secret from its embattled plications for L Brands and its tain obligations including roughly owner, L Brands, in February, ar- chief executive, Leslie H. Wexner, $2.5 billion in lease obligations, gued its case in a Delaware court a retail magnate who turned Vic- she wrote. filing. The move sent the compa- toria’s Secret into a global lingerie Mr. Kaluzny and his firm have ny’s shares plummeting by about powerhouse before facing serious been snapping up distressed re- 20 percent before trading of the questions about his leadership stock was temporarily halted. based on the company’s internal L Brands, which also owns Bath culture and his relationship with Citing an obligation & Body Works, said in a statement the disgraced financier Jeffrey that it believed Sycamore’s at- Epstein. to essentially conduct tempt to terminate the acquisition The sale provided an exit for Mr. business as usual. was “invalid,” and that it planned Wexner, who had come under in- to “vigorously defend the lawsuit” tense criticism in the twilight of an and work toward closing the deal. otherwise storied career. Mr. Wex- tailers for years. Sycamore has The public health crisis, which ner, 82, was expected to step down bought Hot Topic, Talbots and Sta- has hit apparel chains especially as chief executive and chairman ples and acquired assets from hard, has forced nonessential re- upon the closing of the sale and re- bankrupt retailers like Coldwater tain a board seat at L Brands as Creek. tailers to close stores, cut corpo- DREW ANGERER/GETTY IMAGES chairman emeritus. Last month, In its filing, Sycamore criticized rate salaries and furlough em- Sycamore Partners agreed in February to buy 55 percent of Victoria’s Secret from embattled L Brands. ployees. Sycamore pointed to the company named a new chair- specific actions taken by L such actions as evidence that L woman, Sarah Nash, who was to Brands, including furloughing Brands had violated the terms of “Until closing, L Brands is re- was included in the filing. “Unfor- edge that the Covid-19 pandemic begin the role after the Victoria’s most Victoria’s Secret employees its agreement, including the obli- quired to operate the Victoria’s Se- tunately, L Brands has failed to do is an international tragedy and Secret sale. Ms. Nash is the chief and cutting the salaries of senior gation to essentially conduct busi- cret business in the ordinary this in a myriad of ways that have health emergency, we are equally executive of Novagard Solutions employees, as well as the compa- ness as usual and to refrain from course consistent with past prac- materially and irreparably dam- certain that it does not excuse the and was a longtime investment ny’s missed April rent payments changing “any cash management tice,” Stefan Kaluzny, the co- aged the Victoria’s Secret busi- performance of L Brands’ obliga- banker at JPMorgan Chase. for U.S. retail stores and its “stock policies, practices, principles or founder and chief of Sycamore, ness.” tions under the transaction agree- “At this point, we would assess of merchandise of greatly dimin- methodologies.” said in a letter to L Brands, which He added, “While we acknowl- ment — obligations that L Brands the likelihood of the transaction ished value.”

MARC PATRICK/BFA.COM Amazon’s chief executive, Jeff Bezos, and his girlfriend, Lauren Sanchez, right, with the designer Diane von Furstenberg in Paris in February. Bezos Is Taking Back The Wheel as Amazon Tackles Virus Threats FROM FIRST BUSINESS PAGE that luxury. At first, he publicly former chief executive of the med- went dark. No trips were docu- ical device company Medtronic mented on his Instagram account, who teaches leadership at Har- and on March 4, when Amazon vard Business School. told its headquarters employees MILES FORTUNE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES “That you analyze, plan, dele- to work from home, the email Amazon’s corporate headquarters in Seattle has been quiet since the coronavirus outbreak, with most employees working from home. gate, hold people accountable — came from a generic office safety all those good techniques kind of email account, signed by “Amazon go out the window,” Mr. George Human Resources.” accepting low-priority items into said. “The leader, no matter how The company’s board meeting, warehouses and to delay large the company, does need to scheduled in Seattle the next customer shipments of other take charge.” week, was held online, and Mr. Be- items that Amazon considered Before the pandemic, Mr. Bezos zos began talking regularly with low demand, according to three increasingly spent his time away his executives, focused on re- people briefed on the changes. from Amazon’s headquarters in sponding to Covid-19. Eventually, Mr. Bezos helped decide which Seattle. He traveled the world and he held the calls daily, including on features to remove from the Ama- devoted a day each week to Blue weekends. zon website to reduce customer Origin, his space exploration com- Mr. Bezos has been “incredibly demand, such as burying its popu- pany. focused on this and is participat- lar page promoting daily deals, At Amazon, Mr. Bezos typically ing in, and driving, our leadership one of the people said. He also ap- gave his priority to projects that proved delaying Prime Day, the addressed a major risk to the busi- company’s summer shopping ex- ness or where he felt he was Managing during a travaganza. uniquely qualified to get involved, Still, workers and lawmakers according to two people familiar crisis takes a special increasingly called for more pre- with his process, who like others set of skills. cautions at the warehouses. On interviewed for this article re- March 21, Mr. Bezos sent a rare quested anonymity because they letter to all of Amazon’s employ- weren’t authorized to discuss Am- meetings” for the response, Jay ees, which the company immedi- azon’s operations publicly. That Carney, the company’s senior vice ately posted on its blog. He said meant he was spending more time president for corporate affairs, the company had ordered millions on fun, futuristic bets. Before the said in a March 31 interview. of face masks for workers, though voice assistant Alexa was re- As the coronavirus gripped the few of those orders had been leased, he held several meetings a country, cases appeared among filled. week to track the product’s devel- workers in Amazon’s warehouses. “My list of worries right now — opment. He closely followed the By mid-March, Amazon’s vaunted like yours I’m sure — is long,” he cashierless Amazon Go stores. logistics operations were break- wrote. Focusing on the long term is ing; customers wanted more Waiting weeks to address his ELAINE CROMIE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES “pretty much all” he did, Mr. Be- products just as fewer warehouse employees was a mistake, partic- Mr. Bezos has been on daily calls with executives to discuss issues like safety concerns raised by warehouse workers. zos told Forbes in 2018, in one of workers showed up for their ular when Seattle had an early the few in-depth interview he has shifts, afraid to risk getting the vi- outbreak of the virus, Mr. George done about Amazon in recent rus or left to care for children said. whether we could somehow acti- The company would later an- The notes said the company years. “I very rarely get pulled whose schools had closed. “You need to be out there early, vate the Amazon supply chain to nounce plans to start building its should make him “the face of the into the today,” he said. Mr. Bezos and the other execu- every day, and talking to your peo- see if we could mobilize the pro- own small lab. “We are not sure entire union/organizing move- The coronavirus crisis changed tives soon approved plans to stop ple,” he said. “If the people are duction and distribution of those how far we will get in the relevant ment,” adding that he was “not smart, or articulate.” Amazon’s risking themselves, you need to assets, including the delivery lo- time frame, but we think it’s worth gistics,” Mr. Inslee said. trying,” Mr. Bezos told sharehold- general counsel, who wrote the be there with them.” Testing has animated Mr. Be- ers. meeting notes, later apologized. Amazon said the senior execu- zos, Mr. Carney said. He has joined the daily calls The publication of the notes tive who oversees operations had “How do we get to a point where from the new testing team, which prompted criticism from New communicated with employees tests are available on demand,” has procured tests and is close to York officials and several U.S. sen- earlier. Mr. Carney said about Mr. Bezos’ rolling out a pilot program to test ators. In late March, Mr. Bezos posted thinking, “where results are as employees, according to a person On April 8, when the virus had on Instagram a picture of him close to instant as possible?” That familiar with the effort. spread to more than 50 Amazon holding a video chat with Wash- would let Amazon and other em- Notes from the daily meeting, facilities, Mr. Bezos made a sur- ington’s governor, Jay Inslee, one Wearing Apparel Stores 3436 ployers identify and quickly “iso- which were first obtained and prise visit to a Whole Foods store of several officials he has talked late places where there are poten- published by Vice, also showed and an Amazon warehouse, both with. The photo gave a glimpse of ANTIMICROBIAL FACE MASKS tial outbreaks and then defeat that the warehouse crisis, and or- near Dallas, which the company Mr. Bezos’s puppy, which some- this,” Mr. Carney said. ganizing by workers to raise filmed. Afterward, he asked other 100% Cotton Face Masks with Xstatic times yaps during calls, and the Meeting notes from Mr. Bezos’ safety concerns, continued to be a executives why masks, which the lining. Resists microorganism growth. Made in the USA. $10.00 + shipping. Saltillo tile at his West Texas call with executives on April 1, risk to the company. While the company had finally obtained, GO.MTZ-TECH.com ranch. (Amazon said he had which were obtained by The New notes do not mention Mr. Bezos by weren’t being required, according worked from other places as well.) York Times, showed that they had name, they reported “general to a person involved in the re- Capital Wanted 3402 Stores Miscellaneous 3438 Mr. Inslee said in an interview discussed working with medical agreement” among the execu- sponse. FASCINATING ENERGY TANDEM. in late March that Mr. Bezos had organizations to focus on expand- tives about how Amazon should A few days later, Amazon told US patented sun and wind conversion & storage technology which generates NH General Store For Sale focused on the issue of vastly in- ing testing capacity for its work- handle an employee who the com- its warehouse workers that they CO2-free electric power 24/7, produces Upper Valley general store (business only). Owners relocating Many new creasing testing for the coro- ers and others “to help immunize pany said had been fired for had to wear masks. hydrogen and provides e-mobility. For appliances. Diamond in the rough wait- the U.S. market, a German R&D Com- ing for new team with business savvy. navirus in the state and country. pany is looking for a partner or $65,000. Ask for Rick 603-643-1655 from criticism that we’re selfish in breaking quarantine rules when licensee. [email protected]. “We were talking about using the tests for employees.” he protested its safety measures. Mike Baker contributed reporting. THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N B5

VIRUS FALLOUT

Rethinking the iPad in the Pandemic Era Long considered the ‘other’ device, the tablet makes a versatile companion while you’re stuck at home.

Brian X. Chen TECH FIX

In a flatlining economy, the $399 iPhone that Apple introduced last week might sound attractive. But there’s a better gadget deal in the pandemic: the iPad. Remember the iPad? You would be forgiven if you had forgotten. Apple unveiled a new entry-level model of the tablet computer last year for $329. Yet it barely got a mention at the company’s glitzy product event in September, when Apple highlighted new iPhones that cost $699 to $1,099. The iPad, which always seemed like an optional accessory sitting between your computer and smartphone, has long Apple’s $329 iPad becomes been treated as that “other” device. an excellent budget Now it’s time for us to reconsider the computer when attached to iPad. Last week, I wrote about how the a keyboard. With a long coronavirus had revealed our most battery life, it also excels at essential tech and weeded out the ex- videoconferencing and is cess. The tech we have turned to over great for streaming movies and over boils down to a computing and other video content. device, communication tools, entertain- ment and an internet connection. The iPad delivers on all of those needs even better than a smartphone. With a bigger screen than an iPhone, part in my motorcycle and even man- the iPad excels at videoconferencing aged to install a bidet for my toilet. The with apps like FaceTime and Zoom, and iPad has been a great video-playing it’s great for watching movies and companion through this journey. programs on Netflix and YouTube. When you attach it to a good keyboard, Above the Rest it becomes an excellent budget comput- So why the iPad and not another tablet er with a zippy internet connection for computer? After all, many of the same browsing the web, writing emails and tasks can be done on cheaper tablets, composing documents. All for half the like Amazon’s $50 Fire HD 8. price of a regular iPhone. Yet those other devices are generally “It’s really in that sweet spot of being much slower and have inferior screens. relatively affordable and having every- The iPad is ultimately the best tablet on thing I think most people will need,” PHOTOGRAPHS BY JIM WILSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES the market. said Nick Guy, a writer for Wirecutter, a There are just two caveats, both of New York Times publication that tests which add to the gadget’s price. The products. with the people we care about and work brother-in-law while we played a video laptop because the software is more first is that a keyboard drives its cost So even though Apple is releasing its with. game together. At the end of the ses- suitable for multitasking. But I can do a up an extra $100. The second is that I new iPhone SE this week, with its sped- Initially, I preferred doing video calls sion, the iPad still had more than 70 surprising amount of my job on the recommend more storage (128 giga- up internals and a better camera than on my office-provided laptop because percent of its battery remaining. tablet thanks in large part to finding the bytes instead of 32) to carry more apps its predecessor, now may not be the the screen angle could be adjusted. But right keyboard. and games, which adds another $100. ideal time to buy one. After all, what after about a week, I realized that video Getting Work Done That brings the total to $529. good is an improved camera if you can’t calls on a laptop were a lousy experi- After I started doing video calls on the Entertaining Ourselves Don’t let that put you off. The iPad is leave the house? ence. They are a power sucker; a half- iPad, many of my work tasks also be- I normally read lots of books, but lately still cheaper than most iPhone models It’s tough to recommend buying any hour call on Google Hangouts used 25 gan shifting over to the tablet, including I’ve been in the mood to shut off my and a better value than just so-so lap- tech in the coronavirus outbreak, actu- percent of my laptop battery. composing email, taking notes and brain by reading comics. The Comixol- tops from Lenovo, Dell and HP, which ally. But if your gadgets are failing to What’s more, security researchers even doing expenses. I appreciated the ogy and Comic Zeal apps on the iPad cost about $500. fulfill your needs in any of the afore- have found that Zoom, the most popu- device’s prolonged battery life and make digital comics a better experience Ryne Hager, an editor for the tech mentioned areas and you have the lar video chatting app, has major secu- preferred the way apps took up the full than reading in print: You can zoom in blog Android Police, said he bought an money to spend, an iPad is one of the rity vulnerabilities on computers but screen, which helped me concentrate on individual panels, plus the screen is iPad for his girlfriend last Christmas few products I can endorse for its prac- not on mobile devices like the iPad. on tasks. bright enough that you won’t need to and noticed that she was using it more ticality. (Apple declined to comment on That’s because mobile apps operate in a Not all credit goes to the iPad alone. turn on a reading lamp. frequently during the lockdown to video this column.) more restricted environment with The gadget has only a virtual keyboard, While I prefer watching video on a chat with her family. The device’s ease I picked up an iPad for a $100 dis- limited access to your data. and using it to type on a slab of glass is television screen, it has been nice to of use and value were so compelling count last Black Friday. Over the last This made me shift all my video calls no fun. have an iPad to stream an HBO show that he broke the Android Police site’s few weeks, it has been my go-to device. to the iPad, which was by far a better Fortunately, I had researched several while my wife is using the television to tradition of writing exclusively about Here’s why I’m naming it the gadget of experience. The iPad has much longer iPad keyboards before the pandemic watch “Love Is Blind.” Android products and wrote an article the pandemic. battery life than a laptop. Compared and settled on the $100 Logitech Slim I also now spend several hours a day about why people should buy an iPad with a smartphone, the tablet has a big Folio keyboard, which was simple to watching YouTube videos about every- for the pandemic. Staying in Touch screen for video calls and can easily be attach. Typing on it feels the same as thing from baking to D.I.Y. home im- “In a thousand little ways it offers a I’ve never been much of a video chat- propped up with a protective cover. using a normal keyboard, and its case provement. Thanks to this new obses- much better experience,” he said about terer, but the pandemic has forced just My wife and I recently used an iPad protects the tablet while propping it up. sion, I finally optimized homemade the Apple tablet. “It’s kind of invaluable about all of us to use videoconferencing for a two-hour FaceTime call with my I still do most of my writing on the pizza dough, learned how to install a right now.”

Big Luxury Hotel Company Secures $40 Million Intended for Small Businesses

FROM FIRST BUSINESS PAGE Congress is expected to add an- other $310 billion to the program, but there are growing concerns that the Treasury Department and the Small Business Adminis- tration have not done enough to prevent big companies from get- ting funds ahead of smaller, often independent businesses with no other financing options. Several other big, publicly traded companies have received forgivable loans, including J. Alex- ander’s, whose restaurants re- ceived $15 million; Ruth’s Hospi- tality Group, parent to Ruth’s Chris Steakhouse; and Shake Shack, which has since returned the loan. That has prompted an ALEX BRANDON/ASSOCIATED PRESS outcry from lawmakers and Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin warned of “severe consequences” for small-business owners, who say firms that abuse the aid program targeting small businesses for relief. this goes against the intent of the program. as loans suddenly decline in value. gram for companies with up to 500 Treasury Secretary Steven The optics of giving money to a employees, called 7(a) loans. Mnuchin said his department big company may be bad, econo- As they negotiated a final would be issuing new guidelines mists say, but doing so will help agreement, Senator Marco Rubio, on Wednesday that would tighten more workers keep their jobs. Republican of Florida and the the rules for which types of com- KEVIN C. COX/GETTY IMAGES “The biggest problem with the chairman of the small-business panies could get forgivable loans, A large chunk of the $29 million in aid Ashford Hospitality received went to the Ritz Carlton Atlanta, above. P.P.P. is not that it was generous, committee, and several of his col- potentially restricting publicly it’s that Congress gave it too little leagues from both parties, includ- trade companies from accessing money,” said Ernie Tedeschi, an ing Senator Chuck Schumer of the relief funds. across its subsidiary properties as the small-business loans could check protection loans, including economist at Evercore ISI who New York, the Democratic leader, Mr. Mnuchin, who said this of its April 15 financial filing, and help to offset that problem. the Hampton Inn Pittsburgh Wa- has tracked the program’s spend- agreed to expand the eligibility re- week that the program was not in- was hoping for $15.8 million in to- The loans will also help hotel terfront and the Courtyard Wich- ing. “That made the rivalry for quirements for the program for tended to aid big companies that tal. Both of the trusts received workers continue to draw pay- ita in Kansas. those scarce funds intense, and so some hospitality establishments. have access to capital, urged firms their loans through Key Bank. checks even as occupancy rates “High leverage in this kind of in the end, it’s little surprise that Restaurant and hotel groups that received loans to return the “We are grateful for the crisis plummet. And they could serve as environment — that’s the kind of large, well-connected companies qualified if their individual loca- money if they did not meet the eli- assistance made available by Con- a lifeline for the REITs and their situation that can bring compa- were able to beat out small busi- tions each had fewer than 500 gibility requirements. If they did gress for our industry, and will use subsidiaries. nies down,” Jeffrey Langbaum, nesses in many cases.” workers — even if their total pay- not, he said, the loan would not be every dollar possible to bring our Ashford Hospitality Trust, senior REIT analyst at Bloomberg That is particularly true for the rolls exceed that number. That al- forgiven and those firms could employees back to work,” Mont- whose subsidiaries are getting the Intelligence, said about the indus- hospitality industry, which has lowed more employers to gain ac- face “severe consequences.” gomery Bennett, founder and most in loans, had already run into try. “The entire lodging space is been among the hardest hit by the cess to the loans, a move that had “If they pay the money back chairman of Ashford Inc., said in trouble amid the coronavirus cri- just getting hammered, as you’d virus. been pushed by lobbyists for hotel quickly, there will be no liability to an emailed comment. sis. Its stock had lost about 74 per- expect.” “To have their loans waived un- and restaurant associations. Treasury and the S.B.A.,” he said. Mr. Bennett has been publicly cent of its value since the start of Even amid its 2019 troubles, der the program, businesses need The program had done “pretty “If they don’t, they could be sub- bemoaning the government’s co- February, and closed Tuesday at Ashford Trust paid an Ashford to maintain their staffing levels,” darn well” at reaching small busi- ject to investigation.” ronavirus response in recent $0.63 per share. As recently as last Inc. subsidiary tens of millions in said Steven Hamilton, an econo- nesses, the chairman of the Na- Ashford Hospitality’s affiliated weeks, telling CBS News that he May, it was valued at $5.60. advisory fees, based on its annual mist at George Washington Uni- tional Economic Council, Larry hotels received $29 million of the had cut 95 percent of his staff and The two trusts are especially filing. versity who was an early support- Kudlow, said on CNBC on Wednes- $31.1 million they had requested worried the aid would be insuffi- poorly placed for the upheaval Other publicly traded REITs er of congressional assistance to day when asked about loans going as of mid-April, according to its fi- cient. caused by coronavirus because managed to tap the Payroll Pro- small business amid the crisis. “So to larger businesses. nancial filing. The biggest chunk The two real estate investment both are heavily indebted com- tection Program. Lodging Fund if these businesses are in financial “I know there have been contro- of money went to the Ritz Carlton trusts own hotel properties that pared to their peers, based on REIT III acquired $286,100 in distress, which is surely the case versial cases,” Mr. Kudlow said. Atlanta and a Sheraton in Anchor- they pay management companies metrics compiled by Bloomberg. loans for its subsidiaries through for the hotel industry, the upside is “Programs like this, gigantic pro- age, Ala., In all, 42 properties from to operate. If quarantines and In its recent annual filing, Ash- Western State Bank. that their workers will keep their grams like this put together Manhattan Beach, Calif., to Plano, travel shutdowns keep guests ford Hospitality Trust noted that it REITs, as an industry have jobs.” quickly will always have glitches. Tex., were listed as recipients of away, it could leave the REITs had more debt on one portfolio of been looking for more help. Thom- The bipartisan group of law- But really, in the main, I think the aid. without much income, which they its hotels than the businesses as Barrack, a prominent investor makers that drafted the P.P.P. ini- process worked very, very well.” Braemar Hotels & Resorts had need to service their debt. By were worth. Those properties in- and ally of President Trump’s, has tially modeled it on a Small Busi- already secured $10.6 million helping hotels keep up with costs, clude several that received pay- warned of a catastrophic collapse ness Administration loan pro- Peter Eavis contributed reporting. B6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

VIRUS FALLOUT

Unemployment benefits have also been prey for scammers. Scammers Swarm To Help Themselves To U.S. Relief Money FROM FIRST BUSINESS PAGE ten four times as many complaints trillions of dollars to blunt the eco- about identity fraud in the first nomic pain of the coronavirus few weeks of April as it had re- pandemic, these are good times ceived in the previous three for thieves and dangerous times months combined. And law en- for those who actually need the forcement agencies have issued PHOTOGRAPHS BY SEPTEMBER DAWN BOTTOMS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES money. warnings about the daunting ar- Krystle and Christopher Phelps learned someone else had filed taxes on her husband’s behalf and taken their $3,400 I.R.S. payment. “I’ve been in this space for over ray of ways that criminals are ex- 30 years and I have not seen any- ploiting the coronavirus. thing like this in my entire career,” Even before the outbreak, ple have filed for unemployment dark web intelligence at Expe- berScout, a firm that helps compa- Cortlyn Taylor, 19, who lives in said Eva Velasquez, the chief ex- losses from identity theft were benefits. rian. nies protect against and manage Fishers, Ind., has also been trying ecutive of the Identity Theft Re- enormous. Criminals made Stimulus funds are separately The I.R.S. did not respond to re- identity theft. to get help after she was laid off source Center, a nonprofit based around $16.9 billion from identity expected to go out to around 150 quest for comment. Unlike many previous victims from her job at Walmart last month. When she applied for un- in San Diego that helps victims. fraud last year, the highest total in million people. While the Treas- On forums on the darknet, of identity theft who were often hit employment benefits, she learned “The scope, the scale, the speed the last half decade, according to ury Department electronically de- where criminals gather to buy and at random, those being targeted now are in particular need of the an identity thief had beaten her to and the efficiency of the scams is the data firm Javelin. posited the money for around 80 sell identity information and dis- breathtaking.” cuss tactics, fraudsters have money. it. On the I.R.S. site, she found that Many people’s personal infor- million people who have bank ac- In recent weeks, criminals have openly discussed the opportuni- Colin Chaplain, 21, in East the same person had grabbed her mation is readily accessible to counts on file with the govern- used people’s Social Security ties presented by the stimulus Bridgewater, Mass., found out he $1,200 stimulus check, which she hackers, amassed from dozens of ment, the I.R.S. created an online numbers, home addresses and funds and unemployment bene- had lost his unemployment bene- needed to pay her mounting bills. data breaches over the past few portal for the 70 million or so other other personal information — fits. fits to a scammer the day after he For the past few weeks, Ms. years. Last month, Experian, the recipients who did not have that much of which was available on- “Just a little warning that when was put on indefinite leave from Taylor has been trying to get a re- credit reporting agency, found a information on file. line from past data breaches — to that $1,200 drops in your account his construction job this month. sponse from the I.R.S. After not fresh batch of stolen data for three The portal allows people to en- assume their identities and bilk ter a new bank account address keep your eyes peeled because I He made the discovery when he hearing back, she spent 10 hours them out of their stimulus checks million people, containing all the am coming for that! lol,” said one logged in to the state website to one day driving to all three I.R.S. and unemployment benefits. As a pieces of personal information message on a thread this month create a new profile and claim un- offices in Indiana, where she still result, calls to Ms. Velasquez’s or- that a scammer would need to file ‘This is El Dorado for about the stimulus checks that employment. could not find anyone to help. ganization were 850 percent for their stimulus checks. was found by the security firm To his surprise, when he en- Ms. Taylor lives with her higher in March than a year earli- The coronavirus has made it hackers and pure hell Sixgill. tered his Social Security number, mother, 56, who doesn’t work and er, she said, and are still soaring. even easier for fraudsters to get Over the last month, 4,305 ma- the site responded, “Welcome has been recovering from the co- The scale of the fraud has been more information. Many are bom- for the victims.’ licious website domains were set back.” It also showed the last two ronavirus. On Tuesday, Ms. Taylor enormous, fueled by the economic barding Americans with emails up to take advantage of people letters of the street name of the said they were down to $4 in her crisis and the confusion surround- and phone calls that use the un- person who had already claimed checking account. for the government to send them looking for new forms of govern- ing the $2 trillion stabilization certainty around the virus to dis- ment support, according to the se- his check, he said. She said the local police had told their money. But it requires only a plan that President Trump un- tribute malware and get people to curity firm Check Point. The fake Mr. Chaplain has since waited her that they were hearing from few pieces of data for verification: veiled last month. That has been divulge their bank information sites, with names like whereis- more than 10 days for a police re- lots of other people in the same sit- compounded by the government’s and other data, which can then be a Social Security number, an ad- mystimulus and 2020reliefpro- port, which he needs to start the uation. But with all of the backlogs own lack of security measures for used to defraud the same people. dress, a phone number and a date gram, generally ask people to in- process of correcting things with and closed offices, she was told, people claiming stimulus pay- Google said it intercepted 18 mil- of birth. put their personal data with the the unemployment office. He said the glacial speed at which identity ments, with those going through lion such emails last week. Security experts said that the promise that they can get infor- he’d had trouble getting through. theft cases are normally resolved the I.R.S. website to get their Now criminals are deploying I.R.S. had opened up the door to mation about their checks. But “I just let it ring, and two hours was likely to be even slower. checks needing to input just a few those troves of information to get fraud by requiring so little data to hackers then use the data against go by and nothing,” Mr. Chaplain “I kind of have to pause every- pieces of information that scam- their hands on the checks that the claim the money. “The stimulus those who fall for the trick. said, adding that he had only thing,” she said. “I can’t get a car mers can readily obtain. federal government is sending to site is a little bit like ringing the “This is El Dorado for hackers enough savings to get him in my name like I planned. I’m not The Federal Trade Commission needy Americans. Over the last dinner bell for hackers,” said Bri- and pure hell for the victims,” said through the next few weeks. “I going to be able to do a lot of things recently reported that it had got- month, more than 22 million peo- an Stack, the vice president for Adam Levin, the founder of Cy- don’t know what else to do.” that I planned to do.”

OSHA Is Leaving It to Employers to Protect Workers From the Coronavirus FROM FIRST BUSINESS PAGE of customers allowed inside the fa- chamber’s health and labor com- week that there would be few in- cility” and to “consider providing mittee, complained about the lack spections of workplaces aside alcohol-based hand sanitizers.” of a standard. from those in high-risk activities The guidance list also neglects “In one grocery store, they are like health care and emergency some key industries, like meat- limiting the number of people go- response. Instead, it called on em- packing, that OSHA sometimes ing in, they’ve got plastic up as ployers to investigate coro- struggled to regulate even before protection for workers,” she said. navirus-related issues on their the crisis. “In another one, they’re jammed own, even in hot spots such as the That has left a vacuum of in the aisles.” food supply chain. oversight in workplaces where Ms. Murray said she and other “I wish they were more in- the virus is taking a toll, former Democratic senators had sought volved,” John Henshaw, who led OSHA officials said. language requiring an OSHA the agency during the George W. Numerous retail workers have emergency standard in coro- Bush administration, said of OS- died of Covid-19, including em- navirus legislation last month but HA’s role. “Certainly meatpacking ployees at a Trader Joe’s in New could not overcome Republican — I don’t understand why they York State, a Walmart near Chi- opposition. wouldn’t emphasize it.” cago and a Whole Foods in Massa- One difficulty in issuing a work- At the same time, OSHA has chusetts, though it is unclear place standard is the cumbersome provided few of the incentives, where they were exposed to the federal rule-making process built like new workplace rules dealing virus. Hundreds of workers at a up over decades. specifically with infectious dis- meatpacking plant in South Dako- But Ann Rosenthal, who re- ease, that typically prompt em- ta have been infected, and at least cently retired as the Labor De- ployers to address hazards. one has died. partment’s top OSHA lawyer after Last week, in guidelines for A worker at a poultry process- “Opening Up America Again,” the ing plant in Delaware who asked White House listed “Protect the not to be identified for fear of re- The agency says it health and safety of workers in taliation said it was typically im- won’t enforce critical industries” as a core re- possible for him to maintain six sponsibility of the states, even JULIA RENDLEMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES feet between himself and other record-keeping of though this is one of OSHA’s key Adam Ryan, a Target employee in Virginia, says he feels unsafe because it is hard to stay six feet from customers. workers. His job is to pick fallen missions. poultry parts from the floor, clean Covid cases. “Most states have NO ability to in Virginia, has not filed a com- The government relies on such struct employers across a variety them and place them back on the do this,” David Michaels, who led plaint with OSHA about his con- reporting in several ways, like de- of industries to put safety proto- line, a task requiring him to circu- serving administrations of both the agency during the Obama ad- cerns. Target cited a policy of lim- ciding which industries and work- cols into effect and raise the late between two parallel lines of parties, said Congress could sus- ministration, wrote in an email. iting the number of shoppers places to inspect in the future. prospect of fines for failing to do workers that can be less than six pend the typical rule-making Dr. Michaels said in an inter- when necessary. It said that it in- Record-keeping also allows em- so. feet apart. process for OSHA to expedite a view that OSHA might under- vited workers to raise concerns ployers to figure out where their Such standards can govern The worker said that the plant new standard on infectious dis- standably focus inspections on and had a process in place for ad- problems are and how to address physical setups, like whether to had erected barriers between eases. certain high-risk industries dur- dressing them, but that workers them, making it particularly im- install barriers between worksta- workers on some of its lines, but In the meantime, experts said, ing a crisis that is straining its re- had not typically complained portant when the agency is direct- tions; workplace rules, like re- that the hallways were typically the agency could take other steps. sources. But he said this made it about the difficulty of social dis- ing most employers to investigate strictions on the number of crowded during shift changes. Mr. Henshaw, the OSHA leader even more important for the tancing at that location. coronavirus outbreaks on their customers inside a store; and the Workers at grocery stores de- under Mr. Bush, said he was sym- agency to tell employers how to Some workplace-safety experts own, experts said. use of protective equipment. A scribed varying approaches to pathetic to the idea of relaxing keep workers safe and clarify expressed concern that OSHA “First and foremost, they’re standard could even require protective equipment, spacing record-keeping requirements but their responsibilities for doing so. had largely exempted Covid-19 supposed to record so they them- stores to temporarily bar and foot traffic. Marian Meszaros, would like to see more specific Instead, “they’re doing the op- cases from a general requirement selves have the information nec- customers and switch to pickup who works in the meat depart- guidance on how employers could posite,” he said. “It’s really dis- that employers determine essary to determine where there and delivery only, though such a ment of a Best Market on Long Is- minimize infections — in essence, heartening.” whether a worker became seri- are problems and when to do move would probably invite litiga- land, said that her store tried to “We’ll give you a break here, but A Labor Department spokes- ously ill on the job, and that they something about them,” said Jor- tion. limit the number of shoppers, but you have to do this.” He acknowl- woman said that notwithstanding report such cases to the agency dan Barab, a top OSHA appointee The Labor Department spokes- that it felt no less crowded than it edged, however, that guidance the new enforcement approach, and keep records of them. during the Obama administration. woman said, “OSHA’s current did before the pandemic. was not mandatory. “if OSHA were to find flagrant vio- In guidance issued on April 10, The Labor Department said in a guidances, standards and regula- “The customers are still on top Ms. Rosenthal said OSHA could lations of the law, the agency the agency said it would not en- statement that the pause in en- tions fully outline the rights and of us,” Ms. Meszaros said. “They issue guidance interpreting exist- would use all enforcement tools force the record-keeping require- forcing its record-keeping re- protections of workers from dan- all huddle around the meat case.” ing standards governing sanita- available.” The spokeswoman ment for Covid cases until further quirement was to “help employers gers such as the coronavirus.” She A Best Market spokesman said tion and protective equipment for said that OSHA had received notice, except when the employer focus their response efforts on im- pointed to guidance that the that “store management actively the coronavirus era, which could about 2,400 coronavirus-related could obtain clear evidence that plementing good hygiene prac- agency recently published for monitors crowd levels throughout effectively require more frequent complaints by Tuesday and that it the infection was work related, a tices in their workplaces and oth- several industries, including re- the day and limits customers at breaks for hand-washing, as well had resolved about 1,400. She said substantially higher bar than be- erwise mitigating Covid-19’s ef- tail, airlines and waste manage- busy times,” and that it had placed as enough soap and water. that the agency had yet to issue a fore. Only employers in health fects.” ment. stickers, markers and signs Through the agency’s combina- citation to an employer but that it care, emergency response or pris- Former OSHA officials also But such guidance tends to be throughout the store to encourage tion of policy rollbacks and inac- had six months to complete its in- ons must apply the standard note that the agency has not is- highly discretionary — for exam- social distancing. tion, she said, “they’re sending vestigations. record-keeping procedure in sued a so-called emergency tem- ple, telling retail employers to Senator Patty Murray of Wash- signals to employers that they Mr. Ryan, the Target employee Covid cases. porary standard that would in- “consider restricting the number ington, the top Democrat on the don’t have to do anything.” THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N B7

VIRUS FALLOUT | UTILITIES

Fears Pandemic May Cause Collapse Of North Sea Oil By STANLEY REED The crash in prices is likely to For decades, the oil rigs rising out have wide-reaching implications of the North Sea off Scotland pro- for tax revenue, employment and vided Britain with hundreds of the prosperity of oil-dependent thousands of jobs in a thriving in- cities like Aberdeen. Since the dustry and billions in tax revenue. 1960s, the former fishing port, Much of that now seems a mem- with distinctive granite buildings ory. The collapse in oil prices from ringing a busy harbor, has thrived the coronavirus pandemic, cou- as an oil hub. pled with infections aboard the The city, with a population of drilling rigs, are imperiling the about 200,000, and its surround- vast industry that sprawls across ing region outpaces both Scotland and Britain overall in metrics like the waters off Scotland and Nor- economic output per capita and way. employment. Oil companies are shelving in- Now local leaders say the oil in- vestments worth billions of dol- dustry’s second steep downturn in lars. Staffing on the rigs has been six years may accelerate changes cut, partly to reduce costs but also already underway. Some workers to provide some degree of social are relocating to offshore oil distancing on the often crowded projects in places like Brazil or platforms, putting those jobs at Angola, where their skills are risk. At least two offshore workers valuable in newer fields. Others have tested positive for coro- are turning to cleaner energy, like navirus. offshore wind and hydrogen. “We have gone through com- “Everyone accepts there will be modity swings and cycles of that a big impact,” said Barney Crock- nature, but this one is different,” ett, a Labour Party politician who PHOTOGRAPHS BY GREGOR SCHMATZ FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES said Jim House, chief executive of serves as lord provost, or mayor, Neptune Energy, a private equity- of Aberdeen. “We will definitely backed oil and gas firm with pro- see a bigger emphasis on nonfos- duction in both British and Nor- sil energy. “ wegian waters. “We have never British waters are still produc- seen a world completely shut tive, generating 1.7 million barrels down.” a day — three-quarters of Brit- More important, though, may ain’s oil consumption and half of be the impact on the future of the its natural gas needs. But veter- North Sea oil and gas industry. Its ans of the North Sea oil industry health depends on finding new un- now say that the world that dersea fields and bringing them emerges after the lockdowns may into production, but if prices re- be different — less reliant on driv- main low, as some analysts think ing, flying and other habits that likely, that won’t happen. stoke the need for oil. The price of Brent crude, “Demand will come back, but it named for a North Sea oil field, won’t come back fast,” said Mike has fallen by about 70 percent this Tholen, director of sustainability year to just over $20 a barrel. An- at Oil and Gas UK, which repre- other type of crude, West Texas in- sents the North Sea industry. “We termediate, shocked the industry may be in an era of having seen when it fell into a negative price peak oil demand,” he added. earlier this week. Analysts say that governments will likely continue to promote measures to tackle climate The crash in oil prices is likely to change by cutting carbon-dioxide have implications for cities like 270,000 emissions, which means reduced Aberdeen, Scotland. Sir Ian Jobs supported by North Sea oil, demand for oil. Wood, far left, helped create the down 60 percent since 2013. “Crises tend to bring forward industry but is now looking trends that were already in place,” beyond oil. Innes Auchterlonie, said Martijn Rats, an oil analyst at “There are a lot of undeveloped above, worries about what may Morgan Stanley, an investment lie ahead for Imrandd, his fields in the North Sea, “ said Alex- bank. oil-data company. ander Kemp, a professor of petro- Already, oil companies are de- leum economics at the University laying projects that represent the of Aberdeen. At the very low region’s future. Siccar Point, a last year. Analysts say the indus- prices seen this year, he said, “a lot drilling company backed by try, facing steep financial losses, of them won’t be viable.” Blackstone, the giant fund man- may not pay any taxes on produc- If so, the vast network of busi- ager, and Royal Dutch Shell, Eu- tion this year. nesses that depend on the indus- rope’s largest oil company, re- Most British oil and gas fields try, from drillers and undersea cently delayed what was antici- are in what would likely be Scot- pipe layers to providers of off- pated to be the British North Sea’s tish waters if the independence shore living quarters known as premier project this year: the esti- movement there succeeds. Scot- floatels, could atrophy. mated $3 billion first phase of a tish nationalists once argued that “A longer term concern is per- field called Cambo. gaining control of the tax reve- haps jobs will be deemed not nec- “It makes sense to hold off final nues would be a boon from inde- essary,” said Dave Stewart, a sen- approval until some normality re- pendence, but that argument is ior executive at Wood, an Aber- turns to the market,” said Siccar’s dead now. deen-based energy services com- chief executive, Jonathan Roger, Sir Ian Wood, who helped estab- pany that employs more than in a statement. Analysts at Rystad lish the North Sea as a vital source 10,000 people in Britain. “At $30 Energy, a consultancy, had esti- of oil, has been trying for several oil, you are not going to see a lot of mated that the project would re- years to prepare the region for the investment.” quire around 1,000 engineers and inevitable decline of the industry Innes Auchterlonie, co-founder technicians. he helped create. and managing director of Im- Projects are being postponed In the late 1960s, as drilling be- randd, which crunches data to not just for economic reasons but maintain the recommended so- 2014, Britain’s North Sea opera- Boroujerdi said. gan in the region, Mr. Wood, who help streamline maintenance on because of worries about safety, cial-distancing rules. tors slashed costs and profits rose, Operators in Norwegian waters worked for a family ship repair offshore platforms, said he is far- analysts say. Oil workers “are very con- but investment is about a quarter within easy reach of Aberdeen are business, started to service oil ing well in the most turbulent con- Offshore platforms are a focus cerned about being offshore,” said of 2014 levels. The number of jobs also slashing costs, but Mr. Borou- equipment. He built the company ditions that the oil industry has of unease amid the coronavirus John Boland, a Scotland regional supported by the oil industry — jerdi said that Norway had more now called Wood into a global en- seen in decades. Still, two of his pandemic. Workers are flown out officer of the Unite union, which about 270,000 — is just 60 percent oil and gas left in its fields than ergy contractor and became one contracts for work in the North by helicopter and spend two- to represents industry employees. of what it was in 2013. Britain. The handful of companies of Scotland’s richest residents. Sea were recently canceled, and three-week shifts on the rigs, On April 2, a worker who be- Neivan Boroujerdi, an analyst that dominate in this area, led by Mr. Wood, 77, who has retired as he worries about what may lie sleeping in small rooms some- came ill and later tested positive at Wood Mackenzie in Edinburgh, state-controlled Equinor, would chairman, is now looking beyond ahead for his company, which em- times shared with a colleague. for coronavirus was flown from said investors are now shying likely try to protect Norwegian in- oil. Through his family foundation ploys 45 people. The industry has begun health Clair Ridge, a BP field in waters away from oil, especially from vestments, cushioning the blow of he is financing an organization “My fear is how long can we checks at the heliports and reduc- north of Scotland. BP temporarily British waters, where production market turmoil, he said. called Opportunity North East sustain it?” he said, noting that oil ing numbers on the platforms. halted drilling in order to isolate costs are relatively high. Compa- Oil and gas was once a major that aims to make the most of the companies are even cutting serv- Usually about 11,500 workers are others. (The worker has since nies like Chevron and Conoco source of tax revenue for Britain, region’s skills in new areas like ices like his that could save them on the platforms at any time; that been released from the hospital.) Phillips had sold stakes in the area but no longer. Annual tax reve- offshore wind and hydrogen. money. “I know what it’s like when number has been cut by about The pandemic is the second before the latest price collapse. nues paid to the British govern- “That should in theory carry on you are hemorrhaging cash,” he 4,000, partly to ease crowding, but shock to the region in just six “The North Sea has a challenge ment dwindled from about 11 bil- forever if renewable energy is added. workers say it is still not easy to years. After oil prices crashed in to attract any kind of capital,” Mr. lion pounds to just over £1 billion what it is,” he said.

