CommunityCommunity MeetingsMeetings 20052005 HealthHealth StatusStatus ReportReport forfor EastEast BostonBoston MarchMarch 15,15, 20052005

PresentedPresented byby thethe BostonBoston PublicPublic HealthHealth CommissionCommission Boston Neighborhoods

Charlestown

East Allston- Boston Brighton Back Bay North South End End Fenway South Boston Roxbury

North Jamaica Plain Dorchester

Roslindale South West Dorchester Roxbury Mattapan

Hyde Park MAP PREPARATION: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Population by Age Group, Boston and East Boston, 2000

65+ years 0-17 65+ years 10% 12% years 0-17 years 20% 24% 45-64 years 45-64 18% years 17% 18-24 18-24 years years 16% 11%

25-44 years 25-44 36% years 36% BOSTON EAST BOSTON

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, American FactFinder, Census 2000 DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Racial and Ethnic Makeup, Boston and East Boston 2000

2 or More 2 or More Asian Races Black Other Asian Other Races 4.0% 3.0% 3.1% Race 8.0% Race 2.9% 2.0% 1.4%

Black 23.8%

Latino 39.0% White White 49.4% 49.7%

Latino 13.9%

BOSTON EAST BOSTON

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, American FactFinder, Census 2000 DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Latino Population by Neighborhood, Boston, 2000

50% . 39% 40%

29% 30% 22% 20% 17% 18% 14% 14% 12% 12% 9% 9% 10% 7% 8% 8% 5% 5% 3%

Percentage Within Neighborhood Within Percentage 0%

N y n n ry n O ton a ai u to s w End stown Park Pl apa xb ST en e a tt rth o Bos rle t Bo F c rchestero R BO Back Bay s ai Ma o h Hyd N Roslindale South sEndt Roxbury Cha Ea m Ja Sout We Allston/Brighton North D South Dorchester

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, American FactFinder, Census 2000 DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Place of Birth Among Central/South American and Carribean Born Residents, East Boston, 2000

50% N=12,197 39% 40%

30% 24% 20% 12% 10% 6% 5% 5% 4% 3% in East Boston 2% 0%

r r ia o la ru c s b ra m Brazil exic ma Pe du Othe lo te o M C Hon El Salvado Gua can Republi

Percentage of Total Latin-American Born Population Born Latin-American Total of Percentage ini

Dom

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, American FactFinder, Census 2000 , Summary File Sample Data DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office SelectedSelected SocioeconomicSocioeconomic Indicators,Indicators, BostonBoston andand BostonBoston Latinos,Latinos, 20002000 Indicator Boston Overall Boston Latinos Less than High School 21% 43% Graduation or GED (Adults Ages 25 and Over) % Population Below 20% 31% Poverty Level % of Children (Under 18) 26% 38% Below Poverty Level* % of Adults 65 and Older 18% 29% Below Poverty Level* Median Household $39,629** $27,141** Income in 1999

*Based on 1999 income ** Estimated median household income DATA SOURCE: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, American Fact Finder, Census 2000, Summary File-Sample Data DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office SelectedSelected SocioeconomicSocioeconomic Indicators,Indicators, BostonBoston andand EastEast Boston,Boston, 20002000

Indicator Boston Overall East Boston

Less than High School 21% 40% Graduation or GED (Adults Ages 25 and Over) % Population Below Poverty 20% 20% Level % of Children (Under 18) Below 26% 25% Poverty Level* % of Adults 65 and Older Below 18% 20% Poverty Level* Median Household Income in $39,629** $31,301** 1999 *Based on 1999 income ** Estimated median household income DATA SOURCE: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, American Fact Finder, Census 2000, Summary File-Sample Data DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office 66 KeyKey HealthHealth IssuesIssues inin YourYour NeighborhoodNeighborhood andand WhatWhat YouYou CanCan DoDo AboutAbout ThemThem

! ObesityObesity ! CancerCancer ! AsthmaAsthma ! SubstanceSubstance AbuseAbuse ! ViolenceViolence ! MaternalMaternal andand ChildChild HealthHealth OBESITY WhatWhat healthhealth problemsproblems doesdoes obesityobesity makemake worseworse oror cause?cause?

