Cox, Jacob Dolson. Military Reminiscences of the Civil War. 2 vols. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1900.

Volume I CHAPTER I THE OUTBREAK OF THE WAR 1 Ohio Senate, April 12 Sumter bombarded "Glory to God!" The surrender Effect on public sentiment Call for troops Politicians changing front David Tod Stephen A. Douglas The insurrection must be crushed Garfield on personal duty Troops organized by the States The militia Unpreparedness McClellan at Columbus Meets Governor Dennison Put in command Our stock of munitions Making estimates McClellan’s plan Camp Jackson Camp Dennison Gathering of the volunteers Garibaldi uniforms Officering the troops Off for Washington Scenes in the State Capitol Governor Dennison s labors Young regulars Scott’s policy Alex. McCook Orlando Poe Not allowed to take state commissions CHAPTER II CAMP DENNISON 21 Laying out the camp Rosecrans as engineer A comfortless night Waking to new duties Floors or no floors for the huts Hardee s Tactics The water-supply Colonel Tom Worthington Joshua Sill Brigades organized Bates’s brigade Schleich’s My own McClellan’s purpose Division organization Garfield disappointed Camp routine Instruction and drill Camp cookery Measles Hospital barn Sisters of Charity Ferment over re-enlistment Musters by Gordon Granger " Food for powder " Brigade staff De Villiers "A Captain of Calvary" The "Bloody Tenth" Almost a row Summoned to the field. CHAPTER III McCLELLAN IN WEST VIRGINIA 40 Political attitude of West Virginia Rebels take the initiative McClellan ordered to act Ohio militia cross the river The Philippi affair Significant dates The vote on secession Virginia in the Confederacy Lee in command Topography The mountain passes Garnett s army Rich Mountain position McClellan in the field His forces Advances against Garnett Rosecrans’s proposal His fight on the mountain McClellan’s inaction Garnett s retreat Affair at Carrick s Ford Garnett killed Hill s efforts to intercept Pegram in the wilderness He surrenders Indirect results important McClellan s military and personal traits. CHAPTER IV THE KANAWHA VALLEY ...... 59 Orders for the Kanawha expedition The troops and their quality Lack of artillery and cavalry Assembling at Gallipolis District of the Kanawha Numbers of the opposing forces Method of advance Use of steamboats Advance guards on river banks Camp at Thirteen-mile Creek Night alarm The river chutes Sunken obstructions Pocotaligo Affair at Barboursville Affair at Scary Creek Wise s position at Tyler Mountain His precipitate retreat Occupation of Charleston Rosecrans succeeds McClellan Advance toward Gauley Bridge Insubordination The Newspaper Correspondent Occupation of Gauley Bridge. CHAPTER V GAULEY BRIDGE 80 The gate of the Kanawha valley The wilderness beyond West Virginia defences A romantic post Chaplain Brown An adventurous mission Chaplain Dubois "The river path" Gauley Mount Colonel Tompkins s home Bowie-knives Truculent resolutions The Engineers Whittlesey, Benham, Wagner Fortifications Distant reconnoissances Comparison of forces Dangers to steamboat communications Allotment of duties The Summersville post Seventh Ohio at Cross Lanes Scares and rumors Robert E. Lee at Valley Mountain Floyd and Wise advance Rosecrans’s orders The Cross Lanes affair Major Casement s creditable retreat Colonel

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Tyler s reports Lieutenant-Colonel Creighton Quarrels of Wise and Floyd Ambushing rebel cavalry Affair at Boone Court House New attack at Gauley Bridge An incipient mutiny Sad result A notable court-martial Rosecrans marching toward us Communications renewed Advance toward Lewisburg Camp Lookout A private sorrow. CHAPTER VI CARNIFEX FERRY To SEWELL MOUNTAIN AND BACK . . 105 Rosecrans s march to join me Reaches Cross Lanes Advance against Floyd Engagement at Carnifex Ferry My advance to Sunday Road Conference with Rosecrans McCook’s brigade joins me Advance to Camp Lookout Brigade commanders Rosecrans’s personal characteristics Hartsuff Floyd and Wise again " Battle of Bontecou " Sewell Mountain The equinoctial General Schenck arrives Rough lodgings Withdrawal from the mountain Rear-guard duties Major Slemmer of Fort Pickens fame New positions coveing Gauley Bridge Floyd at Cotton Mountain Rosecrans’s methods with private soldiers Progress in discipline. CHAPTER VII COTTON MOUNTAIN 129 Floyd cannonades Gauley Bridge Effect on Rosecrans Topography of Gauley Mount De Villiers runs the gantlet Movements of our forces Explaining orders A hard climb on the mountain In the post at Gauley Bridge Moving magazine and telegraph A balky mule-team Ammunition train under fire Captain Fitch a model quartermaster Plans to entrap Floyd Moving supply trains at night Method of working the ferry Of making flatboats The Cotton Mountain affair Rosecrans dissatisfied with Benham Vain plans to reach East Tennessee. CHAPTER VIII WINTER- QUARTERS 146 An impracticable country Movements suspended Experienced troops ordered away My orders from Washington Rosecrans objects A disappointment Winter organization of the Department Sifting our material Courts-martial Regimental schools Drill and picket duty A military execution Effect upon the army Political