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Notice: ©1974 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami. This manuscript is available at http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/bms and may be cited as: Gore, R. H. (1974). On a small collection of porcellanid crabs from the Caribbean Sea (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura). Bulletin of Marine Science, 24(3), 700-721. BIOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI DEEP-SEA EXPEDITIONS. 102
ON A SMALL COLLECTION OF PORCELLANID CRABS FROM THE CARIBBEAN SEA (CRUSTACEA, DECAPODA, ANOMURA)l
ROBERT H. GORE Smithsonian Institution, Ft. Pierce, Florida 33450
ABSTRACT The Research Vessel John Elliot Pillsbury of the University of Miami obtained a small collection of porcellanid crabs during five cruises over a 3-year period from ]968 to 1971 throughout the Caribbean Sea below 200N latitude. The material consisted of 195 specimens divided into 7 genera and 13 species, all of well known littoral or sublittoral forms. While no new species were recorded, several gaps in distributional and ecological knowledge were filled, and a range extension is reported for Petrolisthes cessacii (A. Milne Edwards, 1878) previously known only from a small area on the western coast of Africa, and a single published record from Brazil.
INTRODUCTION During a 3-year period from March, 1968 through February, 1971, the University of Miami's Research Vessel John Elliot Pillsbury sampled se- lected areas throughout the Caribbean Sea south of 200N latitude (Fig. 1 and Table 1). Collections were made in an area delineated approximately by the island of Hispaniola to the north, from the Lesser Antilles on the east southward to the vicinity of Surinam and French Guiana in South America, and thence westward along the northern coast of that continent to the Central American land mass and north to British Honduras. The small collection of porcellanid crabs which form the subject of this report was taken at 51 of the stations occupied by the RjV Pillsbury in this area, and consisted of 195 specimens divided among 7 genera and ] 3 species. Of these, Porcellana sayana (Leach, 1820) was the most abundant, with 67 specimens examined; Pachycheles ackleianus A. Milne Edwards, 1880 was next, with 42 specimens. The remainder of the material was made up of well known species which, with one exception noted below, were all pre- viously known from the general area sampled by the RjV Pillsbury. The exception was Petro/isthes cessacii (A. Milne Edwards, 1878) previously known from the Cape Verde Islands, a small area in western Africa, and a
1This paper is one of a series resulting from the National Geographic Society-University of Miami Deep-Sea Biology Program; and Scientific Contribution No. 26, Smithsonian Institution/Harbor Branch Foundation Science Laboratory. Manuscript accepted April 5, 1974. 1974J Gore: Porcellanid Crabs from the Caribbean 701
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(; ;e" 702 Bulletin of Marine Science [24(3) TABLE 1 LIST OF LOCALITIES WITH SPECIES OBTAINED
PILLSBURY Depth Station Date Location in m Species