" Diabetes " High blood pressure " High cholesterol " Heart Disease/Stroke " Asthma " Arthritis " Certain cancers (especially breast, uterus, colon, esophagus) Obesity by Race/Ethnicity, Boston, 2001* 70% 64%

60% 53% 50% 47% 44%

40%

30% 23% 20%

10%

0% Percentage of Respondents Determined to be Obese Boston Asian Black Latino White

*Includes data collected from January 2001 through May 2001. The term “obesity” refers to all levels of excess weight combined. Blacks are significantly different from Whites, Latinos, and Asians (p<.05). Latinos are significantly different from Whites and Asians (p<.05) DATA SOURCE: Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2001, Massachusetts Department of Public Health and Boston Public Health Commission DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Obesity by Neighborhood, Boston, 1999-2001 100%

80% 66% 61% 58% 60% 58% 60% 55% 55% 53% 49% 51% 46% 48% 41% 38% 35% 35% 40% 32%

20% Percentage ofRespondents

0%

r er e e y on on ark t ur Bay town P s b ight s ost Plain indal he B chest Boston ox ack Fenway ca Roxburyh R BOSTON B yde ai Mattapanor North End on/Br H D Rosl South End t Charle East am h lls J t Sout th Dorc West A or N Sou DATA SOURCE: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Inadequate Physical Activity by Neighborhood, Boston, 2000-2001* 100%

81% 80% 71% 72% 68% 68% 66% 63% 65% 63% 58% 58% 56% 60% 51% 46% 38% 38% 40%

20% Percentage of Respondents

0%

N n k n y ain er o ow l TO t nway Par indale es e chest l Bost OS ck Bay**l F ica P os Roxburyh Roxbur B a Mattapan B har Hyde Dor R South End C East Boston h est Jama t Sout W Allston/Brighton or N South Dorchester *Includes data collected from January 2000 through May 2002 ** Includes the North End NOTE: Inadequate physical activity means having no physical activity or less than 30 or more minutes, five or more times a week. DATA SOURCE: Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2000-2001, Massachusetts Department of Public Health and Boston Public Health Commission DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Heart Disease Mortality: Age-Adjusted Rates by Neighborhood, Boston, 2000-2002

350 297 300 244 253 250 224 232 214 213 207 201 206 197 187 200 183 179 174 145 150 115 100

50 Deaths per 100,000 Population 0

n in n y N a an er ale o O l p st d ury st ur T ghton Bay P xb o ri ck estow enway B oxb B rl F ca Ro R BOS Ba a yde Park Matta orche oslin th orchesterouth End n/ H North EndR u D S o East Boston lst Ch amai th D So h l J r ut West A o o N S

NOTE: The difference between the East Boston and Boston rates is not statistically significant at α =.05 DATA SOURCE: Boston resident deaths, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office WhatWhat CanCan BeBe DoneDone AboutAbout It?It?

! FocusFocus onon eatingeating healthyhealthy foodsfoods ! AvoidAvoid sugarysugary sodas,sodas, snacksnack foodsfoods ! ReducingReducing portionportion sizessizes andand eatingeating smallersmaller moremore frequentfrequent mealsmeals ! ExerciseExercise dailydaily –– forfor example,walkingexample,walking ! TalkTalk toto youryour primaryprimary carecare doctordoctor CANCER WhatWhat increasesincreases thethe chanceschances ofof gettinggetting cancer?cancer?

" SmokingSmoking " ExcessiveExcessive alcoholalcohol " FamilyFamily historyhistory " ExcessiveExcessive exposureexposure toto sunlightsunlight " ExposureExposure toto certaincertain cancercancer causingcausing chemicalschemicals " SomeSome virusesviruses (like(like HIV,HIV, HPVHPV oror Chlamydia)Chlamydia) " CertainCertain hormoneshormones oror medicationsmedications " AgeAge Cancer Mortality: Age-Adjusted Rates by Race/Ethnicity and Year, Boston, 1999-2002 n 300

250

200 150

100

50

0 Deaths per 100,000 per Deaths Populatio 1999 2000 2001 2002 Asian 157 113 112 160 Black 247 277 254 257 Latino 112 128 155 139 White 230 241 220 231