sentiments of the people Rules of conduct toward them Case of Mr. Parks Mr. Summers Mr. Patrick Mr. Lewis Ruffner Mr. Doddridge Mr. B. F. Smith A house divided against itself Major Smith’s journal The contrabands A fugitive-slave case Embarrassments as to military jurisdiction. CHAPTER IX PACK VOLUNTEERS AND REGULARS 165 High quality of first volunteers Discipline milder than that of the regulars Reasons for the difference Practical efficiency of the men Necessity for sifting the officers Analysis of their defects What is military aptitude ? Diminution of number in ascending scale Effect of age Of former life and occupation Embarrassments of a new business Quick progress of the right class of young men Political appointments Professional men Political leaders naturally prominent in a civil war " Cutting and trying " Dishonest methods An excellent army at the end of a year The regulars in 1861 Entrance examinations for West Point The curriculum there Drill and experience Its limitations Problems peculiar to the vast increase of the army Ultra-conservatism Attitude toward the Lincoln administration " Point de zele " Lack of initiative Civil work of army engineers What is military art ? Opinions of experts Military history European armies in the Crimean War True generalship Anomaly of a double army organization. CHAPTER X THE MOUNTAIN DEPARTMENT SPRING CAMPAIGN . . . 192 Rosecrans s plan of campaign Approved by McClellan with modifications Wagons or pack- mules Final form of plan Changes in commands McClellan limited to Army of the Potomac Halleck s Department of the Mississippi Fremont’s Mountain Department Rosecrans superseded Preparations in the Kanawha District Batteaux to supplement steamboats Light wagons for mountain work Fremont’s plan East Tennessee as an objective The supply question Banks in the

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Shenandoah valley Milroy s advance Combat at McDowell Banks defeated Fremont s plans deranged Operations in the Kanawha valley Organization of brigades Brigade commanders Advance to Narrows of New River The field telegraph Concentration of the enemy Affair at Princeton Position at Flat-top Mountain. CHAPTER XI POPE IN COMMAND TRANSFER TO WASHINGTON . . . . 217 A key position Crook s engagement at Lewisburg Watching and scouting Mountain work Pope in command Consolidation of Departments Suggestions of our transfer to the East Pope s Order No. 1 1 and Address to the Army Orders to march across the mountains Discussion of them Changed to route by water and rail Ninety-mile march Logistics Arriving in Washington Two regiments reach Pope Two sent to Manassas Jackson captures Manassas Railway broken McClellan at Alexandria Engagement at Bull Run Bridge Ordered to Upton s Hill Covering Washington Listening to the Bull Run battle Ill news travels fast. CHAPTER XII RETREAT WITHIN THE LINES REORGANIZATION HALLECK AND HIS SUBORDINATES 240 McClellan s visits to my position Riding the lines Discussing the past campaign The withdrawal from the James Prophecy McClellan and the soldiers He is in command of the defences Intricacy of official relations Reorganization begun Pope’s army marches through our works Meeting of McClellan and Pope Pope’s characteristics Undue depreciation of him The situation when Halleck was made General- in-Chief Pope s part in it Reasons for dislike on the part of the Potomac Army McClellan s secret service Deceptive information of the enemy s force Information from prisoners and citizens Effects of McClellan’s illusion as to Lee s strength Halleck’s previous career Did he intend to take command in the field? His abdication of the field command The necessity for a union of forces in Virginia McClellan s inaction was Lee’s opportunity Slow transfer of the Army of the Potomac Halleck burdened with subordinate s work Burnside twice declines the command It is given to McClellan Pope relieved Other changes in organization Consolidation New campaign begun. CHAPTER XIII SOUTH MOUNTAIN 263 March through Washington Reporting to Burnside The Ninth Corps Burnside’s personal qualities To Leesboro Straggling Lee s army at Frederick Our deliberate advance Reno at New Market The march past Reno and Hayes Camp gossip Occupation of Frederick Affair with Hamp ton s cavalry Crossing Catoctin Mountain The valley and South Mountain Lee s order found Division of his army Jackson at Harpers Ferry Supporting Pleasonton’s reconnaissance Meeting Colonel Moor An involuntary warning Kanawha Division s advance Opening of the battle Carrying the mountain crest The morning fight Lull at noon Arrival of supports Battle renewed Final success Death of Reno Hooker s battle on the right His report Burnside’s comments Franklin’s engagement at Crampton s Gap. CHAPTER XIV ANTIETAM : PRELIMINARY MOVEMENTS 295 Lee’s plan of invasion Changed by McClellan s advance The position at Sharpsburg Our routes of march At the Antietam McClellan reconnoitering Lee striving to concentrate Our delays Tuesday’s quiet Hooker’s evening march The Ninth Corps command Changing our positions McClellan’s plan of battle Hooker’s evening skirmish Mansfield goes to support Hooker Confederate positions Jackson arrives McLaws and Walker reach the field Their places.