1968 P-614 19 March 16'02.1'N, 88'31.8'W to Parapetrolislhes lortllgellsis 16'03.8'N, 88'34.1'W 18-31 Pelrolislhes galalhinl/s P-616 19 March 16'OI'N, 88'43'W 13 Mi1J}loCerlis angus/us PorcellallCl SQ)'llI111 P-619 20 March 15'58.2'N, 87'34'W to 15'56'N, 87'33.5'W 18-64 Porcellana s;gsbeiallll P-655 09 July 06'07'N, 53'39'W to 06'07'N, 53'41'W 26 PorcellanQ 1J'Clj'01W P-658 09 July 07'10'N, 53'36'W 135-126 Porcellana sigsbeiana P-669 10 July 06'39'N 55'15'W to 06'43'N: 55'20'W 33 Porcellana StlYClnu P-687 IS July 07'13'N, 57'36'W 27 Porcell(ma sa)'Ulw P-701 ]8 July Maracas Bay, Trinidad lntertidal Pach)'cheles //lollilifer Petrolisthes cessacii P_709 19 July 11'08.8'N, 62'46.1'W to 11'12.9'N, 62'45.5'W 46 PacllJlclleles ackleianus P-710 19 July 10'47.4'N, 62'55'W to PoIJ'oI/J'x gibbesi 10'47 .6'N, 62'56'W 47-46 PorcellanCl sigsbeiallQ P-712 19 July 11'08'N, 63'I8'W to 11'lI'N, 63'17'W 27-24 MillJ'ocerlls angllstus P-714 19 July 11'29'N, 63'24.3'W to 11'30'N, 63'23.9'W 58 PorcellallQ sigsbeiana P-721 21 July l1'06.5'N, 64'22.5'W to Miu)locerlls angustus 11'07'N, 64'23 .4'W 26-27 Parcel/ana sarQna P-722 2] July 11'Q4'N, 64'44'W to 11'05.2'N, 64'45'W 91 Porcellana sigsbeianQ P-727 21 July 1O'20'N, 65'02'W 64 Porcellan" sayanQ PorceUanQ sigsbeianll P-745 24 July ll'57.9'N, 66'50'W to Pach)'cheles ac:kleianus 11'59.5'N, 66'49'W 64--66 Porcellona sarona P-757 27 July 11'39.6'N, 69'22.1 'W to 11'42'N, 69'20'W 161-]87 Porcellallu sigsbeiuna P-758 27 July 11'42.2'N, 69'40'W to ] I '44'N, 69'40'W 15-18 Porcellana saJ'ana P·761 27 July ll'52'N, 70'22'W to 11'52.2'N, 70'21.8'W 35 Porcellana sayana P-763 27 July ll'25.1'N,70'52.I'W to 1I'25.8'N,70'50'W 18 m PorcellallCl sa)'alw P-767 28 July 12'16.1'N,7I'03.3'W to 12'17'N,71'03.3'W 24--26 m Porcel/al/a sayan a P-772 29 July 12'20.2'N,71'55.1'W to 12'21.2'N, 71 '54'W 11 Porcellana sa)"Glw P-773 29 July 12'l7'N, 72'15'W to 12'18'N, 72'13.8'W 60-64 Pacll)'clleles ack/eial/lls P-780 30 July 11'39'N, 73'08.5'W 10 11'40'N, 73 '06.5'W 18-27 Parcel/ana saYQnll P-796 01 August 10'20.7'N, 75'39.1'W to IO'18.4'N, 75'38.1'W 60-66 Porcellal/a s;gsbe;ana
1969 P-83 I 28 June Caranage Bay, Trinidad On shore Mega/obrachill11l poey; Pelrolistl.es armallls P-832 28 June Caranage Bay, Trinidad On shore Pelrolisthes anltatlls P-837 30 June IO'09.8'N, 60'34.3'W to 10'10.3'N, 60'33.2'W 55 Porcellana sigsbeiana 1974J Gore: Porcellanid Crabs from the Caribbean 703 TABLE (continued)
PILLSBURY Depth Station Date Location in m Species
P-8SI 03 July II·S2.8'N, 6I"S3.3'W ]8 Petrolistlles aJ1Joen'IS P-8S2 Same data as above 13 Pefrolislhes amoenus P-8SS 03 July 12'07'N, 61·32.S'W 27-29 Petrolisthes anzoenliS P-886 07 July 14'09'N, 60·S6.7'W to 14'09'N, 60·S7.1'W ]8 Petrolisthes amoenliS P-89S 08 Ju]y 14·OS.S'N, 61·00.8'W to 14·05.7'N, 61'00,8'W ]8 Pachycheles ackleianus P-91O 10 JuJy 14'32,6'N, 61·06.2'W to 14'33'N, 61'Q6.3'W 51-82 Pachycheles ackleianus P-913 10 July 14'S3.8'N, 61·04.9'W to 14'S4.2'N, 6I'03.7'W 46-48 PorcellallO sarona P-916 11 July 16·12.2'N, 61·26.3'W Intertidal Petro/isthes galalhinus P-967 20 July 17·15.S'N, 62'02.2'W 22 Pach)lcheles ackleianus PetroJisthes amoenlls P-968 20 July 17·18.5'N, 61'S2'W ]8 Petrolisthes amoenlls