NOTE: In 2002, the rates for Asians and Latinos were significantly lower than the rates for Blacks and Whites, p<.05 DATA SOURCE: Boston resident deaths, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Cancer Mortality: Age-Adjusted Rates by Neighborhood, Boston, 2000-2002

350 303 300 241 250 231 227 229 218 217 222 218 215 198 195 196 200 178 177 185 182

150

100

50 Deathsper 100,000 Population 0

N n n k n e y n y o ay r ai er nd er ow st l st TO k Bay Pa indal xbur osto S c est Bo enw e rth E B O Brighton rl F Ro B / Ba aica P Mattapan osl orchest Hyd No R D South End Cha East h Jam rth Dorche South t West Roxbur Allston No Sou

NOTE: Difference between East Boston and Boston not statistically significant at α=.05 DATA SOURCE: Boston resident deaths, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Leading Causes of Cancer Mortality: Age-Adjusted Rates, Boston and East Boston, 2000-2002

56 Lung 87

25 Colorectal 26

29 Breast 15

11 Pancreas 15

35 Prostate 15

8 Liver 9 Boston (excluding E. Boston) 4 East Boston Esophagus 7

0 102030405060708090100 Deaths per 100,000 Population

NOTE: Boston excludes East Boston; the differences in lung and prostate cancer mortality between East Boston and the rest of Boston are statistically significant (p < .05) DATA SOURCE: Boston resident deaths, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Adults Who Are Current Smokers by Neighborhood, Boston, 1999-2001

40%

31% 30% 25% 25% 23% 22% 22% 19% 20% 20% 18% 18% 18% 15% 16% 13% 12% 10% 8% Percentage of Respondents 0%

n n r y y on ay ai e on er nd ow t E ight Park Pl indale os h r est e l oxbur B rl Fenw chest R chest BOSTON a aica Mattapanor th out Back Bay* Hyd D Ros Dor S ton/B Ch East Boston h h ls Jam t Sou t West Roxbur Al Nor Sou *Includes the North End DATA SOURCE: Behavioral Risk Surveillance Survey, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston Public Health Commission DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office WhatWhat CanCan BeBe DoneDone AboutAbout It?It?

" Don’tDon’t smokesmoke " AvoidAvoid excessiveexcessive intakeintake ofof alcoholalcohol " MaintainMaintain aa normalnormal weightweight withwith exerciseexercise andand aa dietdiet thatthat isis lowlow inin fatfat andand highhigh inin fruitsfruits andand vegetablesvegetables " AvoidAvoid excessiveexcessive sunsun exposureexposure " GetGet regularregular cancercancer screeningscreening –– especiallyespecially breast,breast, colon,colon, prostate,prostate, skinskin " JoinJoin communitycommunity effortsefforts toto promotepromote healthhealth && combatcombat cancercancer BPHCBPHC HealthHealth InitiativesInitiatives

" Cancer program – Screening and education about cancer " Steps to a Healthy Boston – walking groups, smoking cessation " Substance Abuse Services – treatment for alcohol or substance abuse " Health Connection Van – Screening for skin and prostate cancer, education about all forms of cancer " Mammography Van – Screening for breast cancer ASTHMA Asthma Hospitalizations Among Children Under Age 5 by Neighborhood, Boston, 1998-2002

18 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 10 10 8 8 7 6 5 6 6 5 4 4 33 3 2

Hospitalizations per 1,000Population 0

* n n e N ay al er ay bury TO ighton B tapan k Bosto ox hest Fenw R c Roxbury BOS aica PlaiMat or outh End Bac Hyde Park Roslind D S CharlestownEast am h est J South Boston W Allston/Br North Dorchester Sout

*Includes the North End DATA SOURCE: Acute Care Hospital Case Mix files, Massachusetts Division of Health Care Finance and Policy DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office WhatWhat CanCan BeBe DoneDone AboutAbout It?It?