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CHAPTER XV ANTIETAM : THE FIGHT ON THE RIGHT 312 Hooker astir early The field near the Dunker Church Artillery combat Positions of Hooker’s divisions Rocky ledges in the woods Advance of Doubleday through Miller s orchard and garden Enemy s fire from West Wood They rush for Gibbon s battery Repulse Advance of Patrick s brigade Fierce fighting along the turnpike Ricketts s division in the East Wood Fresh effort of Meade s division in the centre A lull in the battle Mansfield’s corps reaches the field Conflicting opinions as to the hour Mansfield killed Command devolves on Williams Advance through East Wood Hooker wounded Meade in command of the corps It with draws Greene s division reaches the Dunker Church Crawford’s in the East Wood Terrible effects on the Confederates Sumner’s corps coming up Its formation It moves on the Dunker Church from the east Divergence of the divisions Sedgwick’s passes to right of Greene Attacked in flank and broken Rallying at the Poffenberger hill Twelfth Corps hanging on near the church Advance of French s division Richardson follows later Bloody Lane reached The Piper house Franklin s corps arrives Charge of Irwin’s brigade. CHAPTER XVI ANTIETAM : THE FIGHT ON THE LEFT 332 Ninth Corps positions near Antietam Creek Rodman’s division at lower ford Sturgis s at the bridge Burnside’s headquarters on the field View from his place of the battle on the right French’s fight An exploding caisson Our orders to attack The hour Crisis of the battle Discussion of the sequence of events The Burnside bridge Exposed approach Enfiladed by enemy’s artillery Disposition of enemy s troops His position very strong Importance of Rodman s movement by the ford The fight at the bridge Repulse Fresh efforts Tactics of the assault Success Formation on further bank Bringing up ammunition Willcox relieves Sturgis The latter now in support Advance against Sharpsburg Fierce combat Edge of the town reached Rodman s advance on the left A. P. Hill s Confederate division arrives from Harpers Ferry Attacks Rodman s flank A raw regiment breaks The line retires Sturgis comes into the gap Defensive position taken and held Enemy s assaults repulsed Troops sleeping on their arms McClellan s reserve Other troops not used McClellan s idea of Lee s force and plans Lee’s retreat The terrible casualty lists. CHAPTER XVII McCLELLAN AND POLITICS HlS REMOVAL AND ITS CAUSE 354 Meeting Colonel Key His changes of opinion His relations to McClellan Governor Dennison’s influence McClellan’s attitude toward Lincoln Burnside’s position The Harrison Landing letter Compared with Lincoln’s views Probable intent of the letter Incident at McClellan’s headquarters John W. Garrett Emancipation Proclamation An after- dinner discussion of it Contrary influences Frank advice Burnside and John Cochrane General Order 163 Lincoln’s visit to camp Riding the field A review Lincoln’s desire for continuing the campaign McClellan’s hesitation His tactics of discussion His exaggeration of difficulties Effect on his army Disillusion a slow process Lee s army not better than Johnston’s Work done by our Western army Difference in morale An army rarely bolder than its leader Correspondence between Halleck and McClellan Lincoln’s remarkable letter on the campaign The army moves on November 2 Lee regains the line covering Richmond McClellan relieved Burnside in command. CHAPTER XVIII PERSONAL RELATIONS OF MCCLELLAN, BURNSIDE, AND PORTER 376 Intimacy of McClellan and Burnside Private letters in the official files Burnside’s mediation His self-forgetful devotion The movement to join Pope Burnside forwards Porter’s dispatches His

4 double refusal of the command McClellan suspends the organization of wings His relations to Porter Lincoln’s letter on the subject Fault-finding with Burnside Whose work? Burnside’s appearance and bearing in the field. CHAPTER XIX RETURN TO WEST VIRGINIA 391 Ordered to the Kanawha valley again An unwelcome surprise Reasons for the order Reporting to Halleck at Washington Affairs in the Kanawha in September Lightburn’s positions Enemy under Loring advances Affair at Fayette C. H. Lightburn retreats Gauley Bridge abandoned Charleston evacuated Disorderly flight to the Ohio Enemy’s cavalry raid under Jenkins General retreat in Tennessee and Kentucky West Virginia not in any Department Now annexed to that of Ohio Morgan’s retreat from Cumberland Gap Ordered to join the Kanawha forces Milroy’s brigade also My interviews with Halleck and Stanton Promotion My task My division sent with me District of West Virginia Colonel Crook promoted Journey westward Governor Pierpoint Governor Tod General Wright Destitution of Morgan’s column Refitting at Portland, Ohio Night drive to Gallipolis An amusing accident Inspection at Point Pleasant Milroy ordered to Parkersburg Milroy s qualities Interruptions to movement of troops No wagons Supplies delayed Confederate retreat Loring relieved Echols in command Our march up the valley Echols retreats We occupy Charleston and Gauley Bridge Further advance stopped Our forces reduced Distribution of remaining troops Alarms and minor movements Case of Mr. Summers His treatment by the Confederates. CHAPTER XX WINTER QUARTERS, 1862-63 PROMOTIONS AND POLITICS 420 Central position of Marietta, Ohio Connection with all parts of West Virginia Drill and instruction of troops Guerilla warfare Partisan Rangers Confederate laws Disposal of plunder Mosby’s Rangers as a type Opinions of Lee, Stuart, and Rosser Effect on other troops Rangers finally abolished Rival home-guards and militia Horrors of neighborhood war Staff and staff duties Reduction of forces General Cluseret Later connection with the Paris Commune His relations with Milroy He resigns Political situation Congressmen distrust Lincoln Cutler s diary Resolutions regarding appointments of general officers The number authorized by law Stanton s report Effect of Act of July, 1862 An excess of nine major-generals The legal questions involved