1970 P-1148 15 Jan. 20'00.4'N, 71'40.7'W 38-43 Pac/1ycheles ackleianus P-1149 15 Jan. 19·58.7'N, 71·33.7'W to ]9'S9.2'N, 71'33.5'W 22-32 Porcellema sayana P-lIS4 ]6 Jan. ]9'23'N, 69·16.3'W 29-43 Pach}'cheles ackleianus P-lIS6 ]6 Jan. 19'20'N, 69·IO.5'W to ]9']9.6'N, 69·1O.2'W ]8-36 Pach)'cheles ackleianus P-12S3 ]9 July 17'31.] 'N, 7] '32.4'W ]8-26 Pachycheles ackleianus
1971 P-l32S 27 Jan. 1O'40'N, 83'29'W 29 j\1inyocerlls anglls/lts P-1329 28 Jan. 11'37'N, 83·32.8'W 31 Minyocerus angus/us P-1332 28 Jan. ]2'Q6'N, 83'34'W ]8 MinyoceruJ angllslLls P-133S 28 Jan. 12'28.9'N, 83'04.8'W 27 Parcel/ana sayana P-1336 29 Jan. 12'42'N, 82'47'W 38-46 Parcel/ana saJ'ona P-13S0 30 Jan. 13·31.5'N, 8I'20.5'W 0-1 Petrolisthes cessacii Petrolisthes KalathillllS Petrolisthes poUt us P-1361 ] Feb. ]5·30.5'N, 82·39.5'W 33-37 Parllpetrolisthes tortugellsis P-1363 I Feb. ] 5'43.4'N, 83'29'W 29 PorcellClna sayallG single published record from Brazil. The species is now known in the Caribbean from Trinidad, Tobago, and to the area of Old Providence Is- land off the eastern coast of Nicaragua. The collection as a whole, although small, allowed several distributional and ecological gaps to be filled as well as providing a welcome opportunity to add to our meagre knowledge of the Porcellanidae in the lower Caribbean Sea and the northern coast of South America. Specimens were measured using an ocular reticle calibrated with a stage micrometer on a Wild M-5 stereomicroscope, Carapace width is followed by carapace length in the material examined. Synonymies in the following text are restricted to that of the original author, those appearing since 704 Bulletin of Marine Science [24(3) Janet Haig's (1956) revision of the family Porcellanidae in the western Atlantic, Chace's (1956b) and Holthuis' and Manning's (1970) reports on west African porcellanids, and to the publications which provide either the best description or most useful illustration of the species under con- sideration. The entire collection has been deposited in the Museum of the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, (RSMAS) University of Miami. A single male and ovigerous female Petrolisthes cessacii were sent to Miss Janet Haig, Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. I thank Dr. Gilbert L. Voss, RSMAS, for the opportunity to examine and report on the specimens collected by the R/V Pillsbury. Miss Janet Haig, Allan Hancock Foundation, confirmed the identification of Petrolisthes ces- sacii and generously provided additional information from her files on many of the other species. Miss Liberta Scotto, Harbor Branch Foundation Lab- oratory, Ft. Pierce, Florida aided immeasurably in collating much of the data and keeping my notes in some semblance of order, as well as making the original draft illustrations of the species figured in this report.
Megalobrachium poeyi (Guerin, 1855)
Porcellana poeyi Guerin, 1855: pI. 2, fig. 4; 1857a: xvi; 1857b: XXXIX, pI. 2, fig. 4. Porcellana rohusta Torralbas, 1917: 607, fig. 43. Megalohrachium poeyi: Benedict, 1901: 136, pI. 3, fig. 8.-Haig, 1956: 33; 1962: 188 [in part, reference to Atlantic specimens].-Coelho, 1966: 63; 1970: 233.-Abele & Gore, 1973: 105. [Not Mega/ohrachium poeyi: Haig, 1960: 213,214,339, 340, pI. 16, fig. 4, pI. 39, fig. 1 (= M. pacificum Gore & Abele, 1974)]. Material examined.-P-831. Trinidad, Caranage Bay, on shore; 3 & & , 1 !;?