Chief of California Utility Will Retire in June, After Resolution of Bankruptcy By IVAN PENN court is expected to review that shift,” said Chris Holden, head of tially worth millions of dollars. and PETER EAVIS plea deal on May 26. PG&E was the California Assembly energy The company said that William Pacific Gas & Electric said on earlier convicted of six federal fel- committee. “I think it does under- Smith, who joined PG&E’s board Wednesday that its chief execu- onies after a gas pipeline explo- score the opportunity for the util- last year, would serve as interim tive, Bill Johnson, would retire at sion killed eight people in the San ity to move forward in a new direc- chief executive until a permanent the end of June after seeing the Francisco Bay Area in 2010. tion.” replacement is found. Mr. Smith is troubled company through its Mr. Johnson became the face of Before joining PG&E, Mr. John- a retired AT&T executive. bankruptcy. PG&E’s efforts to improve its son led the Tennessee Valley Au- Mr. Johnson’s departure will Mr. Johnson, a utility industry safety record. While the company thority, a utility owned by the fed- leave PG&E without a permanent veteran, joined PG&E last May af- avoided any fires as destructive eral government. And prior to that leader just as a new fire season be- ter it was forced to seek bank- as the Camp Fire in the last year, it role, he was fired from Duke Ener- gins in California. In addition, the ruptcy protection because of bil- was heavily criticized for cutting gy after holding the top job there company will soon have a com- lions of dollars in claims from off power to millions of California for less than a day. Duke, which is pletely new board of directors. As wildfires started by its equipment. residents during dry and windy based in North Carolina, had just part of PG&E’s plan to exit bank- “I joined PG&E to help get the conditions last year to prevent its merged with Progress Energy, ruptcy, the company has acceded company out of bankruptcy and equipment from causing fires. which Mr. Johnson led. to a demand by Gov. Gavin New- stabilize operations. By the end of The company was widely seen Progress Energy gained notori- som that it replace all of its direc- June, I expect that both of these as bungling the power shut offs, ety for critically damaging a nu- tors. The governor will also have goals will have been met,” Mr. which left many areas in Northern clear plant in Florida during an the authority to veto any nomina-

Johnson said in a statement. JEFF CHIU/ASSOCIATED PRESS and Central California without unusual, do-it-yourself upgrade tion to the board. When PG&E’s board an- Bill Johnson joined Pacific Gas & Electric last May with the utility facing electricity for days on end. that Mr. Johnson oversaw. The Although Governor Newsom nounced Mr. Johnson’s appoint- billions of dollars in claims from wildfires started by its equipment. PG&E’s website, which was failed project forced the plant to be has no direct authority over ment, it did not suggest that his meant to inform people about im- decommissioned. Duke paid Mr. PG&E’s bankruptcy, the Legisla- tenure would be short. In a state- pending shut-offs, went down, and Johnson a severance worth an es- ture gave him the power to decide ment at the time, the board said he ing wildfires upended PG&E, the started by the company’s equip- many local government officials timated $44 million. if the company can participate in a was “the right leader for PG&E as largest utility in California and ment, the 2018 Camp Fire, killed said they couldn’t reach the com- Last year, PG&E said Mr. John- $20 billion wildfire fund that will we work to strengthen our safety one of the largest in the country, 85 people and destroyed the town pany’s management. son would receive a base salary of help pay for liabilities from fires culture and navigate a complex leaving it with an estimated $30 of Paradise. “I think that the thought $2.5 million a year and a $3 million started by utility equipment. and challenging period in our billion in fire liabilities when it PG&E agreed to plead guilty to process was, there needed to be “transition payment” on his first Without access to that fund, company’s history.” filed for bankruptcy protection in involuntary manslaughter for all change from the top down, and day. He was also entitled to re- PG&E might not be able to secure Consecutive years of devastat- early 2019. One of the wildfires but one of those deaths. A state there needed to be a cultural ceive stock compensation poten- financing for its bankruptcy plan. B8 THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 SCORES ANALYSIS COMMENTARY N

ANDREW SPEAR FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Joe Burrow left Ohio State for L.S.U., where he ended his A Native Buckeye undefeated senior season with a raft of records, the Heisman Aims to Rescue Trophy and a national title. A Team and a State By BILLY WITZ compete for the starting job, a position he With the top pick in The Cincinnati Bengals’ tiger stripes run did not win until a week before the season deep for the Luehrman twins, Adam and opener. the N.F.L. draft, the Ryan. Growing up near Athens, Ohio, they “Joe wasn’t the Heisman Trophy winner Bengals seem poised shared Carson Palmer and Chad Johnson when he got here,” Orgeron said. “He devel- oped, he got better, he kept his mouth shut. to pin their hopes on jerseys and had a passing chance of cor- rectly spelling T.J. Houshmandzadeh. They Joe has not had a silver spoon in his mouth a local legend. know of the playoff pratfalls, the crushing all his life.” injuries, the ownership’s tightfisted ways Orgeron added, “He came here with faith and the decades of rotten (sometimes and built a championship team, and I don’t tragic) luck. see why he couldn’t do it in Cincinnati.” And now they hear the not-uncommon From a distance, what stands out to Da- whispers around town that the local boy Joe vid Anderson, a former N.F.L. receiver who Burrow, the Heisman Trophy-winning works for Gains Group, a sports technology quarterback who is the presumptive top consultancy, is Burrow’s ability to handle pick in the N.F.L. draft, would be better off chaos: avoiding second-down sacks, fum- ending up just about anywhere else than in bles or poor throws that lead to tipped balls Cincinnati, which is expected to select him or offensive pass interference. first on Thursday night. (After the N.F.L. cognoscenti went into a “Oh, his career is ruined because he goes tizzy at the news that Burrow’s hands were to the Bengals,” said Adam Luehrman, who measured at a smallish nine inches — like his brother has known Burrow since prompting a Burrow joke on Twitter about they were third-graders. retiring — Anderson noted how well Bur- row carries the ball near his front shoulder, Of course, maybe, just maybe, Burrow is making it less susceptible to being the right player to lift the Bengals above the stripped.) weight of their own history. Or he is, as JOHN BAZEMORE/ASSOCIATED PRESS Most impressive, Anderson said, was a Boomer Esiason, the former Cincinnati 23-20 win over Auburn, whose defensive quarterback, boldly suggests, the chosen rick Mahomes. Or even Tom Brady. of touchdown catches each in the 2014 state linemen Derrick Brown and Marlon Da- one. It is Matthew Dellavedova, the scrappy title game, and many more over the last five vidson — first-round draft candidates them- “It’s the same as LeBron James,” said Es- Cleveland Cavaliers reserve guard. summers when Burrow would return home selves — generated heavy pressure in a iason, who made clear that he was not com- “I saw him dive on the floor and punch from college and the Luehrmans, who are scheme that puzzled L.S.U. early. paring their talent, but their circumstances someone in the face, and it got me going,” tight ends at Ohio University, were looking But Burrow’s top four receivers that — Ohio kids picked first over all who can ef- Burrow, an all-state point guard in high for ways to get better. night caught eight, seven, seven and seven fect change not just in their arenas, but in Joe Burrow in 2019 school, once told The Cleveland Plain Those workouts reconvened after the co- passes each, and his only touchdown went their communities. “LeBron basically L.S.U. Dealer (though none of Dellavedova’s on- ronavirus pandemic prompted Burrow to to another receiver, Terrace Marshall Jr. saved the Cavaliers. If this kid is what I court scraps appeared to have escalated return home last month from Southern Cali- Even under duress in a tense game, Burrow think he’s worth, he’s going to accept this quite that far). fornia, where he was preparing for a since- rarely deviated from good decisions. challenge and be the reason the Bengals go Burrow’s appreciation for the rugged ele- canceled workout in front of N.F.L. scouts. “A game like that gives you context,” An- as far as they go.” 76.3 ments of sports comes, in part, from being He has been throwing regularly to the derson said. “A lot of quarterbacks, when completion percentage It would not be the first time Burrow has raised in a football family that grew up on Luehrmans — first at their high school field, the going gets tough, they abandon their taken up such a task. He carried Athens the other side of the ball. One older brother, until the recently renamed Joe Burrow Sta- rules, abandon what they’ve been taught High, which when he arrived hadn’t been to Jamie, was a linebacker at Nebraska, and dium was shuttered, and then at another and throw it to their favorite receiver. You the playoffs since 1990, to the state champi- the other, Dan, was a defensive back there. empty field. The workouts often take place watch the third and fourth quarter, and he’s onship game as a senior. And after transfer- His father, Jimmy, played in the secondary before an audience of one: Burrow’s father. making his reads. That’s a guy you bet on.” 5,671 ring from Ohio State, he led Louisiana State at Nebraska, too, and was the defensive co- That everyone involved wants to keep the And so, it appears, the Bengals will. passing yards — long defined by its Paleolithic offense — ordinator at Ohio University for 14 seasons. workouts a secret speaks to Burrow’s rise. Burrow is poised to have the chance to do to the national championship last season by To them, there was little surprise when In the lead-up to the championship game, what their last two longstanding quarter- shredding the best defenses in the country, Burrow bounced up after taking a huge lick Burrow put his growth down to two factors: backs, Carson Palmer and Andy Dalton, throwing an N.C.A.A.-record 60 touchdown along the Auburn sideline last season — a a new scheme that the assistant coach Joe who largely fulfilled expectations, could 368 passes. hit that drew a gasp from a capacity crowd Brady brought to L.S.U. from the New Or- not: contend for a title. Though the Bengals rushing yards Yet his most powerful moment was his at Tiger Stadium. “Joe’s always played the leans Saints, and a full off-season to work have long shed their Bungles label, the Heisman speech, when he pointed out that game like a defensive guy,” Jimmy had said with his receivers. They established a famil- starting quarterback in their last playoff children in Appalachian towns like his too after an earlier game. iarity that echoed when a September game victory was Esiason. It came after the 1990 often come home to not enough food on the That grit, though, is sometimes well hid- at Texas was in the balance and, facing season — or nearly six years before Burrow table. Within weeks, more than $500,000 den — behind a baby face, a predilection for third-and-17, Burrow stepped away from a was born. That drought is the longest in the 60 poured into the county food pantry, more cartoon-character clothing (“Looney blitz and knew exactly where Justin Jeffer- N.F.L. passing touchdowns than five times its annual budget. The wind- Tunes” T-shirts and the “SpongeBob son would be — hitting him over the middle “Somewhere it goes sideways,” Esiason fall proved to be provident when the coro- SquarePants” socks he wore to the Heis- for a clinching 61-yard touchdown. said. navirus pandemic hit, allowing the pantry, man ceremony), and a swagger embodied “He did stuff like that in Athens all the Though he has been a frequent critic, Esi- which was feeding families once a week in by his casual puffs on a cigar as he rolled time,” Ryan Luehrman said. “When we ason said the team’s owner, Mike Brown, 5 November, to increase to four times a week. into the news conference after the national were in high school, every route — if we did- and his family are true to football roots of rushing touchdowns Once he is drafted, Burrow plans to lend championship game. n’t get it 100 percent, we were going to do it their late patriarch, Paul Brown. “This isn’t his name to causes related to hunger and By then, of course, he had built a legion of until we did, whether it was staying after Jerry Jones or Robert Kraft,” Esiason said, poverty, and a base in Cincinnati could give fans in southern Louisiana, where they pre- practice, coming in on Saturday. Everybody referring to a pair of the N.F.L.’s flashier his efforts more weight. ferred to spell his name Burreaux. Still, few sees how much he puts into it and follows owners. “They’re probably still driving “In southeast Ohio, Joe and his family are believe in him more ardently than the suit. There was probably a lot of that at Buick Skylarks and wearing khaki pants 6 considered real heroes,” said Karin Bright, Luehrman brothers — not because they L.S.U.” and blue Oxford shirts. They were always interceptions the board president of the Athens County know the Bengals so well, but because they There was indeed, said L.S.U. Coach Ed frugal, but when you look at the nuts and Food Pantry. “If he would decide to continue understand Burrow so deeply. Orgeron. bolts, they knew their football.” on with some philanthropic activity, it Nobody has caught more of Burrow’s He noted that Burrow sat for three years Thus it was noteworthy when the Ben- would get major attention because his story passes than the twins — for four years as at Ohio State and arrived in Baton Rouge gals, who generally draft well, made rare 202.0 is just that compelling: the kid who didn’t receivers as Athens High, including a pair with only one assurance — that he could splurges in free agency by signing defen- quarterback rating get to play, goes to another school, wins the sive tackle D.J. Reader to a four-year, $53 Heisman, undefeated season. He’s going to million contract and cornerback Trae have that kind of voice whatever he chooses Waynes to a three-year, $42 million deal. to do with it.” The offense also has some building blocks That voice has found far greater reso- in place: running back Joe Mixon and the nance in the last year. returning star receiver, A.J. Green, who was In early September, Burrow was just an- slapped with an $18 million franchise tag, other college quarterback trying to make and last year’s first-round pick, left tackle the most of his final season. He arrived at Jonah Williams, who missed all of last sea- L.S.U. as a graduate transfer in 2018 after son with injuries. being unable to rise to the top of a stacked How much the Bengals bounce back from depth chart in three years at Ohio State. His last season’s 2-14 record, and how far they first season with the Tigers was solid, and go in the seasons beyond, will involve more he finished with a flourish. Still, his odds of than that — whether it is by performance or winning the Heisman were long at the start example or force of will. of the 2019 season: 200-to-1. Some N.F.L. “Joe Burrow has to be the reason it does- scouts did not consider his arm strength n’t go sideways,” said Esiason, whose only sufficient. quibble with Burrow is that he did not stick For a window into what has fueled Bur- it out at Ohio State. “He has to be bigger

row’s ascent, consider his favorite athlete, BRIAN SPURLOCK/USA TODAY SPORTS, VIA REUTERS than all of it — carry himself like Tom Brady, the one he gushes over, proudly wearing his like he’s going to change it just like he did at T-shirt and photoshopping his idol's face ‘Joe Burrow has to be the reason it doesn’t go sideways.’ L.S.U. It’s a big ask, and it’s a lot of pressure, onto his own high school football photo. It is but that’s what makes it so awesome, such a not Drew Brees. Or Aaron Rodgers. Or Pat- BOOMER ESIASON, former Bengals quarterback unique opportunity for a hometown kid.” THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N B9

PRO FOOTBALL N.F.L. DRAFT In an Uncertain Year, The Draft Fits Right In By KEN BELSON Other coaches and executives For the past five years, the posted details of their at-home N.F.L. has been turned its college setups on social media. John draft into a movable sports feast, Lynch, the general manager of the taking it from New York, where it San Francisco 49ers, showcased had been hosted for nearly a half- added monitors and landlines as century, to Chicago, Philadelphia, part of his work station, similar to Dallas and Nashville. Television the draft room in the house of New Orleans Saints Coach Sean Pay- broadcasters loved the new sce- ton. nery, as fans across the country tuned in to witness the pageantry Protect the Pass and as sponsors lined up to attach As in recent years, quarterbacks their companies to these increas- and wide receivers are expected ingly supersized football parties. to take center stage. Burrow is This year’s event was going to widely favored to chosen first be the granddaddy of excess, held over all, but Justin Herbert from on The Strip in Las Vegas, with top Oregon, Tua Tagovailoa from Ala- prospects like Joe Burrow and bama and Jordan Love from Utah Chase Young boating to a stage State should also garner strong in- set in the fountains at the Bellagio terest, which means this could be Hotel. The spectacle, which was the fifth consecutive draft with at expected to draw 50,000 fans, was least three quarterbacks taken in also supposed to serve as a com- the first round. ing-out party for the Raiders, who Fans will also hear the names of are set to play their first season in a lot of players from the SEC, col- Las Vegas this year. lege football’s most powerful con- Though the pandemic has ference. Two dozen of the top forced the N.F.L. to scrap the Ve- prospects in the draft are from gas stage for a purely televised SEC programs, including eight draft, with players participating from Louisiana State, which won

JOHN LOCHER/ASSOCIATED PRESS What could have been: the intended site of the draft. via remote video, the league will the national championship, and adapt its broadcast formula to ac- seven from Alabama. Two of those commodate spectacle, wedging in players from Alabama are Jerry telethon-style performances from Jeudy and Henry Ruggs III, who the likes of the comedian Kevin are among the top wide receivers Hart and the musician Harry Con- in the draft. They are looking to nick Jr. There will also be fund- become the fifth pair of receivers raising prompts for charities re- from the same college drafted in lated to Covid-19. the first round in the same year How that star-powered pro- since 1967. gramming will jibe with the main Offensive linemen have also event is anybody's guess. Com- been in favor in recent years as missioner Roger Goodell will an- teams aim to protect their quar- nounce selections from the base- terbacks. Mekhi Becton from Lou- ment of his home. The league has isville, Andrew Thomas from welcomed fans to boo him, as is Georgia, Jedrick Wills from Ala- PHOTOGRAPHS BY MASON TRINCA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES tradition, through a beer-spon- bama and Tristan Wirfs from Iowa sored promotion. are considered the most likely Draft prospects will be shown in from their position group to be se- their living rooms via remote cam- lected early. A Hometown Hero Gets Ready to Move eras, the league having mailed The San Francisco 49ers made technology kits to 58 players it to the Super Bowl last season on ahead of time. Of course, social the backs of their dominant pass distancing guidelines still apply at rushers. Other teams surely took Justin Herbert, Mr. Oregon, home, and the league asked that note. Ohio State defensive end waits for the N.F.L.’s call. players not gather in large groups Chase Young is likely to be the or wear or consume anything not first defensive player chosen in By KEN BELSON branded by an approved list of the draft, as the Washington Red- sponsors. In some ways, that skins have the second overall pick Justin Herbert grew up in Eu- footage may recall the simpler and a defensive-minded new head gene, Ore. He went to college days before fans attended the coach in Ron Rivera. Young would down the street at the University event. In others, viewers will still follow in the footsteps of Nick of Oregon. He and his family still be reminded that the draft — Bosa, a former college teammate, live there, a mile from Autzen Sta- broadcast to millions of fans on who was chosen second over all dium, where he set passing several TV networks as well as on last year by the 49ers. Derrick records as the Ducks quarter- various streaming apps — is as Brown from Auburn and Javon back. And unless an N.F.L. team much about celebrating the busi- Kinlaw from South Carolina are relocates before the start of this ness of the N.F.L. as it is about the names to watch as well. season, Herbert will have to flee players. Continuing a recent trend, the nest. teams will also seek to strengthen Just where he will end up is un- How to Watch their defensive backfields. Jeff clear. Joe Burrow, who led Louisi- The 85th N.F.L. draft will be Okudah from Ohio State is ex- ana State to a national title, is the most sought-after quarterback in broadcast on ABC, ESPN, ESPN pected to be the first cornerback the draft and the Cincinnati Ben- Deportes and the NFL Network, chosen, especially if the Detroit gals hold the first over all pick. But and it will be streamed. Lions, who traded the Pro Bowl Herbert — who at 22 years old The first round is scheduled to cornerback Darius Slay in March, stands 6-foot-6, 237 pounds and is start Thursday at 8 p.m. Day 2, keep the third overall pick. C.J. only the second Ducks quarter- which covers the second and third Henderson from Florida and Kris- back to throw for over 10,000 rounds, will begin Friday at 7 p.m. tian Fulton from L.S.U. also have yards and score more than 100 Day 3, consisting of Rounds 4 to 7, strong chances of being first- touchdowns — is arguably the will begin at noon Saturday. rounders. second-best quarterback After a standout career at Oregon, Justin Herbert wound up preparing for the N.F.L. draft by How Will a Remote Draft Work? Trade Chaos prospect in a year when a bevy of throwing passes to his brothers near their home. He had to teach them where to make their cuts. teams are looking for successors Teams will have 10 minutes to The pandemic could alter teams’ to their incumbent throwers. make their first-round picks on strategies when making picks. Be- No matter where Herbert plays 19, was a four-star prospect in modations, particularly for a week as well. Some days, he also Thursday, seven minutes for their cause team facilities are closed next, it’s likely to be a lot bigger high school and a redshirt fresh- Mitchell, who has been out of foot- returns to Sheldon to run laps on second-round picks on Friday, and all travel banned, coaches and than Eugene, where the soft-spo- man tight end with the Ducks last ball since 2018. Instead of having the track named after his grandfa- then five minutes for Rounds 3 scouts have had fewer in-person ken quarterback has blossomed in season. Mitchell run a “45 Go” route, ther, Roger Herbert, who was a through 6 and four minutes for the interviews with prospects than in a college football cocoon. Even in “Without my brothers, it’d be which is essentially a 45-yard longtime track and field coach seventh and final round on Satur- other years. This could prompt this most unusual of N.F.L. off- tough because all the guys I sprint, he has Mitchell stand 45 there. After stretching, he uses day. If there are technical glitches teams to pick more players from seasons, when most prospects worked out with at Pro Day went yards away and zips passes to that the family’s hot tub. while a team is on the clock, the the Power 5 conference programs, have been cut off from former col- home,” Justin Herbert said. spot. Other times, he has had to re- The lead up to the N.F.L. draft N.F.L. will have the option of ex- because there is more information lege teammates, weight rooms Five times a week, the Herbert mind his brothers to look over was going to be nerve-racking tending the amount of time the available on those prospects. and trainers since the coronavirus brothers walk a few blocks to a big their shoulders for passes. enough without the added tension team has to make a pick. The lack of information about pandemic forced school closures, grass field. After warming up, Jus- “One of the tough things is they of the coronavirus pandemic. Her- In normal years, team employ- players from smaller schools may Herbert has been able to rely on tin works through his pro day don’t run the full routes all the bert would have avoided some of ees assemble in so-called war make known quantities — free his hometown to stay in shape and script, throwing 62 different pas- time, but I get my footwork in and the stress had he left Oregon after rooms at their facilities. To com- agents as well as college players prepare for the next stage of his ses, which takes an hour or so. He put the ball where I need to put it,” his junior year, as some experts municate effectively for this draft, who appeared in a lot of televised football career. had to teach his brothers where to Justin said. “Now they know how I thought he might, though there teams have outfitted their deci- games — more valuable, leading After Herbert completed his cut, hook and sprint down the work.” was no guarantee he would have sion makers with communication teams to make more trades than Pro Day in front of 20 N.F.L. team field. He has made some accom- Herbert runs sprints three days been taken in the first round. Her- equipment at home, including in a typical year. In the past 20 representatives on March 12 — bert said he has no regrets about computers, video screens and reli- years, the draft has featured an the same day the N.C.A.A. can- returning for his senior year, able, fast internet connections. Se- average of 13 trades in the first celed its spring basketball cham- when he won a Pac-12 champi- attle Seahawks General Manager round. This year, the Atlanta Fal- pionship tournaments — he had to onship and scored three rushing John Schneider, who lives near cons (16th pick) and the Tampa find new ways to train. The ath- touchdowns in the Ducks’ (12-2) the team’s training facility in Ren- Bay Buccaneers (14th pick) may letic facility at the university was win over Wisconsin in the Rose ton, Wash., said technicians had have an incentive to trade up and closed, so he lifted weights at Shel- Bowl. ripped out walls at his home and grab a proven player to comple- don High School, his alma mater. Herbert allows that he is disap- installed draft boards in his dining ment their splashy free-agent When the school was shut about pointed he will not be able to at- room (one each for offensive and signings. The running back Todd 10 days later, he began lifting tend the draft in Las Vegas, where defensive prospects), as well as Gurley is back in Georgia, where weights in the garage and back- the N.F.L. originally planned to video screens and a big printer in he played college ball, and Tom yard of his family’s home. hold the event. But waiting with his home office. The technicians Brady is now renting Derek Despite the stay-at-home re- his family in their living room for a also strengthened the cellphone Jeter’s house in Tampa, Fla. strictions in place across Oregon, team to call seems apropos for and Wi-Fi signals. Some teams could capitalize on Herbert had two spotters — his someone whose life is so inter- “I live in a dumb house, not a the chaos, particularly those with brothers, Mitchell and Patrick — twined with his hometown. smart house,” Schneider said in an multiple first-round picks — like who are living at home with him “I always wanted to go to the interview last week, though he the Miami Dolphins, the Raiders and just so happen to be capable of draft and thought the experience added that he felt uneasy having and the Jacksonville Jaguars, who running routes and catching pas- would have been fun, but I’m from workers in his home who were un- have been deliberately rebuilding ses. Mitchell, 23, played wide re- Eugene and that’s where all my able to practice social distancing. their rosters. ceiver at Montana State. Patrick, Herbert lifted weights at home in an improvised workout area. friends and family are,” he said. B10 N THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