Congressional patronage and local distribution Ready for a " deal " Bill to increase the number of generals A slate " made up to exhaust the number Senate and House disagree Conference Agreement in last hours of the session The new list A few vacancies by resignation, etc. List of those dropped My own case Faults of the method Lincoln s humorous comments Curious case of General Turchin Congestion in the highest grades Effects Confederate grades of general and lieutenant-general Superiority of our system Cotemporaneous reports and criticisms New regiments instead of recruiting old ones Sherman s trenchant opinion. CHAPTER XXI FAREWELL TO WEST VIRGINIA BURNSIDE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO 442 Desire for field service Changes in the Army of the Potomac Judgment of McClellan at that time Our defective knowledge Changes in West Virginia Errors in new organization Embarrassments resulting Visit to General Schenck New orders from Washington Sent to Ohio to administer the draft _^ Burnside at head of the department District of Ohio Headquarters at Cincinnati Cordial relations of Governor Tod with the military authorities System of enrolment and draft Administration by Colonel Fry Decay of the veteran regiments Bounty-jumping Effects on political parties Soldiers voting Burnside’s military plans East Tennessee Rosecrans aiming at Chattanooga Burnside s business habits His frankness Stories about him His personal

5 characteristics Cincinnati as a border city Rebel sympathizers Order No. 38 Challenged by Vallandigham The order not a new departure Lincoln’s proclamation General Wright’s circular. CHAPTER XXII THE VALLANDIGHAM CASE THE HOLMES COUNTY WAR . 458 Clement L. Vallandigham His opposition to the war His theory of reconstruction His Mount Vernon speech His arrest Sent before the military commission General Potter its president Counsel for the prisoner The line of defence The judgment Habeas Corpus proceedings Circuit Court of the United States Judge Leavitt denies the release Commutation by the President Sent beyond the lines Conduct of Confederate authorities Vallandigham in Canada Candidate for Governor Political results Martial law Principles underlying it Practical application The intent to aid the public enemy The intent to defeat the draft Armed resistance to arrest of deserters, Noble County To the enrolment in Holmes County A real insurrection Connection of these with Vallandigham’s speeches The Supreme Court refuses to interfere Action in the Milligan case after the war Judge Davis s personal views Knights of the Golden Circle The Holmes County outbreak Its suppression Letter to Judge Welker. CHAPTER XXIII BURNSIDE AND ROSECRANS THE SUMMER S DELAYS . . 473 Condition of Kentucky and Tennessee Halleck s instructions to Burnside Blockhouses at bridges Relief of East Tennessee Conditions of the problem Vast wagon-train required Scheme of a railroad Surveys begun Burnside’s efforts to arrange co-operation with Rosecrans Bragg sending troops to Johnston Halleck urges Rosecrans to activity Continued inactivity Burnside ordered to send troops to Grant Rosecrans’s correspondence with Halleck Lincoln s dispatch Rosecrans collects his subordinates opinions Councils of war The situation considered Sheridan and Thomas Computation of effectives Garfield s summing up Review of the situation when Rosecrans succeeded Buell After Stone s River Relative forces Disastrous detached expeditions Appeal to ambition The major-generalship in regular army Views of the President justified Burnside s forces Confederate forces in East Tennessee Reasons for the double organization of the Union armies. CHAPTER XXIV THE MORGAN RAID 491 Departure of the staff for the field An amusingly quick return Changes in my own duties Expeditions to occupy the enemy Sanders raid into East Tennessee His route His success and return The Confederate Morgan s raid His instructions His reputation as a soldier Compared with Forrest Morgan’s start delayed His appearance at Green River, Ky. Foiled by Colonel Moore Captures Lebanon Reaches the Ohio at Brandenburg General Hobson in pursuit - Morgan crosses into Indiana Was this his original purpose? His route out of Indiana into Ohio He approaches Cincinnati Hot chase by Hobson Gunboats co-operating on the river Efforts to block his way He avoids garrisoned posts and cities Our troops moved in transports by water Condition of Morgan s jaded column Approaching the Ohio at Buffington’s Gunboats near the ford Hobson attacks Part captured, the rest fly northward Another capture A long chase Surrender of Morgan with the remnant Summary of results A burlesque capitulation. CHAPTER XXV THE LIBERATION OF EAST TENNESSEE 510 News of Grant s victory at Vicksburg A thrilling scene at the opera Burnside s Ninth Corps to return Stanton urges Rosecrans to advance The Tullahoma maneuvers Testy correspondence Its real meaning Urgency with Burnside Ignorance concerning his situation His disappointment as to Ninth Corps Rapid concentration of other troops Burnside’s march into East Tennessee Occupation of Knoxville Invests Cumberland Gap The garrison surrenders Good news from Rosecrans Distances between armies Divergent lines No railway communication Burnside