! Don’tDon’t smokesmoke andand avoidavoid exposureexposure toto smokesmoke ! EliminateEliminate pestspests ! RemoveRemove rugs,rugs, ifif possible.possible. IfIf not,not, useuse aa specialspecial dustdust removingremoving vacuumvacuum ! CoverCover mattressesmattresses ! ConsiderConsider whetherwhether petspets mightmight bebe makingmaking asthmaasthma worseworse ! GetGet regularregular andand consistentconsistent medicalmedical carecare andand trytry notnot toto runrun outout ofof medicationsmedications ! BPHCBPHC AsthmaAsthma ProgramProgram -- HealthyHealthy HomesHomes InitiativeInitiative SUBSTANCE ABUSE Publicly-Funded Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions by Type of Drug Use, Boston and East Boston, 2004

Heroin,Other Alcohol Opiates 23% Alcohol 68% 36%

Heroin, Cocaine, Other Crack Opiates 5% 50% Cocaine, Crack Marijuana 8% and Other 4% Marijuana and Other BOSTON 6% EAST BOSTON

NOTE: Data shown are for a fiscal year running from July through June of year indicated DATA SOURCE: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Substance Abuse Services, Substance Abuse Management Information System (SAMIS) DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Drug Abuse Hospitalization*: Age-Specific Rates, Boston and East Boston, 1998-2002 9 n 8.0 8 Boston East Boston 7

6 5.7

5 4.8 4.1 4 3.7 2.9 3 2.5

2 1.4 1.4 Hospitalizations per 1,000 Populatio 1,000 per Hospitalizations 1 0.6

0 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64

*Hospitalization in acute care hospitals for treatment of illegal drug abuse problem DATA SOURCE: Acute Care Hospital Case Mix files, Massachusetts Division of Health Care Finance and Policy DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Drug Abuse Mortality: Age-Adjusted Rates by Neighborhood, Boston, 2000-2002

35 30 30 25 25 22 19 20 17 18 15 14 14 14 14 10 10 8 9 8 7 7 5 N<5 Deaths per 100,000 Population 100,000 per Deaths 0

rk y d y on ay a er n town w P End bur bur s en ttapan h indale h E le Bost de a chest t l ox Boston ox F y R R BOSTON Back Bay M Nor os out har H Dor R S C East est Jamaica Plain th South Allston/Brighton or W N South Dorchester NOTE: Difference between East Boston and Boston is statistically significant at p<.05 DATA SOURCE: Boston resident deaths, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office WhatWhat CanCan BeBe DoneDone AboutAbout SubstanceSubstance Abuse?Abuse?

! Substance Abuse Services Central Intake ! Entre Familia/Moms Project – programs for women in recovery ! East Boston Substance Abuse Treatment Programs: - East Boston Neighborhood CommunityCommunity Health Center - Noddles Island Multiservice Agency: outpatient - Meridian House: residential treatment - NO Drugs Campaign

! Advocate for increased state funding for substance abuse treatment programs VIOLENCE and TRAUMA Non-Fatal Assault-Related Gunshot and Stabbing Injuries by Neighborhood, Ages 15-44, Boston, July 2000-June 2003 Average Annual Age-Specific Rates 4.0

3.0 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6

Victims per 1,000 Population Victims 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0

N k er y n y pan t to ur Par a dale bur STO tt n estown a Bos l Fenwayde ches Rox chester Roxb BO M h or Back Bay* Hy Rosli ut South End Char East Boston Dor o est Jamaica Plain th S th D Allston/Brighton W Nor Sou *Includes the North End DATA SOURCE: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Weapon-Related Injury Surveillance Program (WRISS) DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Victims of Non-Fatal Assault-Related Gunshot and Stabbing Injuries by Race/Ethnicity, Boston and East Boston, 2000- 2003 Average Annual Race-Specific Rates

3.0

Boston East Boston

2.0 1.8

1.3 1.3

1.0 0.9 Victims per 1,000 Population Victims 0.5

0.2

0.0 Black Latino White

DATA SOURCE: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Weapon-Related Injury Surveillance Program (WRISS) DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office MATERNAL and CHILD HEALTH Births by Language Preference and Neighborhood, Boston, 2002