PRO FOOTBALL What’s Up the Sleeve of That Cutoff Hoodie? The Giants Even the tight-lipped Bill Beli- for SiriusXM N.F.L. Radio. And the Jets chick admits that this week’s “Whether it’s in Round 1, 2 or 3 N.F.L. draft, and this year’s off- — just to be in competition. Be- season, will be vastly different cause they’ve had success in Both Need from any other for the New Eng- finding guys who can compete in land Patriots in this century. this league at that spot.” “Over the last As with many players in the A Whole Lot BILL two decades, pre-draft process, there is dis- PENNINGTON everything we did, agreement about whether Tagov- By DANIELLE ALLENTUCK every single deci- ailoa or Herbert has the better The Giants and Jets, both select- sion we made in N.F.L. future. And almost all of it ON ing early in the first round once FOOTBALL terms of major has to do with Tagovailoa’s re- again, plan to use the N.F.L. draft planning, was covery and durability after re- to keep rebuilding. made with the idea of how to cent hip surgery. The Giants pick fourth overall make things best for Tom Brady,” “Will Tua be there playing for after compiling a 4-12 record in Belichick said in a conference you this year? Yes, but the real 2019. They fired Coach Pat Shur- call with reporters last week. question is: Will he be there in mur and replaced him with Joe Now it’s the Tampa Bay Bucca- 2023 or 2024?” said Gil Brandt, Judge, who had no head coaching neers who are trying to build the former longtime Cowboys experience, and have used previ- around Brady, something made executive and another SiriusXM ous drafts to lock in their quarter- more obvious when they traded analyst. “All these doctors are back and running back. Building for the former Patriots tight end giving good reports on Tua, but around those stars could position Rob Gronkowski on Tuesday. If they don’t say what his shelf life the Giants for a rise in the N.F.C. the idea of that duo playing home will be.” East, an underperforming divi- games in Florida still takes some Belichick, however, will not be sion last season. getting used to, consider this: In going into that medical evalua- The Jets (7-9 last season) own New England, the quarterbacks tion blind. Nick Saban, Tagov- the 11th overall pick, with less of a on the roster are Jarrett Stidham, ailoa’s coach at Alabama, has discernible strategy than the Gi- who has four career pass at- KATHRYN RILEY/GETTY IMAGES been friends with Belichick for ants. The team sputtered early in tempts (with one interception) This off-season Bill Belichick is having to rebuild his team without Tom Brady under center. roughly 40 years, and the duo 2019, lost quarterback Sam and Brian Hoyer, a 34-year-old talk and share information fre- Darnold to a bout of mono for a journeyman who has lost 12 of quently. stretch and never got the produc- his last 13 starts at the position. Louisiana State’s Joe Burrow, the lion in cap space, which isn’t ing the rest of the N.F.L. jumpy “I value his opinion very, very tion they’d hoped for out of run- “Not sure exactly how that’s expected first overall pick. enough to sign even their incom- and paranoid for too long, and highly,” Belichick said of Saban ning back Le’Veon Bell, before going to go,” Belichick said when That kind of trade is not the ing draft class. But packaging, the silence from Foxborough last week. missing the playoffs for the ninth discussing the competition to usual Patriots way. They like to for example, the All-Pro guard about the team’s plans to replace There are other quarterback straight season. It was still their find a new quarterback. hoard draft picks. But there are Joe Thuney with a valuable 2021 Brady has people expecting a options, too, including Jalen best finish since 2015. Coach Hold on. Tom Brady, nothing mitigating factors — most obvi- pick would free up $15 million in Patriots gambit involving a quar- Hurts, whom Saban benched for Adam Gase, who was thought to short of a deity in New England, ously, the need for a franchise cap space and maybe garner the terback. Adding fuel to that Tagovailoa, although not before be in hot water in midseason, is re- has skipped town, and the man quarterback, something the high first-round selection that suspicion was New England’s Hurts had a productive Alabama turning for his second year. most responsible for his depar- Patriots probably won’t find with yields either Tagovailoa or Her- hiring of Eliot Wolf as a person- career. Or the Patriots could ture hasn’t a clue how he’s going their current first-round pick, the bert on Thursday. nel consultant last month. Wolf, a return to one of their favorite GIANTS to replace him? It’s also true that Belichick former Cleveland assistant gen- tactics and use a later-round pick Building Blocks It is a response that has many loves to shock his N.F.L. col- eral manager who also spent 14 for a quarterback. in the pro football community leagues by doing something years in the Green Bay front Brady, famously, was a sixth- The Giants have picked early in wondering what Belichick might The Patriots’ silence radical or at least unconvention- office, is the son of the longtime round selection, and Stidham each of the last three drafts, taking have up his sleeve, especially al, so Stidham — whom Belichick N.F.L. executive Ron Wolf. was drafted in the fourth round. Daniel Jones sixth overall in 2019 since the coach is renowned for has raised suspicions calls “Stid” — could still be the Ron Wolf was general man- Or New England could dip into a as the heir to Eli Manning, and having a meticulous plan to plan under center. Having ager of the thriving 1990s Pack- free-agent market that will be scooping up running back Saquon resolve any consequential quan- around the league. watched Stidham in the pre- ers, and an influential figure in revived after this week. Cincin- Barkley with the second overall dary he has ever faced during his season and in practice sessions, draft circles. His best-known nati’s Andy Dalton should be pick in the 2018 draft. 45 years in the league. Belichick undoubtedly knows the maxim was that an N.F.L. team available if the Bengals take But even with that core in place, the team still finished in the bot- Which leads to the start of the 23rd over all. Given their win- quarterback’s capabilities. After should select a quarterback in Burrow as expected, although tom third in the league in offen- draft on Thursday, when the ning track record, the Patriots Brady’s rookie season in 2000, some round of every annual that would still mean New Eng- the Patriots knew they could draft. Wolf was also very close to sive yards per game (338.5, 23rd usual intrigue surrounding the seem unlikely to be in the sweep- land had to clear cap space. uproot Drew Bledsoe if neces- Bill Parcells, one of Belichick’s in the N.F.L.) and middle of the Patriots is heightened by the stakes for Clemson quarterback The Patriots are nonetheless in sary. In that light, maybe Beli- early mentors. pack in scoring (21.3 points per notion that the team could trade Trevor Lawrence in next year’s new, Brady-less territory. Beli- one of its best current players or chick is planning moves with the “I would be surprised if by chick agreed with that point, but game, tied for 18th), with both draft, either. package next year’s first-round knowledge that his team has Friday night, the Patriots don’t he was not tipping his hand. Jones and Barkley missing games And, finally, the Patriots are pick with other assets to move talent to build on at quarterback. pull a quarterback off the board “The circumstances will be because of ankle injuries. Behind probably going to have to trade a up and select either Tua Tagov- But don’t expect the rest of the in this draft,” said Mark Dominik, different this year,” he conceded an ineffective offensive line, Jones ailoa or Justin Herbert, the quar- top player to create salary-cap N.F.L. to buy that just yet. Beli- the former Tampa Bay general last week, “and we’ll see how ranked in the top 10 in sack per- terbacks likely to be taken after space. They have about $1 mil- chick’s Patriots have been mak- manager who is now an analyst everything plays out.” centage. Protecting those two players and giving them time to operate will be a high priority. “It’s very, very difficult for Saquon to run the ball if he doesn’t have holes,” General Manager Dave Gettleman said last week. “It’s going to be difficult for Daniel Some People Retire Quietly. to throw the ball when he’s on his back. We’ll continue to build the offensive line.” Then There’s Rob Gronkowski. This year’s top prospects at of- By VICTOR MATHER fensive tackle are expected to tight end when he retired after nine sea- exchange for Gronkowski and a seventh- have an instant impact. Alabama’s With the announcement that Rob sons with the Patriots in 2019. But though round pick. Jedrick Wills and Iowa’s Tristan Gronkowski will reunite with his longtime he sat out last season, Gronkowski, 30, Gronkowski did not spend the last year Wirfs are projected early first- teammate Tom Brady on the Tampa Bay rounders. Wills is a dynamic right never formally retired. quietly working in his garden like some tackle who allowed one sack in his Buccaneers, one of the most talented play- And the lure of playing again with Brady, retirees. (That’s not too surprising from senior season. Wirfs, who rose to a ers and colorful characters in football re- now with the Buccaneers, proved too someone who in 2016 hosted a cruise on starting position during his fresh- turns to the N.F.L. man year at Iowa, can play both great. the Gronk Party Ship, dancing shirtless left and right tackle. It seemed as if we had seen the last of The team on Sunday agreed to send a deep into the night.) With such a high pick, Gettle- Gronkowski’s 6-foot-6 frame lining up at fourth-round draft pick to the Patriots in Here’s what Gronk has been up to. man could also take the best avail- able talent. Linebacker Isaiah Simmons, from Clemson, is a ver- 2019 2020 satile star who lined up at five de- fensive positions in college and The Last Catch, CBD ‘The Masked Singer,’ Pro possesses a wide receiver’s Pitchman, Hints of Return Wrestling, N.F.L. Return speed: He ran a 4.39-second 40- yard dash. The Giants allowed FEB. 3 Gronkowski goes out on a high JAN.4 For the first time in four years, 28.2 points per game last season, note, catching six passes for 87 yards in the Patriots fail to make the Super third-most in the N.F.L., and Sim- the Patriots’ 13-3 Super Bowl victory Bowl, losing to the Tennessee Titans in mons, who can drop into coverage over the Rams. “I’ll tell you this,” the wild-card round. or defend in space, could help. Gronkowski says, “it was the most FEB. 2 Gronkowski makes his debut on The Giants could also trade satisfying year I’ve ever been a part of. “The Masked Singer,” performing “Ice their top pick in favor of multiple How we came together, the obstacles Ice Baby” in a white tiger costume. He picks in other rounds. Later in the we had to overcome, the grind from the continues in future episodes with “Good draft, expect the Giants to be fo- beginning of training camp to now, it’s Vibrations” and “We Will Rock You” cused on picking a safety, a center just surreal.” before being eliminated in ninth place and a wide receiver in a particu- MARCH 24 Gronkowski announces his on April 1 after his performance of “I’m larly deep year for receivers. retirement at age 29. He had hinted for Too Sexy.” He somehow finishes ahead several years that the grind of the of Dionne Warwick and Chaka Khan. JETS league was wearing down his body. “It’s MARCH 15 Though there is no indica- Helping Darnold time to move forward, and move for- tion that Gronkowski is a factor, the ward with a big smile, knowing that the JOE SCARNICI/GETTY IMAGES FOR WRANGLER N.F.L. and its union agree to loosen the The Jets have four picks in the top New England Patriots’ organization, Rob Gronkowski and his girlfriend, Camille Kostek, were on stage rules on players using marijuana. Play- 79, their most since 2000. Their Pats Nation and all my fans will be at a “Gronk Party” in Miami Beach during Super Bowl week. ers who test positive will no longer be goal will be to give Darnold a tar- truly a big part of my heart for the rest suspended, and testing will be limited get or two after his top receiver, of my life,” he says in a statement. to the first two weeks of training camp. Robby Anderson, signed with the Panthers in the off-season. AUG. 27 With the N.F.L. season ap- APRIL 3 Gronkowski appears in the proaching, Gronkowski says he does video for “I’ll Wait” by Kygo and Sasha This draft is loaded with play- not miss football, tearing up while Sloan, co-starring with his girlfriend, making receivers who should be talking about the pain the sport in- Camille Kostek. The two frolic on the available outside the top 10. Ala- flicted on him over the years. Yet he beach and play with puppies. bama’s Jerry Jeudy is expected to does not completely rule out a possible be the first receiver off the board, return, saying only that he “didn’t see it APRIL 5-6 Gronkowski, who often spoke but his college teammate, Henry in the foreseeable future, in like a week of his love for professional wrestling, Ruggs, could be available with not or a month.” hosts WrestleMania 36, and also wins a much of a drop-off in talent. Ruggs title there. On Saturday, Mojo Rawley averaged 18.7 yards per catch last OCT. 8 Gronkowski makes his debut as foils Gronkowski’s efforts to win the season, with 746 receiving yards a football analyst for Fox Sports. He 24/7 belt, but on Sunday, Gronkowski gets strong reviews for not attempting and eight touchdowns. But at 5- jumps from his announcer’s platform to foot-11, he could be bypassed by to hide his goofy personality to blend in pin Rawley and claim the title. with the typically buttoned-down com- teams looking for size. At 6-foot-2, mentators. In one of his more re- MONDAY Gronkowski participates in a Oklahoma’s CeeDee Lamb, who marked-upon comments, he compares freewheeling, sometimes ribald inter- had over 3,000 receiving yards in his former teammate Julian Edelman to view on “Watch What Happens Live” his three college seasons, could be a squirrel: “Whenever he gets a on Bravo and hints at a return. “I’m an alternative. chance, he gets that nut just like he feeling good right now, I’m happy It’s also a deep draft for line- gets a first down.” where I’m at. And you just never know, men, though the best of the bunch man. You just never know. You never are expected to be selected in the OCT. 25 Gronkowski hints that a possi- know. I’m not totally done.” top 10. But for a Jets team that al- ble return to the league would be con- Soon after, he makes it official. lowed 52 sacks last season, the tingent upon it allowing players to use WEDNESDAY Brady posts a video of fourth-most in the N.F.L., they marijuana products. “I don’t want to be may do well to pick from the sec- banned from playing the sport I love himself blowing a horn. Gronkowski runs up, looking a little winded, and ond tier of tackles and wait to land because I’m using a product that any- a receiver. That strategy could one can buy right off the shelf at their says, “A little tired, but Gronk report- ing.” Buccaneers fans, already excited leave them choosing between local pharmacy,” he says at a news Mekhi Becton, a 6-foot-7, 364- conference. about the coming season, have another reason to cheer. pound option from Louisville or NOV. 30 Despite much speculation of a Andrew Thomas, Georgia’s 6- Gronkowski return to the Patriots for foot-5, 315-pound lineman. the playoffs, he chooses not to, as the BEN SOLOMON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES Cornerback and edge rusher deadline for him to come back to the Gronkowski, a longtime favorite target of Tom Brady’s, reacting af- are also focal points for General league in the 2019 season passes. ter catching a touchdown pass against the Eagles in Super Bowl LII. Manager Joe Douglas. THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N B11

SCOREBOARD SOCCER

TRANSACTIONS BASEBALL Portugal’s Biggest Club Is a Power Unto Itself M.L.B. OFFICE — Suspended without pay Boston Red Sox video replay system By TARIQ PANJA operator J.T. Watkins for the 2020 season. that she believed Benfica’s outsize which Benfica’s great domestic ri- Boston forfeits the second round selection influence had given it a privileged val, F.C. Porto, was seeking to in the 2020 first-year player draft. The judge’s allegiance to Ben- fica, the biggest soccer club in status in Portuguese society, par- overturn a ruling ordering it to FOOTBALL Portugal, hardly made him an out- ticularly when it came to legal pay two million euros, or about N.F.L. lier. matters. The phrase she used to $2.2 million, for disseminating GIANTS — Signed DT Leonard Williams to describe that status — “state cap- confidential Benfica documents a non-exclusive franchise tag. Benfica often boasts that it can count more than half of Portugal’s ture” — refers to the notion that on its television channel. (A su- COLLEGE population as supporters, and private entities can grow so pow- pervising judge rejected his re- erful that they are able, if they quest to step aside, declaring that N.J. CITY — Named Nick Margiasso men's judges, prosecutors, top police of- and women's head tennis coach. ficials and even the country’s choose, to unduly influence the Pires’s passion for Benfica could state itself. not possibly influence his impar- prime minister are regular guests FOOTBALL tiality as a judge.) in the directors’ box at the team’s “State capture is done through N.F.L. DRAFT ORDER matches. One judge has been so the capture of people who are in Porto is appealing the ruling, an institutional position in the The N.F.L. draft will be held virtually from loyal, in fact, that he was honored but the frequency of outcomes Thursday, April 23, through Saturday, April 25. state, and of course one key pillar that appear to have benefited last year with a Golden Eagle la- FIRST ROUND is the justice system,” said Gomes, Benfica and the contents of some Team Record Opponents pel pin, symbolic of his half-cen- W L T Pct W L T Pct who has been campaigning on of Pinto’s leaks — which included tury affiliation with the club. 1. Cincinnati 2 14 0 .125 141 114 1 .553 Pinto’s behalf. “If you have judges a database with the names and ad- 2. Washington 3 13 0 .188 128 127 1 .502 So when it was revealed that a 3. Detroit 3 12 1 .219 129 126 1 .506 who are captured, or don’t mind dresses of some of Portugal’s most 4. Giants 4 12 0 .250 120 134 2 .473 judge, not the one given the lapel ARMANDO FRANCA/ASSOCIATED PRESS 5. Miami 5 11 0 .313 124 132 0 .484 having the appearance of being senior judges and notes on games 6. L.A.Chargers 5 11 0 .313 131 124 1 .514 pin but another one, had joined the captured, we have a problem.” Benfica counts much of Portugal’s population as supporters. A they had been invited to attend — 7. Carolina 5 11 0 .313 140 115 1 .549 legion of critics assailing a 31- 8. Arizona 5 10 1 .344 135 120 1 .529 Benfica, which was asked for hacker faces charges for publishing some of the club’s secrets. have renewed questions about 9. Jacksonville 6 10 0 .375 124 132 0 .484 year-old computer expert, Rui comment on Monday, provided a how far the club’s influence ex- 10. Cleveland 6 10 0 .375 136 119 1 .533 Pinto, who had embarrassed Ben- 11. Jets 7 9 0 .438 121 135 0 .473 lengthy defense of its actions on tends. 12. Las Vegas7 9 0 .438 123 132 1 .482 The disclosures were hailed in Before he was named to lead fica by publishing some of its Wednesday night, after publica- “You need to understand Por- 13. S.F.-a 13 3 0 .813 128 126 2 .504 some corners for shining a light on Pinto’s trial, Registo served on a 14. Tampa Bay 7 9 0 .438 127 127 2 .500 darkest secrets online, few rushed tion of the article online. tuguese history to understand the 15. Denver 7 9 0 .438 130 125 1 .510 to the hacker’s defense. the underbelly of the world’s most three-judge panel overseeing a 16. Atlanta 7 9 0 .438 139 116 1 .545 A club spokesman said via importance of football in our cul- popular sport, but for now they case involving Benfica’s former le- 17. Dallas 8 8 0 .500 122 133 1 .479 But to lawyers for Pinto, who is email that Benfica officials had ture, politics, even in our every- 18. Miami-b 8 8 0 .500 128 127 1 .502 are producing only anxiety for gal director, Paulo Gonçalves. The 19. Las Vegas-c 8 8 0 .500 129 125 2 .508 scheduled to stand trial this sum- never performed or suggested day lives,” said Mário Figueiredo, 20. Jcksnvlle-d 9 7 0 .563 136 118 2 .535 mer, the judge’s fandom was a Pinto. That is because his fate now legal director was accused of trad- 21. Phila. 9 7 0 .563 116 139 1 .455 acts that “were not perfectly le- a former president of the Por- 22. Minn.-e 10 6 0 .625 121 133 2 .477 problem: He had been assigned to gal.” rests, potentially, in the hands of a ing perks like prime seats and tuguese league. He said that sev- 23. New Eng. 12 4 0 .750 120 136 0 .469 oversee their client’s case. judge, Paulo Registo, who may al- club merchandise to two court of- 24. N.Orleans13 3 0 .813 124 131 1 .486 He suggested that those speak- eral of the presidents of Portugal’s 25. Minn. 10 6 0 .625 121 133 2 .477 “You don’t feel at ease,” Pinto’s ing out against the club were moti- ready have signaled he believes ficials who are accused of illegally three biggest clubs had often 26. Miami-f 10 6 0 .625 133 123 0 .520 the defendant is guilty. gaining access to details of ongo- 27. Seattle 11 5 0 .688 135 119 2 .531 Portuguese lawyer, Francisco Tei- vated by envy because of its years found themselves in legal trouble, 28. Baltimore 14 2 0 .875 126 129 1 .494 xeira da Mota, said in a telephone After being picked to preside ing investigations into Benfica 29. Tennessee 9 7 0 .563 125 131 0 .488 of success, adding it was not true but that none had ever been pros- 30. Green Bay 13 3 0 .813 115 139 2 .453 interview. “Of course, we would that Benfica had any undue influ- over Pinto’s trial, Registo worked and then passing that confidential ecuted while in office. 31. S.F. 13 3 0 .813 128 126 2 .504 quickly to delete social media information to team officials. 32. Kansas City 12 4 0 .750 130 125 1 .510 like someone who is not commit- ence in Portuguese society and “Being the president is a form of a-from Indianapolis ted to Benfica.” posts linking himself to Benfica, Yet even though he was the b-from Pittsburgh that any suggestions to the con- protection,” he said. More than a c-from Chicago Benfica’s reach, though, may trary were conspiracy theories but not before they had been no- head of the club’s legal depart- decade ago, for example, Porto’s d-from L.A. Rams make that difficult. The Lisbon ticed by journalists and others. In ment, and his actions benefited e-from Buffalo that “are the daily ‘food’ of inter- longtime president, Jorge Nuno f-from Houston team is the biggest of Portugal’s net, social media and, unfortu- one, the judge was reported to the club, the court allowed Pinto da Costa, was cleared of in- COLLEGES WITH THE MOST three most powerful clubs, a nately, even trusted and reputed have liked a post that described Gonçalves to obscure his links to volvement in a corruption scandal NO. 1 OVERALL PICKS sporting and media colossus newspapers.” Pinto as a “pirate.” Benfica by claiming he had acted after wiretap evidence that ap- Auburn (5) whose influence extends into For now, it is Pinto, though, who “The judge that will judge Rui in a private capacity. A court of ap- peared to link him to a scheme to 2011: Cam Newton, QB (Carolina) nearly every aspect of daily life in Pinto doesn’t hide his love for Ben- peals judge later complained that 1988: Aundray Bruce, LB (Atlanta) may have the biggest problem of bribe referees was deemed inad- 1986: Bo Jackson, RB (Tampa Bay) the country. It is a team whose vic- all. In crossing Benfica and expos- fica,” read one headline from a Benfica itself should have been missible by a judge. 1965: Tucker Frederickson, RB (N.Y. Giants) charged. 1961: Ken Rice, G (Buffalo) tories are celebrated, whose ing its secrets, he has made a for- news outlet that reprinted some of Whether Registo will continue Notre Dame (5) losses are mourned and whose midable enemy. the messages. But, then, Registo was not the to oversee the Pinto trial is less 1973: Walt Patulski, DE (Buffalo) 1957: Paul Hornung, HB (Green Bay) fans hold positions of power in ev- Arrested last year in Hungary That association offered more only judge handling a case in clear. 1950: Leon Hart, E (Detroit) erything from media to banking to ammunition to critics who have which Benfica held an interest 1946: Frank Dancewicz, QB (Boston) and extradited home to Portugal, On Monday, after details of his 1944: Angelo Bertelli, QB (Boston) government. That power, Benfi- Pinto now faces 25 years in prison long bemoaned what they consid- who was later revealed to be a de- links to Benfica were published by Southern Cal (5) 2003: Carson Palmer, QB (Cincinnati) ca’s critics say, affords the club for his hacking, which unearthed ered to be a close relationship be- voted supporter of the club. Portuguese news outlets, and af- 1996: Keyshawn Johnson, WR (N.Y. Jets) and its leaders leverage that ex- not only the secret documents of tween Portugal’s most important Last year, in March, the judge ter Pinto’s lawyers complained, 1977: Ricky Bell, RB (Tampa Bay) 1969: O.J. Simpson, RB (Buffalo) tends far beyond the soccer field. Benfica, but also others related to institutions and Benfica. But it who received the prized Golden Registo wrote to the court of ap- 1968: Ron Yary, T (Minnesota) Ana Gomes, a career diplomat players, prominent agents and was not the first time he had over- Eagle lapel pin, Eduardo Ro- peals asking to be recused. No de- Oklahoma (5) 2019: Kyler Murray, QB (Arizona) turned anticorruption cam- even the office of the country’s at- seen a case closely linked to his fa- drigues Pires, only belatedly cision on his request has yet to be 2018: Baker Mayfield, QB (Cleveland) 2010: Sam Bradford, QB (St. Louis) paigner, said in a recent interview torney general. vorite team. asked to be recused from a case in made. 1980: Billy Sims, RB (Detroit) 1976: Lee Roy Selmon, DE (Tampa Bay) Georgia (4) 2009: Matthew Stafford, QB (Detroit) 1953: Harry Babcock, E (San Francisco) BASEBALL 1945: Charley Trippi, HB (Chicago) 1943: Frank Sinwich, HB (Detroit) Stanford (4) 2012: Andrew Luck, QB (Indianapolis) 1983: John Elway, QB (Baltimore Colts) 1971: Jim Plunkett, QB (New England) 1954: Bobby Garrett, QB (Cleveland) NO. 1 SELECTIONS Red Sox Penalized, but Not Too Badly, for Stealing Signs in 2018 The first choice in the annual N.F.L. selection of college players with team, By TYLER KEPNER sages, photographs and video video, which is prohibited. itor in the replay room, then con- principal owner, and Tom Werner, position and college: 2019 — Kyler Murray, Arizona, QB, The Boston Red Sox on clips and interviewed 65 people — Watkins was said to have “vehe- veyed the information to players. the team chairman, spoke with Oklahoma. including 34 current and former mently denied” the accusations, Another said he believed that 10 fellow major league owners on a 2018 — Baker Mayfield, Cleveland, QB, Wednesday avoided sweeping Oklahoma. penalties in baseball’s second Red Sox players — in the investi- but some players said they sus- percent of Watkins’ sign-se- conference call Wednesday. 2017 — Miles Garrett, Cleveland, DE, gation, which was prompted by a pected him of doing it. Manfred Texas A&M. sign-stealing investigation this quence hints were “obviously” “John and Tom took full respon- 2016 — Jared Goff, Los Angeles Rams, year. report in The Athletic on Jan. 7. said there was no indication that based on in-game video. sibility and apologized to those QB, California. The Athletic also broke the news the activity took place during the 2015 — Jameis Winston, Tampa Bay, QB, They will lose their second- The Red Sox first prompted an guys for what happened,” Ken- Florida State. of the Astros’ more elaborate round pick in the 2020 draft after 2018 postseason, when oppo- M.L.B. investigation in 2017 — the nedy said in a conference call with 2014 — Jadeveon Clowney, Houston scheme in their championship nents’ sequences were too diffi- Texans, DE, South Carolina. Commissioner Rob Manfred de- so-called Apple Watch Incident — reporters. “Tonight, I want to join 2013 — Eric Fisher, Kansas City, OT, season of 2017, including an on- cult to decode. termined that they had cheated in when Watkins illicitly communi- them and apologize to the other Central Michigan. the-record account from the for- “Watkins said that he some- 2012 — Andrew Luck, Indianapolis, QB, 2018 but that their conduct was cated signs via text message to a clubs across the league and also to Stanford. mer Houston pitcher Mike Fiers. times took in-game notes of sign 2011 — Cam Newton, Carolina, QB, “far more limited in scope and im- trainer in the dugout, who would our fans.” Auburn. The Athletic article on the Red Sox then relay those signals to a run- The loss of a second-round pick 2010 — Sam Bradford, St. Louis Rams, pact” than that of the 2017 Hous- did not cite a player by name, and QB, Oklahoma. ton Astros, whose sign-stealing ner on base. Manfred warned then may have greater meaning than 2009 — Matthew Stafford, Detroit, QB, neither did Manfred’s report. that all future infractions would usual this year, because M.L.B. Georgia. scandal roiled the sport early this Manfred said that the players 2008 — Jake Long, Miami, OT, Michigan. year. Boston’s ex-manager mean serious penalties, and in the could limit the draft to five or 10 2007 — JaMarcus Russell, Oakland, QB, had been granted immunity in ex- LSU. investigation report he told the rounds, instead of the usual 40, be- Manfred disciplined only one change for cooperating with the 2006 — Mario Williams, Houston Texans, is suspended for a Red Sox that he expected “strict cause of the circumstances DE, N.C. State. person involved in the Red Sox investigation, but also that “this is 2005 — Alex Smith, San Francisco, QB, scheme, J.T. Watkins, the team’s adherence” to the rules. caused by the industry shutdown Utah. not a case in which I would have different scandal. 2004 — Eli Manning, San Diego, QB, video replay operator, who was otherwise considered imposing Manfred said he factored in response to the coronavirus Mississippi. Watkins’s role in the 2017 incident pandemic. 2003 — Carson Palmer, Cincinnati, QB, suspended without pay for this discipline on players.” Southern Cal. season and forbidden to run the He said that Watkins had de- into the punishment announced For Houston’s wider, more elab- 2002 — David Carr, Houston Texans, QB, information that base runners ob- Fresno State. replay room in 2021. Manfred also coded signs by reviewing video of on Wednesday but absolved other orate cheating, the penalties in- 2001 — Michael Vick, Atlanta, QB, Virginia suspended Alex Cora, who man- tained when they were on second Red Sox personnel despite finding cluded the loss of first- and sec- Tech. prior games and conveying that 2000 — Courtney Brown, Cleveland, DE, aged the Red Sox to the World Se- information in scouting meetings base and reported to him,” the re- that Watkins had continued to ond-round picks in the 2020 and Penn State. port said. “He insisted that any 1999 — Tim Couch, Cleveland, QB, ries title in 2018 and coached for before games. A runner from sec- cheat. The commissioner praised 2021 drafts. Manfred also fined the Kentucky. Houston before that, for a year for notes that he provided to players the team for a “pattern of dili- Astros $5 million and gave one- 1998 — Peyton Manning, Indianapolis, QB, ond base could then communicate Tennessee. his role in the Astros’ cheating — those signs to the hitter via body were based on his pregame ad- gence” and cited several in- year suspensions to General Man- 1997 — Orlando Pace, St. Louis Rams, T, but the commissioner did not pun- vance work or information pro- stances in which the front office ager Jeff Luhnow and Manager Ohio State. movements. All of that is legal and 1996 — Keyshawn Johnson, New York ish Cora for anything related to widely accepted throughout base- vided to him by players during the communicated Manfred’s warn- A.J. Hinch, who were both then Jets, WR, Southern Cal. 1995 — Ki-Jana Carter, Cincinnati, RB, the Red Sox, who fired him in Jan- ball, but Watkins was found to game.” ings and directives to Cora, the fired. An Astros player named in Penn State. uary. have sometimes updated players But one player said that coaching staff and Watkins. the scheme, Carlos Beltran, also 1994 — Dan Wilkinson, Cincinnati, DE, Ohio State. M.L.B. said that it had reviewed during games based on signs he Watkins had decoded a sign se- Sam Kennedy, the team presi- lost his job when the Mets fired 1993 — Drew Bledsoe, New England, QB, thousands of emails, text mes- had decoded while watching live quence while he watched the mon- dent, said that John Henry, the him as their new manager. Washington State. 1992 — Steve Emtman, Indianapolis, DE, Washington. 1991 — Russell Maryland, Dallas, DL, Miami. 1990 — Jeff George, Indianapolis, QB, COLLEGE BASKETBALL Illinois. 1989 — Troy Aikman, Dallas, QB, UCLA. 1988 — Aundray Bruce, Atlanta, LB, Auburn. 1987 — Vinny Testaverde, Tampa Bay, QB, Miami. 1986 — Bo Jackson, Tampa Bay, RB, An Outspoken Coach Calls It a Career Auburn. 1985 — Bruce Smith, Buffalo, DT, Virginia Tech. By BILLY WITZ We don’t have enough women in W.N.B.A., the 2019-20 season 1984 — Irving Fryar, New England, WR, Nebraska. There is much to account for in power.” would be grim. Indeed, the Fight- 1983 — John Elway, Baltimore Colts, QB, As she spoke of young women ing Irish were 13-18 and would Stanford. the coaching career of Muffet Mc- 1982 — Kenneth Sims, New England, DT, Graw: the two national champi- coming-of-age, she described the have seen their 24-year N.C.A.A. Texas. world they were coming into. tournament-qualifying streak 1981 — George Rogers, New Orleans, RB, onships at Notre Dame, the many South Carolina. W.N.B.A. players she groomed, “Men run the world. Men have the come to an end had the event not 1980 — Billy Sims, Detroit, RB, Oklahoma. 1979 — Tom Cousineau, Buffalo, LB, Ohio and the sparring — tactically and power. Men make the decisions. been canceled. But with a strong State. It’s always the man that is the recruiting class for next season, 1978 — Earl Campbell, Houston Oilers, verbally — with Connecticut’s RB, Texas. Geno Auriemma, one unrelenting stronger one,” McGraw said, her she felt much better about step- 1977 — Ricky Bell, Tampa Bay, RB, voice rising. ping away now, she said. Southern Cal. Philadelphian going at another. 1976 — Lee Roy Selmon, Tampa Bay, DE, McGraw, 64, exited college bas- If McGraw had long felt that McGraw will be replaced by one Oklahoma. 1975 — Steve Bartkowski, Atlanta, QB, ketball on Wednesday, stepping way, seeing how many fewer ca- of her former players, Niele Ivey, California. reer opportunities there are for who was spending this season as 1974 — Ed Jones, Dallas, DE, Tennessee aside after 33 years as the wom- State. en’s coach at Notre Dame, where women than men in college athlet- an assistant for the Memphis 1973 — John Matuszak, Houston Oilers, ics, that speech seemed to have Grizzlies. Ivey, 42, played on Notre DE, Tampa. she cemented a Hall of Fame ca- Dame’s championship team in 1972 — Walt Patulski, Buffalo, DE, Notre reer that included 936 victories. awakened something in her. Or at MICHAEL CONROY/ASSOCIATED PRESS Dame. least the reaction did. She heard 2001. Before going to Memphis, 1971 — Jim Plunkett, New England, QB, Still, her defining moment may Muffet McGraw holding the championship trophy after guiding Stanford. have come last April on a stage in from women in a broad variety of she was on McGraw’s staff for 14 1970 — Terry Bradshaw, Pittsburgh, QB, Notre Dame to the title in 2001 with a victory over Purdue. Louisiana Tech. Tampa, Fla. professions, as well as from many seasons. 1969 — O.J. Simpson, Buffalo (AFL), RB, men with young daughters. The coronavirus pandemic only Southern Cal. It was there, at a news confer- 1968 — Ron Yary, Minnesota, T, Southern ence for the women’s Final Four, “I was a little amazed that my reinforced for McGraw that the Cal. 1967 — Bubba Smith, Baltimore Colts, DT, that she used her podium to press speech just kept on going,” Mc- time was right. She has helped or- Michigan State. for more opportunities for women Graw said Wednesday in a news ganize food drives near the cam- 1966 — Tommy Nobis, Atlanta, LB, Texas. 1966 — Jim Grabowski, Miami (AFL), RB, in college sports. Others were do- conference held through video- pus in South Bend, Ind. Illinois. conferencing. “I don’t really know “I can handle not having bas- 1965 — Tucker Frederickson, N.Y. Giants, ing the same at around that time, RB, Auburn. but McGraw all but pounded the where it started from, but it was ketball in my life,” McGraw said. 1965 — Lawrence Elkins, Houston (AFL), WR, Baylor. table when she reiterated a recent something that I think I needed to She plans to remain at Notre 1964 — Dave Parks, San Francisco, WR, vow to never again hire a man as get out, and I was really happy Dame as an adviser to the athletic Texas Tech. 1964 — Jack Concannon, Boston (AFL), an assistant coach. with the response across the coun- director, Jack Swarbrick, and to CO−OPS & CONDOS Dutchess County New Jersey QB, Boston College. “I’m getting tired of the novelty try.” teach classes, and she wants to Houses for Sale 1711 Houses for Sale 1905 1963 — Terry Baker, Los Angeles Rams, MANHATTAN QB, Oregon State. of the first female governor of this It was shortly after, when Notre help women gain leadership roles. 1963 — Buck Buchanan, Kansas City WESTSIDE MENDHAM (AFL), DT, Grambling. state, the first female African- Dame lost its bid for back-to-back Coaching in the W.N.B.A. might Stunning Mid Century Modern (830) 70 miles north of NYC 7.1 Acres, In & Outdoor Pools, 1 Fl Liv- 1962 — Ernie Davis, Washington, RB, American mayor of this city. When championships with a defeat in intrigue her, but she believes it is ing, w/ Finished LL. Minutes from Mor- WEA, 142 No Board Approval ristown,Trains $1,675,000 862-812-0962 Syracuse. is it going to become the norm in- the N.C.A.A. final, that McGraw time for her to do something else. 1962 — Roman Gabriel, Oakland (AFL), LINCOLN TOWERS Private Residential Development: 4 QB, N.C. State. stead of the exception?” she said, began to consider stepping away Might she venture into the polit- Spacious JR 4 1BD with DA facing parcels, private road, 2 new houses, MORRISTOWN 1961 — Tommy Mason, Minnesota, RB, North. Newly reno'd with WTK SS ap- Rhinebeck, NY $755k, Bobcatlane.com Tulane. adding: “We don’t have enough fe- from the game. She decided to ical arena? plic. New hwd floors and marble bath. (845)889-8870 HISTORIC DISTRICT 1961 — Ken Rice, Buffalo (AFL), G, Auburn. Approx. 838 sq.ft Ask: $925,000 1852 Gothic Revival Home Minutes 1960 — Billy Cannon, Los Angeles Rams, male role models. We don’t have stay because she knew that, with “I’m a little too honest for poli- Call 212-787-5500 Brokers welcome from downtown Morristown & trans- RB, LSU. enough visible women leaders. five of her players exiting for the tics,” McGraw said. Offering by Prospectus only portation. $1,075,000 862-812-0962 B12 N THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 K Deirdre Bair, Intrepid Biographer of Beckett and de Beauvoir, Is Dead at 84

By NEIL GENZLINGER graduate school. In 1968 it was her Deirdre Bair, who as an un- turn to go to graduate school; she known writer a half-century ago applied for a writing fellowship, scored a coup by getting the reclu- but rather than take it at nearby sive Samuel Beckett to agree to let Yale University, she chose an in- her write his biography, then se- stitution two hours away. cured the same permission from “I thought, ‘I’d better go to Co- another towering literary figure, lumbia, because what if I fail?’” Simone de Beauvoir, died on Fri- she said in a recent talk at the Free day at her home in New Haven, Library of Philadelphia. “‘I can al- Conn. She was 84. ways say commuting got to be too Her daughter, Katney Bair, said much for me.’” the cause was heart failure. She did not fail; she earned a Ms. Bair called herself “an acci- Ph.D. in comparative literature at dental biographer, one who had Columbia in 1972. By then she had never read a biography before she already had her first meeting with decided that Samuel Beckett Beckett. His first words to her, she needed one and she was the per- wrote in “Parisian Lives,” were, son to write it.” “So you are the one who is going to She came to that decision ser- reveal me for the charlatan that I endipitously. Having received a am.” fellowship to do graduate study at They talked for two hours, the Columbia University, she needed first of many interviews. Beckett, a research subject. After making she wrote, told her near the end of too-slow progress on a medieval- that first session: “I will neither studies topic, she decided to turn help nor hinder you. My friends to a 20th-century author instead. and family will assist you and my She wrote the names of some pos- enemies will find you soon sibilities on index cards. enough.” “Without thinking about which In the 1980s she was back in name might present the best op- Paris interviewing de Beauvoir, portunity for original research,” who, she said, could be mercurial, she said years later, “or even especially if Ms. Bair’s questions which I liked the most, I shuffled ventured into areas that de Beau- them into alphabetical order. voir didn’t want scrutinized. Once, There were no A’s, and Beckett when they had been working to- came first, before Joseph Conrad gether for three years, de Beau- and E.M. Forster. Beckett it shall voir abruptly stopped the inter- be, I said to myself, and that was view and told her to leave. how my life in biography began.” LAVON H. BAIR “She literally shoved me out the She dived into a study of his door of her apartment,” Ms. Bair novels (“Molloy,” “Malone Dies”) said in the Philadelphia talk. “And and plays (“Waiting for Godot,” then I thought: ‘Well, now what do “Happy Days”). “Reading Beck- I do? I’ve invested three years in ett’s work made me want answers to a lot of questions,” she said, “all this book.’ Well, I simply went of which were based on the life back for the next appointment that we had scheduled as if noth- ing had happened, and she treated me exactly as if nothing had hap- pened. And that’s how we Also revealing just worked.” who was Nin and In addition to her other biogra- phies, Ms. Bair wrote “Calling It Jung and Capone. Quits: Late-Life Divorce and Starting Over” (2007), examining the phenomenon of couples who divorced after decades of mar- from which the work sprang.” riage. Although she did not dwell Deciding to attempt a biogra- on it in the book, her own mar- phy, she wrote to Beckett in Paris THOMAS MCDONALD FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES riage had ended after 43 years. from her home in Connecticut in Deirdre Bair, top right, with Simone de Beauvoir in 1984. Her biography of de Beauvoir, like her biography of Samuel Beckett, was In addition to her daughter, Ms. July 1971. written with its subject’s permission. She was asked about Beckett and de Beauvoir so often that she wrote “Parisian Lives,” a memoir Bair is survived by a son, Vonn “The mail between New Haven published last year about her encounters with them. Ms. Bair, above, in 2005. A biography of Saul Steinberg was published in 2012. Scott Bair; a sister, Linda Rankin; and Paris was probably never a brother, Vince Bartolotta; and a again as swift as it was during that granddaughter. It was published in 1990. People asked her about Beckett very nice, but please just tell us and he said, ‘You let my daughter exchange,” she said. “A week to Ms. Bair told The Times Union “To Ms. Bair’s credit,” Herbert and de Beauvoir so often that she what Beckett and Beauvoir were read anything she wants,’” she the day after I mailed my letter, I of Albany in 1995 that the only re- Mitgang wrote in a review in The wrote a book about her experi- really like.’” said in the film. “So the next week received his reply.” sponse to her biography she re- New York Times, “her book isn’t ences as their biographer: “Pari- Deirdre Bartolotta was born on I came home with ‘Forever Am- To her shock, Beckett was ame- ceived from Beckett, who died in just a love letter but a fair-minded sian Lives: Samuel Beckett, Si- June 21, 1935, in Pittsburgh to Vin- ber,’ which was that generation’s nable. “Any biographical informa- 1989, was a brief note: “Dear Mrs. tion I possess is at your disposal,” and often skeptical appraisal of mone de Beauvoir, and Me,” pub- cent and Helen (Kruki) Bar- dirty book.” lished last year. Bair: Seems a very handsome he wrote. Beauvoir’s life. At the end, I found tolotta. She grew up in nearby Mo- She graduated from the Univer- myself respecting but not always “The original idea was to write nongahela. In “One Extraordi- sity of Pennsylvania in 1957 with a looking book.” “If you come to Paris,” he add- liking Beauvoir and her circle be- something primarily for scholars nary Street,” a documentary video degree in English and set her De Beauvoir died in 1986, before ed, “I will see you.” cause of the heavy cloak of arro- and writers that would cover all about the unusual number of sights on a career in journalism. Ms. Bair’s biography was pub- Years of interviews and re- gance they wove around them- my biographies,” Ms. Bair wrote prominent people who grew up on While her husband, Lavon Bair, lished. In the book, the author re- search followed before “Samuel selves.” in that book, “to concentrate on or near Park Avenue there, she whom she had married during her called what turned out to be her fi- Beckett: A Biography” appeared The Times Book Review named the decisions I made when dealing spoke of being an enthusiastic senior year, was serving with the nal meeting with de Beauvoir. in 1978. The paperback release it one of the best books of the year. with structure and content, or reader as a girl, so much so that by Sixth Fleet, she followed him Their other sessions had always won a National Book Award in Ms. Bair later wrote biogra- how I worked in foreign archives fifth grade she had become bored around the globe and worked as a ended with a handshake. 1981. phies of the writer Anaïs Nin and languages, or how I dealt with with books for young readers. stringer for Newsweek. “This time,” she wrote, “tiny Her biography of Simone de (1995), the psychiatrist Carl Jung reluctant heirs and troublesome She tried to check out adult fare When they settled in New Ha- woman that she was, she reached Beauvoir (author of “The Second (2003), the illustrator Saul Stein- estates. Each time I suggested from the local library, but the li- ven, she was a reporter for The up out and half embraced me, tall Sex,” among other books) was berg (2012) and the gangster Al this possible project, even to fel- brarian would not let her, prompt- New Haven Register, raising their woman that I am, by placing her also years in the making and writ- Capone (2016), but her first two low biographers or academics, the ing her to complain to her father. two young children and support- hands around my upper arms and ten with its subject’s cooperation. books remained her calling cards. response was always, ‘That’s all “He went down to the library, ing her husband while he was in giving me a brisk shake.”