Size range.-9.5 X 9.1 to 13.5 X 14.0 mm. Remarks.-The frontal region in most specimens viewed from above was not much produced with the exception of one male in which it was dis- tinctly and noticeably trilobate. All specimens were markedly granulate especially on the chelipeds. Distribution.-The species is widely distributed throughout the Caribbean Sea. It is also found as far north as the Indian River region of Florida. Coelho (1966) recorded the species from the state of Paraiba, Brazil, and noted the possibility of its occurrence as far south as Sao Paulo if a species recorded by Luederwaldt is, in fact, M. poeyi. It was also thought to occur in the eastern Pacific at one time (cf. Haig, 1960), but Gore and Abele (1974) consider the eastern Pacific population specifically distinct. Mega- lobrachium poeyi has been found as deep as 46 m. 1974] Gore: Porcelfanid Crabs from the Caribbean 705 Minyocerus angustus (Dana, 1852) Porcel/ana angusta Dana, 1852: 423; ] 855, pI. 26, fig. ]2a-c. Porcellana rosamondae Boone, ]930: 79, pI. 21. Minyocerus angustlls: Haig, ]956: 30; ]960: ]96; ]962: 184; ]966: 354.-Holthuis, ]959: 161.-Rodriglles da Costa, ]964: 565.-Coelho, 1966: 61; 1970: 233.-Fallsto Filho, 1967: ]2.-Gore & Shoup, 1968: 240, figs. ]-3.-Gore, 1970: 967. Material examined.-P-616. British Honduras, Honduras Bay, 13 m; 1 specimen (crushed) .-P-712. Venezuela, Islas Los Testigos, 27-24 m; 2 00, 2 c;? C;?, 1 ovigerous.-P-721. Isla de Margarita, 26-27 m; 1 0, molted carapace.-P-1325. Costa Rica, Tortugero, 29 m; I c;? .-P-1329. Nicaragua, Monkey Point, 3] m; 1 c;?, ovigerous.-P-1223. Nicaragua, off Bluefields, 18 m; 1 C;?
Size range.-2.5 X 3.4 to 6.5 X 8.8 mm; ovigerous females, 4.4 x 6.0 to 6.5 X 8.8 mm. Remarks.-Minyocerus angustus, a known commensal on sea stars of the genus Luidia, is now reported to occur on two additional asteroids, Tethy- aster vestitus and a species of Astropecten. Distribution.-Recorded primarily from along continental margins from Honduras Bay southward to Desterro, Brazil. The species has not yet been reported from the Antilles, nor farther north than about 17"N lati- tude, although at least one commensal host, Luidia senegalensis, is known to occur to southwest Florida. Minyocerus angustus has been collected in depths to 27 m.
Pachycheles ackleianus A. Milne-Edwards, ] 880 Figure 2. Pachycheles ackleianus A. Milne Edwards, ] 880: 36.-Haig, ]956: 13; 1960: 143, 144; 1962: 182; 1966: 352.-Bullis and Thompson, 1965: 1O.-Coelho, ]966: 52; 1970: 233.-Gore, 1970: 962. Pachycheles ackleinlls: Coelho, ]964: 255. Pisosoma angllstifrons: Boone, 1930: 70, pI. 18 [Not Pisosoma angusti- frolls Benedict, 1901: 135, pI. 3, fig. 6]. Material examined.-P-709. Venezuela, Islas Los Testigos, 46 m; 1 0.- P-745. Islas Los Roques, 64-66m; 1 c;?, ovigerous.-P- 773. Colombia, off Cabo La Vela, 60-64 m; 3 00, 3 c;? FIGURE 2. Pachycheles ackleianus A. Milne Edwards, 1880. Male, P-1154. Scale line equals 5 mm. P-1156. North of Cape Samana, 18-26 m; 2 ~ ~ .-P-1283. Off Beata Island, 18-26 m; 2 ~ ~. Size range.-3.5 X 3.0 to 8.1 X 5.9 mm; ovigerous females, 3.5 X 3.0 to 7.8 X 5.8 mm. Remarks.-Variation in the cheliped tubercles ranged from sharply de- limited, distinct protrusions in young forms, to low, gently rounded or nearly obsolete prominences in old individuals. In some specimens the fragmented epimera were so lightly calcified as to be neady invisible and one female lacked any plates, thus resembling specimens of the genus Neopisosoma. This individual, however, had the general carapace config- uration, the roughened basal antennal segment, and the large distinct spines on the pereiopod dactyls found in P. ackleianus and wanting in Neopiso- 90ma angustijrons, (Benedict, 1901) with which it might have been con- fused. A male and ovigerous female from P-895 were parasitized by bopyrid isopods which distorted the carapace laterally giving it the appear- ance of a Polyony.x in some respects. Both males from P-1283 were para- sitized thusly. Distribution.