English Cantonese Haitian Portuguese Spanish Vietnamese Other Creole Allston/Brighton 71.6% 1.4% 1.0% 5.3% 9.5% N<5 11.2% Back Bay 94.0% N<5 N<5 N<5 2.5% N<5 3.5% Charlestown 83.3% N<5 N<5 N<5 12.4% N<5 4.3% East Boston 45.9% N<5 N<5 3.5% 47.7% 1.0% 1.9% Fenway 68.3% N<5 N<5 N<5 15.5% N<5 16.2% Hyde Park 80.7% N<5 6.3% N<5 9.8% N<5 3.2% Jamaica Plain 74.6% N<5 N<5 N<5 21.9% N<5 3.5% Mattapan 87.2% N<5 8.0% N<5 3.5% N<5 1.3% North Dorchester 74.6% N<5 1.4% 4.1% 9.3% 6.9% 3.7% North End 90.3% N<5 N<5 N<5 N<5 N<5 9.7% Roslindale 83.0% N<5 1.3% 1.0% 11.4% N<5 3.3% Roxbury 76.3% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 16.2% 0.7% 4.6% South Boston 85.9% N<5 N<5 N<5 8.8% N<5 5.3% South Dorchester 85.2% N<5 3.1% N<5 5.0% 4.4% 2.3% South End 74.3% 6.8% N<5 N<5 6.8% N<5 12.1% West Roxbury 88.9% N<5 1.6% N<5 4.9% N<5 4.6% DATA SOURCE: Boston resident live births, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA SOURCE: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Adequacy of Prenatal Care by Neighborhood, Boston, 2002

100% 95% 94% 90% 91% 91% 90% . 90% 88% 88% 88% 83% 84% 85% 81% 81% 78% 79% 80% 76%

70%

60% Percentage of Births of Percentage

50%

n e on ay on ay ark ai ury er B town w P End b End ight n Pl tapan h indal x STON es Bost l o O l Fe ca at s R chest B Back ar ai M Nort or outh ast Hyde Ro D S Ch E outh Bostonh llston/Br Jam S West Roxbury A out North Dorchester S

NOTE: East Boston percentage is significantly different from Boston percentage (p<.05) DATA SOURCE: Boston resident live births, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Low Birthweight by Neighborhood, Boston, 2002

14% 13% 12% 12% 12% 11% 11% 10% 10% 10% 10% 9% 9% 8% 8% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7%

6%

4% Percentage of Births Percentage

2%

0%

rk n er d e ON ton a ai n ton Bay town st E dal End Pl n h ST ck es Boston ttapan li oxbury t a l Fenway ica a R chester BO B a M os r ou Roxbury Hyde P North R o S Char East D Jam th Dorche South Bos Allston/Brigh West Nor South

NOTE: East Boston percentage is significantly different from Boston percentage at p<.05 DATA SOURCE: Boston resident live births, Massachusetts Department of Public Health. DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Infant Mortality Rates by Neighborhood, Boston, 1997-2002 14 12 12 11 11 10 88 88 8 7 6 6 5 5 5 44 4 3 3 2 N<5

Infant Deaths per 1,000 Live Births Live 1,000 per Deaths Infant 0

n er ton t ow End bury Bay t os tapan h STON es ox O l t B Fenway at Roxbury B Back M North End t R har as Hyde Park Dorches Roslindale Sout C E h es llston/Brighton Jamaica Plaint South Boston W A or N South Dorchester NOTE: Difference between Boston rate and East Boston rate is statistically significant (p<.05) DATA SOURCE: Boston resident live births and infant deaths, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office WhatWhat CanCan BeBe DoneDone AboutAbout It?It?

! Improve the health of women before they get pregnant ! Discourage smoking/alcohol use during pregnancy ! Good prenatal care to detect medical problems ! Substance abuse treatment for women who have addictions ! Support through pregnancy and infant’s first year for new mothers ! Encourage good nutrition before and during pregnancy ! Encourage teens to use contraception and wait until their 20’s to get pregnant BPHCBPHC ProgramsPrograms

! HealthyHealthy Baby/HealthyBaby/Healthy ChildChild ! Mayor’sMayor’s HealthHealth LineLine ! BAHEC/YouthBAHEC/Youth toto HealthHealth CareersCareers ! AdolescentAdolescent WellnessWellness ProgramProgram ! CentralCentral IntakeIntake Unit,Unit, (617)(617) 534534--55545554 ! ChildhoodChildhood InjuryInjury PreventionPrevention ProgramProgram