Virginia Savage McAlester, an Virginia Savage McAlester, 76, architectural historian, in 2013. The first edition of her ‘Queen of Dallas Preservation’ book “A Field Guide to Ameri- can Houses,” published in By PENELOPE GREEN cause of who she was and the es- 1984, was more than 500 Virginia Savage McAlester, an teem the entire city had for her,” pages long. The 2013 revised architectural historian, author he said. edition clocked in at over 900. and preservationist who was “There was tremendous back- bone to her,” he added. “And a pro- widely known as the “Queen of surgeon. Building on her mother’s found sense of decency and care Dallas Preservation,” died on efforts, she helped create a fund to for the environment as expressed April 9 in Dallas. She was 76. buy and renovate threatened in its buildings and its history.” The cause was complications of houses in the area, and lobbied to a stem cell transplant in 2013 to It was her 1984 book, “A Field make the neighborhood a historic treat her myelofibrosis, a chronic Guide to American Houses,” writ- district. It became one in 1973. form of leukemia, her partner, ten with her second husband, A. Ms. McAlester was a founder of Steve Clicque, said. Lee McAlester, a geologist, that Preservation Dallas, which has Born and raised in Dallas, Ms. made her a household name helped designate more than 4,000 McAlester was an early organizer ago, when she asked him to join a local landmarks, and Friends of of efforts to landmark her city’s protest against Albertsons, the Fair Park, which raised $200 mil- historic neighborhoods. Her deli- large supermarket chain. “She lion to protect that park’s 277 cate looks and soft voice belied the An activist who was said, ‘Come and wear this red acres from development and to re- fact that she was a formidable op- badge that says “No” and stand in store its Art Deco buildings. In ponent and a powerful activist in a as much a landmark the middle of this vacant lot with 2014, she was given the key to the town where demolition and devel- as the neighborhoods us,’” Mr. Clicque said. “It was one city; in 2019, Southern Methodist opment are still a religion. of her successes.” University awarded her an hon- “It looked like an episode of she championed. A developer and contractor, Mr. orary doctorate. ‘This Old House’ crossed with Clicque went on to take photo- Both of her marriages ended in ‘Cops’ with a little civil disobedi- graphs for Ms. McAlester’s books. divorce. In addition to Mr. Clicque ence thrown in,” is how a local TV (In addition to the “Field Guide,” and her daughter, Ms. McAlester station described Ms. McAlester’s among preservationists and ar- she wrote or co-wrote a number of is survived by her sister, Dorothy protests in 2004 to save a dilapi- chitecture buffs. The “Field books on architecture.) Savage; her son, Carty Talking- dated Sears Craftsman-style kit Guide” was a joyfully exhaustive, A fourth-generation Dallas resi- ton; and two stepchildren, Mar- house in the Swiss Avenue His- truly egalitarian encyclopedia of dent, Virginia Savage was born on tine McAlester and Keven McAl- toric District, the first neighbor- the country’s architecture that en- May 13, 1943, to Wallace and Doro- ester. hood she worked to preserve. Her compassed stately Victorians, thy Savage. Her father was a law- Noting that Ms. McAlester’s daughter, Amy Talkington, re- Cape Cod saltboxes and humble yer who became mayor of Dallas. death occurred while much of the called spending much of her child- ranch houses — a feat of classifi- Her mother was a preservationist world is sheltering in place, Peter hood in her mother’s station wag- cation in more than 500 pages. in her own right, buying up aban- Simek, the arts editor of D Maga- on, parked in vacant lots and It was revised by Ms. McAles- doned properties on Swiss Ave- zine, a Dallas monthly, wrote that blocking flotillas of bulldozers. ter in 2013 to include contempo- LAURE JOLIET FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES nue, where the family lived, to pro- one way to pay homage to her leg- Mark Lamster, the architecture rary styles like Millennial Man- tect them from being razed. acy was to practice what he called critic of The Dallas Morning sion (her term for a McMansion), in America and identify the style, country cataloging houses. This After graduating from Harvard “wakeful wandering” and cele- News, said that Ms. McAlester and clocked in at over 900 pages. age and component parts of each often led to confrontations with University in 1965 with a degree in brate the architectural details that was as much of a Dallas landmark “If you had the arm strength to and every home you pass.” the police, who tried to stop her architectural sciences, Ms. McAl- make each neighborhood unique. as the neighborhoods she champi- carry the ‘Field Guide’ every- To research the book, Ms. McAl- from taking photos. More often ester moved back to Dallas — to a She recognized “that homes do oned. “When she came out and where,” wrote Alexandra Lange, ester loaded the family into a than not, Mr. Clicque said, “You house on Swiss Avenue, as it hap- more than shelter us,” Mr. Simek said something, the whole politi- the architecture critic at Curbed, brown, shag-carpeted Good couldn’t say no to Virginia.” pened — with her first husband, wrote. “They reflect and inform cal establishment stopped be- “you could walk down any street Times van and crisscrossed the The couple met two decades Clement Talkington, a vascular who we are.” THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N B13 Shirley Knight, 83, Who Won 3 Emmys And a Tony in a Prolific Career, Is Dead

By NEIL GENZLINGER and Mr. Torn,” Mr. Brantley wrote. Two years later Ms. Knight was Shirley Knight, who in a long “Both actors, who flared brightly nominated again in the same cate- film, television and stage career among the constellation of young gory, for her performance in earned two Oscar nominations Method-steeped stars who “Sweet Bird of Youth,” based on a while still in her 20s, won a Tony emerged in the 1950s and ’60s, Tennessee Williams play. (Patty Award in 1975 and later garnered have been seen only infrequently Duke won for “The Miracle three Emmy Awards, died on on New York stages of late. And Worker.”) Wednesday in San Marcos, Texas. it’s as if they have somehow been Paul Newman, Geraldine Page She was 83. storing up and nurturing both the and other stars of “Sweet Bird,” She was at the home of her force and the finesse that this pro- Ms. Knight said, “seemed to know daughter Kaitlin Hopkins when duction requires.” something that I didn’t know.” she died, Ms. Hopkins confirmed. Shirley Enola Knight was born They urged her to go to New York She did not specify a cause. on July 5, 1936, in Goessel, Kan. and study with Lee Strasberg; on Ms. Knight’s first Emmy came Her father, Noel, was in the oil their recommendation she was ac- in 1988 for a guest appearance on business, and her mother, Virginia cepted into his Actors Studio. “Thirtysomething.” She won two (Webster) Knight, was a home- That training led to her Broad- more in 1995, one for a guest role maker. She did her first film work way debut in 1964 in a production on “NYPD Blue” and one for “In- well before she was in the acting of Chekhov’s “Three Sisters” di- business — as an extra in the 1955 rected by Mr. Strasberg. She film “Picnic,” which was shot near played Irina; Ms. Page and Kim her hometown. Stanley portrayed the other two After taking a series of Ms. Knight’s earliest show- sisters. MGM serious roles, turning business aspiration was to be a Ms. Knight had two more Clockwise from top: Shirley Knight and Paul Newman in “Sweet Bird of Youth.” Her work in singer, perhaps in opera. While a Broadway credits in the 1960s. the 1962 film earned her an Oscar nomination. Ms. Knight, second from right, after receiving up in comedies like junior at Wichita State University, Then, in 1975, came her Tony-win- a best-actress Tony Award in 1976 for her performance in “Kennedy’s Children.” Other win- she decided that some acting ning turn in “Kennedy’s Children,” ners, from left, were Edward Hermann, Carole Bishop and Sammy Williams. In 1997, the year ‘Paul Blart: Mall Cop.’ skills might help advance that a play featuring six characters in a goal. So, answering an advertise- bar who, speaking only in mono- she made her last Broadway appearance, in Horton Foote’s “The Young Man From Atlanta.” ment in Theater Arts Magazine, logues, conjure the 1960s. Ms. she bought herself a six-week Knight’s character, a would-be dictment: The McMartin Trial,” course at the Pasadena Playhouse sexpot named Carla, envisions an HBO docudrama in which she in California. herself as a successor to Marilyn played the administrator of a pre- There she discovered an ability Monroe. school where abuse was alleged to to cry on cue, which she employed “Miss Knight,” Kevin Kelly have taken place. during a stage production. A scout wrote in The Boston Globe, “as the She had scores of television for the Kurt Frings Agency, an im- most beautiful of Kennedy’s chil- credits, in 1960s shows like “The portant Hollywood concern at the dren, the generation spawned Outer Limits,” “The Fugitive” and time, was impressed, and she was symbolically by the late president, “The Virginian,” and in later se- hired as a contract player at is startling in her analysis that ries like “Murder, She Wrote,” Warner Bros., leading to televi- she, like 50 million other beautiful “Matlock” and “Ally McBeal.” sion roles in the late 1950s. girls, are nothing but images man- The many films on her résumé After some months she was told ufactured by the media, prepack- include Francis Ford Coppola’s to go see Delbert Mann, who was aged beauties, soulless and skid- “The Rain People” (1969), in directing a film, “The Dark at the ding after empty dreams.” which she played (alongside Top of the Stairs,” that called for a The highlights of Ms. Knight’s James Caan and Robert Duvall) a teenage girl, a part the young- film career included “Dutchman” pregnant Long Island housewife looking Ms. Knight could still play, (1966), based on an Amiri Baraka who takes off on a cross-country though she was in her 20s. play about a confrontation with SARA KRULWICH/THE NEW YORK TIMES ASSOCIATED PRESS odyssey of self-discovery. “I got the job,” she said in a 2014 racial overtones between an un- Ms. Knight was most recently talk at the Screen Actors Guild stable white woman and a black husband, the writer John R. Hop- for serious roles, Ms. Knight among young males. on Broadway in 1997 opposite Rip Foundation, “and I guess I was man. Among her favorite projects, kins, died in 1998. In addition to turned up in comedies as well, in- “I forgot about it because it’s Torn in Horton Foote’s “The OK, because they nominated me she said, was “The Lie,” a 1973 her daughter Ms. Hopkins, from cluding “Paul Blart: Mall Cop” about 10 years old,” she said. “So Young Man From Atlanta,” which for an Oscar.” television movie, written by Ing- her first marriage, she is survived (2009) and its sequel (2015). And what happens is, I’m walking Ben Brantley, in his review in The The nomination was for best ac- mar Bergman, about a troubled by another daughter, Sophie then there was “Grandma’s Boy” down the street in New York and New York Times, called “one of tress in a supporting role. The marriage. Jacks, from her second marriage, (2006), which, in a 2014 interview kids of, let’s say, 12, 13, 15, 18, film the season’s happier surprises. statuette went to a different Ms. Knight married the and a stepdaughter, Justine Hop- with Digital Journal, she de- me on their machines. They hold “A lot of this has to do with the Shirley — Shirley Jones — for producer Eugene Persson in 1959; kins. scribed as “ridiculously naughty.” up their iPhones and say, ‘I got galvanic presence of Ms. Knight “Elmer Gantry.” they divorced in 1969. Her second Although she was best known It apparently has a following you! I got you!’”

Writing dramatic Rubem Fonseca, 94, a Giant of Brazilian Literature crime stories that were By MICHAEL ASTOR vate detectives, and his stories’ were adapted for film and TV. along the beach wearing dark full of frank eroticism. Rubem Fonseca, one of Brazil’s unflinching depiction of crimes of His most popular novel, “A glasses and a ball cap. Still, he leading literary figures whose passion and pettiness could be as Grande Art,” was the basis for the generally refused to give inter- flinty, obscenity-laden crime lyrical as they were cruel. director Walter Salles’ first fea- views and shied away from pho- Regardless, he ran afoul of the stories were seen as dark meta- “I wrote 30 books, all of them ture film, “The Knife,” in 1991. Mr. tographers, styling himself after military regime in 1975, when his phors for the rot in Brazilian soci- filled with obscenities,” the reclu- Fonseca’s most critically ac- Thomas Pynchon, with whom he book of short stories “Feliz Ano ety, died on April 15 in Rio de Ja- sive Mr. Fonseca said in one of his claimed novel, “Agosto,” which de- was reportedly friendly. rare speeches. “We writers can’t picts a series of crimes that culmi- Mr. Fonseca did speak briefly Novo” (“Happy New Year”) was neiro. He was 94. banned. The country’s education discriminate against words. It nate with the suicide of a Brazilian before TV cameras in 2013, when His death, at Samaritano Hospi- minister described it as a “literary doesn’t make sense for a writer to president, was made into a mini- he celebrated his 50th year as a tal, came after a heart attack, the obscenity.” say, ‘I can’t say that,’ unless you’re series for Globo TV. writer by opening a small library hospital said. The book, which had been a best writing children’s books. Every Mr. Fonseca’s 1986 novel, “Bufo he had built for Rio de Janeiro Over more than a half-century, seller, was rereleased in Brazil in word has to be used.” & Spallanzani,” which tells the transit workers. Mr. Fonseca wrote terse short 1986, three years after the dicta- stories, novels and screenplays Many readers enjoyed his story of a popular novelist who be- “Long live work,” he told the torship ended. that titillated and shocked Brazil- stories for their dramatic crime comes the principal suspect in a gathered workers. “Long live In addition to his son, Mr. Fon- and frank eroticism, but his fiction murder, was a major best seller in reading!” ians with their seamy content. DAVID DE LA PAZ/SHUTTERSTOCK seca is survived by two other chil- His first collection of stories, also captured a deeper unease in Brazil that achieved even wider José Rubem Fonseca was born Rubem Fonseca in 2003. “I dren, Maria and Jose Alberto. His renown when it was made into a “Os Prisoneiros” (“The Pris- Brazil as the country was finding on May 11, 1925, in Juiz de Fora, a wrote 30 books, all of them wife, Thea, died in 1997. its footing in a turbulent period. movie in 2001 directed by Flavio city in Minas Gerais state. His oners”), published in 1963, was no- filled with obscenities,” he In 2003, Mr. Fonseca was table for its shift in setting, from At the time, Mr. Fonseca was Tambellini and starring some of parents, Alberto Augusto Fonseca once said. “We writers can’t awarded the Camoes prize, the the rural countryside that Brazil- the Brazilian writer most obvi- Brazil’s top novella stars. and Julieta Mattos Soares, were highest literary honor in the Por- ian fiction had tended to favor to ously influenced by American lit- A screenplay for “Man of the Portuguese immigrants. The fam- discriminate against words.” tuguese language, sponsored by an urban milieu, reflecting the erature and American movies. Be- Year,” which Mr. Fonseca adapted ily moved to Rio when he was 7. the governments of Brazil and country’s transformation from a ing a best-selling author can be a from a novel by Patricia Melo and After studying law, Mr. Fonseca He left the police in 1958 and Portugal. And in 2015 he won the largely agricultural economy to a paltry distinction in Brazil, where which was directed by his son, became a police officer in 1952, was later director of Brazil’s Insti- Brazilian Academy of Letters’ Ma- heavily industrial one. relatively few people read and a Jose Henrique Fonseca, found working mostly in public relations tute for Social Studies and Re- chado de Assis prize. His accept- Mr. Fonseca was a former po- normal press run is only a few success outside Brazil. for the police department. In 1953, search, which supported a mili- ance speech was characteristi- lice official who used his real-life thousand copies. But in a country Though protective of his pri- he was one of nine officers chosen tary coup in 1964 and the ensuing cally brief. experience as literary fodder. His reputed to have more television vacy, Mr. Fonseca was a familiar to spend a year at New York Uni- regime. He later denied that he “I am an idiosyncratic man,” he narrators tended to be police in- sets than refrigerators, he sealed presence in Rio’s Leblon district, versity studying business admin- had backed the coup, although told the academy, “and idiosyn- spectors, criminal lawyers or pri- his fame when many of his works where he could be spotted walking istration. documents suggested otherwise. crasies don’t explain themselves.”

Deaths Deaths Deaths Deaths Deaths Deaths Deaths

ADLER—Michele. person of consummate taste On June 23, 1956, she married and Blind Brook school dis- accounts for the many rela- Adler, Michele Linder, Mary Rechtzeit, Frances ly grateful to have exper- UJA-Federation of New York and a true champion of arts William J. Manning, an attor- tricts, and was a past pres- tionships he had developed ienced so many different mourns the passing of and culture. An enthusiastic ney with Simpson Thacher & ident of the Scarsdale Board over the years. He ultimately Bromberg, Naomi Manning, Maryanne Schlactus, Howard countries and cultures. She Michele Adler, beloved sister supporter of our PBS series Bartlett. They enjoyed a won- of Education. Her community became a full-time money Buch, Rene Mark, Joan Simon, Laura Lee spoke four languages fluently and sister-in-law of our dear “Great Performances” and derful life together and trav- and volunteer activities were manager, a role he retained and was renowned for her friends David and Arlene our local Off - Broadway eled extensively. William died numerous, including Citizens' until his retirement in 2017. Hoffee, John McMahon, James Xhema, Mrika photographic memory. Mrika Horowitz, whose generosity showcase “Theater Close- in 1997. Maryanne had exqui- Committee for Children, New His clients viewed him as Krieger, Steven Pearl, Richard loved American cinema and and unwavering commit- Up,” John was a great friend site taste and loved NYC. Ma- Alternatives for Children, both a trusted adviser and a had an encyclopedic know- ment to our community help to public media who believed ryanne was a championship WISE, and Westchester Re- valued friend. During his ledge of the genre and was a the arts not only belonged form Temple. After an exem- jazz aficionado as well. Mrika us serve those in need. We level bridge player and an more than five decades with day, April, 21, 2020. In lieu of 1969, where she served as Ex- to everyone, they should be plary career in education, always had a distinct under- extend our heartfelt con- avid golfer (hole in one on #7 First Manhattan Co., Dick de- flowers, donations can be ecutive Secretary of Xhema available to everyone. We Joan enjoyed traveling, eve- standing of fashion, jewelry dolences to the entire family. at Westhampton Country veloped a close working rela- made to a charity of your Industries, owned by her hus- extend our deepest sym- ry pursuit of her grandchild- and interior design, some- Amy A. B. Bressman, Club). She was an artist and tionship with many of his col- choice. To contact the family, band Jim, who she met in Bel- pathy to John's husband, ren, and her wide circle of thing she studied in her early President; loved to sing. Maryanne was leagues. He was an integral please visit: grade, where they were both Larry Condon, and to all the friends. A memorial service years. Even in the last years David L. Moore, known for her quick wit, ele- part of the “First Manhattan ballarddurand.com/obit/ educated. Mrs. Xhema was a Mertz Trust family. will be held at a future date. of her life she was always Chair of the Board; gance and for hosting gather- Family” and his infectious howard-sheldon-schlactus. devout Catholic and a mem- Joan's family would be grate- dressed for the occasion of- Eric S. Goldstein, CEO ings at her home. Maryanne smile, perseverance and “can ber of Saint Mary Church in HOFFEE—John. ful for contributions to the ten meeting friends out for raised her family in Garden do” attitude will be missed. SIMON—Laura Lee, Greenwich, where she was The Joyce Theater Founda- Joan A. Mark Literacy Fund lunch, dinner or shopping to BROMBERG—Naomi. City, New York. She is sur- We offer our condolences to 90. Lifelong advocate for noted for her kindness and tion is deeply saddened by at New Alternatives for lift her spirits. As her health April 21, 2020 - Nomi - My first vived by her six children, Wil- Dick's daughters, Jennifer children and families, foun- philanthropy. She was recog- the passing of John Hoffee, Children in New York. declined in her final days, she memory of you - working full- liam J. Manning, Jr. (Cyn- and Merrie, and to his family der and longtime Chair of nized many, many times for beloved spouse of Larry E. was still impeccably dressed time yet always having time thia); Michael P. Manning and friends. CT Commission on Children, her generosity, especially for Condon. As Trustees of the every day, even though some to shop with Lisa in Bloom- (Tara); Maura Comerford McMAHON—Dr. James Chair of CT Public Television, her significant donation to the LuEsther T. Mertz Charitable of those days she could not ingdales on Saturday, a per- (Frank), Marian Adams Died on April 19, 2020, in his advisor extraordinaire to new construction of the Cath- Trust, John and Larry have leave the house. Mrika Pecaj fectly kept home, a great (Chris); John Augustine Man- home in Manhattan with fa- Stepping Stones Museum for edral of Saint Mother Teresa generously supported dance RECHTZEIT—Frances Xhema is survived by her laugh, and always driving a ning (Carol), and Mary Eli- mily by his side. He was 83. Children, leader of many oth- in Pristina, Kosovo which was for decades as well as music (Frankie), husband Jim Xhema and a very cool red sports car. zabeth Kade (Tom). She was James was born in the Bronx er organizations in Westport built after the US led war in and theater, human and civil Born June 26, 1921, died large, proud family through- Great memories of times known as Peach to her 16 and graduated from Xavier (home for 60 years) and 1999. She was considered by rights, parks and open space, peacefully in her sleep in out the tri-state area. She left spent on Links Drive. grandchildren: Michaela, Wil- High School, Fordham Uni- around Connecticut. She died friends and parishioners as “a and environmental protec- Manhattan. She will be buried us peacefully, surrounded by Michael liam III, Jacqueline, Alexan- versity and Adelphi Universi- April 22 in White Plains, fol- very charitable and giving tion benefiting all New in MT. Hebron Cemetery her husband and friends dra, Jack, Michelle, Francis, ty's Psychology graduate lowing a long decline. Prede- person who never had a bad Yorkers. We extend heartfelt next to her beloved husband, while listening to Jazz. (Due BUCH—Rene. Madeline, Brendan, Caroline, program. He was a talented ceased by John, her devoted word to say about anyone.” condolences to Larry, and Jack. She will be missed by to social distancing regula- Maggie, Kelsey, Julia, Sarah, Psychologist and Psychother- husband of 65 years. Survived One of her former doctors their families, friends, and her daughter's, Rochelle and tions during this difficult time, Kathryn and Carly. Memorial apist, and published author of by her children, Terri, James once described her faith as Mertz Trust colleagues. Susan; grandchildren, An- only a private Catholic burial donations may be made to four books. Loving husband and Andrew Simon, her “quantum,” and she main- Virginia A. Millhiser, drew and Caron; great and will take place. A full funeral Little Flower Children and to Lijuan Niu, who devotedly brother, Michael Reeder, sev- tained this devotion to faith Board Chair; great-great-grandchildren. mass and celebration of life Family Services, 2450 North and tirelessly cared for him in en grandchildren and a great- daily, even consulting with Linda Shelton, will be scheduled as soon as Wading River Road, Wading life and throughout his illness. granddaughter. her childhood priest via video Executive Director permitted.) In lieu of flowers, River, NY 11792. Loving father of five children conference from Tivar, Mon- XHEMA—Mrika. please make a donation in KRIEGER—Steven. and eight grandchildren, he SCHLACTUS—Howard S., tenegro, most recently, to also leaves behind his sister, Mrika Xhema's name to UNI- Our hearts go out to Dotty, passed away on Saturday, help her through the final Patricia O'Kane, and eight CEF or Save the Children; Mitchell, Kate, Evan, Stepha- April 18, 2020 at his home at days of her life. Despite her nieces and nephews. He two of her favorite charities. nie. Grandchildren Miles, An- the age of 85. He was born long illness, Mrs. Xhema was wrote to us, “I loved all of you nabelle and Phoebe. We lost MARK—Joan Adler, July 6, 1934 to Henry and Mae always happy and optimistic, always and never took my a good friend, brother-in-law, 89 years old of White Plains, (Cohen) Schlactus in Brook- possessing a unique, distinc- arms from around you. I have In Memoriam uncle. Rest in peace. NY, died April 20. She was the lyn, NY. He is survived by his tive quality that positively af- had a wonderful life and you Phyllis, Bernie, mother of John (Susan), the beloved wife, Barbara (Rach- fected everyone around her. have all been the best part.” Michael, Maurley, late Bruce (Jackie) and man), his devoted children, Friends always cited her GOLDSTEIN—Andrew Ours hearts are broken and Adam and Trish grandmother of Willie, Peter (Jennifer), Ellen (Cyril) wonderful sense of humor Justin. Rebecca, Justin, Annie and we love and miss you so very Darensbourg, and David (Sta- and dry wit. A close friend re- Dec. 15, 1992 - April 23, 2018 The Board of Directors of Re- LINDER—Mary Ellen, Andrew Gevertz; stepmother much. We will carry you with cy), and his cherished grand- cently described Mrs. Xhema Two years without you and pertorio Espanol deeply age 88. Wry, wise, elegant, of Nancy Mark Honig us every day. Unitarian cere- children, Josh and Abby as “an exceptional woman: our hearts remain shattered, mourns Founding Artistic Di- loving. My treasured friend. (Larry), Carol Mark (John) mony and gathering to be Schlactus, Hannah and An- the embodiment of dignity, little man. The love we have rector Rene Buch who Deborah Hautzig and Harvey Mark, step- held at a later time. thony Darensbourg, and Ari, gentility, intelligence and for you is eternal. Mommy, passed peacefully at home grandmother of Emily (Aa- Shelby, Daniel and Coby beauty.” The last years of her Daddy, Ian and Arielle, twin on Sunday. His contribution MANNING—Maryanne. ron) and Charles, and step- PEARL—Richard A. Schlactus. He was prede- life were difficult as she Alyssa, Stephanie, and all to the theatrical mosaic in Maryanne Manning of Jupi- great-grandmother of Mark. First Manhattan Co. mourns ceased by his two brothers, battled illness, yet she never those who knew and remem- New York was immeasurable ter, Florida and Westhamp- Joan was predeceased by her the passing of Richard Pearl, Robert and Gilbert. He proud- complained or showed any ber you. I believe you and I Mrika Xhema, a longtime self-pity whatsoever. During could never really say good- ton Beach, New York. Sep- husband Stanley Mark, and our longtime partner, col- ly graduated City College of resident of Greenwich, CT, with his love for classical and tember 2, 1932 to April 18, former husband Allan league and friend. Dick joined New York (1955) with a de- her healthy years, Mrika bye, Wherever you may be, passed away at her home on loved to socialize and travel I'll look up and see, someone contemporary playwrights. 2020. Gevertz. Joan leaves two sis- the Firm at its inception in gree in Accounting. He joined Friday, April 17, 2020 at Our deepest condolences to Born in Brooklyn, Maryanne ters, Nancy Adler Morrill and 1964. He eventually headed his father's insurance broker- with her husband and their in the dark for me. 10:00pm. Mrs. Xhema was many friends. Mrika felt his family, Maria Margarita, was one of nine children born Susan Adler Kaplan. Joan the firm's Institutional Sales age firm, which he eventually born in Livari, Montenegro Ernesto Antonio, Leonel and to Thomas and Marian Cul- retired after 24 years at Pace Department and in 1976 be- took over and developed blessed that she saw so much LEIB—Gordon Buchanan. on February 24, 1946 and of the world and was sincere- Enid as well as to his entire len. Maryanne enjoyed Bree- University, where she served came a Partner, a position he over a career spanning more moved to the United States in 11/27/23-4/23/18. Repertorio family. zy Point and Coney Island in as Executive Director of held for several decades. than 60 years, devoting him- To you always loved - her youth. The family moved Cooperative Education and During his tenure in the Insti- self to his family and business forever missed... Me HOFFEE—John. to Garden City, NY and Ma- Career Services. A graduate tutional Sales Department, clients, and pioneering spe- The Board of Trustees, staff, ryanne was in the inaugural of Wellesley College, she was Dick hired and mentored cial protections for the delive- WEINRAUCH—Harry, MD. and volunteers of WNET are class that attended St. Joseph class president until the time many colleagues who, like ry industry and its workers. A life well lived. Thinking of saddened by the passing of School grades one through of her death; she earned her him, became significant con- His son Peter joined the firm you always with love and ad- John Hoffee, Trustee of the eight. She attended Garden Master's degree at the Bank tributors to the firm. As the in 1993 and worked alongside miration, especially on this LuEsther T. Mertz Charitable City High School 1950 and Ma- Street School of Education. firm's business shifted to in- him until Howard retired in first Yahrzeit. Trust. Intelligent, kindhearted rymount College 1954 in Tar- Joan worked as a career vestment management, Dick 2018. A private funeral was Roslyn, Michael, and considerate, John was a rytown, New York. counselor in the Scarsdale also gravitated to managing held in New York on Tues- Susanne, James B14 N THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 Thomas L. Miller, 79, Hit-Making TV Producer

By NEIL GENZLINGER Garry Marshall, the noted producer and director, was talking about the best-known character in one of his best-known television shows. “I always wanted a tall Italian boy,” he said in an oral history re- corded in 2000 for the Television Academy. Instead it was a 5- foot-6-inch Jew named Henry Winkler who ended up playing the Fonz on “Happy Days,” a portray- al so distinctive that what had FRANK CARROLL/NBCU PHOTO BANK been envisioned as a supporting Thomas L. Miller in 1985. role became one of the most recog- nizable characters in television and “Family Matters” (1989-98). history. Some producers are less hands- The man responsible for that on once a TV series is launched, casting leap of faith was one of Mr. but Mr. Winkler said Mr. Miller Marshall’s fellow executive had been an active presence on producers on the series, Thomas “Happy Days.” L. Miller. “He was there at every shoot,” “Tom Miller was the whole key Mr. Winkler said. “He was part of to casting Henry Winkler,” Mr. the family, and a creative part. He Marshall said in the oral history. was there in the editing room. He Mr. Winkler, who was an unknown knew where to put the violins for when he auditioned for the role in the emotional moments.” 1973, concurred. “He understood the audience,” “Tom took me to makeup, Mr. Winkler added, “and then, if plucked my unibrow, told me what you had a problem, he understood to do,” he said in a phone inter- you.” view. And it was Mr. Miller who Thomas Lee Miller was born on called him that October — on his Aug. 31, 1940, in Milwaukee to Ed- birthday, no less — and told him he ward and Shirley Miller. He had won the role. He had only just earned a bachelor’s degree in arrived in Los Angeles from the drama and speech in 1962 at the East Coast. University of Wisconsin at Madi- “Two weeks into my stay, I hit son, then set out for Los Angeles, the jackpot,” Mr. Winkler said. RAPHAEL DIAS/GETTY IMAGES where he worked for the director Moraes Moreira in Rio de Janeiro in 2016. His career began in the late 1960s, and he had been planning a concert this year. “And a lot of it was thanks to Tom, Billy Wilder on “Irma la Douce” who made sure that I came across (1963), “The Fortune Cookie” with the right image, and Garry, (1966) and other films. who changed his mind about the After four years with Mr. Wild- character.” Moraes Moreira, Brazilian Songwriter, Dies at 72 er, he developed TV shows at 20th Mr. Miller, who produced doz- Century Fox, then became a vice ens of other TV shows, including By JON PARELES ity. He helped nationally popular- partnership that led to the forma- Revolta dos Ritmos.” He released president of development at Para- “Perfect Strangers” and “Full mount Studios before embarking Moraes Moreira, an exuber- ize the Bahian carnival tradition tion of Os Novos Baianos in 1968; his last album of new songs, “Ser House,” died on April 5 in Salis- called trio elétrico (electric-guitar it also included the guitarist Tão,” in 2018. (The name means on his producing career, founding antly prolific Brazilian songwriter bury, Conn. He was 79. a production company with Ed- who fused the regional traditions bands riding on trucks), and Pepeu Gomes and the singers “be so” and is also a pun on sertão, The cause was heart disease, through the decades he also drew Baby Consuelo and Paulinho Boca Brazil’s rural northeastern re- ward K. Milkis. Miller-Milkis Pro- of his home state, Bahia, with an Warner Bros. Television, which ductions joined with Mr. Marshall, on psychedelia, funk, orchestral de Cantor. They moved from Sal- gion.) After all Mr. Moreira’s styl- ever-changing array of styles in a had worked with the production who died in 2016, to produce career that stretched from the late arrangements, electronic music vador to São Paulo to Rio de Janei- istic fusions and technological ex- company run by Mr. Miller and ro, living and working as a hippie periments, “Ser Tão” revisited the “Happy Days” (which was set in 1960s through the 2010s, died on and rap, as well as Brazilian styles Robert L. Boyett, said in a state- Mr. Miller’s hometown) and “La- April 13 at his home in Rio de Ja- like samba, baião, frevo and afoxé. commune and writing songs un- guitar- and accordion-driven ment. der the influence of marijuana and styles he had grown up hearing in verne & Shirley.” neiro. He was 72. The bossa nova master João Mr. Miller was not generally LSD, Mr. Moreira told interview- Bahia. Mr. Boyett eventually joined the His son Davi Moraes said the Gilberto, an early mentor of Os known for the kinds of ground- ers. Mr. Moreira often performed group, and in the mid-1980s, after cause was a heart attack. breaking shows that draw critical He left Os Novos Baianos and with his son Davi, a guitarist, who Mr. Milkis’s departure, the com- Mr. Moreira was the main com- released his first solo album, survives him, along with another pany became Miller-Boyett Pro- poser in Os Novos Baianos (the called simply “Moraes Moreira,” son, Ari Moreira; a daughter, Ma- ductions. Miller-Boyett shows, in- New Bahians), whose early 1970s ‘A cowboy of sound’ in 1975. Through the 1970s, ’80s ria Cecilia Moraes; and three cluding “Full House” and “Family albums were both hits and cultur- and ’90s, he released an album grandchildren. Finding the right guy Matters,” were a key part of ABC’s al milestones in Brazil. Most of who forged musical nearly every year. He sang with In March, amid the coronavirus to play the Fonz on Friday night sitcom lineup, known their songs had music by Mr. Mor- hybrids with his the original Bahian trio elétrico, pandemic, Mr. Moreira self-quar- as TGIF. Mr. Miller and Mr. eira and lyrics by Luiz Galvão. Dodô and Osmar, at Bahia’s carni- antined alone at his house in Rio ‘Happy Days.’ Boyett’s most recent credits were In 2007, Rolling Stone Brasil Bahian roots. val in 1976, introducing vocals to de Janeiro, where he continued to on “Fuller House,” a Netflix sequel named Os Novos Baianos’s 1972 what had been an instrumental write. On March 18, he posted a to “Full House.” album, “Acabou Chorare” (“The style. poem about quarantine on his In 2000, Mr. Miller and Mr. Crying Is Over”) — which mixed, Mr. Moreira celebrated Bahian Facebook page. In an interview acclaim and awards. What he and Boyett, his life partner as well as among other things, bossa nova, Novos Baianos, called Mr. Mor- carnival in songs that became car- this year with the Brazilian news- his production partners did draw his business partner, relocated to samba, rock and the vintage Bra- eira “a cowboy of sound.” nival-season hits and in his tour- paper O Globo, he said he was were viewers. New York, where they helped zilian style called choro — the Mr. Moreira was born Antônio ing stage shows. Although he de- planning a concert to include “Our award is that 30 million produce Broadway shows, includ- most important album in the his- Carlos Moreira Pires on July 8, cided in the 1980s that the event more than 20 of his unpublished people are watching,” Mr. Miller ing “Tootsie” last year. tory of Brazilian music. 1947, in Ituaçu, in rural Bahia. He had grown too commercial, he songs. told The Los Angeles Times in Mr. Miller, who lived in Salis- Mr. Moreira moved on to a solo learned to play accordion and marked his 50th birthday in 1997 Fellow musicians, many of 1990. “To me, the goal is to enter- bury, moved to Connecticut with career that would encompass doz- then guitar in his teens and moved with the album “50 Carnavais” whom had collaborated with him tain.” Mr. Boyett in 2007. Mr. Boyett sur- ens of albums over four decades. to Salvador, the capital of Bahia, and frequently performed at Sal- through the years, posted admir- “Happy Days,” which pre- vives him, along with a brother, His songs were also recorded by planning to study medicine. vador’s carnival in the 2000s. ing messages on social media. miered in 1974, ran for a decade, Robert, and a sister, Kitty Glass. many leading Brazilian pop sing- But he was drawn to music in- In 1990, he made an album with Gilberto Gil, the Bahian song- 255 episodes in all. “Perfect Mr. Miller aimed for shows that ers, yielding No. 1 hits in Brazil for stead. He met Tom Zé, a leading Pepeu Gomes from Os Novos Ba- writer who has also been Brazil’s Strangers” racked up 151 episodes didn’t try to deliver a Message Gal Costa, Simone, Ney songwriter in the Bahia-centered ianos. The full group reunited for minister of culture, wrote on Twit- from 1986 to 1993, overlapping for with a capital M but did have Matogrosso and others. avant-pop movement called tropi- concerts in 1995 and toured again ter: “A boy from the hinterland of much of that time with “Full heart. Mr. Moreira constantly forged calia. “I showed him my stuff and sporadically from 2016 to 2019. In Bahia listened, enchanted, to the House” (192 episodes, 1987-95). “It’s never about lecturing, it’s new hybrids with Bahian roots. he said: ‘Yeah, you have talent. I’ll 2007, Mr. Moreira published a music of the world, and made it his Other long-running shows that about entertaining,” he told The His songs, written with a shifting give you some guitar lessons. I memoir, “The History of the New expressive universe. He leaves had Mr. Miller as an executive New York Times in 1990, “but we assortment of lyricists, often cele- won’t charge because I know you Bahians and Other Verses.” sorrow and a grand body of work.” producer included the “Happy always like to have somebody in brated Brazil’s multicultural vital- don’t have the money to pay,’” Mr. While he celebrated the 40th The songwriter Caetano Veloso Days” spinoff “Laverne & our shows make some human con- Moreira told Rolling Stone Brasil. anniversary of “Acabou Chorare” concluded his online tribute by Shirley” (1976-83), “Valerie” (lat- nections, so the people who watch Lis Moriconi contributed reporting Mr. Zé also connected him to Mr. at concerts in 2012, he also re- writing: “I remember, I hear, I see. er renamed “The Hogan Family,” it say, ‘Yes, I understand that and I from Rio de Janeiro. Galvão, starting the songwriting leased a new album that year, “A The soul cannot stop crying.” 1986-91), “Step by Step” (1991-98) like it.’”