-Recorded from Tampa Bay and various localities in the Gulf of Mexico south to Panama, and via the Antilles and along the north- eastern coast of South America to Pernambuco, Brazil, to a depth of 82 m. 1974] Gore: Porcellanid Crabs from the Caribbean 707 Pachycheles monilifer (Dana, 1852) Porcellana monilifera Dana, 1852: 413; 1855, pI. 26, fig. 3. Pachycheles moniliferus: A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923: 295. Pachycheles monilijer: Rathbun, 1900: 148.-Haig, 1956: 13; 1960: 160, pI. 33, fig. 4; 1962: 183; 1966: 353.-Rodrigues, 1959: 274.-Rod- rigues da Costa, 1962: 5, 7; 1964: 565.-Coelho, 1966: 53. Material examined.-P-70 1. Trinidad, Maracas Bay, intertidal; 1 ~, ovigerous. Size.-l1.2 X 10.4 mm. Remarks.-The sole ovigerous female examined seemed typical in all re- spects. The species is recorded now from Trinidad for the first time. Distribution.-Known from Canaveral Harbor, Brevard County on the east coast of Florida southward through the Antilles to the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The only record for Middle America seems to be from Isla Contoy on the northern coast of Yucatan. The absence of this species from Central America and the northwestern Caribbean coast of South America, if actual and not a result of insufficient collecting, would be re- markable in view of its otherwise wide distribution along the eastern margin of the Caribbean Sea. Known to a depth of 33 m. Parapetrolisthes tortugensis (Glassell, 1945) Petrolisthes tortugensis Glassell, 1945: 228, text fig. 2.-Haig, 1956: 22. Parapetrolisthes tortugensis: Haig, 1962: 173. Material examined.-P-614. British Honduras, Honduras Bay, 18-31 m; 1 ~, molted carapace.-P-1361. Gorda Bank, off Honduras, 33-37 m; 1 &. Size range.-Male, 8.2 X 8.9 mm. Remarks.-This is a rare species which seems to be chiefly a sublittoral form. The few published records indicate that it is usually found inhabit- ing rocky crevices and interstices in coral reefs. As such, the records may reflect the difficulty in sampling such a habitat rather than the actual abun- dance of this singularly distinct species. The material at my disposal agreed well with both Glassell's (1945) and Haig's (1962) descriptions. Distribution.-Recorded from Bimini, Bahamas (Gore, unpubl. data), Dry Tortugas, Virgin Islands and Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela. The species is recorded for the first time on the Central American coast off Honduras. It is known to a depth of 40 m. Petrolisthes amoenus (Guerin, 1855) Figure 3. Porcellana amoena Guerin, 1855, pI. 2, fig. 2; 1857a: xvi; 1857b: xxxix, pI. 2, fig. 2. 708 Bulletin of Marine Science [24(3) FIGURE 3. Petrolisthes amoenus (Guerin, 1855). Ovigerous female, P-968. Scale line equals 5 mm. Petro/isthes? amoenus: Benedict, 1901: 135, pI. 3, fig. 3. Petro/isthes amoenus: Haig, 1956: 25; ]962: 177; ]966: 352.-Chace, ]956a: ]52.-Rodrigues da Costa, ]964: 565.-Coelho, ]970: 233. ?Petro/isthes serratus: Coelho, 1966: 58. Material examined.-P-851. Grenada, off Point Saline, 18 m; 1 t .-P- 852. Same data as above, 1 ~, 1 ~.-P-855. Off Greenville Bay, 27-29 m; 1 ~ .-P-886. Santa Lucia, northeast of Point du Cap, 18 m; 1 ~ .-P-967. Antigua, northwest of St. Johns, 22 m; 1 t, 2 ~ ~, 1 ovigerous.-P-968. North of St. Johns, 18 m; 1 ~, ovigerous. Size range.-4.2 X 4.9 to 10.4 X 10.8 mm; ovigerous females, 7.8 X 8.1 to 10.4 X 10.8 mm. Remarks.-All the specimens examined had from one to three, usually two small spinules on the lateral margins of the carapace; the number of spines on the cheliped carpus also varied, from four to five. The presence 1974] Gore: Porcellanid Crabs from the Caribbean 709 of lateral carapace spines was not mentioned in Guerin's brief description, nor in Henderson's (1888) more extensive description of Petrolisthes serratus (= P. amoenus) from Brazil. Rathbun (1900) considered Hen- derson's P. serratus" ... c1osely allied to, if not identical with, P. amoenus (Guerin)". Coelho (1966), however, preferred to retain P. serratus as valid since the specimens he examined from Brazil had the carapace lightly pubescent, thus differing from P. amoenus as described in Haig's (1956) key