6 concentrates toward the Virginia line Joy of the people Their intense loyalty Their faith in the future. CHAPTER XXVI BURNSIDE IN EAST TENNESSEE 530 Organizing and arming the loyalists Burnside concentrates near Greeneville His general plan Rumors of Confederate reinforcements Lack of accurate information The Ninth Corps in Kentucky Its depletion by malarial disease Death of General Welsh from this cause Preparing for further work Situation on 16th September Dispatch from Halleck Its apparent purpose Necessity to dispose of the enemy near Virginia border Burnside personally at the front His great activity Ignorance of Rosecrans s peril Impossibility of joining him by the 2Oth Ruinous effects of abandoning East Tennessee Efforts to aid Rosecrans without such abandonment Enemy duped into burning Watauga bridge themselves Ninth Corps arriving Willcox s division garrisons Cumberland Gap Reinforcements sent Rosecrans from all quarters Chattanooga made safe from attack The supply question Meigs’s description of the roads Burnside halted near London Halleck’s misconception of the geography The people imploring the President not to remove the troops How Longstreet got away from Virginia Burnside s alternate plans Minor operations in upper Holston valley Wolford’s affair on the lower Holston. APPENDIX A 547 Kanawha Valley, 1861 APPENDIX B 547 Rutherford B. Hayes, Kanawha Valley Volume II CHAPTER XXVII GRANT IN COMMAND ROSECRANS RELIEVED 1 Importance of unity in command Inevitable difficulties in a double organization Burnside s problem different from that of Rosecrans Co-operation necessarily imperfect Growth of Grant’s reputation Solid grounds of it Special orders sent him Voyage to Cairo Meets Stanton at Louisville Division of the Mississippi created It included Burnside s and Rosecrans’s departments Alternate forms in regard to Rosecrans He is relieved Thomas succeeds him Grant s relations to the change His intellectual methods Taciturnity Patience Discussions in his presence Clear judgments His "good anecdote " Rosecrans sends Garfield to Washington Congressman or General Duplication of offices Interview between Garfield and Stanton Dana’s dispatches Garfield s visit to me Description of the rout of Rosecrans s right wing Effect on the general Retreat to Chattanooga Lookout Mountain abandoned The President s problem Dana s light upon it Stanton’s use of it Grant s acquiescence Subsequent relations of Garfield and Rosecrans Improving the " cracker line " Opening the Tennessee Combat at Wauhatchie. CHAPTER XXVIII SIEGE OF KNOXVILLE END OF BURNSIDE S CAMPAIGN . . 20 Departments not changed by Grant Sherman assigned to that of the Tennessee Burnside s situation and supplies His communications Building a railroad Threatened from Virginia His plans Bragg sends Longstreet into East Tennessee Their cross-purposes Correspondence of Grant and Burnside Dana and Wilson sent to consult Grant approves Burnside’s course Latter slowly retires on Knoxville The place prepared for a siege Combat at Campbell’s station Within the lines at Knoxville Topography of the place Defences Assignment of positions The forts General Sanders killed His self-sacrifice Longstreet s lines of investment His assault of Fort Sanders The combat The repulse The victory at Missionary Ridge and results Division of Confederate forces a mistake Grant sends Sherman to raise the siege of Knoxville East Tennessee a " horror " Longstreet retreats toward Virginia Sherman rejoins Grant Granger s unwillingness to remain General Foster sent to relieve Burnside Criticism of this act Halleck s misunderstanding of the real situation Grant’s easy comprehension of it His conduct in enlarged responsibility General Hunter s inspection report.

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CHAPTER XXIX AFFAIRS IN DISTRICT OF OHIO PLOT TO LIBERATE PRISON ERS AT JOHNSON S ISLAND 43 Administrative duties Major McLean adjutant-general His loyalty questioned Ordered away Succeeded by Captain Anderson Robert Anderson s family Vallandigham canvass Bounty- jumping Action of U. S. Courts of the local Probate Court Efforts to provoke collision Interview with the sheriff Letter to Governor Tod Shooting soldiers in Dayton The October election Great majority against Vallandigham The soldier vote Wish for field service Kinglake s Crimean War Its lessons Confederate plots in Canada Attempt on military prison at Johnson’s Island Assembling militia there Fortifying Sandusky Bay Inspection of the prison Condition and treatment of the prisoners. CHAPTER XXX A WINTER RIDE ON THE CUMBERLAND MOUNTAINS ... 67 Ordered to East Tennessee Preparation for a long ride A small party of officers Rendezvous at Lexington, Ky. Changes in my staff The escort A small train A gay cavalcade The blue-grass country War-time roads Valley of the Rockcastle Quarters for the night London Choice of routes Longstreet in the way A turn southward Williamsburg Meeting Burnside Fording the Cumberland Pine Mountain A hard pull Teamsters chorus Big Creek Gap First view of East Tennessee Jacksboro A forty-mile trot Escape from unwelcome duty In command of Twenty-third Corps The army-supply problem Siege bread Starved beef Burnside’s dinner to Sherman. CHAPTER XXXI WINTER BIVOUACS IN EAST TENNESSEE 86 Blain’s Cross-roads Hanson s headquarters A hearty welcome Establishing field quarters Tents and houses A good quartermaster Headquarters business Soldiers camps Want of clothing and shoes The rations Running the country mills Condition of horses and mules Visit to Opdycke s camp A Christmas dinner Veteran enlistments Patriotic spirit Detachment at Strawberry Plains Concentration of corps there Camp on a knoll A night scene Climate of the valley Affair at Mossy Creek New Year s blizzard Pitiful condition of the troops Patience and courage Zero weather. CHAPTER XXXII GRANT S VISIT THE DANDRIDGE AFFAIR 101 Grant at Knoxville Comes to Strawberry Plains A gathering at Parke s quarters Grant s quiet manner No conversational discussion Contrast with Sherman Talk of cadet days Grant’s riding-school story No council of war Qualities of his dispatches Returns by Cumberland Gap Longstreet s situation Destitution of both armies Railroad repairs and improved service Light- draught steamboats Bridges Cattle herds on the way Results of Grant s inspection tour Foster’s movement to Dandridge on the French Broad Sheridan His qualities August Willich Hazen His disagreement with Sheridan Its causes and consequences Combat at Dandridge A mutual surprise Sheridan s bridge An amusing blunder A consultation in Dandridge Sturgis s toddy Retreat to Strawberry Plains A hard night march A rough day An uncomfortable bivouac Concentration toward Knoxville Rumors of reinforcement of Longstreet Expectation of another siege The rumors untrue.

