A Guide for Reporting on LGBT People in Mississippi
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A Guide for Reporting SOUTHERN on LGBT People in STORIES Mississippi GLAAD extends its thanks to Comcast NBC Universal for generously underwriting the Southern Stories initiative. Additional support provided by Tawani Foundation, The Gill Foundation, and B.W. Bastian Foundation. GLAAD Southern Stories A Guide for Reporting on LGBT People in Mississippi Getting Started 4 Terms and Definitions 5 Mississippi’s LGBT History 6 When GLAAD’s 2015 Accelerating Acceptance report revealed that levels of discomfort towards the LGBT community are as high as 43% in America—and spike to 61% in the U.S. South—we knew we had to act. Now in its second year, this ongoing study by GLAAD and our partners at The Terms to Avoid 10 Harris Poll of Americans’ attitudes towards the LGBT community shows that while comfort levels may be rising, more than half of Southerners believe their peers remain uncomfortable around LGBT people in various day-to-day situations, such as seeing a same-sex couple holding hands or learning a family member is LGBT. To Defamatory Language 11 accelerate LGBT acceptance in the U.S. South and to counter the growing levels of apathy towards LGBT acceptance nationwide, GLAAD is telling the stories of LGBT people from across the region through our Southern Stories initiative. We are amplifying experiences of LGBT people who are resilient in the face of inequality and Best Practices in Media Coverage 12 adversity and are building a culture in which they are able not only to survive, but also to thrive. These are impactful stories with the power to change hearts and minds, but they are too often missed or ignored altogether. In some ways, it’s both the “best of times” Pitfalls to Avoid and the “worst of times” for the LGBT community 13 in Mississippi. While Mississippi has the highest number of same-sex couples raising children, it was also the first state to enact a so-called “religious freedom” law, which gives license to businesses to discriminate against LGBT people. This dichotomy illustrates both the Story Ideas 14 challenges that LGBT Mississippians face, as well as how LGBT families have worked hard to build community and live the lives they love. Our hope is that this guide will serve as a useful tool for the media as it works to effectively tell the stories of LGBT people in Mississippi during this new era of progress and possibility. Organizations 15 As always, GLAAD stands ready to assist in any way possible to ensure that LGBT Mississippians’ voices are heard in local and national media. Sarah Kate Ellis GLAAD’s Assistance 16 GLAAD President & CEO 3 GLAAD Southern Stories A Guide for Reporting on LGBT People in Mississippi Getting Started LGBT Mississippians strive to live their fullest lives despite In response to the passage of Mississippi’s so-called “Religious encountering hurdles along the way. For instance, Tupelo is home Freedom Restoration Act” in 2014, many of the state’s municipalities to the anti-LGBT group American Family Values Association, an also passed (non-binding) nondiscrimination resolutions organization that believes being gay “is a poor and dangerous supporting protections inclusive of gender identity, gender choice” that creates “a litany of health hazards to…society as a expression, and sexual orientation.6 Marriage is legal, following whole.”1 the U.S. Supreme Court’s Obergefell v. Hodges ruling in June 2015, However, no other state in the nation is home to a larger and despite some resistance from marriage officiators, many LGBT proportion of LGBT couples raising families.2 LGBT people in couples, as well as religious and secular marriage officiators, are Mississippi, including the 26% of Mississippi same-sex couples coming together in matrimony at last. raising children,3 are testaments to the vibrancy that has long There’s still work to be done before LGBT people reach full persevered in a state in which LGBT citizens are not wholly accepted acceptance and equality in Mississippi, and until then, they will by their neighbors or treated as equals in the eyes of the law. continue to face challenges head on, build bright futures for LGBT people in Mississippi currently lack statewide protections their communities, and live their lives authentically throughout that would prohibit discrimination in housing, employment, the Magnolia State. In the words of lesbian advocate Reverend bullying, health care, and public accommodations. But fortunately, Brandiilyne Dear, “I’m not willing to live quietly. We need to live many of their fellow Southerners stand with them in support of authentic lives and our communities need to see us and so we equality. Seventy-eight percent of non-LGBT people living in the really encourage people to live authentic lives, especially in this South agree that despite achieving marriage equality for same-sex area. This is my state and you know what I’ve just decided that couples, there is still more work to be done before LGBT people you’re not going to run me off. I’m going to live my life and I’m going reach full acceptance. 