to Western Atlantic porcellanids. Some of the specimens I examined might be characterized as "sparsely hairy" but certainly not pubescent. All specimens collected by the RjV Pillsbury had the frontal margin variously spined or dentate, as character- ized by Guerin and others. However, whether the presence of lateral cara- pace spines in the southern Caribbean specimens I examined, or the lightly pubescent carapace noted by Coelho, are sufficient grounds to consider these specimens specifically distinct from P. amoenus, cannot be deter- mined without examination of additional material from throughout the range of the species. For the present, I am inclined to retain P. serratus as a synonym of P. amoenus, as Haig has done, and to assign the specimens I examined to that species. I am presently considering the above mentioned differences acceptable within the range of variation for P. amoenus. Distribution.-From Cuba through the Antilles to Bahia, Brazil, to a depth of 37 m. Petra/isthes armatus (Gibbes, 1850) Parcel/alia armata Gibbes, 1850: 190; 1854: II, pI. 1, fig. 4. Petralisthes armatus: Verrill, 1908: 434, pI. 27, fig. 3, pI. 28, fig. 4.-Behre, 1950: 21.-Wass, 1955: 134, 147.-Haig, 1956: 19; 1960: 50, pI. 19, fig. 2; 1962: I78.-Rodrigues, 1959: 275.-Tabb & Manning, 1961: 599; 1962: 44, 56, 63.-Rodrigues da Costa, 1962: 4, 5; 1964: 565.- Dragovich & Kelly, 1964: 80.-Bullis and Thompson, 1965: 1O.-Coelho, 1966: 55 [in part]; 1970: 233.-Fallsto-Filho, 1970: 58.-Gore, 1970: 964.-Rollse, 1970: 140.-Lyons et al., 1971: 32. Petralisthes lamarckii: Oliveira, 1958: 44 [= P. armatus?]. Material examined.-P-831. Trinidad, Caranage Bay, shore; 3 ()(), 3 ~ ~, ovigerous.-P-832. Same data as above; 4 () (), 3 ~ ~, 1 ovigerous. Size range.-6.8 x 7.2 to 13.1 x 13.1 mm; ovigerous females, 8.5 X 8.5 to 10.2 X 10.6 mm. Remarks.- This typically shallow water, intertidal species was taken only in shore collections. Distribution.-The specimens examined appeared to be typical for Western Atlantic material. Haig (1962) noted that P. armatus is the most widely distributed New World porcellanid. In the Atlantic it occurs on the western 710 Bulletin of Marine Science [24(3) FIGURE 4. Petro/isthes cessacii (A. Milne Edwards, 1878). Male, P-1350. Scale line equals 5 mm. coast of Africa, at Bermuda, through the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean to as far south as the state of Santa Catharina, Brazil. It is found on both sides of the Panamanian isthmus, although the eastern Pacific population may prove ultimately to be at least subspecificaJly distinct. Petro/isthes cessacii (A. Milne Edwards, 1878) Figure 4. Porcellana Cessacii A. Milne Edwards, 1878: 229. Petrolisthes cessacii: A. Milne Edwards & Bouvier, 1900: 346.-Chace, 1956b: 14, fig. 4A-E.-Lebour, 1959: 128,136, fig. ]0 [megalopa].-Hol- thuis & Manning, ]970: 243.-Coetho, ]970: 233. Petrolisthes armatus: Miers, 188]: 432.-? Coelho, 1966: 55. Petro/isthes marginatus: Pocock, 1890: 5I 3.-Haig, 1956: 26 [in part, reference to Buccoo Reef specimen]. Material examined.-P-701. Trinidad, Maracas Bay, intertidal; 1 Size range.-9.8 X ]0.0 to 18.8 x 17.5 mm; ovigerous females, 10.9 X ]1.1 to 18.8xI7.5 mm. Remarks.-The specimens from R/V Pillsbury stations agreed well with the illustration and diagnosis provided by Chace (1956b). Petrolisthes cessacii is very close to P. marginatus Stimpson, ] 858, a species distributed throughout the Antilles in the Caribbean. However, P. marginatus has two epibranchial spines, while P. cessacii has only one. These spines are ap- parent upon close examination of the figure of P. marginatus provided by Benedict ( 190 I: 34, pI. 3, fig. ]) apparently the only illustration available for the ~pecies. The walking legs in Benedict's figure are unfortunately not illustrated, being indicated only by dashed lines. Although Chace noted in his report (] 956b: 24) that P. marginatus lacked spines on the meri of the walking legs, Janet Haig suggested that, based on the species close relationship to others, meral spines may indeed be present. Dr. Fenner Chace then