Cheryl A. Wall, 71, Scholar A pioneer lifting up her fellow authors for Of Black Women’s Literature ‘their power, genius By SAM ROBERTS ture.” and complexity.’ Cheryl A. Wall, an author and “Her scholarly work,” he said, longtime Rutgers University pro- “was characterized by the careful, fessor who helped elevate Zora meticulous attention to detail of a thors like Toni Morrison, Gloria Neale Hurston and other black great literary historian and the ex- Naylor, Lucille Clifton and Toni women into English literature quisite mastery of form that Cade Bambara. curriculums, died on April 4 at her marks the work of our best liter- “Cheryl Wall took pains to put home in Highland Park, N.J. She ary critics — a combination all too black literature in conversation was 71. rare among scholars of American with other academic disciplines The cause was complications of literature today.” and to bring it before churches an asthma attack, her daughter, Dr. Wall was scheduled to retire and community groups,” said Camara Epps, said. from Rutgers next month. A sym- Paula J. Giddings, emerita profes- In a teaching career of nearly posium celebrating her legacy, or- sor of Africana studies at Smith five decades, Dr. Wall championed ganized by a colleague, Prof. Evie College in Massachusetts. racial diversity both in the curric- Shockley, had been planned for Cheryl Ann Wall was born on ulum and the classroom. She en- last week, but was postponed be- Oct. 29, 1948, in Manhattan to the couraged more black students to cause of the coronavirus pan- Rev. Monroe Wall, a pastor of major in English and pursue post- demic. Mount Calvary Baptist Church in graduate degrees. And she wid- “In a period when black women Harlem, and Rennie Ray (Stray- ened the scope of literary schol- writers were publishing, being re- horn) Wall, an English teacher for arship to include black novelists, covered and receiving national at- the New York City public schools. tention in greater numbers than poets and nonfiction authors as “Cheryl grew up around books ever before,” Professor Shockley well as essayists, whom she con- and literature, read all the time as said, “Cheryl found it possible to sidered central to the black liter- a child,” her sister, Gatsie Wall- make a 45-year career of helping ary tradition. Jones, said. “She was clearly influ- to ensure that these writers and “From its earliest iteration, the enced by her mother and devel- African American essay endorsed their writings are valued in all of their power, genius and complex- oped the same passion to share the democratic ideals the nation knowledge, particularly through professed, while condemning its ity.” reading.” failure to fulfill them,” Dr. Wall Dr. Wall was one of the first Raised in Jamaica, Queens, she wrote in “On Freedom and the black women to head an English Will to Adorn: The Art of the Afri- department at a major research graduated from the Rhodes Pre- can American Essay” (2018). university. Under her leadership, paratory School in Manhattan. She contrasted W.E.B. Du Bois’s Rutgers required all English ma- She studied piano under the com- self-conscious vision of blackness jors to complete a course in Afri- poser and performer Margaret with Hurston’s bravado — “that can-American literature. Bonds. She earned a bachelor’s degree in English from Howard when she is discriminated She was a founder of the Rut- VIA WALL FAMILY against, she feels ‘merely’ aston- gers English Diversity Institute, University in Washington and a Cheryl A. Wall, a Rutgers University professor who was to retire next month after four decades, doctorate at Harvard on a Ford ished that anyone can deny them- which encouraged greater diver- was one of the first black women to head an English department at a major research university. selves ‘the pleasure of my com- sity among graduate students in Foundation scholarship. pany.’” English; the founding chair- Dr. Wall began teaching at Rut- Prof. Henry Louis Gates Jr., di- woman of the Crossroads Theater “Changing Our Own Words: Criti- Dr. Wall also edited two vol- tion: “‘Sweat’: Texts and Con- gers in 1972. She was named the rector of Harvard University’s Company in New Jersey; and a cism, Theory, and Writing by umes of Hurston’s works for the texts” (1997) and “Their Eyes Board of Governors Zora Neale Hutchins Center for African and leader of the university’s Institute Black Women” (1989); “Women of Library of America — “Novels Were Watching God: A Casebook” Hurston professor in 2007. African American Research, de- for Women’s Leadership, to en- the Harlem Renaissance” (1995); and Short Stories” (1995) and (2000). Her marriage to C. Roy Epps in scribed Dr. Wall in an email as “a courage diversity in higher educa- and “Worrying the Line: Black “Folklore, Memoirs and Other Her scholarship went beyond 1979 ended in divorce. Her daugh- leading, pioneering scholar of Af- tion. Women Writers, Lineage, and Lit- Writings” (1995) — and two vol- the Harlem Renaissance and in- ter and sister are her only imme- rican American women’s litera- Her other books include: erary Tradition” (2005). umes of criticism on Hurston’s fic- cluded contemporary black au- diate survivors. 3 MUSIC 6 BOOK REVIEW Leroy Anderson’s joyful Two female doctors noise. BY ANTHONY TOMMASINI

2 POP MUSIC who founded a A long gestation for Zsela’s World War I military debut album. BY JON PARELES hospital. BY SARAH LYALL

NEWS CRITICISM THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 C1

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MICHAEL KIMMELMAN CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK

PHOTOGRAPHS BY VINCENT TULLO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES The Canyons House on Fifth Avenue into the Neue Ga- IT’S A METAPHOR FOR MANHATTAN, a syn- lerie, designed the Sunset Park Material onym for “Mad Men,” the apex of midcen- Recovery Facility in Brooklyn and is cur- tury modernist New York. It supplanted rently expanding the Frick Collection. some of the city’s stateliest mansions with Of Modernism While New Yorkers are self-quarantin- corporate palaces in blue glass and bronze. ing, I’m conducting the walks virtually, over The Park Avenue School of Architecture is Taking a look at the sleek Midcentury skyscrapers of Park Avenue. the phone. They’re also intended to be con- the term the critic Ada Louise Huxtable em- sumed virtually. Ms. Selldorf suggested a ployed to define the “sleek and shiny” post- stroll along Park Avenue with a short jog to war skyline, which moved the concept of el- what used to be called the Citicorp Center a egance, as she put it, “from domestic to pro- block away. She proposed we “meet” at fessional life, from the apartment house to 52nd Street on the pink granite plaza in the office building.” front of the Seagram Building, the storied During coronavirus, New York endures bronzed monolith from 1958 by Mies van and awaits. This latest entry in a series of der Rohe and Philip Johnson. (condensed and edited) walks around town with architects and others is the first of two MICHAEL KIMMELMAN Why Seagram? exploring, Rashomon-like, some of the ANNABELLE SELLDORF It made a big differ- city’s most famous Midtown skyscrapers ence in my life as an architect. When I first and commercial landmarks. As with paint- came here from Germany, it epitomized for ings or people, there’s no one correct way to me New York as a modern city. look at buildings or the city. The two walks KIMMELMAN When was that? take different perspectives, an architect’s then an engineer’s. SELLDORF In 1978 or ’79, I can’t remember Annabelle Selldorf moved to New York the exact date. I had just finished high from Germany after falling in love with the school. A friend picked me up at the airport towers of Park Avenue as a teenager. She THE SEAGRAM BUILDING Top, as seen from its plaza on Park Avenue. Above left, the entrance on Park. Above right, the plaza of and that same day we visited Park Avenue, founded Selldorf Architects in 1988. The the Seagram Building looks across to McKim, Mead & White’s Racquet & Tennis Club, an Italian Renaissance-style palazzo. which I knew only from pictures. In Ger- firm has transformed the historical Miller Annabelle Selldorf says that when she moved here the Seagram epitomized for her New York as a modern city. CONTINUED ON PAGE C4

U.S. Once Fed Hope With Art The New Deal offered jobs for gallon tanks, dyeing about 25 pounds of yarn a day into shades of deep red or green. artists during the Depression, The material would end up as rugs, or but political winds have shifted. drapes for an Army club, or decorations for the venereal disease clinic. The work usually went without a hitch — By JULIA JACOBS except for when the dye would drip down In the loft above the pickle factory, dozens of into the pickles below. women sat each day at looms or hovered “These people would come upstairs, just around copper-lined tanks filled with dye, screaming their heads off because all of a weaving drapes and rugs for the govern- sudden there was red and blue water trick- ment. ling down,” Ms. Magnani said in an oral his- It was San Francisco, in the early 1940s, tory recorded by the Smithsonian’s Ar- and Margery Magnani, a 20-something chives of American Art. French literature major, somehow found These weavers were part of a federal jobs herself the forewoman, supervising as program established in another uncertain many as 95 workers. time and devised to employ painters and Most of them were old enough to be her sculptors, actors, musicians, writers and mother or grandmother. Some sewed cut- craftspeople who were having a hard time up old military uniforms together by hand. making a living. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS FEDERAL ART PROJECT/WPA, VIA SMITHSONIAN ARCHIVE OF AMERICA ART Others hung the finished fabrics over large For roughly a decade, starting with the Sculptors in New York, above, paid by the Works Progress Administration’s Federal Art poles so they would become crisp and Depression of the 1930s, a generation of art- Project, part of the New Deal. The project produced more than 18,800 pieces of sculpture and presentable. ists received their paychecks from the gov- also created posters for cultural institutions, like the Brookfield Zoo (1938) in Illinois, right. The younger women worked the 75- CONTINUED ON PAGE C6 C2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

Making the World Dance Ryan Heffington discusses choreographing a video for ‘Lay Your Head on Me.’

By GIA KOURLAS Ryan Heffington has created many memo- rable dances over the years: explosive ones (Sia’s “Chandelier”), euphoric ones (Chris- tine and the Queens’s “La Vita Nuova”) and healing ones (“The O.A.”). But his latest feels like a remedy for our troubles. With a cast of 209 people and a backdrop of 29 countries, it wraps itself around you like a big hug. The music video, directed by Filip Nils-

Screengrabs from the Major Lazer and Marcus Mumford single “Lay Your Head on Me” music video, with choreography by Ryan Heffington, bottom left. Dancers, from top row: Rachele Tarantino; Ape Drums. Middle row: Kotomi Yoshida, Koumi Yoshida and Towa Yamazaki; Alex T. Thomas. Bottom row: Hermes Iyele; Jigmet Edzes Wangmo and Rinchen Angmo.

son for the Major Lazer and Marcus Mum- ford single “Lay Your Head on Me” and re- leased Wednesday, was choreographed re- motely by Mr. Heffington, 46. Because he didn’t know who the performers would be — or have a clear grasp of their dance experi- ence — the movement couldn’t be overly complicated. “And I didn’t want it to look like a hard- core dance video,” he said in an interview from his home in the desert outside of Los Angeles. “I wanted it to look like people were doing it with ease and enjoyment.” Mr. Heffington’s work, seen in numerous music videos and commercials, has an en- during, natural appeal. He doesn’t like gim- micks. No matter the project, his movement

shows more than the body; it reveals the He’s making the world dance. What follows then you get the freedom and the explosion. person within. are edited excerpts from a recent interview. It feels like such a great release. I would When he saw Mr. Nilsson’s finished video love to do an instructional video so people How did you approach making this? for “Lay Your Head on Me,” he thought it can dance along. was just right. “There’s something about it I sent out a breakdown of the choreography, and people learned it on their own time and Did you think about the lyrics when you that’s so simple and so gratifying and hon- were choreographing? est that we don’t get 98 percent of the time in their own space. It’s the safety of dancing in commercial work,” he said. “It’s just see- when no one’s watching. People have smiles Absolutely. I feel that line, “lay your head on ing individuals do what they do with smiles on their faces, and they can emote and they me.” At this point in time, all we need is a on their faces. They’re living in the mo- feel safe. shoulder to lean on. ment.” There are so many different walks of life. How did you end up choreographing it? Mr. Heffington offers other possibilities I think that’s exactly what we’re craving: The director was a fan of my work. There to live in the moment: On Instagram, he reality. Not this superficial aesthetic of what was no money involved, and everybody was teaches a regular class called Sweatfest, in- humanity is. doing it with their own cameras. It just felt spired by classes offered at his Los Angeles It starts quietly with close-ups of the hands like the right timing and the right project, studio, the Sweat Spot. The choreography is and arms — almost like a rich kind of sign and it didn’t seem that it was ego based. It easy to follow. “Anyone can relate to sweep- language — then it becomes more full- just felt like, let’s put a smile on people’s ing and cleaning your house,” he said. “So bodied and joyous. What were you thinking? faces. I was like, OK, I’m doing it. It’s ex- why can’t we make that into a dance actly what I want to do right now. move?” The first movements are very simple. Like But really, the class is about the power of anyone can do this: We can reach our arms What is the future of dance making for you? dance. “I know how much dance has helped forward, we can go for a hug. I wanted to see The Sweatfest class has been a path that me in my life through dire situations and de- faces and very minimal choreography so opened to me four weeks ago, and I’m going pression and this is the most accessible you’re going to be able to get access into the to continue down it. It’s changing people’s way,” he said. “It doesn’t cost anything. It’s mood and the meaning rather than starting lives. It’s making people happy on a global good for the mind, the body, the soul. If peo- with “Five, six, seven, eight — choreogra- scale. I say, “You can’t do any wrong in ple danced, it would literally change the phy everywhere.” Sweatfest.” I think that alone, just having world and change people and change cul- And then we give them space to improv at someone say that to you is liberating. So ture.” the end, which I think is so beautiful. Like, sure, it’s dance. But I feel like what I’m do-

JUSTIN TYLER He’s fulfilling a vision he had years ago: everyone’s doing this choreography, and ing is taking care of people.

A Singer Perfects the Art of Taking It Slowly Zsela has been tinkering with clared one finished and released “Noise,” ‘I heard a command, a which contemplates “packing up the pieces the songs on her debut EP, certainty in her voice, a of a broken love affair,” as a single and vid- ‘Ache of Victory,’ for years. strength.’ eo. DANIEL AGED Zsela had also started playing her music By JON PARELES PRODUCER live: at clubs like Joe’s Pub and Baby’s All Right, at fashion events and at art museums Zsela has been in no rush to release her mu- including the Whitney and MoMA P.S. 1. On- sic. Her debut EP, “Ache of Victory,” is due stage, she said, “I channel a different kind of on Friday, yet she has been tinkering with confidence or something.” She interspersed its five songs for years. It arrives not as a Still, her secret slipped out. One friend her own developing songs with favorites sampler of possibilities, but as a single- sent her demos to her future manager, who from Nina Simone, Tim Buckley and Ma- minded statement: a group of songs that arranged for Zsela to meet a producer, Dan- are emotive yet elusive, slow but infused iel Aged, who has also worked with Frank donna; she would often begin her sets with with undulating motion, at once earthy and Ocean and FKA twigs. She visited his home a deep electronic drone, and end them sing- otherworldly. Her voice clings to her melo- studio, he started noodling on a baritone ing a cappella to the audience that she had dies like liquefied amber, in a low, striking guitar and “eventually she started to sing,” brought to hushed attention. In fall of 2019, contralto range. he said by phone from Los Angeles. she toured as the opening act for Cat Power, “Even when I was a kid, people would be, “I was immediately touched by the sound another languidly pensive songwriter. like, ‘You sound old,’” she said via FaceTime of her voice,” he said. “I heard a command, a “When I first met Zsela I didn’t know from Los Angeles. certainty in her voice, a strength. Obviously what was coming, what she was capable of,” Zsela, 25, came only hesitantly to per- she has an amazing tone, vocally and every- Chan Marshall, a.k.a. Cat Power, said via forming her songs, although she grew up thing, but just the intention around the mel- text message. “When I finally heard her surrounded by music and the arts. Her fa- odies and around the words is what really soothing timeless voice, her depth of fre- ther is Marc Anthony Thompson, a song- touched me. There’s certain singers, the quencies and vocal toning were a healing writer who has been recording since the tone of them — it feels good to my heart.” unchained vibrant triumph.” 1980s under his own name and as Chocolate They began the lengthy process of refin- Though it was by no means planned that Genius (and with whom Zsela has lately ing Zsela’s songs into recordings, painstak- way, “Ache of Victory” is fitting music for been singing live on Instagram); the ac- ingly constructing them from the top down. self-quarantine: a richly introspective, soli- tress Tessa Thompson is her half sister. Her Zsela and Aged sought out the harmonies tary reverie on connections made, lost and mother, the fine art photographer Kate Ster- and instrumentation to cradle her melodies remembered. The music wells up around lin, came up with Zsela’s name, which is pro- and lyrics. “He was giving me the space to Zsela, mysteriously opening out from take control and find my voice,” she said. nounced ZHAY-lah; she took the first sylla- sparse beginnings to boundless depths, as “Through the whole process it was like, ‘Oh ble from the glamorous-sounding Zsa Zsa her lyrics wander between the oblique and God, this is what I wanted to do.’ But I still Gabor. When Zsela asks her mother what it the starkly exposed: “I know how to lose/I means, “It’s always changing,” she said. “It was like slow and steady with the music, ’cause I was like, ‘If I’ve waited this long be- taught myself when I found you,” she sings just is.” in “Earlier Days.” Zsela was a shy child who avoided sing- fore I put something out, I’ll just dig into this GIONCARLO VALENTINE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES and have it be the best that I can make it.’” The album’s long gestation “taught me to ing in front of anyone, though she wrote take my time, taught me to be patient,” songs with a guitar. Her parents urged her different times and they’re from different Zsela, 25, said taking her The tracks they built rely on imperturb- Zsela said. “It’s taught me to really let go of to go to college, and she attended SUNY things,” she said. “So drawing from it is time had “taught me to ably sustained keyboards, layers of Zsela’s the fear.” Purchase, where she studied studio compo- telling a story that’s not like linear time at really let go of the fear.” voice in unison and harmony, subdued elec- sition and production before deciding to all.” tronic percussion and myriad near-sublimi- “I in no way intend for this to box me in to drop out. She moved to New York City and For a while, she recalled, “I was not shar- nal sounds. They tried various tempos but ‘only slow,’” she added. “I can go places if I started writing and recording songs, collag- ing them with anyone. None of my friends eventually decided that the songs all want to afterward — like, if I want to make a ing snippets of words and music. “I have that I would hang out with knew that I could worked best at an almost monolithically country album. I just needed this to be like this whole bank of lyrics, and they’re from sing.” slow pace. In February 2019, they finally de- this.” THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N C3

ANTHONY TOMMASINI CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK The Time Is Now for This Composer Leroy Anderson’s deceptively bustling string of eighth notes that unfolds in quick spurts as the “typist” completes simple music will make you each phrase. feel better about the world. For all the charm of hearing the actual strokes of the typewriter and the clinking bell, the melodic lines keep taking unex- IN THE MIDST OF A PANDEMIC, those of us pected harmonic turns. Just try to antici- who are healthy, safe and able to work from pate what chord each four-measure mini- home are of course lucky. phrase is going to land on. Still, time can pass slowly when you’re Anderson certainly achieved success in cooped up in a Manhattan apartment. So his day, with hits like “Blue Tango,” which the other day, I listened to my favorite piece went to the top of the Billboard charts, and about the ticktock of time: Leroy Ander- the enduring holiday favorite “Sleigh Ride,” son’s “The Syncopated Clock.” first introduced as an orchestra piece (to Anderson, who died in 1975, was the unri- which those “Just hear those sleigh bells jin- valed master of the light orchestral minia- gling” lyrics were later added). ture. Starting in the late 1930s, he wrote But I’ve never loved calling his pieces more than 50 of them — breezy yet carefully “light.” Anderson had extensive profes- constructed works that became reassuring sional experience and a thorough musical staples of pops programs. education, starting from childhood in Cam- During our present moment of crisis, bridge, Mass., where he was born to Typewriters and clocks Bach provides solace, Beethoven stirs us Swedish immigrants in 1908. inspired breezy with resolve and Brahms probes aching His mother, a church organist, gave him emotional ambiguities. his first piano lessons, which he continued masterpieces. But trust me: Leroy Anderson will make at the New England Conservatory. He en- you feel better about things. tered Harvard in 1925 and studied theory, And “The Syncopated Clock,” written in counterpoint and composition with profes- 1945, is a two-and-a-half-minute master- sors including the intimidating Walter Pis- piece. I hear the music as expressing a duti- ton. Leroy Anderson was the ful clock’s restlessness. As the strings play a His teachers didn’t quite know what to unrivaled master of the light genial, ambling theme, a percussion instru- make of him. It seemed he lacked the ambi- orchestral miniature, with ment mimics a clock’s ticktocks as the sec- tion to write the large, complex works with works like “The Typewriter” onds pass. which a young composer usually makes a and “Sleigh Ride.” But at the end of the first short phrase, the mark. Some thought Anderson was wasting clock can’t help having some fun, breaking his time leading the Harvard Band, arrang- up the boredom by throwing in a moment of ing pieces for dance ensembles and playing syncopated rhythm. the accordion. The strings are the clock’s willing co-con- But Arthur Fiedler, who became conduc- spirators. This is clearly an American clock tor of the Boston Pops in 1930, was im- in the era of the big bands and jazz. Why not pressed by some arrangements of Harvard break up the tedium and have some fun? songs that Anderson had done, and recog- The piece takes a turn during a contrast- nized a like-minded musical talent. He culti- ing phrase when the violins play wistfully vated the young composer and got him to over harmonies tinged with minor-mode write his first, very short pops pieces in the LEROY ANDERSON FOUNDATION richness. late 1930s: “Jazz Pizzicato” and “Jazz Lega- A middle section starts off jauntily, with a to.” Anderson continued working as an ar- floor who is surprised to be the belle of the in the way phrases sometimes end with rising, almost cheerful phrase. But that, too, ranger in Boston and New York until 1942, ball. “Is this really happening?” she could misbehaving lines and harmonies. turns pensive, and the clock returns to busi- when he served as a translator in the Army. be asking herself. A pops orchestra had better have a tech- ness with the opening music. Until the coda, (Anderson was fluent in multiple lan- Speaking of Strauss, in “The Waltzing nically adept violin section if it performs that is, when the clock can’t help letting guages.) After the war, he resumed his ca- Cat,” Anderson takes a poke at him — and, “Fiddle-Faddle,” a joyous perpetual-motion loose with a spurt of wild syncopations. reer, focusing on his signature orchestral more broadly, at the whole style of 19th-cen- piece alive with dizzying strands of 16th- On a 1995 recording, a good choice for a miniatures. tury European waltzes that indulge in me- notes for the violins. single-album survey of Anderson’s work, If “light” seems inadequate to describe lodic gestures where strings slide up and Anderson finds a stylistic sweet spot in Leonard Slatkin leads the St. Louis Sym- these beguiling and well-crafted pieces, so down with schmaltzy glissandos. this piece, which simultaneously hints at phony Orchestra in an easygoing, stylish does “miniature,” since musical imagina- The short phrases of Anderson’s melody hoedowns, Vivaldi concertos, Bach toccatas performance. Another Anderson classic, tion and content abound in these short include sinking two-note gestures that and bebop. Mr. Slatkin’s players make it “The Typewriter” (1950), also speaks to the scores. Take “Belle of the Ball,” a serene, evoke the meowing of cats. Yet Anderson’s sound easy. It isn’t. confined moment we’re in now, spending waltzing dance that surely nods to Johann parody is good-natured, a bit of wholesome During my years in Boston, John hours a day typing at our keyboards. Strauss Jr., the Viennese waltz king, who American ribbing. What comes through is Williams used to conduct Anderson pieces The crucial solo instrument is an actual can be seen as a historical precursor in his that he is actually fond of those sugary Vien- on almost every Boston Pops program, old typewriter, complete with a bell that sig- homeland to Anderson in America. nese waltzes. splendidly. It was recently announced that nals the typist has reached the end of a line The melody is somehow both straightfor- “Saraband” is another of Anderson’s this summer’s Pops season has been can- and must push the grating hand-shift mech- ward and elusive. Each phrase seems to many pieces revealing his knowledge of celed, another in a series of inevitable yet anism to the left, to start a new one. To per- hover around a few swirling notes. Yet the music from earlier eras. There were Span- dismaying announcements. form the original instrument version of this melodic line subtly shifts — first retrench- ish, German and French versions of the sar- But Anderson’s works are amply avail- piece today, a percussionist must go to the ing, then breaking out into fleeting pas- abande, a stately, triple-time 17th-century able on recordings, including many he led trouble of locating a vintage typewriter. sages of excitement. For all its elegance, the dance. Anderson’s delicate piece is most in- himself. If you don’t know these charming, The music is industrious, yet pleasantly piece is charmingly modest. debted, I’d say, to French models. Yet the sunny pieces, avail yourself — now more so, as a spiraling violin line settles into the I imagine a young woman on the dance music is also impishly American, especially than ever.

“A true masterpiece.” —Glennon Doyle, author of Untamed Enjoy wordplay every day. THE BOOK of New from SUE MONK KIDD, nytimes.com/games #1 New York Times bestselling author LONGINGS of The Invention of Wings

Two Not Touch Crossword Edited by Will Shortz ANSWERS TO PREVIOUS PUZZLES PUZZLE BY YACOB YONAS AND ERIK AGARD ACROSS 33 Brought into 1234 5678 91011 existence 1 Jazz’s James 36 Staple of Disney 12 13 14 15 5 Means of applying lip gloss live-action remakes, briefly 16 17 18 19 9 Unlikely to make the first move 39 “I goofed” 20 21 22 40 St. ___ (district 12 Navy ___ in London) 23 24 25 13 In the neighborhood of 42 Java setting 26 27 28 45 Fútbol stadium 15 Tapered piece of 29 30 31 sports equipment cry 46 Knock down a 16 Acclaimed TV 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 peg or two show concerning a science 47 Amigo 39 40 41 teacher-turned- 49 Cute mistake Put two stars in each row, column and region of the grid. No two stars may touch, not even diagonally. drug dealer 42 43 44 45 46 Copyright © 2020 www.krazydad.com “!!!!” 50 Mild Swiss 19 cheese 47 48 49 20 Having a tart, 51 Spell check? citrusy flavor 50 51 52 Org. in the 2019 21 Mexican tequila Cryptogram Tony-winning 52 53 54 55 56 brand, familiarly play “The 23 Word before Ferryman” 57 58 59 Z YID’L DKKY LI UZXL TKZSALQ IJ YI FNJYZI, WKFNEQK Z’B Street or oil 53 Changes made 60 61 62 24 Financially to the answers NUJKNYH ZD QANVK — QVKFZXZFNUUH, N VKNJ QANVK. behind to 16-, 24-, 33- and 47-Across, 4/23/20 26 Hang around whether 61 Source of the 9 Was able 37 Question after an 27 Mimi’s “me” interpreted as Tigris and to acquire, explanation PUZZLE BY BEN BASS YESTERDAY’S ANSWER (Vladimir) Nabokov one word or two? Euphrates, per informally 28 Collection by 38 Positive response Genesis Horace 57 Final figure 10 Military transport to 37-Down 62 In stitches 29 Tick off 58 Neighbor of Uttar 11 “Holy cannoli!” 39 Google ___ Pradesh KenKen 30 Laundry loads 14 Touchy? 41 Hints at ANSWERS TO 59 Emmy- and DOWN 32 ___ There PREVIOUS PUZZLES Tony-nominated 17 What the 42 Playing field? Dump That 1 Abatement actress Mireille ruthless show 43 Swanky affair (garbage service 2 “Madam 18 “Well, obviously!” franchise) 60 “___ whiz!” Secretary” star 44 Scrambling 22 Mythical words 3 Gesture from ANSWER TO PREVIOUS PUZZLE a coach not to matchmaker 46 Address part swing at the next 23 Chunk of 48 ___ guitar DUMB PABST CUBA pitch concrete ATE I T ORATE OPEN 51 Joint problem 4 Give life to 24 Got in the way of FAI TH L IBRA ROAD 54 Daniels who 5 “Parsifal” THREEMI LE I SLAND 25 Hardly a rosy directed “The composer picture Butler” MEA T PH I L 6 Dear one? SEVENHI LLSOFROME 31 Barely best 55 What it takes 7 years and years APE DI CEY PEEKED Winter Olympics 34 Scrubbed powerhouse: to grow DONS OARS DAL I Abbr. 35 Account ACTUAL RI TES PET 56 Target for an ID THI RTEENCOLONI ES 8 Props, say 36 “Crisis averted!” thief Fill the grid with digits so as not to repeat a digit in any row or column, and so that the digits within each GOVT PL I E heavily outlined box will produce the target number shown, by using addition, subtraction, multiplication or PR IMEREALESTATE Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 9,000 past puzzles, division, as indicated in the box. A 4x4 grid will use the digits 1-4. A 6x6 grid will use 1-6. CROC RAT IO ETHER nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year). For solving tips and more KenKen puzzles: www.nytimes.com/kenken. For feedback: [email protected] P I SA EDENS ELENA Read about and comment on each puzzle: nytimes.com/wordplay. KenKen® is a registered trademark of Nextoy, LLC. Copyright © 2020 www.KENKEN.com. All rights reserved. AXEL TESTS EMTS Crosswords for young solvers: nytimes.com/studentcrosswords. C4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

MICHAEL KIMMELMAN

THE SEAGRAM BUILDING This view is east from 52nd Street, with the building set back from the street wall behind its plaza. The storied bronzed monolith, from 1958, was designed and envisioned by Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson.

THE METLIFE BUILDING This 1963 structure, above and right, was formerly known as the Pan Am Building. It squats over Grand Central Terminal in the middle of Park Avenue. It was designed by Walter Gropius, Pietro Belluschi and Emery Roth & Sons. Inspiration in the Canyons of Modernism

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1 see the logic when you drive by at night and many, when you finish high school, you go all the different floors are illuminated the straight on to study for the profession that same way. you want to pursue, but I wasn’t sure I I find the rigor and formality calming. It’s wanted to be an architect. My father was an a building in which you feel you can breathe architect and he worked so damn hard all because the spaces are so perfectly re- the time. The work didn’t always seem that solved. much fun, nor did it seem that you could be I wanted to point out another very fine In- sure of making a living. ternational Style building just south, 270 KIMMELMAN What kind of architect was he? Park — it used to be called the Union Car- bide Building. It’s being demolished, which SELLDORF Mostly interiors. Modernist. In is truly sad. But on the way I have to men- Germany, there was an urgent need to tion the Pan Am Building, now the MetLife break with the past, so nearly every post- Building, because it’s unavoidable. war architect was a modernist. But tall steel buildings like Seagram weren’t common KIMMELMAN Completed in 1963, partly in- there yet. Cologne, where we lived, had spired by the superrefined Pirelli tower in been reduced to rubble during the Second Milan by Gio Ponti and Pier Luigi Nervi. World War, and the speed with which it was Alas, Pan Am is not as elegant, squatting on rebuilt made it an ugly, haphazard place. top of Grand Central Terminal. It was once There was much bemoaning about the lack voted the building New Yorkers most of planning and quality architecture. wanted to demolish. So Park Avenue looked the opposite to SELLDORF Designed by Walter Gropius, me. It had a kind of intelligence. It was a Pietro Belluschi and Emery Roth & Sons. clean slate. When I saw the building on that first trip I KIMMELMAN In the midst of a city that, dur- couldn’t believe anybody would have the ing the ’70s, was exciting but in shambles. audacity to stick such a monstrosity in the middle of Park Avenue. It seemed like such SELLDORF New York was a tough place. But a crazy, preposterous, brazen, terrible ges- that duality, the contradiction, made me fall ture — but at the same time, astonishing, even more in love. I was bowled over by how like New York. I still find there is something these two conditions existed simulta- unabashed and undeniable about it, which, neously, the potholes and graffiti and boom- after all these years, makes me feel almost a boxes along with the gleaming, heroic tow- little sentimental. ers of Park Avenue, like Seagram, with its Anyway, a much better building is 270 elegance and hierarchy. Park, always attributed to the architect KIMMELMAN What do you mean, hierarchy? Gordon Bunshaft, the great hero of Skid- SELLDORF A simple example, if we cross the more, Owings & Merrill, but which, thanks plaza and look at the gray mosaic ceiling of to all the protests around the demolition, we the entry canopy and the lobby, you see how now know involved the work of a woman. Seagram sets up a kind of hierarchy of ma- KIMMELMAN Natalie Griffin de Blois. Who terials. Mies could have clad everything in was instrumental in two other S.O.M. land- travertine, but the contrast with the mosaic marks farther up Park: Lever House and enhanced the building’s refinement, it made the former Pepsi-Cola building. the marble look more luxurious. The build- SELLDORF We’ll go to those next. I think Un- ing is all about these refinements. I got to ion Carbide opened after Seagram. see how Mies orchestrated them from the inside years ago, when I started my firm. KIMMELMAN During the early 1960s. Then in The second job I got was renovating Daim- the ’70s, what’s now JPMorgan Chase took ler-Benz’s offices on the 30th floor of Sea- the building over and eight years ago com- gram. pleted one of the biggest renovation projects in ages, turning the place into an KIMMELMAN How karmic. eco-conscious, LEED Platinum headquar- SELLDORF That’s what I felt. It turned out ters for 3,000 employees. there was nothing in the building too minor SELLDORF Only to decide to tear the building that Mies hadn’t thought it out entirely. It’s down. not an architecture that asks your opinion. Today we talk about whether architecture KIMMELMAN Right, and, assuming nothing makes people feel welcome. That’s a good changes now, replace it with what will be a question. Somebody could argue that Sea- massive tower designed by Norman Foster, gram represents the opposite, a kind of au- half again as tall, for 15,000 employees — thoritarianism. one of the biggest new buildings in the city I don’t know that I can disagree with that. and the biggest voluntary demolition Every tenant at Seagram has to maintain project ever, which seems like environmen- the ceiling treatment he prescribed — a 4- tal malfeasance. Not to mention a real loss by-4 aluminum grid of Mylar sheets illumi- because of de Blois. nated with one kind of fluorescent fixture. SELLDORF I’m ashamed that I hadn’t known Over the years tenants have tried installing more about her before the protests over the LEVER HOUSE Master of illusion: Completed in 1952, the building is a pioneering glass tower levitating over a glass colored fluorescents, but the Seagram po- demolition. It fills me with pride to know pavilion hovering over a plaza. Everything about Lever House feels open, light, exuberant. At the same time, it’s lice always comes around to stop them. You that she worked on all these fantastic build- seen as a highly disciplined building, with a rigorous vein of thinking about steel and glass and the grid. THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N C5

N CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK

601 LEXINGTON AVENUE Top, the formerly named Citicorp Center, a striped behemoth on nine-story stilts that has a 45-degree top. Above, the stilts allow the building to cantilever over St. Peter’s Church, which is sitting at left.