4 In some places, such support has even been to do everything I possibly can to change things.” 7 put into action, helping to legally protect the LGBT population. The city of Starkville, for example, bans discrimination in public employment on the basis of gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation. 5 Why the South? Why now? National Discomfort Southern Discomfort In late 2014, GLAAD commissioned The Harris Poll to 27% Seeing a gay co-worker’s wedding measure attitudes towards LGBT Americans. What 32% picture we found is that while the public is increasingly embracing equal protections under the law, many are still uncomfortable with having LGBT people in 29% Electing a gay their families and the communities where they live. 35% politician Within these numbers, we find that Southerners feel significantly more discomfort about their LGBT families, friends, and neighbors than is found in other regions of 34% Attending a same-sex the country. The following year, GLAAD and The Harris 40% wedding Poll found that while this gap is starting to slowly close, Southerners are more unconcerned or unaware of important issues facing the LGBT community than 43% Bringing a child to a the general U.S. population. By amplifying the voices 50% same-sex wedding of LGBT Southerners, GLAAD is working to bring these pressing disparities to light in order to accelerate LGBT acceptance. 59% Learning my child was dating a transgender For more information, visit glaad.org/acceptance 61% person 4 GLAAD Southern Stories A Guide for Reporting on LGBT People in Mississippi Terms and Definitions Sexual orientation – The scientifically accurate term for an individual’s Some undergo surgery as well, but not all transgender people can or enduring physical, romantic and/or emotional attraction to members will take those steps, and a transgender identity is not dependent upon of the same and/or opposite sex, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, and medical procedures. heterosexual (straight) orientations. Avoid the offensive term “sexual preference,” which is used to suggest that being gay, lesbian or bisexual Trans – Used as shorthand to mean transgender or transsexual - or is voluntary and therefore “curable.” People need not have had specific sometimes to be inclusive of a wide variety of identities under the sexual experiences to know their own sexual orientation; in fact, they transgender umbrella. Because its meaning is not precise or widely need not have had any sexual experience at all. understood, be careful when using it with audiences who may not understand what it means. Avoid unless used in a direct quote or in cases LGBT / GLBT – Acronym for “lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender.” where you can clearly explain the term’s meaning in the context of your LGBT and/or GLBT are often used because they are more inclusive of story. the diversity of the community. Care should be taken to ensure that audiences are not confused by their use. Ensure that the acronym is Transgender man – People who were assigned female at birth but spelled out on first usage. identify and live as a man may use this term to describe themselves. They may shorten it to trans man. (Note: trans man, not “transman.”) Queer – Traditionally a pejorative term, queer has been appropriated by Some may also use FTM, an abbreviation for female-to-male. Some may some LGBT people to describe themselves. However, it is not universally prefer to simply be called men, without any modifier. It is best to ask accepted even within the LGBT community and should be avoided which term an individual prefers. unless describing someone who self-identifies that way or in a direct quote. When Q is seen at the end of “LGBT,” it typically means queer and/ Transgender woman – People who were assigned male at birth or questioning. but identify and live as a woman may use this term to describe themselves. They may shorten to trans woman. (Note: trans woman, Homophobia – Fear of lesbians and gay men. Intolerance or prejudice is not “transwoman.”) Some may also use MTF, an abbreviation for male- usually a more accurate description of antipathy toward LGBT people. to-female. Some may prefer to simply be called women, without any modifier. It is best to ask which term an individual prefers. Marriage – Many states, including Mississippi, had voted against recognizing marriage for same-sex couples. Because a key section of the Transition – Altering one’s birth sex is not a one-step procedure; it is Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), passed by the federal government in a complex process that occurs over a long period of time.