graciously checked all of the catalogued material in the United States National Museum and confirmed Miss Haig's suspicion that P. marginatus does possess meral spines on the walking legs, thus eliminating confusion on this point. Haig (personal comm.) stated that the color notes for P. marginatus in her 1956 report are, in fact, based on those obtained from a male specimen of P. cessacii collected at Buccoo Reef, Tobago Island. She has also gen- erously provided me with the following information concerning the species. Haig examined specimens in the British Museum from Ascension Island which were identified as P. armatus by Miers (1881) and those from Fer- nando de Noronha noted as P. marginatus by Pocock (1890), and found them to be P. cessacii. She then pointed out that Coelho (] 966) in his remarks under P. armatus, stated that a specimen of that species collected at Fernando de Noronha agreed perfectly with the description of material also collected at that island by Pocock, but which were identified by the latter author as P. marginatus. Coelho noted that in his material the cheli- ped carpus had only three teeth, instead of three to four teeth as noted by Pocock for P. marginatus, but pointed out (rightly) that P. armatus is also subject to some variation in cheliped carpal dentition. He then synony- mized Pocock's P. marginatus under P. anna/us, thereby compounding the former author's error. However, in a subsequent publication (1970) Coelho listed without comment P. cessacii from the Brazilian mainland. It would seem, then, based on Haig's re-examination of Pocock's material and Coelho's record for mainland Brazil, that P. cessacii has been present in the western Atlantic since at least 1890, but was not actually recorded as such in publication until 1970. Dis/ributioll.-West Africa, from the Cape Verde Islands to Annobon, and a restricted area on the mainland from Senegal to Ghana. It is known in 712 Bulletin of Marine Science [24(3) the Central South Atlantic from Ascension Island (Miers, 1881), and in the Western Atlantic from Fernando de Noronha and Sao Luiz, Brazil. The species is found in the Caribbean Sea from Tobago Island and Trini- dad, and the vicinity of Old Providence Island. The latter area is approxi- mately 3600 miles west of the apparent center of distribution on the west African coast. It is also interesting to note that some of the females col- lected at Old Providence Island were ovigerous and further collecting will undoubtedly produce new records for the species is the southern Caribbean. Both Pocock's and Coelho's records suggest that Petrolisthes cessacii may be found along the eastern and northeastern coast of South America. As Haig has suggested (in litt.), it appears as though the species has crossed the Atlantic via larvae using isolated islands as stepping stones, although the possibility of colonization via long-distance transport of larvae able to delay their metamorphosis cannot be completely discounted either. Petrolisthes galathinus (Bose, 1801 or 1802) Porcellana galathina Bose, ]801 or ]802: 231-233, pI. 6, fig. 2. Petro/isthes galathinus: Nobili, 1897: 4.-Wass, ]955: 134, I47.-Haig, ]956: 22; 1960: 36, pI. ]9, fig. 4; ]962: 175; ]966: 352.-Chace, 1956a: I52.-Holthuis, ]959: ]62.-Tabb & Manning, 1961: 599; 1962: 62.-Dragovich & Kelly, ]964: SO.-Rodrigues da Costa, 1964: 565.-Wiltiams, ]965: 107, fig. 83.-Bullis and Thompson, 1965: 10.- Coelho, 1966: 56; 1970: 233.-Fausto Filho, ]96S: 43.-Gore, 1970: 965.-Rouse, 1970: 141.-Lyons et al., 1971: 32. Material examined.-P-614. British Honduras, Honduras Bay, 18-31 m; I Cj?, juvenile.-P-916. Guadaloupe, southwest of Point a Pitre, intertidal; 7 Cj? Cj?, 6 ovigerous.-P-1350. Old Providence Island, 0-1 m; 1 <5. Size range.-5.2 X 8.0 to 16.0 X 15.0 mm; ovigerous females 6.2 X 6.4 to 16.0 X 15.0 mm. Remarks.-The single juvenile female from P-6l4 was more noticeably spiny along the frontal margin of the carapace, and the chelipeds were not as robust as in typical members of the species, being instead longer and thinner. Carpal armature on the cheliped was usually four spines, but in several specimens the anterodistal angle was produced into a spine, and one ovigerous female from P-9l6 had five teeth along the anterior margin of the carpus. Distribution.