270 PARK AVENUE The plan is to replace the former Union Carbide building here with a massive tower designed by Foster + Partners. Though it’s being demolished, it’s still considered to be a fine example of an International Style building. PHOTOGRAPHS BY VINCENT TULLO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

ings. She was doing this amazing work think it would have looked crowded. when extreme sexism made it very hard for As an architect, you know that achieving women in architecture. such an effect is not something you just draw one morning and there it is. Arriving KIMMELMAN In an interview she remem- bered, once, how Bunshaft felt free to tell at the result is a slow, iterative process. You her to go back home and change her outfit also need to have the ability to recognize the because he didn’t like the color of her dress. right result when you get there. All that As a young mother, she said, she was also takes work. ordered to join him on a site visit over a KIMMELMAN It’s a gift. weekend, then told to leave the kids in the SELLDORF Certainly, a gift. All the buildings car. we’re looking at depend on the most precise SELLDORF I recognize the power of real es- decisions coming together to produce what tate in this city. We live in a capitalist soci- seems effortless. All these years later, I find ety, the Landmarks Preservation Commis- this architecture inspiring every time I sion can only protect so many buildings, drive down Park Avenue. which means some children are left behind, KIMMELMAN We could end there but you and Union Carbide is one of them. But it’s a wanted to look at the (formerly named) Citi- loss. corp Center, 601 Lexington Avenue, the sil- We should look at Lever House. very, striped behemoth on stilts with the KIMMELMAN So we’re circling back north on sliced top that cantilevers over St. Peter’s Park, to 53rd Street. Completed in 1952, a pi- Church. Some people may remember it as oneer of the curtain wall in New York, Lever the skyscraper that was occupied when a House is a glass tower levitating over a student discovered a wind could knock it glass pavilion hovering over a plaza. My over, so they put thousands of Red Cross mother used to exhibit her sculpture in the volunteers on standby and, without inform- plaza. ing the public, spent months reinforcing vulnerable joints during the dead of night. I SELLDORF It’s a wonderful place for art. Lift- think of it as where my wife and I took our ing that pavilion up from the ground gave older son to see the model train show at the plaza a kind of border along the avenue Christmas. while opening the space up to the street. Ev- erything about Lever House feels open, SELLDORF It seemed very un-New Yorkish light, exuberant, with those colorful span- when I saw it on that first trip — with that drels of blue-green glass and thin stainless awkward, 45-degree angle on the skyline fittings. and that crazy cantilever. I still find the ges- At the same time, it’s a highly disciplined ture of the angle loud and brash. building, in the same rigorous vein of think- KIMMELMAN William LeMessurier was the ing about steel and glass and the grid as engineer; Hugh Stubbins, the architect. Seagram and Union Carbide. It was espe- The building was completed during the cially clever to position the tower, not facing 1970s, so it’s a generation later than the Park, but stretching east to west, which ones we’ve been talking about. There was guarantees people inside the offices less ob- also a cascading fountain in the atrium by structed views north and south, over the pa- Hideo Sasaki that was sadly demolished a vilion. This transparency, the floating, you few years ago. see it carried to perfection in the Pepsi SELLDORF It’s not my favorite building aes- building. thetically, probably because it is such a ’70s KIMMELMAN At 59th Street, 500 Park. A 10- design, but there is something about the story gem. De Blois worked on it with Bun- boldness of it that I might still come to ap- shaft and Robert Cutler at S.O.M. preciate at some point. What I found new and fascinating on that SELLDORF I sometimes dream about living first trip was that the upper floors were cor- there. The detailing, the flatness of the porate offices while the lower few floors spandrels, the geometry of the vertical mul- around the tall atrium were open to the pub- lions in relation to the horizontal paneling. lic with shops, including — this was really The building looks like it’s suspended in exciting to me then — the design shop midair. You can see the supporting struc- called Conran. I was struck by the building’s ture through the curtain wall windows, but attitude, urbanistically: this idea of inviting you don’t immediately notice it because the general public inside, not just restrict- your eye is concentrated on this smooth, im- ing access to the people who worked in the maculately proportioned envelope, which offices. looks easy to design but is not. When you The building somehow works in a neigh- build a building, you have to put in floors — borhood of old buildings and stores on Lex- and columns to hold up those floors — so at ington Avenue. It’s an example of how some point or another a building obviously adaptable New York is. can’t be transparent. Part of what gives the illusion of transparency at Pepsi are the KIMMELMAN You appreciate it for overcom- 500 PARK AVENUE The former Pepsi-Cola building is a 10-story gem that looks as if it is floating in the air. You can wide bays, with those huge windows that ing its adversity. see the supporting structure through the curtain wall windows, but you don’t immediately notice it because your create this seamless skin. If the facade had SELLDORF Now that the city is shut, that eye is concentrated on the smooth and immaculately proportioned envelope. been divided up into even one more bay I seems like an encouraging message, no? C6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

SARAH LYALL BOOKS OF THE TIMES Their Hard-Fought Battle to Heal the Wounded The two female physicians Garrett Anderson, a 41-year-old surgeon 1915, in convoys of up to 80 men at a time; by of 2020, to read about the thing that brought whose mother, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, the end of the first week, all 520 beds were them to the point of despair. It was the Span- who founded and ran a was the first woman ever to qualify as a doc- filled. Typically, 400 to 800 new patients ish flu, which came in three waves during World War I military hospital. tor in Britain, and Flora Murray, 45, an ex- would arrive each month, many needing 1918 and 1919 and killed 3 to 6 percent of the acting Scottish anesthesiologist — saw a immediate surgery (much of it performed world’s population. vacuum, and rushed to fill it. The upending by Anderson), many with grievously in- The details seem wearyingly familiar. A RIDDLE FROM MY CHILDHOOD goes like of conventions necessitated by the war, as fected wounds, many suffering from acute The illness began with mild symptoms until this: A father and son are injured in a seri- well as the desperate need for new hospital shell-shock, “more wounded in their minds victims drowned in their own fluids, bleed- ous car accident, and each is taken to a dif- beds to treat the tens of thousands of in- than in their bodies.” ing from their lungs. “Entire families were ferent hospital. As the boy is being prepped jured and sick soldiers converging on Lon- They had come to a London undergoing struck down at once,” Moore writes. “Buses for surgery, the surgeon rushes in and ex- don, offered the perfect opportunity, Moore radical change, a city full of women doing and trams were canceled for lack of staff; claims in horror: “I can’t operate! He’s my writes, to prove that women were equal to jobs that always been assigned to men. emergency services were dangerously son.” How is this possible? That the ludi- men. Both women were also passionate suf- Soon, even skeptics were praising the skill stretched as police, fire and ambulance crously obvious answer — the surgeon is a fragists, and the struggle for the vote went and competence of Endell Street’s doctors, workers fell ill; and hospitals struggled to woman — eluded every member of my fam- hand in hand with the struggle for profes- how they brought compassion as well as ex- cope as nurses and doctors collapsed along- ily except me, a 12-year-old girl, in 1975, sional acceptance. (They also lived togeth- pertise to the task. “They are men in the side their patients.” There was no treat- makes the subject and the chronology of er, though their careers were so interesting best sense of that word, and yet women in ment, no protocol for the doctors to follow. No Man’s Land: Wendy Moore’s new book all the more that their sex lives seem almost beside the the best sense of that word also,” the society But that pandemic finally passed, as this The Trailblazing Women thrilling. point.) magazine Tatler wrote, straining to express one will, too, and life began again. The En- Who Ran Britain’s Most “No Man’s Land” tells the story of the En- Moore outlines the logistical and attitudi- what it was trying to say. dell Street hospital closed in October 1919. Extraordinary Military dell Street Military Hospital, which treated nal impediments the pair encountered as Moore has an eye for a telling detail and a And though most of the women doctors Hospital During World War I the casualties of war pouring into London they set up two hospitals in France at the nose for a good character. After the husband were cruelly sidelined in the postwar years By Wendy Moore during World War I — and which, except for start of the war and then turned their atten- of the American actress Elizabeth Robins — as men poured back into the city and the 354 pages. Basic Books. $30. the occasional male orderly, was staffed en- tion to Endell Street, where their hospital a volunteer at the hospital — drowned him- hospitals, the tide had started to turn. Some tirely by women. would be housed in a hulking Victorian self in a fit of depression and jealousy, she women in Britain got the right to vote in “From the physician who assessed the workhouse that purportedly had inspired regularly fended off suitors of both sexes 1918; the rest in 1928. condition of the patients to the surgeon who the school in “Oliver Twist.” Though they and, as Moore writes, “once pushed George Meticulously researched, written with inspected their wounds, from the radiolo- had the blessing of the War Office, not ev- Bernard Shaw out of a taxi into the gutter.” élan and wit, Moore’s account comes at just gist who ordered X-rays to the pathologist eryone was excited about health care per- One of the orderlies smuggled an Alsa- the right time. We’re not in a war, but it’s not who took swabs, from the dentist who formed by people other than men. tian puppy out of France, possibly in her difficult to understand what it felt like in checked their teeth to the ophthalmologist “Good God! Women!” one Royal Army bra, and named it Eepie after Ypres, the London as World War I raged on. We are so who tested their sight, every one of the doc- Medical Corps colonel sniped, when he met French battle site. After learning needle- vulnerable. So many of the things we take tors was female,” Moore writes. the women at the hospital site during con- work in his convalescence at the hospital, for granted — our jobs, our health, our abil- This was as shocking as it was revolution- struction. (He then flounced out in a huff.) one patient, a coal miner, produced “a pic- ity to live our lives freely and openly, our ary. Women doctors were almost unheard- Many of the men assigned to the task there ture depicting a basket of fruit.” The trust in our leaders to do the right thing — of. Barred from studying at most institu- were reluctant to help. “Desperate to clear weather was so grim in the winter of 1916 are in jeopardy. tions except for the London School of Medi- the laundry room of hundreds of damp and that Cynthia Asquith, the daughter-in-law But “No Man’s Land” reminds us that cine for Women, they were relegated to low- filthy mattresses,” Moore writes, “the two of the former prime minister, “was reduced people can rise to an occasion, that the big- status, low-paying jobs in schools, prisons women tracked down the official responsi- to wearing her fur coat at breakfast.” gest advances — for medicine, for humanity and asylums; most treated only other wom- ble for their removal and refused to let him Exhausted, worked to the bone, forced to — can come during the toughest times, as a en and children. None of the men who would leave his office for the weekend until he tele- improvise and develop new techniques on result of the toughest times. It reminds us come to the Endell Street hospital had ever phoned through the required order.” the fly, the women proved themselves capa- that great courage and great ingenuity are been treated by a woman before. But there was little time for messing ble of handling nearly everything thrown at possible even when the world feels very But two pioneering doctors — Louisa around. The first casualties arrived in May them during the war. It is hard, in the spring dark.

U.S. Once Fed Hope With Art. Times Have Changed. CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1 tal’s new women’s pavilion. On one panel patriotism. ernment under the auspices of President (“Magic in Medicine”), he illustrated tradi- Still, there were plenty of examples of un- Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal. tional healing practices, as well as a ritual fettered artistic expression. They did jobs like teaching art to children Fang reliquary sculpture from Gabon in At the post office in Plymouth, Pa., for ex- or painting murals for schools and post of- Central Africa; on the other (“Modern Medi- ample, there is a mural called “Meal Time fices. cine”), he depicted a microscope and doc- With the Early Coal Miners” by Jared “On the whole they were united by one tors wearing white scrub caps. French, in which a group of well-muscled very simple, basic thing: They needed to Mr. Alston recalled standing in line wait- miners — most of them shirtless and wear- eat,” said Burgoyne Diller, a mural supervi- ing for his government check, sometimes in ing skintight pants — wash near aquama- sor for the Federal Art Project, in an oral the rain or snow or freezing cold, with artists rine water, towel off and spread out food on history. like Stuart Davis and Arshile Gorky. (He de- the grass. On the far right, a nude man There is talk again in some circles of fash- scribed Gorky as a “saturnine-looking chap” stands in a boat with what appears to be a ioning additional federal help for artists as in his long black coat, wide black hat and hat positioned over his groin. the pandemic wreaks havoc on their liveli- large mustache.) The ritual helped create a “People go to the post office to buy their hoods. Some lawmakers, for example, collective identity among the artists. stamps,” Ms. Bernstein said, “and there’s a wanted $4 billion in emergency funding for The Harlem Artists Guild would meet to piece of homoerotic art on the wall.” the arts included in the stimulus package. discuss their artistic quandaries and to pres- As the New Deal art funding programs “There are going to be a lot of people out sure the Works Progress Administration to continued, opposition to them grew, and of work who make their living as a musi- hire more black artists. many of the arguments resemble today’s cian, people working for community the- Mr. Alston’s studio on 143rd Street served debate. aters,” said Representative Chellie Pingree, as a gathering place for raucous debates be- The Federal Theater Project became a a Maine Democrat and leader of the Con- tween artists and writers like Ralph Ellison symbol of congressional ire toward what gressional Arts Caucus, last month. “You and Claude McKay — a vast majority of New Deal critics called “boondoggling,” or can’t turn your back on them.” them united by their participation in gov- wasteful spending. In 1938, the program But few defenders of the arts are opti- ernment art projects. found itself under the microscope of the mistic that a program as sprawling and gen- FEDERAL ART PROJECT/WPA, VIA SMITHSONIAN ARCHIVE OF AMERICA ART Naturally, the egos and political beliefs of House Un-American Activities Committee. erous as the New Deal initiative could hap- these artists sometimes clashed with what Lawmakers charged that the project was be- pen now. was expected of a government worker. ing infiltrated by Communists in New York, “I’m not sure you can get Congress to Government timekeepers would show up staging plays with socialist messaging and agree on anything,” said Barbara Bern- where artists worked to make sure they employing untrained people who pretended stein, founder of the New Deal Art Registry, were on the clock. But some artists pre- to be actors. an online guide to art from that era. “Espe- ferred to paint at night, said Mr. Diller, a mu- The next year, Congress eliminated the cially not something as easy to make fun of ral supervisor in New York, and the time- theater project and shifted responsibility for as an art program.” keepers would find them fast asleep in the the other arts projects to the states. The op- For one, President Trump has cast him- middle of the day. position included conservative Democrats self as an arts antagonist, at least when it “We worked day and night and weekends, from the South and it signaled the beginning comes to funding. In each of his budget pro- and, believe me, we were not well paid for it,” of the end for New Deal art funding. The en- posals as president, he has called for the Mr. Diller said in a 1964 oral history, “but we try of the United States into World War II elimination of the National Endowment for thought it was the most wonderful thing that pushed down unemployment numbers, the Arts and the National Endowment for could be happening.” making large-scale jobs programs obsolete. the Humanities. Then there was the art that was nearly The federal arts funding officially ended in And he has no shortage of allies, some of suppressed because it ruffled feathers. 1943. whom view the arts as elitist and others Plans for Mr. Alston’s mural at Harlem “It’s rather remarkable that it did last un- who say that, however valuable, cultural Hospital Center almost ground to a halt til 1943,” said David Woolner, a senior fellow matters should not be the work of govern- when the hospital’s superintendent objected at the Roosevelt Institute. “In today’s politi- ment. to a sketch that showed health care workers cal climate — given the deep partisan divide Nikki Haley, the Republican former of different races working together. Mr. Als- — trying to put through such a program United Nations ambassador, reacted with ton remembered the superintendent saying would be very difficult.” criticism when Congress finalized the $2 that the institution “wasn’t a Negro hospi- trillion emergency aid bill in March and set FEDERAL ART PROJECT/WPA, VIA SMITHSONIAN ARCHIVE OF AMERICA ART tal.” But with the support of the Artists Un- aside $250 million for the arts, including the ion and sympathetic hospital employees, N.E.A., the N.E.H., and public television and From top, two works from the Federal Art the mural went up. radio — less than 7 percent of what lawmak- Project: Philip Guston’s mural in Queens, In 1937, the Works Progress Administra- ers like Representative Pingree had pushed 1940; and Charles Alston’s diptych for the tion shut down “The Cradle Will Rock,” a so- for. Harlem Hospital Center, 1936. Left, a poster called “play in music” that was written by “How many more people could have been from the project promoting tests for sexually Marc Blitzstein and directed by Orson Wel- helped with this money?” Ms. Haley transmitted diseases. les as part of the Federal Theater Project. tweeted. The agency said the decision was a result of The mood was different when the New bureaucratic reorganization and budget Deal program passed. Certainly conserva- located $27 million in 1935 — surfaced in cuts. But many accused the government of CLUE OF THE DAY tives of that era viewed some artists as dan- time to support the work of Berenice censoring the Broadway production be- gerously radical leftists, but Roosevelt’s Abbott. cause it told a pro-union story about work- STATESMENART program was a minor part of a major initia- An Ohio-born photographer, Ms. Abbott ers in a steel town organizing against their tive that included money for projects like had an ambitious idea that involved pho- villainous boss. new roads and bridges. It was pushed by a tographing the sprawl of New York City. She Uniformed W.P.A. guards demanded that popular president whose party controlled had, unsuccessfully, sent out hundreds of all the show’s costumes, props and set THE FIRST ASIAN TO both houses of Congress. And it came at a letters asking for funding. pieces remain in the building because they ACCEPT THE NOBEL time when some in the government saw the “But 1929 was not a year for anyone to were considered government property. That morale-boosting benefits of creating a truly start new enterprises,” Ms. Abbott wrote in pushed the show into scrambling to find a PEACE PRIZE WAS THE P.M. OF THIS “American” artistic style, one no longer de- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS “Art for the Millions,” a collection of essays privately funded venue, which it eventually rivative of Europe, Ms. Bernstein said. by New Deal artists and arts administra- did. On the night of the first scheduled per- COUNTRY WHO IN 1967 During that era, so many programs dis- tors. formance, Blitzstein played the music on a RENOUNCED USE OF bursed arts funding under a parade of acro- Later, with federal funding, Ms. Abbott piano in the center of the stage, while cast nyms that even the artists who had bene- set up her camera in crowded streets, on members sang their parts from the audience NUCLEAR WEAPONS fited couldn’t keep the names straight. rickety fire escapes and on perilous as a way to circumvent restrictions from the The Farm Security Administration, for rooftops to capture the architectural sweep actors’ union. (Welles resigned from the the- FOR THE CORRECT example, was the unlikely-sounding source of the city in the 1930s, calling the product ater project over the episode.) RESPONSE, WATCH of projects that produced famous photo- “Changing New York.” In assessing the legacy of these pro- JEOPARDY! TONIGHT graphs like Dorothea Lange’s “Migrant The artist Charles Alston also found him- grams, there have long been divisions over OR LOOK IN THIS Mother” and Gordon Parks’s “American self adrift after graduating from Columbia whether the New Deal was too uniform and SPACE TOMORROW Gothic.” College the same year as the stock market utopian in its vision of America. Much of the But the engine of the arts funding was the crash. art focused on bucolic depictions of Ameri- IN THE TIMES. Works Progress Administration’s Federal “You lived a secluded life on the campus; can scenery or, as the art historian Francis V. Art Project. It financed roughly 2,500 mu- that’s your world,” Mr. Alston said in a 1965 O’Connor wrote, of the “earnest worker and rals, 18,800 pieces of sculpture and 108,000 oral history. “Then you come out and the his handsome family” living in “blissful dili- Yesterday’s Response: easel works. Thousands of original poster whole thing has fallen down around your gence in well-planned communities.” WHAT IS INDIA? designs were created to advertise local zoos ears.” Then, when the United States entered and library book talks or encourage people Mr. Alston eventually became a supervi- World War II, certain segments of the pro- to get tested for syphilis and report dog sor on a federally funded project to install grams were repurposed to promote the gov- Watch JEOPARDY! bites. murals at Harlem Hospital Center. In 1936, ernment’s efforts, with the artists spitting 7 p.m. on Channel 7 Federal Project Number One — an um- he composed his own — an intricate, sepia- out posters urging people to buy war bonds brella program for arts funding that was al- toned diptych — for the lobby of the hospi- or “sew for victory” or simply promoting THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N C7

EVENING What’s On Thursday 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 2 WCBS Inside Edition (N) Entertainment Young Sheldon Man With a Plan Mom “Hot Butter Broke “Mom’s Se- Tommy “Packing Heat.” Tommy is ac- CBS 2 News at The Late Show With Stephen Colbert (PG) Tonight (N) (PG) Adam and Andi ar- and Toxic Narcis- cret.” (N) (PG) cused of impropriety. (N) (14) 11PM (N) Claire Danes and Mandy Patinkin. (N) An animated adaptation of a Lois Lowry gue. (N) (8:31) sism.” (14) (9:01) (PG) (11:35) book is on Netflix. And “Will & Grace” l 4 WNBC Access Hollywood NBC Nightly News Superstore “Cali- Brooklyn Nine- Will & Grace Will & Grace “A Law & Order: Special Victims Unit News 4 NY at The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fal- comes to an end (again) on NBC. (N) (PG) With Lester Holt fornia Part 1.” (N) Nine (Season “It’s Time.” (Series Will & Graceful Carisi begins a long-anticipated trial. 11 (N) lon Alex Rodriguez; comedy duo Rhett (N) (Part 1 of 2) (14) Finale) (N) (14) Finale) (N) Goodbye.” (N) (Season Finale) (N) (14) & Link. (N) (14) (11:34) 5 WNYW Extra (N) (PG) The Big Bang The- Last Man Stand- Last Man Stand- Mental Samurai “Week Four.” A new Fox 5 News at 10 (N) The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- Modern Family ory (PG) ing “Extrasensory ing “Girls Rock.” group of contestants competes. (PG) ory (14) ory “The Spaghetti “Sarge & Pea.” What’s Streaming Deception.” (N) (PG) (8:31) (9:01) Catalyst.” (PG) 7 WABC Jeopardy! (N) (G) Wheel of Fortune 2020 N.F.L. Draft N.F.L. teams make first-round selections. Eyewitness News Jimmy Kimmel “Surfin’ Safari.” at 11 (N) Live! (N) (14) (N) (G) (12:05) 9 WWOR Family Feud (N) Family Feud (N) Law & Order: Criminal Intent “Weep- Law & Order: Criminal Intent “Alba- Family Feud (PG) Family Feud (PG) Chasing News (N) The Simpsons TMZ Live (N) (PG) (PG) (PG) ing Willow.” (14) tross.” (14) (PG) 11 WPIX black-ish “God.” black-ish (PG) Katy Keene “Chapter Ten: Gloria.” In the Dark “Cross My Heart and Hope PIX11 News at Ten (N) Seinfeld “The Non- Seinfeld “The Friends (14) (14) (N) (PG) to Lie.” (N) (14) Fat Yogurt.” Stock Tip.” (PG) 13 WNET PBS NewsHour (N) Auschwitz Remembered: A N.Y.C. Sinatra in Concert at Royal Festival Hall Frank Sinatra Imported From Amanpour and Company (N) MetroFocus Arts Special performs. (PG) Brooklyn 21 WLIW MetroFocus Conversat Somewhere South (PG) Climate Change: The Facts (PG) H2O: The Molecule That Made Us MetroFocus World News Amanpour-Co 25 WNYE Great Conversations (G) Food. Curated. Potluck Reconnecting Bare Feet-Mick Asian American Museum Access Artbound Basket weaving traditions. Variety Studio 31 WPXN Chicago P.D. “Start Digging.” (14) Chicago P.D. “The Silos.” (14) Chicago P.D. (14) Chicago P.D. “All Cylinders Firing.” Chicago P.D. (14) Chicago P.D. 41 WFUT2 Cruise Ship Killers “MURIEL.” The Last 24 (14) Southern Fried Homicide (14) Trace of Evil “Baby Doe.” F.B.I.: Criminal Pursuit (14) Killer Kids (14) NETFLIX 47 WNJU Minuto para ganar (N) (G) Cennet (N) (G) La Doña (N) (14) La reina del sur 2: Edición Noticiero 47 Noticias Titulares y más 48 WRNN No More Den Stories of Love EarthWindFire Best Knife Ever! Wonder Cooker! Marvin Gaye Omega Larry King Men’s Back Pain? A scene from “The Willoughbys.” 49 CPTV PBS NewsHour (N) Innovators Pitn Father Brown Shakespeare and Hathaway Vera “Cuckoo.” A teenage boy is found dead. (PG) This Old House NHK Newsline THE WILLOUGHBYS (2020) Stream on Netflix. 50 WNJN One on One NJTV News Secrets of the Dead (PG) The Roosevelts: An Intimate History FDR contracts polio. (Part 4 of 7) NJTV News State of the Arts World News “If you love stories about families that stick 55 WLNY 2 Broke Girls 2 Broke Girls Dr. Phil (N) (PG) WLNY News at 9PM (N) Judge Judy (N) Judge Judy (PG) Mike & Molly Mike & Molly Ent. Tonight together and love each other through thick 63 WMBC Legends Unfold Slim Cycle To be announced Paid Program and thin, and it all ends happily ever after 68 WFUT ¿Qué culpa tiene Fatmagül? Meltem enfrenta a Selim. (N) Nosotros los. Nosotros los. Noticiero Univ. Vas con todo Los infiltrados deberán superar retos. (14) — this isn’t the film for you, OK?” That line PREMIUM CABLE is delivered by the narrator in the opening FLIX Faster (2010). Dwayne Johnson, Billy From Dusk Till Dawn (1996). Harvey Keitel, Quentin Tarantino. Desperadoes From Dusk Till Dawn 2: Texas Blood Money (1999). From Dusk Till Dawn 3: The Hang- Bob Thornton. (R) (6:15) at Mexican vampire hangout. Sophomoric. (R) Bruce Campbell. Bank robbers go to a vampire bar. (R) man’s Daughter (2000). (R) of this animated movie. (The voice, fit- HBO Atlanta’s Missing American Pie (1999). Jason Biggs. Teenagers vow to lose We’re Here “Gettysburg, Pennsylvana.” Westworld “Decoherence.” Therapy. We’re Here “Gettysburg, Pennsylvana.” Insecure (MA) tingly, belongs to Ricky Gervais.) Adapted virginity by prom night. Studiously raunchy. (R) (7:20) (Series Premiere) (N) (MA) (MA) (MA) (12:05) from a satirical children’s book by Lois HBO2 Glass (2019). Run “Kiss.” (MA) Gamer (2009). Gerard Butler. Live avatar escapes deadly The Predator (2018). Boyd Holbrook, Trevante Rhodes. Ex-soldiers battle ge- Westworld “Decoherence.” Therapy. (PG-13) (5:15) online game. Futuristic vomitorium. (R) netically enhanced alien. Snark and tedious bloodletting. (R) (9:35) (MA) (11:25) Lowry, “The Willoughbys” concerns ne- MAX . Savages (2012). Taylor Kitsch, Breaking In (2018). Gabrielle Union, Billy Burke. Crooks Widows (2018). Viola Davis, Colin Farrell. Dead thieves’ widows have to pay Strike Back “Episode 10.” S20 re- glected siblings (voiced by Will Forte, Blake Lively. (R) (5:45) lock mom out, kids in. Union saves the day. (PG-13) off husbands’ debt. Melancholy melodrama. (R) unites for one final mission. (11:40) Alessia Cara and Sean Cullen) who hatch a SHO The Upside (2017). Kevin Hart, Bryan Shameless “Pilot.” A father is of no use Homeland “The English Teacher.” Car- Desus & Mero Californication Desus & Mero (N) VICE COVID-19 in Desus & Mero plan to get rid of their comically inattentive Cranston. (PG-13) (5:55) to his family. (MA) rie needs one more favor. (MA) (MA) (9:55) “Pilot.” (10:25) (MA) Wuhan, China. (MA) parents (Jane Krakowski and Martin SHO2 Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason (2004). Renee Zellweger, Hugh Grant. The Holiday (2006). Cameron Diaz, Kate Winslet. Two women, unlucky in love, swap homes at Desus & Mero (N) Charlie Says (R) Christmas. Cumbersome vehicle. (PG-13) (MA) (2018). (R) Short). The story involves chases, betray- STARZ Jack and Jill First Sunday (2008). Ice Cube. Foolproof plan to rob Overcomer (2019). Alex Kendrick, Shari Rigby. Coach trains unlikely high The Vow (2012). Rachel McAdams. Man tries to restore als and many nods to famous children’s (2011). (PG) (5:47) church fails. Better than it sounds. (PG-13) (7:20) school cross-country runner. (PG) wife’s memory. Forgetability wins. (PG-13) (11:02) books — including the presence of a STZENC The Nutty Professor (1996). Eddie Vida “Episode 13.” Vida “Episode 14.” Vida “Episode 15.” Vida “Episode 16.” The sisters unex- Live Free or Die Hard (2007). Bruce Willis, Justin Long. America’s computers friendly nanny (Maya Rudolph) and a Murphy. (PG-13) (6:22) (MA) (MA) (8:35) (MA) (9:10) pectedly stand united. (MA) (9:45) fall under attack. Unexpectedly funny, with creepy plot. (PG-13) (10:22) candy man (Terry Crews). “Though it TMC Against the Ropes (2004). Meg Ryan, Mile 22 (2018). U.S. agents escort source through hostile The Hummingbird Project (2018). Jesse Eisenberg. Cousins try for big score Billionaire Boys Club (2018). Ansel Omar Epps. (PG-13) (6) terrain. Appalling testosterone cocktail. (R) with fiber-optic cable project. Sturdy, involving thriller. (R) (9:35) Elgort, Taron Egerton. (R) tends to feel disjointed as a whole,” Natalia CABLE Winkelman wrote in her review for The 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 New York Times, “‘The Willoughbys’ A&E The First 48 “The Visitor.” A man is The First 48 “The Standoff.” A man is The First 48: Catching a Killer “After 60 Days In “The Aftermath: Part One.” Accused: Guilty or Innocent? “Wife The First 48 “The thrives when it embraces its grim plot and found dead in his bedroom. (14) gunned down at his job. (N) (PG) Hours; The Cutting Edge.” (N) (N) (Part 1 of 2) (14) Killer or Self-Defense?” (14) Standoff.” lets mischief reign.” AHC America: Facts vs. Fiction (PG) America: Facts vs. Fiction (PG) Codes and Conspiracies (PG) Codes and Conspiracies (PG) Codes and Conspiracies “Gold.” Codes and Con AMC . The Lord of the Rings: The Two . Top Gun (1986). Tom Cruise, Kelly McGillis. Bravery and bravado among Navy pilot trainees. The Perfect Storm (2000). George Clooney. Swordfishing boat in trouble at Towers (2002). (PG-13) (4) The flying scenes make it spin. (PG) sea. Gusty special-effects epic, short on human drama. (PG-13) APL River Monsters “Bone Crusher.” River Monsters River Monsters River Monsters “Legend of Loch Ness.” (PG) River Monsters “Devil of the Deep.” River Monsters BBCA Planet Earth: Dynasties (G) Planet Earth: Dynasties “Tiger.” Planet Earth: Dynasties (G) Planet Earth: Dynasties “Lion.” (G) Madagascar “Island of Marvels.” Madagascar BET Baggage Claim (2013). Paula Patton, Derek Luke. Flight attendant tracks Stomp the Yard (2007). Columbus Short, Meagan Good. Troubled dancer enrolls in all-black college. Strange, and at Martin “Go Tell It down old boyfriends. Excess predictability. (PG-13) (6:30) times strangely compelling. (PG-13) on the Martin.” BLOOM Bloomberg Daybreak: Asia (N) (Live) Bloomberg Markets: China Open Bloomberg Markets: Asia (N) (Live) (G) Stunning Silver BRV The Real Housewives of New York The Real Housewives of New York The Real Housewives of New York Top Chef “Get Your Phil.” A dish with- Watch What Hap- The Real Housewives of New York City Tinsley defends herself. City “Don’t Mansion It.” (14) City (N) (14) out all-purpose flour. (N) (14) pens Live City (14) CBSSN Stories We’ve Told Boxing From Feb. 18, 2017. Boxing From Sept. 6, 2014. Boxing From Oct. 3, 2015. Boxing From July 29, 2017. Boxing CMT Last-Standing Last-Standing Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls CN Apple & Onion Wrld, Gumball Home Movies Bob’s Burgers Bob’s Burgers Rick and Morty American Dad American Dad Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14) Busy Debras MKO MALKHASYAN/MAGNOLIA PICTURES CNBC CNBC Special Report: Markets in Shark Tank Eyewear to eliminate eye- Shark Tank Sandals for barefoot run- Shark Tank A product to ease back Shark Tank Eyewear to eliminate eye- Shark Tank (PG) Turmoil (N) strain. (PG) ners. (PG) pain. (PG) strain. (PG) Ashley Chen, left, and Melissa Toogood in CNN Erin Burnett OutFront (N) Coronavirus: Facts and Fears: A CNN Global Town Hall The coronavirus pan- Cuomo Prime Time (N) Cuomo Prime Time (N) Coronavirus: “Cunningham.” demic. (N) (Live) Facts and Fears COM The Daily Show The Office “Golden The Office “New The Office “Two The Office “Dream The Office (PG) The Office (14) The Office “Broke.” The Daily Show The Office (PG) South Park (MA) CUNNINGHAM (2019) Stream on Hulu; rent Ticket.” Boss.” (PG) Weeks.” (PG) Team.” (PG) (11:33) (12:02) on Amazon, Google Play, iTunes, Vudu and COOK Best Thing Ate Best Thing Ate Carnival Eats (G) Carnival Eats (G) Carnival Eats (G) Carnival Eats (G) Best Thing Ate Best Thing Ate Best Thing Ate Best Thing Ate Carnival Eats (G) YouTube. Audiences who missed this docu- CSPAN Coronavirus Briefings & Events Washington Journal Primetime (N) White House Coronavirus Task Force Briefing Coronavirus Briefings & Events Briefings mentary about the influential choreogra- CSPAN2 Public Affairs Events (5:45) Amaryllis Fox, Life Undercover Stephen Kinzer, Poisoner in Chief Jonna Mendez, The Moscow Steve Vogel, Betrayal in Berlin Peter Finn pher Merce Cunningham in theaters late CUNY Classic Arts Showcase (G) Science Movies Nueva York Twilight Talks Sound/N.Y. The Commander (Part 1 of 2) (G) DiverseCITY Building NY Democracy last year have new reasons to watch, given DIS Raven’s Home (G) Bunk’d (G) (7:35) Bunk’d “An Udder Bunk’d (G) (8:25) Raven’s Home Just Roll With It Gabby Duran & Coop & Cami Ask Sydney to the Bunk’d (G) Jessie (G) (12:10) (7:05) Disaster.” (G) (Part 3 of 3) (8:50) (Y7) (9:40) the Unsittables the World Max (G) (10:55) (11:20) that live dance is on hiatus. “Cunningham,” DIY Pool Kings (G) Pool Kings (G) Insane Pools: Off the Deep End Insane Pools: Off the Deep End Insane Pools: Off the Deep End Insane Pools: Off the Deep End Insane Pools directed by Alla Kovgan, mixes new filmed DSC Naked and Afraid “Ashes to Ashes.” Naked and Afraid “Nicaragua Night- Naked and Afraid Pop-Up Edition Naked and Afraid Pop-Up Edition Rob Riggle: Global Investigator “Real- Naked and Afraid performances of old works (from 1942-72) (14) mare.” (14) “Mexico Jungle.” (N) (14) “Baja Desert.” (N) (14) ly Close Encounters.” (N) (14) (14) with archival footage, mostly avoiding a E! Keeping Up With the Kardashians Keeping Up With the Kardashians Total Bellas “Playing Favorites.” (N) Keeping Up With the Kardashians Nightly Pop (N) Keeping Up With the Kardashians traditional biographical overview of Cun- ELREY Chuey-Show Spare Parts (2015). Four teens vie with MIT in a national robotics contest. (PG-13) Haywire (2011). Black-ops superwarrior is double-crossed. Strained pulp. (R) Lucha Under ningham’s life and instead exploring his ESPN 2020 N.F.L. Draft Countdown 2020 N.F.L. Draft N.F.L. teams make first-round selections. SportsCenter With Scott Van Pelt work. “The well-chosen selections in ‘Cun- ESPN2 U.F.C. Reloaded E:60 The Last Dance The Last Dance The Jump FIFA 20 Stay and Play Cup ningham’ reproduce the variety of a Cun- ESPNCL College Football (6) College Football From Jan. 1, 1999. College Football From Nov. 21, 2002. College Football ningham Event, and give the Cunningham FOOD Guy’s Grocery Games (G) Guy’s Grocery Games (G) The Great Food Truck Race (N) Restaurant: Impossible (G) Restaurant: Impossible (G) Food Truck experience of luminous instants,” Brian FOXNEWS The Story With Martha MacCallum Tucker Carlson Tonight (N) Hannity (N) The Ingraham Angle (N) Fox News at Night With Shannon Tucker Carlson Seibert wrote in his review for The Times. (N) Bream (N) Tonight Seibert called it “an excellent introduction FREEFRM Miss Con. 2 . Pretty Woman (1990). Rich guy and streetwalker. Giddy caper with enchanting Julia. (R) Siren “Mommy and Me.” (N) (14) The 700 Club (N) Cinderella to a great body of work that can be hard to FS1 Nascar Race Hub Greatest Races: Nascar From Nov. 14, 1999. W.W.E. Backstage TMZ Sports get a handle on” — though home viewers FUSE . Brown Sugar (2002). Taye Diggs, Sanaa Lathan. (PG-13) All About the Benjamins (2002). Ice Cube. Freelance bounty hunter after lost lottery ticket. (R) My Wife & Kids will miss the 3-D technology that the film FX The Fate of the Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle (2017). Dwayne Johnson, Kevin Hart. Magical game, now on Better Things Breeders “No Cure (Part 1).” (Part 1 of Better Things Jumanji: Welcome Furious (4:30) video, traps four teens. Works extra hard to please. (PG-13) “Batceañera.” (N) 2) (MA) (10:44) (MA) (11:17) used in theaters. FXM Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014). Colin Firth, Michael Caine. Spy agency hides behind tailor Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014). Colin Firth, Michael Caine. Spy agency hides behind tailor shop. Extreme GOLDIE (2020) Rent on Amazon, iTunes and shop. Extreme violence, delivered with a shrug. (R) violence, delivered with a shrug. (R) (9:40) Vudu. The fashion model Slick Woods FXX The Simpsons The Simpsons Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14) Cake (N) (MA) Cake (MA) (10:33) Dave (MA) (11:07) Cake “Sorry, Not Sorry.” (11:44) makes her film debut as a Bronx teenager FYI Counting Cars Counting Cars Counting Cars Counting Cars Counting Cars Counting Cars Counting Cars Counting Cars Counting Cars Counting Cars Counting Cars in this drama. After her mother (Marsha GOLF L.P.G.A. Tour Golf P.G.A. Tour Golf Final Round of the 2015 Zurich Classic. Stephanie Blake) is arrested, Goldie GSN America Says America Says America Says Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud (Woods) takes charge of her two preteen HALL Yes, I Do (2018, TVF). Jen Lilley. (6) Love and Sunshine (2019, TVF). Danica McKellar, Mark Deklin. 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(10:05) (PG) (11:05) (PG) (12:03) ful dancer. “Colorful as a box of Skittles, HLN Death Row Stories “Snitch Work.” Death Row Stories (14) Death Row Stories (14) Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files ‘Goldie’ (written and directed by the Dutch ID Deadly Women “Kill the Competition.” Evil Lives Here “He Almost Got Away If I Should Die “Saint or Strangler.” Predator at Large “It Was A Thrill To Your Worst Nightmare “Twisted Plan.” If I Should Die filmmaker Sam de Jong) turns its section of (14) With It.” (14) (N) (14) Him.” (N) (14) (14) (14) the Bronx into a world of pizza slices and IFC Se7en (1995). Brad Pitt, Morgan Freeman. Serial killer echoes the deadly seven. Sinfully dull. (R) Underworld: Blood Wars (2016). Kate Beckinsale, Theo James. Vampire-ly- Se7en (1995). hand-to-mouth cash deals,” Jeannette Cat- can war continues. Almost willful lack of fun. (R) Brad Pitt. (R) soulis wrote in her review for The Times. LIFE The King of The King of Married at First Sight “Couples Couch: Reunion.” The five couples reunite. The King of The King of The King of The King of Married at First Queens (PG) Queens (PG) (N) (14) Queens (10:03) Queens (10:33) Queens (11:03) Queens (11:33) Sight (14) (12:01) She added that Woods “gives Goldie a steel LIFEMOV Adopted in Danger (2019). Allison You Can’t Take My Daughter (2020, TVF). Lyndsy Fonseca, Hunter Burke. Her Secret Family Killer (2020). Brooke Nevin, Diora Baird. Woman learns You Can’t Take My spine and a feisty resourcefulness.” Paige, Sarah Aldrich. (6) Woman fights rapist for custody of her child. she’s related to best friend’s killer. Daughter 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 LOGO New Adventures New Adventures New Adventures New Adventures New Adventures New Adventures New Adventures New Adventures New Adventures New Adventures RuPaul’s Drag What’s on TV of Old Christine of Old Christine of Old Christine of Old Christine of Old Christine of Old Christine of Old Christine of Old Christine of Old Christine of Old Christine Race (14) MLB M.L.B. Network Presents . Bull Durham (1988). Kevin Costner, Susan Sarandon. (R) All-Time Games Max Scherzer’s debut. From April 29, 2008. All-Time Games MSG N.Y. Giants MSG 150-Home Knicks Rewind From Feb. 27, 2013. MSG 150-Home N.Y. Giants Rangers Rewind MSGPL Islanders Rewind From May 3, 2013. MSG 150-Home Islanders Shorts Islanders Rewind From May 7, 2013. Devils Rewind MSNBC MSNBC Live: Decision 2020 (N) All In With Chris Hayes (N) The Rachel Maddow Show (N) The Last Word The 11th Hour Rachel Maddow MTV Jersey Shore: Family Vacation Jersey Shore: Family Vacation (N) Families of the Mafia (N) (14) (9:01) Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness NBCS Olympic Classics: Women’s Basketball Olympic Classics: Women’s Basketball Olympic Classics: Women’s Basketball Olympic NGEO Alaska State Troopers (14) Alaska State Troopers (14) Alaska State Troopers (14) Alaska State Troopers (14) (10:03) Alaska State Troopers (14) (11:03) Alaska-Trooper NICK SpongeBob SpongeBob Cloudy With Meatballs Cloudy With Meatballs Friends (14) Friends (14) Friends (14) Friends (14) Friends (14) NICKJR Paw Patrol (Y) Blaze, Monster Bubble Guppies Blue’s Clues Peppa Pig (Y) Peppa Pig (Y) Paddington Peppa Pig (Y) Bubble Guppies Blue’s Clues Peppa Pig (Y) NY1 News/Evening News/Evening News/Evening News/Evening News/Evening News/Evening News/Evening News/Evening News All Night News All Night News All Night OVA Demolition Man (1993). Sylvester Stallone, Wesley Snipes. (R) Sneakers (1992). Robert Redford, Sidney Poitier. Computer confusion caper. Weak plot. (PG-13) OWN 20/20 on OWN (14) 20/20 on OWN (14) 20/20 on OWN (14) 20/20 on OWN “Deadly Daughter?” 20/20 on OWN “Can Words Kill?” 20/20 on OWN CHRIS HASTON/NBC OXY Deadly Cults “Kirtland Murders.” Mark of a Killer (N) (14) Snapped “Jamie Grachek.” (PG) Snapped “Karen Sanchez.” (PG) Snapped “Keana Barnes.” (PG) Mark of a Killer Eric McCormack and Debra Messing. PARMT Two/Half Men Two/Half Men . Shrek (2001). Voices of Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy. (PG) Shrek Forever After (2010). Voices of Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy. (PG) Shrek (2001). (PG) SCIENCE Mysteries of the Abandoned (PG) Mysteries of the Abandoned (PG) Mysteries of the Abandoned (N) Black Files Declassified (N) (PG) Mysteries of the Abandoned (PG) Mysteries of WILL & GRACE 9 p.m. on NBC. When the SMITH World of Weapons (PG) Combat Trains “Nazi Railway.” (PG) The Pacific War in Color (14) Spy Wars With Damian Lewis (PG) Combat Trains “Nazi Railway.” (PG) Pacific War original “Will & Grace” wrapped up in 2006, SNY Jets Nation Jets Nation Mets Classics Baseball Night Oh Yeah . Oh Yeah . it ended its story with its best friends, Will STZENF Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs The Sandlot (1993). Tom Guiry, Mike Vitar. (PG) (8:04) The Sandlot 2 (2005). James Earl Jones. (PG) (9:47) Problem Child (1990). (PG) (11:26) Truman (Eric McCormack) and Grace SUN Law & Order “Shotgun.” Violent armed Law & Order “Fed.” A campaign volun- Law & Order “Blackmail.” A journalist Law & Order “Steel-Eyed Death.” A Law & Order “Boy on Fire.” A student’s Law & Order (14) Adler (Debra Messing), each married, and robbery. (14) teer is murdered. (14) is found dead. (14) family is found murdered. (14) burning body is found. (14) left them to live an apparent happily ever SYFY Harry Pot- Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009). Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint. Year 6 at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft. Potters around Vagrant Queen “In a Sticky Spot.” Saban’s Power after. The show was revived in 2017. ter-Phoenix aimlessly. (PG) (7:31) (N) (14) Rangers (2017). Wednesday’s series finale will wrap up the TBS Seinfeld “The Van Seinfeld “The Su- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- Conan Actress Ka- Brooklyn Nine- Brooklyn Nine- Buren Boys.” sie.” (PG) ory (PG) ory (14) ory (PG) ory (PG) ory (PG) ory (PG) ley Cuoco. (N) Nine “Kicks.” (14) Nine (14) new story line — and show how to end a TCM . Seven Days in May (1964). Burt . The Goodbye Girl (1977). Richard Dreyfuss. Divorcee and daughter shar- . The Sunshine Boys (1975). George Burns, Walter Matthau. Neil Simon’s The Prisoner of sitcom twice. Lancaster, Kirk Douglas. (5:45) ing apartment with actor. Warmly appealing Neil Simon comedy. (PG) crusty vaudevillians reuniting. Wryly amusing. (PG) Second Avenue GABE COHN TLC My 600-Lb. Life (PG) (6) My 600-Lb. Life “Supersized: Coliesa’s Story.” (N) (PG) Dr. Pimple Popper (14) My Feet Are Killing Me (14) My 600-Lb. Life TNT Central Intelligence (2016). Dwayne Johnson, Kevin Hart. C.I.A. agent re- Shaq Life (Part Shaq Life (Part Central Intelligence (2016). Dwayne Johnson, Kevin Hart. C.I.A. agent re- Shaq Life (Part cruits ex-classmate for case. Staggeringly dopey. (PG-13) 1 of 2) 2 of 2) cruits ex-classmate for case. Staggeringly dopey. (PG-13) 1 of 2) ONLINE: TELEVISION LISTINGS TRAV Ghost Adventures (PG) Ghost Adventures (PG) Ghost Adventures (N) (PG) The Dead Files (N) (PG) The Dead Files “Never Human.” Ghost Adv. Daily television highlights, recent reviews by The Times's critics, series recaps and what to TRU Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Inside Jokes Tacoma FD (N) Tacoma FD (N) Inside Jokes Inside Jokes Inside Jokes watch recommendations. nytimes.com/tv TVLAND Andy Griffith Andy Griffith Love-Raymond Love-Raymond Love-Raymond Love-Raymond Two/Half Men Two/Half Men King of Queens King of Queens King of Queens USA Psych “Dead Bear Walking.” Polar Psych “The Polarizing Express.” What Psych “Yang 3 in 2D.” Shawn and Gus Psych “Shawn Rescues Darth Vader.” Psych “Last Night Gus.” Gus, Shawn Psych “This Epi- bear’s innocence. (PG) life would have been like. (PG) must use Yang’s knowledge. Shawn discovers a body. and Woody are suspects. sode Sucks.” (PG) Definitions of symbols used in Ratings: VH1 Bad Boys II (2003). Martin Lawrence, Will Smith. (R) (6:30) Wild ’n Out Wild ’n Out Wild ’n Out Wild ’n Out Wild ’n Out the program listings: (Y) All children VICE Always Sunny 2020 Project Always Sunny Always Sunny Seat at the Table Shelter in Place Shelter in Place VICE News Shelter in Place Seat at-Table ★ Recommended film (Y7) Directed to older children ✩ Recommended series (G) General audience WE Growing Up Hip Hop “New Chapters.” Growing Up Hip Hop (14) (7:48) Growing Up Hip Hop “Bring Da Ruck- Growing Up Hip Hop “Bring Da Ruck- Love After Lockup Andrea’s secret Growing Up Hip ● New or noteworthy program (PG) Parental guidance (14) (6:48) us.” (N) (14) us.” (14) (10:11) stuns her friends. (14) (11:11) Hop (14) (12:11) (N) New show or episode suggested WGN-A How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met Married . With (CC) Closed-caption (14) Parents strongly cautioned (HD) High definition (MA) Mature audience only YES YES We’re Here M.L.B. From April 28, 2019. Yanks Mag. M.L.B. From May 3, 2019. C8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