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CHAPTER XXXIII WINTER QUARTERS IN EAST TENNESSEE PREPARATIONS FOR a NEW CAMPAIGN 125 Sending our animals to Kentucky Consultations Affair with enemy s cavalry Roughing it Distribution of troops Cavalry engagement at Sevierville Quarters in Knoxville Leading Loyalists Social and domestic conditions Discussion of the spring campaign Of Foster’s successor Organization of Grant’s armies Embarrassments in assignment of officers to duty Discussion of the system Cipher telegraphing Control of the key Grant s collision with Stanton Absurdity of the War Department s method General Stoneman assigned to Twenty-third Corps His career and character General Schofield succeeds to the command of the Department of the Ohio. CHAPTER XXXIV SCHOFIELD IN EAST TENNESSEE DUTIES AS CHIEF OF STAFF FINAL OPERATIONS IN THE VALLEY . . . . 141 Fresh reports of Longstreet s advance They are unfounded Grant s wish to rid the valley of the enemy Conference with Foster Necessity for further recuperation of the army Continuance of the quiet policy Longstreet s view of the situation His suggestions to his government He makes an advance again Various demonstrations Schofield moves against Longstreet My appointment as chief of staff in the field Organization of the active column Schofield s purposes March to Morristown Going the Grand Rounds Cavalry outpost A sleepy sentinel Return to New Market Once more at Morristown Ninth Corps sent East Grant Lieutenant-General Sherman commands in the West Study of plans of campaign My assignment to Third Division, Twenty-third Corps Importance of staff duties Colonel Wherry and Major Campbell General Wood Schofield and the politicians Post at Bull’s Gap Grapevine telegraph Families going through the lines Local vendetta The Sanitary Commission Rendezvous assigned by Sherman Preliminary movements Marching to Georgia A spring camp on the Hiwassee The Atlanta campaign begun. CHAPTER XXXV GRANT, HALLECK, AND SHERMAN JOHNSTON AND MR. DAVIS 169 Grant’s desire for activity in the winter Scattering to live Subordinate movements The Meridian expedition Use of the Mississippi Sherman’s estimate of it Concentration to be made in the spring Grant joins the Potomac Army - Motives in doing so Meade as an army commander Halleck on concentration North Carolina expedition given up Burnside to join Grant Old relations of Sherman and Halleck Present cordial friendship Frank correspondence The supply question Railway administration Bridge defences Reduction of baggage Tents Sherman on spies and deserters Changes in Confederate army Bragg relieved Hardee Beauregard Johnston Davis s suggestion of plans Correspondence with Johnston Folk s mediation Characteristics Bragg s letters Lee writes Longstreet Johnston s dilatory discussion No results Longstreet joins Lee Grant and Sherman have the initiative Prices in the Confederacy. CHAPTER XXXVI ATLANTA CAMPAIGN: DALTON AND RESACA 196 The opposing forces North Georgia triangle Topography Dalton Army of the Ohio enters Georgia Positions of the other armies Turning Tunnel Hill First meeting with Sherman Thomas Sherman s plan as to Dalton McPherson s orders and movement Those of Thomas and Schofield Hopes of a decisive engagement Thomas attacks north end of Rocky Face Opdycke on the ridge Developing Johnston s lines Schofield’s advance on 9th May The flanking march through Snake Creek Gap Retiring movement of my division Passing lines Johnston s view of the situation Use of temporary intrenchments and barricades Passing the Snake Creek defile Camp Creek line A wheel in line Rough march of left flank Battle of Resaca

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Crossing Camp Creek Storming Confederate line My division relieved by Newton’s Incidents Further advance of left flank Progress of right flank Johnston retreats. CHAPTER XXXVII ATLANTA CAMPAIGN: ADVANCE TO THE ETOWAH . . . . 223 Tactics modified by character of the country Use of the spade Johnston’s cautious defensive Methods of Grant and Sherman Open country between Oostanaula and Etowah Movement in several columns Sherman s eagerness Route of left wing Of McPherson on the right Necessity of exact system in such marches Route of Twenty-third Corps Hooker gets in the way Delays occasioned Closing in on Cassville Our commanding position Johnston s march to Cassville His order to fight there Protest of Hood and Polk Retreat over the Etowah Sherman crosses near Kingston My reconnoissance to the Allatoona crossing Destruction of iron works and mills Marching without baggage Barbarism of war Desolation it causes Changes in our corps organization Hascall takes Judah’s division Our place of crossing the Etowah Interference again Kingston the new base Rations Camp coffee. CHAPTER XXXVIII ATLANTA CAMPAIGN : NEW HOPE CHURCH AND THE KENNESAW LINES 238 Sherman’s plan for June Movements of 24th May Johnston’s position at Dallas and New Hope Church We concentrate to attack Pickett s Mill Dallas Flanking movements Method developed by the character of the country Closer personal relations to Sherman Turning Johnston s right Cross roads at Burnt Church A tangled forest Fighting in a thunderstorm Sudden freshet Bivouac in a thicket Johnston retires to a new line Formidable character of the old one Sherman extends to the railroad on our left Blair’s corps joins the army General Hovey s retirement The principles involved Politics and promotions. CHAPTER XXXIX ATLANTA CAMPAIGN : MARIETTA LINES CROSSING THE CHATTAHOOCHEE 254 Continuous rains in June Allatoona made a field depot on the railway and fortified Johnston in the Marietta lines That from Pine Mountain to Lost Mountain abandoned Swinging our right flank Affair at Kolb s farm Preparing for a general attack Battle of Kennesaw The tactical problem Work of my division Topography about Cheney’s Our advance on the 27th Nickajack valley reached The army moves behind us Johnston retreats to the Chattahoochee Twenty-third Corps at Smyrna Camp-ground Crossing the Chattahoochee at Soap Creek At Roswell Johnston again retreats Correspondence with Davis Mission of B. H. Hill Visit of Bragg to Johnston Johnston’s unfortunate reticence He is relieved and Hood placed in command Significance of the change to the Confederacy and to us. CHAPTER XL HOOD S DEFENCE OF ATLANTA RESULTS OF ITS CAPTURE 278 Lines of supply by field trains Canvas pontoons Why replaced by bridges Wheeling toward Atlanta Battle of Peachtree Creek Battle of Atlanta Battle of Ezra Church Aggressive spirit of Confederates exhausted Sherman turns Atlanta by the south Pivot position of Twenty-third Corps Hood s illusions Rapidity of our troops in intrenching Movements of 3ist August Affair at Jonesboro Atlanta won Morale of Hood s army Exaggerating difference in numbers Examination of returns Efforts to bring back absentees The sweeping conscription Sherman s candid estimates Unwise use of cavalry Forrest s work Confederate estimate of Sherman s campaign. CHAPTER XLI THE REST AT ATLANTA STAFF ORGANIZATION AND CHANGES 292 Position of the Army of the Ohio at Decatur Refitting for a new campaign Depression of Hood s army Sherman s reasons for a temporary halt Fortifying Atlanta as a new base Officers detailed for the political campaign Schofield makes inspection tour of his department My temporary

10 command of the Army of the Ohio Furloughs and leaves of absence Promotions of several colonels General Hascall resigns Staff changes My military family Anecdote of Lieutenant Tracy Discipline of the army Sensitiveness to approval or blame Illustration Example of skirmishing advance Sufferings of non-combatants within our lines A case in point Pillaging and its results Citizens passing through the lines " The rigors of the climate " Visit of Messrs. Hill and Foster McPherson s death The loss to Sherman and to the army His personal traits Appointment of his successor. CHAPTER XLII CAMPAIGN OF OCTOBER HOOD MOVES UPON OUR COMMUNICATIONS 310 Hood’s plan to transfer the campaign to northern Georgia Made partly subordinate to Beauregard Forrest on a raid Sherman makes large detachments Sends Thomas to Tennessee Hood across the Chattahoochee Sherman follows Affair at Allatoona Planning the March to the Sea Sherman at Rome Reconnoissance down the Coosa Hood at Resaca Sherman in pursuit Hood retreats down the Chattooga valley We follow in two columns Concentrate at Gaylesville Beauregard and Hood at Gadsden Studying the situation Thomas’s advice Schofield rejoins Conference regarding the Twenty-third Corps Hood marches on Decatur His explanation of change of plan Sherman marches back to Rome We are ordered to join Thomas Hood repulsed at Decatur marches to Tuscumbia Our own march begun Parting with Sherman Dalton Chattanooga Presidential election Voting by steam Retrospect of October camp-life Camp sports Soldiers pets Story of a lizard. CHAPTER XLIII NASHVILLE CAMPAIGN HOOD S ADVANCE FROM THE TEN NESSEE 332 Schofield to command the army assembled at Pulaski Forrest’s Tennessee River raid Schofield at Johnsonville My division at Thompson s Hastening reinforcements to Thomas Columbia The barrens Pulaski Hood delays Suggests Purdy as a base He advances from Florence Our march to Columbia Thomas s distribution of the forces Decatur evacuated Pontoon bridge there Withdrawing from Columbia Posts between Nashville and Chattanooga The cavalry on 29th November Their loss of touch with the army. CHAPTER XLIV NASHVILLE HOOD S ARMY ROUTED 351 Defensive works of Nashville Hood s lines The ice blockade Halleck on remounts for cavalry Pressing horses and its abuse The cavalry problem Changes in organization Assignment of General Couch Confederate cavalry at Nashville Counter-movements of our own Detailed movements of our right Difference of recollection between Schofield and Wilson The field dispatches Carrying Hood’s works Confederate rout. CHAPTER XLV PURSUIT OF HOOD END OF THE CAMPAIGN 367 Night after the battle Unusual exposure Hardships of company officers Bad roads Halt at Franklin Visiting the battlefield Continued pursuit Decatur reoccupied Hood at Tupelo, Miss. Summary of captures Thomas suggests winter-quarters Grant orders continued activity Schofield’s proposal to move the corps to the East Grant s correspondence with Sherman Schofield s suggestion adopted Illness I ask for " sick-leave " Do not use it Promotion Reinforcements March from Columbia to Clifton Columns on different roads Western part of the barrens Fording Buffalo River An illumined camp Dismay of the farmer Clifton on the Tennessee Admiral Lee Methods of transport Weary waiting Private grumbling Ordered East Revulsion of spirits On the transport fleet Thomas’s frame of mind at close of the campaign.