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©2020 WarnerMedia Direct, LLC. All Rights Reserved. HBO Max and related service marks are the property of WarnerMedia Direct, LLC. 3 UNBUTTONED 2 OUTERWEAR The rise of the stylish mask Canada Goose scales back industry. BY VANESSA FRIEDMAN its use of fur. BY JESSICA TESTA

3 STYLES Q. AND A. 4 CAFFEINE ROUTINE An author on dieting and fat In a crisis, New Yorkers still shaming. BY RUTH LA FERLA need their coffee. BY SANAM YAR

FASHION BEAUTY NIGHTLIFE THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 D1

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Giving In to Letting Go As the days of quarantine drag on and on, many women are renouncing high heels, painful waxes and constricting garments. At least for now.

By RUTH LA FERLA Self-seclusion, Week 1. I’d been planning to watch over the health of loved ones. But I’d also been looking forward to having time on my hands: long idle hours during which I’d administer liberal doses of self-love. Ordinarily that would have meant com- muning with my wardrobe, weeding out nonessentials, planing my skin to ageless perfection, trimming overgrown hair, tend- ing to visible roots and trying to stick with a diet of ripe avocados and sprouts. Week 2: I found myself ditching those overzealous routines for a rigorously streamlined plan of action. I’ve razed my hair to within an inch of my scalp: a monas- tic look, I know, but somehow in tune with my cloistered state. I’ve trimmed my nails to the quick, and discarded a cabinet full of salves and lotions in favor of “99 44/100 per- cent pure” Ivory soap. Week 3: I’ve turned my back on the ascet- ic life, eating what I love: bananas in ripe quantities, dark chocolate, generous dol- lops of peanut butter mashed into just about everything. I’ve banished spandex and am wafting around my living space in an all-for- giving caftan, congratulating myself for dis- pensing with other peoples’ notions of what a woman looks like. Still, I had to wonder: With few beauty tools at hand, and no pressing reason to get gussied up, would I work more efficiently, reflect more profoundly and get in touch with my authentic self? Femininity, it’s been noted, is a perform- ance (as transgender women know all too intimately). Would functioning without an audience make hash of our self-image? Would it undermine the foundations of our identity? Or would it free us to divert our energies in loftier directions? Who knows? What I have learned during this interval is that it can be liberating, even enlight- ening, to sign on with a sisterhood — people of varying ages, racial and social back- grounds, professions, and styles, openly en- gaging in a little self-neglect. We may be re- minded of Germaine Greer, who famously said: “If a woman never lets herself go, how will she ever know how far she might have got? If she never takes off her high-heeled shoes, how will she ever know how far she CONTINUED ON PAGE D5 MARGARET RIEGEL

Don’t Feel Guilty. Their Tiny Apartments Are Full of Life It’s OK to Laugh New York’s studio dwellers are At Some of This. a resilient lot, unfazed by the challenges of confinement.

By ALEX WILLIAMS By PENELOPE GREEN “Unreasonably dark joke,” read a coro- Paris has its garrets; London, its bedsits. In navirus meme circulating on social media New York, it’s the studio apartment — and in recent weeks. “Shouldn’t we wait until af- its grittier cousin, the tenement railroad flat ter the pandemic to fill out the census?” — that has sheltered generations of strivers The joke is dark, yes. But is it any darker and makers. than countless other coronavirus memes Now that New Yorkers are sheltering in out there? place, studio dwellers would seem to be par- Even more pointed is a spoof movie post- ticularly challenged. But many say the er for “Weekend at Bernie’s,” the 1989 film years in their smaller nests have made comedy about two buddies toting around a them more resilient, primed for self-isola- dead man on their partying adventures, tion. (Quentin Crisp, the author and dandy called “Weekend at Boris.” It cast as the who proudly lived in pinched squalor in an corpse Boris Johnson, the British prime East Village S.R.O., liked to point out that minister, who at that point was still in inten- one could only be in one room at a time.) sive care for Covid-19, as the corpse. If the bedsit seemed fashioned for a Bar- Since the pandemic took hold, the inter- bara Pym character to nurse her hot-plate net has been awash with coronavirus-cen- supper, and the garret to succor a starving tric joke memes, Twitter wisecracks and painter or poet, the New York studio apart- self-produced comedy sketches shot with ment, from its beginnings, promised smartphones in shelter-in-place kitchens grander things. and living rooms. And that’s not counting Once a feature of the apartment-hotels what’s happening in private conversations built in the late 19th century, some were de- during quarantine. signed as housing for middle-class, even af- Laughing while others die may seem in- fluent, single men. These bachelor flats an- CONTINUED ON PAGE D4 CONTINUED ON PAGE D6 A large photograph of the Brooklyn Bridge makes Jillian White’s 355-square-foot Manhattan studio feel more expansive. D2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

MARK BLINCH/REUTERS Canada Goose jackets. The company says its new fur policy has nothing to do with outside pressure. Turning Away From Fur, Sort Of Canada Goose will stop buying People for the Ethical Treatment of Ani- wit, “we’re still using fur,” he said, even if it mals has been petitioning Canada Goose to is reclaimed. from trappers and instead use stop using fur since at least 2006. Four According to the company, coyote fur dis- reclaimed animal hair. years ago, the advocacy organization intro- rupts airflow and doesn’t freeze or hold wa- duced a full-scale campaign against the ter, which makes it exceptionally functional company, urging supporters to protest and in extreme weather. By JESSICA TESTA boycott. “It’s important to us that our products Canada Goose has long stood by its use of While not all of Canada Goose’s jackets work,” Mr. Reiss said. This has been the fur, even as fashion’s biggest names have are made with fur, the company’s unapolo- Canada Goose position for years. In 2016, a vowed to stop selling it. It’s hard to imagine getic commitment to fur has been making company statement said: “We understand the company’s signature $1,000 (or so) headlines ever since. and respect that some people think animal parkas without their coyote fur-trimmed In addition to organizing demonstrations, products should never be used in any con- hoods cocooning city dwellers in Arctic- erecting billboards and plastering fliers sumer products, however we do not share grade warmth every winter. around the company’s brick-and-mortar that view.” But on Wednesday, Canada Goose an- stores, PETA has waged court battles over Other major fashion brands have been nounced that starting in 2022, the company its freedom to advertise against Canada would no longer buy new fur from trappers. gradually shunning fur, including Ralph By then, Canada Goose will use reclaimed Goose and filed a complaint with the Fed- Lauren, Chanel, H & M, Gucci, Yoox Net-a- fur, the company said — fur that already ex- eral Trade Commission about the compa- Porter, Zara, Michael Kors, Versace and ists in its supply chain and the marketplace. ny’s animal-sourcing claims. Gap Inc. Many have invested instead in As part of this effort, Canada Goose, which In 2017, PETA acquired stock in the com- faux fur. For her spring 2020 collection, is based in Toronto, plans to begin buying pany, a tactic that allows activists to file Stella McCartney introduced a brand-new back the fur ruffs from customers’ coats — shareholder resolutions detailing their de- partially plant-based faux-fur fabric. with the intention of recycling the fur — in mands and causing some corporate chaos. Yet the Canada Goose parkas have be- the coming months. Just last week, PETA said it had submitted a come fashionable status symbols — an indi- The new policy was included in a report proposal calling for the company to stop us- cation of how many consumers haven’t released Wednesday detailing the 63-year- ing coyote fur and goose down. (Regarding made up their minds on fur. Drake has col- old company’s latest sustainability efforts. goose down, the company announced in its laborated with Canada Goose; Marc Jacobs Other plans include achieving carbon neu- sustainability report that by 2021, it planned put a model in Canada Goose on his run- trality by 2025 through reducing emissions, to be fully certified in the Responsible Down way; Kate Upton wore a Canada Goose as well as eliminating plastics in its facili- Standard — a commitment adopted by com- parka over a bikini on the cover of Sports ties, including its eight factories. panies like the North Face and Eddie Bauer Illustrated. “By reusing fur that is reclaimed, we’re to not use down from farms that force-feed And before Covid-19 began wreaking hav- just taking a resource that’s already sus- or pluck from live birds. PETA has criticized oc on the retail industry, Canada Goose was tainable and making it even more sustain- the standard’s creators as “protecting com- experiencing significant growth. In 2019, able,” Dani Reiss, the Canada Goose chief panies, not animals.”) the public company reported 830.5 million executive, said in an interview. Still, Mr. Reiss said the new fur policy was Canadian dollars in revenue — up from The shift is an eco-friendly measure, he not a response to external pressure. 591.2 million in 2018. said, and not related to public pressure from “The fact that we’ve been targeted did not Still, in 2019 California became the first activists. factor into this decision at all,” he said. To state to ban fur sales.

Fashion Industry Tries to Save Its Own

By VANESSA FRIEDMAN A Common Thread began as a repurpos- ing of the fund-raising the CFDA and Vogue The revelation of the crisis in retail caused by the coronavirus and the global response engaged in for their Fashion Fund prize, has coincided with the close of the first and since then, it has been augmented by round of applications for A Common donations: Ralph Lauren gave $1 million; Thread, American fashion’s self-rescue PVH, the parent company of Calvin Klein plan. The initiative was created less than a and Tommy Hilfiger, gave $50,000; and month ago to help the independent design- hundreds of small donors, many anony- ers, stores and contractors that make up the mous, have been giving $5 to as much as fashion industry. $25. Can the Council of Fashion Designers of “I’ve been so moved and touched by the America and Vogue succeed where the generosity,” Ms. Wintour said. “When Ralph Small Business Administration has stum- called to tell me of his contribution, I just bled? burst into tears. To have him step in and In the 10-day application period that be- help us get started had been such a vote of gan April 8, more than 800 companies and support. And then there were hundreds of A stunning celebration of individuals from 38 states applied for a slice small donations, that just break your heart. of what is currently a $4.1 million fund, There have been participants in past Fash- girlhood around the world raised from industry supporters and pri- ion Funds who returned their money from vate individuals, with grants earmarked for last year who didn’t want their names men- Twenty-two empowering personal profiles business with revenues of under $10 million tioned. They just said, ‘We are in this togeth- KRISTA SCHLUETER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES expanded from the acclaimed and fewer than 30 employees. er.’” No grant will be more than $100,000. Jonathan Cohen, a designer who is New York Times interactive feature Tom Ford, Anna Wintour and Steven Kolb in “We don’t pretend this is a bailout,” said 2019. The Council of Fashion Designers of known for his joyful prints and conscious Anna Wintour, the artistic director of Condé America is working to rescue the industry. upcycling, was a runner-up for the CFDA/ Nast and editor of Vogue. “We see this as a Vogue Fashion Fund in 2018. He applied for grant that will bridge a very difficult time, both a small business loan ($200,000) and something to keep the lights on. The goal is the A Common Thread grant for $100,000. to give a little bit of money to as many as Americas at Farfetch, will decide on the “The difference on this application was possible.” grants. The committee hopes to have the focusing on how we were affected, as well as The money could help designers pay the first money out by mid-to-late May. what we need to keep going,” he wrote in an factories that produce their samples, and A Common Thread is one of a group of email. the fabric suppliers. It could also help stores fashion-world initiatives. In London, the Mr. Cohen was in San Diego, where he pay designers for stock that has been or- British Fashion Council’s BFC Foundation moved to be with his family. It is the first dered and produced and help factories pay Fashion Fund for the Covid Crisis is looking time he has lived at home since he was 19 their garment workers. (he is now 34) and the first time he and his “What really struck me was the depth to disburse an initial 1,000,000 pounds to in- dependent designers and students, in business partner, Sarah Leff, have been sep- and severity of the current crisis, as re- arated since starting their business in 2011. flected in the applicant pool,” said Steven grants of no more than £50,000. In Milan, “At this time, we are paying all expenses Kolb, the chief executive of the CFDA. out of personal pocket,” he wrote, adding “There were businesses on it that are 30 that normally he would have payments years old, who have helped build the Ameri- from stores for spring-summer merchan- can fashion industry, but who have re- ‘We see this as a grant mained content, year in and year out, to op- dise but that most of that money was now on erate locally, without the goal of being a that will bridge a very hold and not likely to arrive for months (if at global lifestyle brand.” all). “A Common Thread would be very He paused and then added, “It was really difficult time, something helpful to cover immediate expenses, as difficult to see some of the names.” to keep the lights on.’ well as plan the next six-eight months. For (Mr. Kolb declined to provide the names the S.B.A., it is very unclear when/how out of respect for their privacy, but, he said, much money we will get.” “You can look at the New York Fashion Mr. Kolb said he expected to be able to Theperfectgiftforyoungwomeneverywhere. the Camera della Moda is raising money to award money to 10 percent of the appli- Week schedule.”) support independent talent through a cam- cants. Those who do not receive funds in the According to the CFDA, approximately 71 paign called #TogetherForTomorrow, first round, which is earmarked for those in “A rare and important glimpse percent of the applicants were brand or de- which is also connecting young designers to the most immediate need, will be automati- into teenage girlhood— signer names, 13 percent independent re- experts in different fields. tailers, 7 percent small factories, and 8 per- cally included in the next round. He expects in girls’ own words.” In Paris, the LVMH Prize for Young Fash- cent associated companies like production ion Designers — at 300,000 euros, the most most grants to range between $25,000 and —ELAINE WELTEROTH, former editor in chief $75,000. (He estimates that $2 million will of Teen Vogue and author of More Than Enough and P.R. companies that help support the in- lucrative emerging designer award in the dustry. world and normally allotted to a single be disbursed.) After an initial vetting by the CFDA to emerging designer — will be shared among “We’re not naïve about this,” Ms. Wintour weed out incomplete applications and ineli- said. “We know we can’t help everybody. Available wherever books are sold. the eight finalists. A second fund, which in- gible names, a committee of 10, which in- cludes the €150,000 Karl Lagerfeld prize, And maybe some of the people we do help #ThisIs18 cludes Wen Zhou, the chief executive of 3.1 will be available to aid winning designers won’t make it. But we wanted to show there Phillip Lim; Rachna Shah, a partner at from the last six years of the LVMH compe- is a support system in fashion. That there is KCD; and Jeffery Fowler, the president of tition, on application. a future.” THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N D3

UNBUTTONED VANESSA FRIEDMAN

Clockwise from left: some of the thousands of masks available from MaskClub.com, a Our Hard Times, new subscription company; a KES NYC mask; and a Collina Strada mask design. Now Accessorized time when they join the bandwagon, if sim- ALMOST AS SOON as Louis Vuitton, Gucci, ply because there is likely to be demand. Be- Prada and Brooks Brothers announced ear- sides, they already have the expertise and lier this month that they would be repurpos- capabilities. ing parts of their factories to make masks Yet it is hard to avoid the nagging sense and hospital gowns, the memes and com- that designers are exploiting fear born dur- ments started flying. ing a pandemic for their own ends (and “Patterns include gingham, Black Watch profit), and that consumers are using what tartan, rep tie, Glen plaid and little sail- is a medical necessity, one that is the most boats,” one tweet joked. visible representation of the pain and isola- “Breaking News from the world of haute tion currently shared by so many, in a deco- couture: Since humans on Earth will be rative way. wearing face protection masks against Capitalist opportunities often emerge Covid-19 pretty much EVERYWHERE over from times of trauma. This may be one of the next year, they’re bound to become the them. But that doesn’t make the origin story hottest new fashion accessory. Ready for any less uncomfortable. the Gucci, Louis Vuitton, Armani and . . . ” In part this is why many brands have went another. adopted a “buy one, give one” model, in None of the cracks were true, of course: which for every mask that is bought, they The masks coming from luxury labels were will give one to a worker on the front line (or unbranded and intended for front-line burgeoning industry is only going to get but of identity. in Collina Strada’s case, buy one for a lot of workers; they were not available for the bigger. After all, with the lower face covered and, money in order to give five). Or they are do- general public to buy. According to Edited, the digital retail often, eyes shaded by sunglasses, the usual nating a portion of each sale to a Covid-19- But you can understand the misconcep- tracking service, there has been an almost signposts of character are hidden. The related charity. tions. That’s because the masks coming 40 percent increase in the number of masks mask becomes the first signifier of the indi- This is also why some include explana- from almost everywhere else are another offered by companies in the first quarter of vidual. And that means it will also become a tions with the designs, couching them in story. 2020 compared with the end of 2019. In a sign of aspiration, achievement — and civic-minded terms, like this one from Masks are now encouraged for all — tee- blog post earlier this month, Josh Silver- inequality. MaskClub: “Founder Trevor George’s 8- tering between medical necessity and fash- man, the chief executive of Etsy, reported Masks, as a recent story in WWD posited, month-old son was terrified to see him wear ion statement, whether conscious or not. that in a single weekend, buyers searched could even end up on the red carpet — in the a mask, so he decided to make them with Designers, entrepreneurs and influencers for face masks on the site an average of nine form of a “couture mask.” Christian Siriano, recognizable prints to make it less scary.” sense opportunity. But if we all have to wear times per second, and that the number of one of the first designers to start making It can seem like a Band-Aid for a guilty them, we should start thinking about what face mask sellers had grown five times, to masks when Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo of conscience. And maybe it is. Yet you can’t they say. almost 20,000. New York asked for help, told the publica- argue with the need for masks, or that many Last week, Vogue posted a story touting Experts are increasingly suggesting that tion he has made “this fully encrusted pearl of the companies making them are doing so “Masks to Shop Now.” Almost every day masks may need to be worn for at least a mask because I just needed a because there is little other option: No brings an announcement (or two or three) year, until a vaccine is developed. And trend break.” one is buying the clothes they make, of another company introducing masks — forecasters are predicting that, as a result, “It’s actually pretty fabu- and to create something — any- or an old company pivoting to offer them. they may become a fact of daily life, donned lous,” he said. thing — for sale is to create a There are now tie-dye masks. Masks made by all of us with the same unthinking pas- Maybe even President lifeline for employees and sup- of silk, denim and the polyester and elas- sivity as a coat and sunglasses when we Trump, who has made DO WE NEED pliers. tane used for bathing suits. Masks that leave the house. something of a big deal out FASHION In that sense, every mask come with reversible sequins, like those pil- But does that mean they should also be- of his own reluctance to STATEMENTS also represents labor and in- lows and backpacks that were a tween come, like a coat and sunglasses, an individ- wear a mask, would don DURING A CRISIS? come at a time when both are trend in the world before. ual fashion statement? Or are they, rather, a the accessory if it could be in short supply. A sale can There is a MaskClub.com, which is kind of sign of something else: solidarity, and the used, as he uses his ties and help buoy a small company. like DollarShaveClub.com (but not exactly) social contract? MAGA hats, to broadcast his Perhaps it is time to let con- with licensing deals with Hello Kitty and As they become part of the dress code, own power. He did, after all, in- sumers know exactly how much. NASA and Batman, among others, so you the same tensions apply. augurate a Louis Vuitton factory in Price transparency — an account- can advertise your taste in cartoons or The coronavirus is a crisis that respects Texas currently being used to make cotton ing of a brand’s production costs, markups sports for $9.99 a month. Masks in tartan, no economic division. Everyone is a poten- masks. and where the money is going — has been camouflage and batik. Sparkly masks that tial victim; everyone has been affected. The (By contrast, the first lady, who has worn attempted by a few companies, including suggest “I am ready for a party” and pin- blue and white surgical masks that are cur- a basic white surgical mask in a P.S.A., Honestby.com, the Bruno Pieters e-tail site striped masks that suggest “I am ready to rently the most visible personal protective seems to be using them as a symbol of pub- that closed in January 2018. But it never work.” equipment are democratizing forces, ren- lic outreach.) took off. (After all, it never seemed in a Masks by Stacy Bendet of Alice + Olivia, dering all wearers equal under isolation, This kind of evolution is natural. It may brand’s interests.) in animal and floral print, for $12.95. Masks signifying our communal experience and be inevitable. It is the kind of human im- This, however, is a different time. Price by Collina Strada made from deadstock our collective fear. Even the homemade pulse fashion is built to serve. And it is oc- transparency now would allow informed with giant bows on the side for $100. A masks that have begun to proliferate, while curring in markets in Tokyo and in Seoul, judgments from consumers, and ameliorate mask, pretty much, for every mood and in- somewhat idiosyncratic, are united in their though not as much in Hong Kong, where concerns about profiteering over an item come level. craftiness. the use of masks as a tool of protest and dis- that should ultimately represent communi- And now that countries like Morocco, When masks migrate into the realm of guise still outweighs their use as a marker ty and shared experience. Austria and the Czech Republic, and states fashion, however, they become something of personality. There has been a lot of talk about how the including New York, New Jersey and Mary- else. As with all accessories (as with Luxury brands may not be making masks current crisis could change behavior and land, have mandated masks in public areas shoes, bags and scarves), they become now (just imagine the backlash), but it’s not the fashion system. Maybe this is a place to where social distancing is not possible, the symbols not just of health or social concern, too big a leap to believe there will come a start.