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CHAPTER XLVI CAMPAIGN IN NORTH CAROLINA CAPTURE OF WILMINGTON 390 Rendezvous at Washington Capture of Fort Fisher Schofield ordered to North Carolina Grant and Schofield visit Terry Department of North Carolina Army of the Ohio in the field Correspondence of Grant and Sherman Sherman conscious of his risks but hopeful of great results His plan of march from Savannah Relation of Wilmington to New Berne Our arrival at Washington The Potomac frozen Peace conference at Fort Monroe Interview with Mr. Stanton The thirteenth amendment of the Constitution Political excitement at the capital A little dinner- party Garfield, H. W. Davis, and Schenck Davis on Lincoln Destination of our army Embarkation Steamship " Atlantic " Visit to Fort Monroe The sea-voyage Cape Fear Inlet General Terry’s lines Bragg the Confederate commander Reconnoitring his lines The colored troops " Monitor " engaged with Fort Anderson Alternate plans Marching on Wilmington by the west bank of the river My column opposite the town Orders not applicable to the situation Difficulty of communication Use of discretion Wilmington evacuated A happy result. CHAPTER XLVII THE CONFEDERACY IN STRAITS JOHNSTON COMMANDS IN THE CAROLINAS OUR OPERATIONS FROM NEW BERNE -BATTLE OF KINSTON 419 The Confederates lose Charleston and Columbia Facing a crisis Hopeless apathy of Southern people Mr. Davis’s perplexity Beauregard startles him Lee calls Johnston to command Personal relations of leading officers Dwindling armies The cavalry Assignments of generals The Beaufort and New Berne line Am ordered to New Berne Provisional corps Advance to cover railway building Dover and Gum swamps Bragg concentrates to oppose us Position near Kinston Bragg s plan of attack Our own movements Condition of railroad and river Our advance to Wise s Forks and Southwest Creek Precautions Conference with Schofield Battle of Kinston Enemy attack our left front Rout of Upham s brigade Main line firm Ruger s division reaches the field Enemy repulsed End of first day s fight Extending ourtrenches on the left Sharp skirmishing of the Qth Bragg’s reinforcements His attack of the loth Final repulse and re treat of the enemy. CHAPTER XLVIII JUNCTION WITH SHERMAN AT GOLDSBOROUGH THE MARCH ON RALEIGH CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES 445 Occupation of Kinston Opening of Neuse River Rebel ram destroyed Listening to the distant battle at Bentonville Entering Goldsborough Meeting Sherman Grant s congratulations His own plans Sketch of Sherman s march Lee and Johnston s correspondence Their gloomy outlook Am made commandant of Twenty-third Corps Terry assigned to Tenth Schofield promoted in the Regular Army Stanton’s proviso 111 effects of living on the country Stopping it in North Carolina Camp jubilee over the fall of Richmond Changes in Sherman’s plans Our march on Smithfield House-burning News of Lee s surrender Overtures from Governor Vance Entering Raleigh A mocking-bird’s greeting Further negotiations as to North Carolina Johnston proposes an armistice Broader scope of negotiations The Southern people desire peace Terrors of non-combatants assuaged News of Lincoln’s assassination Precautions to preserve order The dawn of peace. CHAPTER XLIX THE SHERMAN- JOHNSTON CONVENTION 467 Sherman’s earlier views of the slavery question Opinions in 1864 War rights vs. statesmanship Correspondence with Halleck Conference with Stanton at Savannah Letter to General Robert Anderson Conference with Lincoln at City Point First effect of the assassination of the President Situation on the Confederate side Davis at Danville Cut off from Lee Goes to Greensborough Calls Johnston to conference Lee’s surrender The Greensborough meeting Approach of Stoneman s cavalry raid Vance s deputation to Sherman Davis orders their arrest Vance asserts

12 his loyalty Attempts to concentrate Confederate forces on the Greensborough-Charlotte line Cabinet meeting Overthrow of the Confederacy acknowledged Davis still hopeful Yields to the cabinet Dictates Johnston s letter to Sherman Sherman’s reply Meeting arranged Sherman sends preliminary correspondence to Washington The Durham meeting The negotiations Two points of difficulty Second day’s session Johnston’s power to promise the disbanding of the civil government The terms agreed upon Transmittal letters Assembling the Virginia legislature Sherman’s wish to make explicit declaration of the end of slavery The assassination affecting public sentiment Sherman s personal faith in Johnston He sees the need of modifying the terms Grant’s arrival. CHAPTER L THE SECOND SHERMAN- JOHNSTON CONVENTION SURRENDER 489 Davis’s last cabinet meeting Formal opinions approving the "Basis" "The Confederacy is conquered" Grant brings disapproval from the Johnson administration Sherman gives notice of the termination of the truce No military disadvantage from it Sherman’s vindication of himself Grant’s admirable conduct Johnston advises Davis to yield Capitulation assented to, but a volunteer cavalry force to accompany Davis’s flight A new conference at Durham Davis s imaginary treasure Grant‘s return to Washington Terms of the parole given by Johnston’s army The capitulation complete Scho- field and his army to carry out the details The rest of Sherman’s army marches north His farewell to Johnston Order announcing the end of the war Johnston s fine reply Stanton s strange dispatch to the newspapers Its tissue of errors Its baseless objections Sherman s exasperation Interference with his military authority over his subordinates Garbling Grant’s dispatch Sherman strikes back Breach between Sherman and Halleck It also grew out of the published matter Analysis of the facts My opinion as recorded at the time. CHAPTER LI PAROLING AND DISBANDING JOHNSTON S ARMY CLOSING SCENES OF THE WAR IN NORTH CAROLINA . . . . 519 General Schofield’s policy when left in command Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation in force Davis s line of flight from Charlotte, N. C. Wade Hampton’s course of conduct Fate of the cabinet officers Bragg, Wheeler, and Cooper Issuing paroles to Johnston and his army Greensborough in my district Going there with Schofield Hardee meets and accompanies us Comparing memories We reach Johnston’s headquarters Condition of his army Our personal interview with him The numbers of his troops His opinion of Sherman’s army Of the murder of Lincoln Governor Morehead’s home The men in gray march homeward Inci dent of a flag The Salisbury prison site Treatment of prisoners of war Local government in the interim Union men Elements of new strife The negroes Household service Wise dealing with the labor question No money Death of manufactures Necessity the mother of invention Uses of adversity Peace welcomed Visit to Greene’s battlefield at Guilford-Old-Court-House. APPENDIX C testimonials for Cox from commanders 551

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