STYLES Q. AND A. Dieting Is an ‘Ongoing War With Yourself’ The author of a book on and put myself back on the market. That’s not my reality. I’m busy, but I’m also a little Weight Watchers comes to bit scared to go back out there. terms with her own body. Have you thought about embracing body positivity? By RUTH LA FERLA For me, that’s an emotional trap. The mes- Marisa Meltzer will spare you the euphe- sage that if we are smart, we will love our- misms. She’s not curvy or plus-size. Nor is selves has become this bland thing I see a she, as one of her dates genteelly put it, lot on social media. It’s oversimplifying “carrying extra weight.” She is fat, she says something that I think is really hard, adding plainly, a state she describes with a mixture another layer of pressure, another way for of resignation and grit. us to think that we’ve failed. Ms. Meltzer, who has dieted for most of I can’t easily change the way that I feel her life, sometimes rigorously and, as often, about myself. I’ve had terrible things hap- halfheartedly, has found a kindred spirit in pen to me. For someone to tell me to love Jean Nidetch, the hard-driving founder of myself is as tone deaf as it is for someone to Weight Watchers, whose entrepreneurial tell me to go on a diet. ventures she tracks in her new book, “This You dress with flair. What is your relation- Is Big.” ship to fashion? A fusion of memoir and biography, the book details Ms. Meltzer’s private struggles It can be frustrating. There are so many and the ways in which they intersect with shops where not everything is out on dis- those of her subject. There are readers who play. When you ask for something in your will recognize themselves. size, you’re told, “No, we don’t have that.” The book offers, as well, an unvarnished There was a woman in Italy who owned a portrait of Ms. Nidetch and her company, lingerie store. She wouldn’t let me buy a which, since its founding in 1963, has pair of cotton stockings I asked for because evolved from holding weight loss meetings she felt that I would not fit into them. I was in scattered outposts across the country to a too humiliated to fight with her about it. Fi- streamlined organization, rebranded as nally, she let me buy some large socks. MONICA GARWOOD WW, with a lively social media platform and Have you thought about dressing to show its own app. off your shape? Chatting via FaceTime in her home in often furtive, self-deluding or downright bunch of fat, lonely housewives getting to- There is this idea that people who wear plus Brooklyn, Ms. Meltzer, who is a contributor irrational. Please explain. gether for meetings. It was people from all sizes should be flaunting their bodies all the to The New York Times, spoke bluntly For me, eating is about buildup and release. walks of life. What was new for me is that it ‘My darkest time as a kind of reclamation, to prove that about her up-and-down relationship with I’m not a drinker or a gambler or a sex ad- created a sense of community. That was moments were dieting, self-image and maintenance. This dict. I’ve never had a drug problem. But I do Jean’s genius. they’re not ashamed of themselves. That’s not me. I’m not really a body-con kind of interview has been edited. have this very compulsive relationship to What hit you particularly about her mes- when people food. dresser. For me, showing off my so-called You write that you’ve been dieting most of sage? It’s about wanting something like a ham- curves is not the ticket to liberation. your life. What drives you? In meetings, Jean would ask: “What hurt mistook me for burger and French fries that I would never I want people to look at me and think, Dieting gives you a whole organizing princi- you? You don’t have to share it with any- “Does she own an art gallery?” I want a cook for myself. I start thinking, “Will I or- body, but when you’re alone, looking at pregnant. Few ple, a kind of to-do list and a form of mainte- der this, and where will I order it from?” plus-size version of the Row. Phoebe Philo’s nance. It can be suffused with morality, cookies, I want you to remember what hurt Céline fits me, but I can’t afford it. I want a Then, when the meal arrives, I’m not sitting you.” things could something I sensed as a child, and it’s mo- around savoring it. I eat it quickly. After- plus-size Dries Van Noten. rality I’ve never given up. It represents for- ward I feel guilty for not taking the time to So, what were the things that hurt you? have made me Given the current focus on self-acceptance, ward motion. The problem for me is that enjoy it. I might even throw it up and then My darkest moments were when people why does fat shaming persist? when someone says, “Stop dieting and love feel guilty about that. mistook me for pregnant. Few things could feel worse.’ the way you are,” I find myself asking, Maybe it’s a release for people who feel they You turned to Weight Watchers after experi- have made me feel worse. Still, there are so have to keep their mouths shut in other “What would be the forward motion there?” many ways I can be cruel to myself. Some- menting with various ways of breaking that ways. But they feel they have the right to times when I talk on the phone, I worry. I When did your relationship with food begin pattern. Why? talk about fat in ways that are unchanged to trouble you? think, “Can you tell when someone is fat from the 1950s or ’60s. It has something to The diets that have been most effective for from their voice?” That dates from my childhood. It often took me were probably those that involved a sort do with health and the idea that being fat is the form of rebellion against something that of emotional manipulation, the kind where What about your relationships with men? something you could change if you wanted my parents wouldn’t approve of. They didn’t you skipped certain meals or ate a few of the I’m still pretty hurt by some of my dating to. That really bothers some people who want a daughter who was fat. That fraught same key things every day. It wasn’t the experiences. I went on a date with one man have never struggled, who think dieting is relationship with food lasted long after I healthiest approach. It was sort of dis- that seemed pretty promising. But he told easy. had left the confines of my parents’ home. ordered. But it sometimes worked. me flatly when it was over that I was too fat When they see a person out there who is Eating became a way to rebel against my- What Jean understood was that there for a second date. There was also the time I not playing by their rules, they are of- self. was no magic bullet, that weight loss in- was waiting on a street corner to meet a fended. When they’ve put so much effort I often think people have a similar a rela- volves a lifetime of maintenance, and that date from Tinder. He never showed up. I into staying slim, they may think: “I’m eat- tionship to money. Spending impulsively maintenance is an ongoing war with your- could have written him off as a jerk. But I ing a fruit plate, and here is this woman eat- can give you a similar cycle of excitement self. She also knew that people struggling secretly believed that he did show up, saw ing a hot fudge sundae in front of me. What a and guilt. with weight would have things to say to me from a distance and turned back. pig.” I’ve been the woman eating that sun- You’ve described eating in a way that is other people struggling. It wasn’t just a I wish I could say I’ve gathered myself dae. D4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

It’s OK to Laugh at Some of This

CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1 Comedy professionals, meanwhile, have appropriate, even tasteless, like concentra- found it challenging to stay relevant and tion camp prisoners finding humor during connected to their audiences as show busi- the Holocaust. But in fact many did, accord- ness has ground to a halt. ing to a 2017 documentary, “The Last Stephen Colbert and Mr. Noah, for exam- Laugh.” ple, have broadcast shows from their homes Throughout history, humor has played a during the lockdown, without the reassur- role in the darkest times, as a psychological ing rhythm of audible applause. “On behalf salve and shared release. Large swaths of of the socially anxious everywhere, let me the population are living in isolation, in- just say, ‘Way ahead of you,’” Mr. Colbert structed to eye with suspicion any stranger said, dressed at least in the top half of a suit who wanders within six feet. And coro- while submerged in a bubble bath at home. navirus jokes have become a form of conta- “I’ve been avoiding human contact since gion themselves, providing a remaining before it was cool.” thread to the outside world for the isolated Two comedians — Taylor Tomlinson, 26, — and perhaps to sanity itself. and Sam Morril, 33 — have turned their un- But who, or what, is an appropriate target Coronavirus expected cohabitation in Los Angeles, after for satire during a pandemic? jokes have six months of dating, into comedy with a You can’t laugh at the sick or dying, obvi- web series on Instagram called “New Cou- ously, except in the main. “A year from now, ple Gets Quarantined.” become a form you’ll all be laughing about this virus,” a re- With their standup careers on hold and cent meme read. “Not all of you, obviously.” potential audience members feeling simul- of contagion. The virus itself deserves scorn and mock- taneously bored out of their minds and ery, being the source of all this misery, al- freaked out, they had little choice of ma- though it is an elusive target, being inani- terial. “People want to just take their minds mate and invisible. (“I love being outdoors, off of it for a second,” Ms. Tomlinson said, crowded places and food markets,” read a “but it’s also hard to think about anything fake Tinder profile for “Coronavirus, 29.”) else.” As late-night hosts like Seth Meyers and Trevor Noah have shown, politicians who In one recent episode, Ms. Tomlinson seem to prioritize votes over lives are easily suggests they watch the 2011 Steven Soder- mocked. So, too, are other perceived villains bergh film “Contagion,” about a deadly viral of the pandemic that require no microscope pandemic, that is currently a popular to see: six-foot-space-cushion violators, streaming option. Mr. Morril finds the sug- say, or toilet-paper hoarders. gestion insane. “What’s next?” Mr. Noah joked in a seg- “No way,” says Mr. Morril, who is Jewish. ment a few weeks ago about people getting “We’re in the midst of a tragedy. You need into fistfights at supermarkets over jumbo some distance before it becomes entertain- Sam Morril, left, and Taylor Tomlinson. They have turned their unexpected cohabitation, packs of Charmin. “Are people going to be ment. That would be like if the Jews after six months of dating, into comedy with a web series, “Quarantined as a New Couple.” running around Walmart, like, ‘Ahhh, watched ‘Schindler’s List’ during the Holo- where’s the car wax?’” caust.” Speaking of Which . . . Judas on Zoom “Covid-19 doesn’t kill itself . . . just like Ep- gether observational humor in the memes In many ways, we are all our own best stein,” a reference to the disgraced financier they post to Facebook (“Anyone else start- “Every day at the Art Cafe on Leszno Street, source of humor, racked with anxiety as we Jeffrey Epstein. ing to get a tan from the light in your refrig- one can hear songs and satires of the police, sit cloistered at home, surrounded by either “It’s the kind of edgy humor people don’t erator?”), or gags that focus on specific vil- the ambulance service, the rickshaws, and too few people or too many. With little con- feel comfortable putting on their own Face- lains (foot-dragging political leaders, say) even the Gestapo, in veiled fashion,” Mary tact with the outside world beyond our book wall, for the risk of having their par- and implicit solutions (throw the bums Berg, a 15-year-old trapped by Nazis in the smartphones, our jokey coronavirus ents say, ‘How could you?’” Ms. Day, 56, out!). “Calm down, everyone,” reads one Jewish ghetto in Warsaw, wrote in a diary memes and videos are like the S O S mes- said. such meme. “A six-time bankrupted reality entry from Oct. 29, 1941. “The typhus epi- sages that a bearded castaway fashions in Tasteless or not, virus jokes provide her a TV star is handling the situation.” demic itself is the subject of jokes. It is the sand with rocks and seashells. fleeting distraction, and a needed smile, as As The Cut, a lifestyle site, recently noted, laughter through tears, but it is laughter. So far, quarantine humor tends to revolve the pandemic has put her life — and consult- the outpouring of coronavirus content This is our only weapon in the ghetto.” around the same topics: overeating, marital ing business — on hold. “It’s very similar to among Generation Z types on TikTok runs That passage was included in “The Last bickering, sex (either too much or too little) the feeling I get looking at baby animals on- the gamut: disgust, resignation, frustra- Laugh,” a documentary about the role of hu- and binge drinking. line, which is another thing I dose myself tion, despair and hope. One could also add: mor among Jews during, and after, the “Your quarantine alcoholic name is your liberally with these days,” Ms. Day said. barely concealed nihilism, perhaps a re- Holocaust, which included interviews with first name followed by your last name,” The same goes for other members of the sponse to the discovery that members of survivors as well as commentary by Sarah reads one meme recently posted to a pri- group. Some members are ill with Covid-19. that generation are coming of age in a world Silverman and Mel Brooks, who once vate Facebook group moderated by Lori “They’re thanking me from their beds,” she that suddenly seems even more messed up termed Jewish jokes about Nazis “revenge Day, an educational psychologist and con- said. “They’re thanking me from their hos- than already thought. through ridicule.” sultant in Newburyport, Mass., devoted to pital rooms.” In one TikTok video, by a 20-year-old in Ferne Pearlstein, the director of the film, pandemic-themed videos and memes. Oth- Humor can divide as well as unite genera- California named Andreas, his mother finds said in an email that while doing research ers show Jesus conducting the Last Supper tions, made plain on the social media each him still in bed at 4 p.m. as he sings, “Oh hi, for it she and her team “found that humor via Zoom (“Judas, you on?”), or pleas for favors. Baby boomers and Gen-Xers seem thanks for checking in, I’m still a piece of was not uncommon — and was used as a people to wash their hands because to be gravitating toward we’re-all-in-this-to- garbage.” coping mechanism in a situation of almost

There’s a Really Good Reason the City Never Sleeps service, but that their presence was Coffee is one routine many symbolic. “I know it’s not just the coffee,” New Yorkers won’t give up, said Sarah Madges, 29, a barista and man- ager at Swallow Cafe, which has three loca- even during a pandemic. tions in Brooklyn. “Everyone who comes in, I can tell for the most part this is the one By SANAM YAR thing they do that day that contains a sem- For many New Yorkers, the ritual of grab- blance of normalcy and provides comfort, bing a daily coffee is one of the last luxuries even if that comfort comes through a mask they are holding on to while social distanc- and gloved hand. It’s the closest people can ing. get to an organic human interaction.” On weekends, people line up six feet “But it’s also tough to keep on a brave apart outside cafes offering cappuccinos face, especially when people don’t seem and mochas to go. Bodegas continue to particularly grateful — not that they should serve steaming hot cups of coffee to regu- be commending me,” Ms. Madges said. She lars and emergency workers alike. Some described instances of customers regularly businesses are even taking coffee orders for skipping tips, or becoming angry when a delivery. (In New York, coffee shops fall un- product they wanted was out of stock. der “essential retail,” which includes gro- Her shop is running with a skeleton crew cery stores, restaurants and bars.) these days: Many of the baristas quit as the New York is fueled and anchored by its virus began to spread in the city, and only coffee purveyors, and contains more of one employee works each shift, both as a them per capita than any other city in the safety precaution and out of necessity. United States, according to a study by While Ms. Madges worries about her WalletHub. It’s why the vanishingly rare health and putting others at risk, “the back- blue-and-white Anthora cup (“We are drop is, this is what I have to do to pay rent,” happy to serve you”) remains such a potent she said. “Most days, I’m really trying to fo- symbol of the city. cus on how this is the nice part of people’s days.” In an emotional five-minute ode to New Katie Callihan, 27, continues to work two York that the actress Glenn Close posted to 11-hour shifts a week at Sey Coffee in the Instagram, she mentioned missing a “great Bushwick neighborhood of Brooklyn. “It’s little coffee shop around the corner” from not a difficult job in the sense of physical la- her apartment. PHOTOGRAPHS BY BRITTAINY NEWMAN/THE NEW YORK TIMES bor — it’s definitely a mental game,” she Now that many of those shops have tem- said. “You’re getting paid for your mental porarily or permanently closed, a morning and emotional energy.” latte has come to represent something Some of the shop’s regulars are seeking more: supporting a local business, while the kind of therapeutic exchange that can preserving a sense of routine. accompany the transaction. “Half the In the years leading up to the pandemic, customers look at you with watery eyes and Lesley Berson, 47, would take her son’s genuinely want to know how your day is go- hand and make the trip across the street ing, and they pause and take their time and from their Harlem apartment to Lenox Cof- it’s sweet,” Ms. Callihan said. “But when it’s fee several times a week. The shop’s staff the 75th person in a row, it’s like, I just want “remember him from when he was little,” to make your latte.” she said. “They’ve watched him grow up.” Matthew Bruck, 54, the chief executive of These days, visiting the shop has become a software company and a former restau- an opportunity to maintain that sense of rant owner, grew up working in his grandfa- normalcy and socialize, if only briefly. “I’m ther’s bar. During this difficult time for the a single mother, my child is 7 years old, so to service industry, he has made a point to or- just get out and have a little adult chitchat der a cortado every day from various shops was really nice,” Ms. Berson, a lawyer, said. in the East Village, where he lives. Noelle Quanci goes to Kinship Coffee in “Mostly, my motivation is to keep places Queens once a week with her fiancé for alive,” he said. “It’s the same reason I’m get- takeout cups, and “for the sake of having so- ting takeout food and cocktails. It’s not so cial interaction with a person who isn’t Many coffee shop owners have found The fix, clockwise from top: At TB Coffee House in Brooklyn, which much that I need them, but it’s important, I someone you live with,” she said. themselves choosing between keeping their Blue Spoon Coffee Company, in opened a year ago, foot traffic is also less think, to support these places. Otherwise “So much of what we love about the stores open and risking the safety of their Lower Manhattan; TB Coffee than half of what it was, said Lusine we might as well live in the suburbs.” neighborhood is centered around having staff, or facing financial ruin and leaving House, in the Clinton Hill Mikayelyan, the shop’s manager. The shop Ms. Berson also sees her coffee outings your barista and having your bartender their employees without work. The cafes section of Brooklyn; and now mainly serves a mix of regulars and as a way of preserving her slice of the city. know who you are and going back to the that remain open offer only orders for take- Dépanneur, in Williamsburg. new customers whose nearby cafes have “I walk around the neighborhood and same place over and over again,” said Ms. out or delivery, and are often operating at closed. wonder what it’s going to look like in six Quanci, 29, who works as a stylist. “Right reduced hours. “Most people who live in our community months,” Ms. Berson said, “so I do my little now everyone is scared and nervous. We’re “If we were to close, we would not re- say, ‘Thank you for being open when all the piece, giving tips and throwing some of my trying our hardest to ensure that the institu- open,” said Sabrina Meinhardt, the director other stores are closed,’” Ms. Mikayelyan money into their pot to help them get tions around us continue to exist.” of operations at Dépanneur in Brooklyn. said. Customers have told her that “coming through this.” Leaving the house for the occasional “Customers are very grateful and say to your coffee shop makes me feel like ev- “This is my fresh air,” she added. “Get coffee, she said, was both a privilege and a ‘thank you,’ and tips have been really won- erything is still OK.” your drink and sit on the bench and watch “calculated risk” she felt comfortable taking derful. It’s support for our staff when sales Other coffee shop employees described people walk by and feel like you’re part of in order to help a local business. are about half of what they’d normally be.” feeling that they weren’t just providing a humanity again.” THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020 N D5

unimaginable horror, as a means of self-de- fense, a counterattack for people who had few, if any, other ways of fighting back, and even as just simple diversion.” One Auschwitz survivor, Renee Fire- stone, says in the film that she could not help but see the bleak irony after the Nazi physician Josef Mengele told her during an examination, “If you survive this war, you better have your tonsils removed.” (Men- gele was part of the SS machine that sent Jews to their death.) “The instinct to laugh shows that we were still human beings while in the camps,” Ms. Firestone says, adding, “this inner sense of humor is what kept me alive.” And soldiers in World War I would joke as they dug through muddy trenches, un- earthing body parts of former comrades, as recounted in a 2014 episode of “Hardcore History” a popular podcast by Dan Carlin. The episode quoted front-line accounts from the celebrated British wartime jour- nalist Philip Gibbs: “‘Bit of Bill,’ said the leading man, putting in the leg. ‘Another bit of Bill,’ he said, unearthing a hand. ‘Bill’s ugly mug,’ he said at a later stage in the op- eration, when a head was found.” “As told afterwards, that little episode in the trenches seemed immensely comic,” Mr. Gibbs added. “Generals chuckled over it, chaplains treasured it.” Far further back, the bubonic plague of the 14th century, known as the Black Death, killed large portions of the population of Eu- rope, but also spawned the pointed satire of the Roman Catholic Church and other au- ANTHONY FREDA thorities in “Decameron,” by Boccaccio. The classic collection of novellas concerns a group of young people who flee pestilence- ridden Florence for a series of villas in the countryside (much like rich New Yorkers considered the best medicine. It releases ple physical response as a way of sharing helicoptering off to the Hamptons in the bursts of dopamine, a hormone and neuro- anxiety or confusion in a social way,” Dr. current pandemic). transmitter that signals pleasure and re- Weems said. ‘People want to “Theirs was a world in which anyone with ward, and studies have indicated that it also And not for nothing is laughter some- any modicum of wit should grasp what can improve blood flow, immune response, times referred to as “infectious.” In a 2000 just take their pleasure could be found in a hostile envi- pain tolerance and might even shorten hos- article for Psychology Today, Robert minds off of it ronment in which God’s grace seemed ab- pital stays, said Scott Weems, a cognitive Provine, then a professor of psychology at sent and man’s good will was far from cer- neuroscientist and the author of “Ha! The the University of Maryland, Baltimore for a second.’ tain,” wrote Nancy M. Reale, a professor of Science of When We Laugh and Why.” County, who spent a decade studying the liberal studies at New York University, in an “My favorite study even found that science of laughter, described a mysterious email. watching ‘Friends’ reduced anxiety signifi- outbreak of it at a girls’ boarding school in If those examples seem a little far away, cantly more than simply resting, which Tanzania in 1962 that started with three consider how in the days after the Sept. 11, should make those of us watching a lot of girls giggling on Jan. 30. 2001, attacks, Graydon Carter, the Vanity Netflix lately feel a little better,” Dr. Weems “The symptoms quickly spread to 95 stu- Fair editor, said, “I think it’s the end of the said. dents, forcing the school to close on March age of irony.” It was a pronouncement that But there’s more to it than that. Apes, 18,” wrote Dr. Provine, who died in 2019. lasted basically until the next evening’s dogs, even rats laugh, often as a way of ex- “The girls sent home from the school were broadcast of “The Daily Show” with Jon pressing anxiety over new and uncomfort- vectors for the further spread of the epi- Stewart, who mercilessly lampooned the able situations, Dr. Weems said. demic. Related outbreaks occurred in other nation’s mass panic over an ever-present Humans, too, laugh as a way of dealing schools in Central Africa and spread like “America Freaks Out” chyron. with awkward or unfamiliar situations — wildfire, ceasing two-and-a-half years later colloquially known as nervous laughter — and afflicting nearly 1,000 people.” Nervous Laughter which certainly describes the mood in the Sound familiar? There is a reason laughter has long been current pandemic. “We’ve adopted this sim- Just kidding.

Giving In to the Joy of Letting Go

CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1 tions, other peoples’ and my own, is such a she said. For a fashion designer, her look could walk or how fast she could run?” burden. Aren’t we burdened enough just has become surprisingly (and refreshingly) For years, outrageous social media dis- trying to get through this difficult time?” lax. plays have aggravated FOMO, the Fear of Ashley Longshore, 43, an artist and en- “I haven’t been reduced to a Slanket yet, Missing Out. Now we can revel in the Joy of trepreneur in New Orleans, has little use but I am wearing a Onepiece,” Ms. Gold- Letting Go, technically JOLGO, but, amal- these days for high-maintenance cosmetic stein said. “I may never go back to real gamated with You Only Live Once: JOLO! rites. “No lashes, no nails, no underwear,” clothes. Not having to think about these Ms. Longshore said, exultant. things gives me that much more brain room Spurning Our Bras Even manicures and pedicures, she said, to think about things like: “Should I bake “Some of us will regard this time as an op- have always been a pain. “These rituals banana bread? What snacks will we be hav- portunity to make changes we’ve been chew up my most precious commodity: my ing with cocktail hour?” wanting to make,” said Carolyn Mair, the au- time,” she added, with some vehemence. You know, the important stuff. thor of “The Psychology of Fashion” and a Lindsay Knapp, 41, a social worker in “Do I get on the scale every morning? professor at the London College of Fashion. Hartford, Conn., has been feeling just as Not so much,” she said. “There is plenty of “We may stop wearing high heels and cheeky. “I haven’t worn a bra or makeup in time for that post-Covid.” shapewear. And, if we are feminists, we may almost two weeks,” she said. “I’m letting my Even Nicky Hilton Rothschild, the de- see this as chance to reflect on why we wear grays grow in and not blow drying my hair. signer and society figure, has been keeping That’s beyond empowering.” these things in the first place.” things simple and focusing on cozier pur- Catherine Burgess, 71, a literary consult- We may also discover that we are surpris- suits. “I haven’t worn makeup or blow-dried ant in Somerville, Mass., is dispensing with ingly durable: the tougher sex, according to my hair,” Ms. Rothschild, 36, said. “I like Sharon Moalem, a scientist and physician, seeing it in its natural state.” who argued recently in The New York Though she did don a flowery frock for an Times that when it comes to survival, wom- Easter photo, “my uniform through all this en lead with the advantage of a spare X time has been leggings and a hoodie.” That chromosome that helps maintain vital func- casual approach, she said, “leaves more tions in the brain and immune system. time for baking blueberry muffins with my But Dr. Moalem wasn’t taking into ac- daughter and watching all our favorite Dis- count the emotional adaptability that, in ney classics on TV.” (And by the way, let us challenging times, allows us to drop our now look daggers on anyone who suggests masks, and with them, the lavish indul- that children coming into the frame of our gences that once seemed to prop up our Zoom calls are not welcome.) lives. Letting go tends to leave plenty of time Many of us are mining the moment for for introspection, not all of it welcome. Karla laughs, skewering those self-care obses- Wright, 77, a retired lawyer living in Greece, sives still mourning canceled SoulCycle rarely studies herself in a mirror. “That classes, ballooning hips and visible roots. hasn’t changed in this crisis,” Ms. Wright There is bleak humor, after all, in doing less said. “What has changed is that I’m doing a with less. bit of soul-searching. I think about the “I think about putting on lipstick, but then things that scare me. I keep having these vi- I ask myself: ‘Why?’” said Deborah sions of ventilators. I can get very anxious.” Mitchell, a media and marketing consultant JAMES LETTEN in her 50s. “Only the people at the super- Some of us are still finding reassurance in market are going to see you. And now that ritual and routine. “It can be a real slippery we have to wear masks, they’ll never know slope from not washing your hair to hang- it’s you.” ing out in a bathrobe all day,” Ms. Goldwert Some have been struck all at once with Above left, Ashley Longshore: said. the absurdity of primping. “Making up my “No lashes, no nails, no Personal upkeep remains essential to face, I feel like I’m putting paint on a wall,” underwear.” Above, Lindsay Chelsea Frazier, a fellow in the English de- said Lindsay Goldwert, 40, a podcast host Goldwert: “Suddenly, painting on partment at Cornell University and the insane. and the author of “Bow Down: Lessons all those colors seems ” founder of the online learning hub Ask an From Dominatrixes on How to Get Every- Left, Chelsea Frazier: “A lot of Amazon. thing You Want.” my beauty rituals are social.” “Beauty for me is 100 percent perform- “Suddenly, painting on all those colors ance of my blackness, my queerness, my femininity,” Ms. Frazier, 31, said. “A world- seems insane,” Ms. Goldwert said. scarves, jewelry and the suddenly redun- And more than a few are venting pent-up wide pandemic will certainly affect that. dant notion of accessorizing. “Since I’ve But it doesn’t eliminate it.” resentments. Jody Crane, 66, a marketing been diagnosed, via teleconference, as a researcher and strategist in Petaluma, “A lot of my beauty rituals are social,” she probable Covid statistic, I’m doing away added. “I’m contacting friends. We’re giv- Calif., has traveled this ascetic route before. with bras,” she said, “though I may later feel While being treated for cancer in the early ing each other tips about how we’re dealing societal pressure to return to some form of 2000s, “I couldn’t dye my hair for a year,” with our skin, what we’re doing with our breast bondage.” Ms. Crane recalled. “My skin was aging. hair. All of this sheltering in place is an op- And I thought, ‘Oh my God, I’m going to be portunity for connection.” A Hilton in a Hoodie this old, fuzzy-haired kind of woman.’” And Marian Rivman, 74, a communica- Now, 20 years later, “I’m annoyed to find Undergarments have become optional, too, tions consultant in New York, is religious myself still thinking about these things,” for Shanna Goldstein, the 48-year-old about attending virtual classes in yoga and Ms. Crane said. “Keeping up with expecta- founder of a plus-size clothing line. “My self-massage. husband and my best friend begged me not “And I’m still wearing lipstick,” she said. Anya Strzemien contributed reporting. to admit that I haven’t been wearing a bra,” “That’s who I am.” D6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, APRIL 23, 2020

Their Tiny Apartments Are Full of Life

CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1 ticipated a gentleman tenant lunching at his club, dining in restaurants or ordering from the residential hotel’s kitchen, and so these early versions lacked a kitchen. By the 1920s, studio apartments had been rebranded as efficiency units, said Andrew Dolkart, a professor of historic preservation at the Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Pres- ervation, and the author of “Biography of a Tenement House in New York City: An Ar- chitectural History of 97 Orchard Street.” Studios became a common urban type, kitted out with neat galley kitchens and even “disappearing beds” that folded down from a wall, a.k.a the Murphy, named after the man who patented them. Such apart- ments were fine launching pads for young professionals or childless couples, because so much of urban life happened outside the home. But what happens when urban life effec- tively stops? There are 3,000 apartments that measure under 400 square feet in Man- hattan, according to Jonathan Miller, the president of Miller Samuel, a longtime ap- praiser of the city’s real estate, and an un- BOB KRASNER JESSICA ROBINSON

Bed, bath and not much While the apartment is largely tchotchke- beyond: John Holmstrom, free, Ms. Avery and Mr. Sispoidis have a few above left, in his Peanuts figurines on display — a three-inch 350-square-foot Manhattan Linus, Lucy and Charlie Brown, Christmas apartment; Gerald Busby, ornaments they keep out year round as above right, in the Chelsea good luck charms. Lately, they have taken Hotel; Morgan Avery and on new roles. Andrew Sispoidis, near left; Ms. Avery said: “After many days of one and Ms. Avery and Mr. or the other of us half-listening — and the Sispoidis’s tiny Manhattan other one saying things like ‘Not now!’ — studio, at far left. Andrew brought Lucy over into my area and he kept Charlie Brown. When they face each other, we can talk. When one of them turns around, silence must reign. Sadly, Charlie is just about always ready to talk to Lucy, who usually has her back to him.”

‘It’s My Foxhole’ Before the virus, Jodie Wasserman’s 350- square-foot apartment in the Midwood sec- tion of Brooklyn was just a pit stop. A $1,000- a-month pit stop. A stand-up comedian, Ms. Wasserman, 48, might have performed three nights a week at a comedy club, or be told number in the other boroughs. Here, booked out of town on a half a dozen people who live in them tell weekend. These days, their stories of quarantine. since she has been laid off from the insurance investigation company ‘Focus on the Energy’ that was her day job un- Everything is within arm’s reach in Gerald til the virus hit, the two Busby’s bright, spare room, which is less rooms feel like a bunker. than 200 square feet. His computer where “It’s my foxhole,” she he composes. His bed, where he may serve said. “I have my TV, my a visitor tea. The upright piano he no longer cats, my food. It’s a safe uses but is a touchstone, he said, “to what place. It’s OK. There are really matters.” people right now who Mr. Busby, 84, is a composer who has don’t have homes.” written scores for Robert Altman and Paul Her routine, she said, Taylor. Over 40 years ago, his mentor, Virgil is like this: lie around Thompson, wrangled him a place at the with the cats, watch Chelsea Hotel, the formerly bohemian television late into the boardinghouse. night and early morn- ing, talk on the phone, He moved to his current room in the late sometimes all night. 1990s, in the aftermath of the death of his Wake up late. Repeat. partner, Sam Byers, from AIDS. Mr. Busby She said she felt like a was struggling with addiction and the rent, teenager. and Stanley Bard, the hotel’s longtime man- “You don’t have a job,” ager and eccentric gatekeeper, gave him an she said. “You’re in your ultimatum. room. You’re watching TV and calling your “‘If you pay your rent and behave your- see it from every corner of Ms. White’s 355- Above from left: Jodie own work to the Beinecke Library at Yale, friends at crazy hours. You can’t go outside, self, I’ll move you to a place where you can square-foot apartment in Manhattan on the Wasserman’s 350-square-foot and gained a bit of floor space, he said. and you do the same thing over and over. spend the rest of your life,’” Mr. Busby re- oasis in Brooklyn; Ms. The place’s lack of doors have inhibited Upper West Side. But you’re not a kid, you know what’s going called Mr. Bard saying, before offering him Ms. White, 38, has been working from Wasserman; and Lauren Pine cohabitation, Mr. Holmstrom said. No mat- in her 400-square-foot on in the world, and you know that very a studio on the same floor as his old apart- home for the past month, as her industry ter. Cartoonists, he pointed out, are solitary Manhattan apartment. soon you’re going to run out of money.” ment. The room’s former occupant had scrambles to adjust to a new world. She has creatures. been a heroin-addicted heiress, one of a cat- been setting boundaries for herself to ex- “Even before this thing,” he said, “I would egory of Chelsea tenants Mr. Busby de- pand her experience and relieve her psyche go weeks seeing only grocery clerks be- Two-Legged Problems scribed as “rich, black sheep children; I even though she is now alone, all day, in a cause I was drawing. I’ve always worked never knew her name.” small space. out of my apartment. Though I loved walk- “Having the energy to get upset is a luxury,” Lauren Pine was saying the other day. “It’s The rent was originally $720, he said, “but At 8:45 a.m., she turns on her laptop; at 6 ing around. Now I’m being good, I’m old. what I think of now as a two-legged prob- it’s been lowered to $600-something” since p.m. sharp, she shuts it down, puts it in its My sister sent me a mask, but I’m not going lem.” the Chelsea’s owners have been rehabbing case, puts the case in her hallway, and then out much. A few trips to the Food Emporium In November 2017, Ms. Pine, a clinical the place and scrubbing it of its artsy pati- takes a walk through Central Park, enacting on 14th Street.” The delis that line First and nurse at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer na, an arduous and complicated process, a reverse “commute.” Once home, she takes Second Avenue are closed up, he said, with Center, was riding her bike on the Lower during which it was discovered that Mr. a bath to separate the evening from the day, chains on their doors, an eerie sight. East Side when a garbage truck knocked Busby was paying too much rent. (His puts on a podcast, lights a candle. Even clos- “Now,” he added, “I’m cleaning my apart- her down and dragged her 20 feet. She lost apartment falls under the city’s rent guide- ing the bathroom door, she said, makes her ment, thinning the herd.” her leg, her hip and her job, which she lines.) Post-renovation, a few original ten- feel refreshed when she re-enters the living “There’s a saying: You learn the most adored. Now 52, Ms. Pine has found within ants remain, as Mr. Busby said, “old gar- space. from either traveling the world and living in herself reserves of patience, which have goyles like me hanging around in the cor- Then she calls her parents, another cue different places, or staying put and watch- been serving her well since the virus closed ners.” that distances “home” life from work life. ing the river go by,” he said. “I’ve been the city. Nearly a year ago, he fell and fractured a The strict routine sustains and buoys her. watching the river go by.” “Sitting in an Access-A-Ride for two hip. Other medical horrors ensued. As his “Our lives in the offices have clear edges,” hours was not unheard-of and as much as I injuries have curtailed his movements and she said. “When you work from home, ev- hated it, it has tempered me to tolerate a lot, sheltering from the spread of the novel co- erything begins to blend together and that Bathroom as Office and not be a narcissistic freak,” she said of ronavirus has shut out nearly everything takes a toll. Clear boundaries are key.”’ The good part of the 237-square foot studio life before the coronavirus outbreak. else, he finds himself recalling a lesson rented by Morgan Avery and Andrew Sis- Now, it may take her two hours to get pro- learned from Robert Altman, the director, poidis for $2,300 is everything is a few feet visions from C Town, the grocery store a who cast him as a preacher in the 1978 film ‘Thinning the Herd’ away. The bad part? Everything is a few block away from the rent-stabilized railroad “A Wedding.” It was just before the blackout of 1977 that feet away. flat near Tompkins Square Park where she “I was so scared, I could hardly breathe,” John Holmstrom, the indie cartoonist, co- Social distancing has always been a part has lived for the past 23 years, for which she Mr. Busby remembered. “Altman said: ‘Be founder of Punk Magazine and former High of the couple’s dynamic, if not their lexicon. pays $1,270. Armed with a backpack and grateful for anyone or any thing that makes Times editor and publisher, moved into his Together 25 years, Ms. Avery, 51, manager crutches, it’s a ballet that begins inside the you this nervous. Don’t focus on the fear, fo- railroad flat on East 10th Street — three of the editorial department of an advertis- 400-square-foot apartment: on goes the cus on the energy, and use that as your raw “rooms,” 350 square feet, no doors. ing agency, and Mr. Sispoidis, 54, an execu- prosthetic leg, then the gloves and a mask. material.’” He had been couch surfing, and living in tive coach and artist, have spent the last six Back home with her groceries, the dance Mr. Busby is drawing on that lesson more Punk’s early offices on 10th Avenue, among years in their nestlike apartment on Gay is reversed and amplified: The gloves come and more lately, he said. But the sun still other berths, before inheriting the lease on Street in Manhattan. off and are discarded; on go new gloves; pours through his stained glass windows, this apartment from two friends: Robin “You have to be supernaturally quiet,” and out come the wipes to unpack the gro- and neighbors and friends drop off food, and Rothman, who was a girlfriend of Joey Ra- said Ms. Avery, to give each other space or if ceries. “I think of the virus as glitter in a if he can’t walk, he can still write, and so his mone’s, and a singer who worked the door someone is sleeping. They share a twin bed nightclub,” Ms. Pine said. “You might not world is as big as it needs to be. at CBGB and went by the name deerfrance. that doubles as a sofa (she is 5-foot-2 and he have worn it going in, but it’s everywhere “I’m the most fortunate man,” he said. The rent at the time was $120, and Mr. is 5-foot-8). They can hear each other chew- when you come out.” “My whole life has been that when I really Holmstrom could barely scratch it together. ing from across the room, a particular irri- Until her accident, her apartment was a need something, it just materializes. A (It is currently $622.30.) Someone had tant for Ms. Avery. She will shoot her hus- “storage unit,” Ms. Pine said. “I slept here. I neighbor just made a wonderful soup, and painted the walls with what Mr. Holmstrom band a baleful glance, and he’ll say: “I hardly ever cooked. I was scared to enter- I’m luxuriating with that. It’s one of the described as “hippie graffiti, those dopey know, I know. I’ll try to stop breathing now.” tain because it was too messy. I’m not a pleasures of isolation, finding something fluorescent swirls,” and it took him years to Mr. Sispoidis has always worked from great homemaker.” that tastes extremely good.” get it off. Otherwise the place was just right home; Ms. Avery has only recently been do- Her gas bill was so low that Con Edison for a 24-year-old cartoonist, just a mattress ing so. More compromises, more social dis- once called to make sure everything was on the floor and not much else. tancing. Mr. Sispoidis uses the tiny bath- working. ‘Clear Boundaries are Key’ The place is standard tenement issue: 12 room as his office when he has calls, many “People who say they’re bored, in my On a chalkboard-painted closet door, Jillian feet wide, bathtub in the kitchen, a water of which can last for hours. Ms. Avery re- world that’s an immediate shunning of- White, a director of a mortgage company, closet and no room for a proper stove or treats there at night, for Zoom parties with fense,” Ms Pine said. “Do something. Volun- has copied what has become a contempo- fridge. Mr. Holmstrom, now 66, cooks with a friends from college. teer. Take an online course,” as she is doing. rary homage to Rosa Parks, surely one of hot plate and toaster oven, and he has grad- And they have developed a signaling sys- Ms. Pine was particularly amused by the the best boundary setters of the last cen- uated to a bunk bed, sleeping on the bottom tem to create a zone of silence for the long toilet-paper panic. Another two-legged tury. It’s a line now printed on T-shirts and and using the top for storage. stretches when Ms. Avery is at the kitchen problem. “You don’t have to go to Whole hoodies; Ms. White found it on a poster on His collections (comic books, DVDs and counter with her laptop, and Mr. Sispoidis is Foods,” she said. “You can find toilet paper Etsy. CDs) spill out of the shelves along the walls. not cloistered in the bathroom but sitting at every bodega. People don’t seem to know “Nah,” it reads. “R. Parks, 1955.” You can Five years ago, Mr. Holmstrom donated his three feet away from her on the sofa. how New York works.”