-Petrolisthes galathinus ranges from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina southward through the Antilles and the islands along the northern coast of Venezuela to Panama, and down into Brazil at Ilha Trindade. It is also known from west and northwest Florida and the northern coast of Yucatan. In the eastern Pacific, specimens are reported from Costa Rica to Ecuador. It occurs in depths to 50 m. 1974] Gore: Porcellanid Crabs from the Caribbean 713 PetroUsthes politus (Gray, 1831) Figure 5. Poreel/ana po/ita Gray, 1831: 14. Poreel/ana magnifica Gibbes, 1850: 191; 1854: 6, pI. 1, fig. 3. Petrolisthes poUtus: Stimpson, 1858: 227.-Haig, 1956: 21; 1960: 56; 1962: 178. Material examined.-P-1350. Old Providence Island, 0-1 m; 7 ~ ~, 7 Size range.-9.4 X 8.8 to 19.2 X 17.9 mm; ovigerous females, 9.4 X 8.8 to 15.0 X 13.2 mm. Remarks.-AIthough considered by Haig (1962) as a common intertidal species, P. paUtus was only taken at a single station by the R/V Pillsbury. Onshore sampling at other localities failed to produce any specimens and in a previous report on southwestern Caribbean porcellanids (Gore, 1970) it was not taken at all. Petralisthes poUtus resembles P. armatus (Gibbes, 1850) but is immedi- ately distinguished from the latter by the greatly expanded posterolateral portions of the carapace, and by the lack of epibranchial spines. Gibbes ( 1850: 191) in his description of Parcellana magnifica stated "... shell with length and breadth nearly equal" which is clearly in error, as can be seen from his subsequent illustration (1854). The specimen called P. paUtus and figured by Milne-Edwards and Bouvier (1923: pI. 1, fig. 7) possesses an epibranchial spine, which P. paUtus lacks, a fact noted by Haig and other authors. I am therefore including an illustration of P. poUtus. Distributian.-Recorded from the Florida Keys, the Antilles, Bonaire, Curacao, Panama, and Vera Cruz, Mexico. Polyonyx gibbesi Haig, 1956 Poreellana maeroeheles Gibbes, 1850: 191; 1854: 6, pi. 1, fig. 5. [Not Por- cellana macrocheles Poppig, 1836]. Polyonyx maeroeheles: Behre, 1950: 21.-Wass, ]955: 134, 147. Polyonyx gibbesi Haig, ]956: 28 [new name for Poreellana maeroeheles Gibbes, 1850]; 1966: 356.-Coelho, 1966: 63.-Williams, 1965: 113, fig. 90.-Rouse, 1970: 141. Polyonyx gibbesii: Rodrigues da Costa, 1964: 565. Polyonix crep/inii: Ejchel, ]965: 325 [= Polyonyx gibbesi?]. Polyonix creplini: Ejchel, 1965: 326. Material examined.-P-71O. Venezuela, off Punta Papuy, 47-46 m; 2 'i? 'i?, 1 ovigerous. Size.-7.2 X 5.0, and 8.5 X 6.0, respectively. Remarks.-Haig (1956) provided a complete discussion of the previously confused taxonomic history of this species. The small amount of material 714 Bulletin of Marine Science [24(3) FIGURE 5. Petrolisthes politus (Gray, 1831). Ovigerous female, P-1350. Scale line equals 5 mm. obtained by the R/V Pillsbury is probably due to inadequate collecting, since the species is a known commensal with the parchment tubeworm Chaetopterus variopedatus which lives buried in the substrata. The spe- cies apparently may be free-living at times, since specimens have been col- lected outside of the worm tubes (see e.g. Haig, 1966: 357), and such may be the case with the two females collected by the R/V Pillsbury. At any rate they are the deepest specimens so far collected, the previous depth record being about 15 meters. Distribution.-Known to occur from Woods Hole, Massachusetts to La Paloma, Uruguay. Except for Puerto Rico, however, the species has not been reported from anywhere in the Antilles and may be locally absent in some areas. Coelho (1966) for example, noted its occurrence as far south 1974] Gore: Porcellanid Crabs from the Caribbean 715 as Sao Paulo, Brazil, but did not find the species at Pernambuco, noting that both the worm and its commensal were absent. Distribution may thus be controlled in part by the pre~ence or absence of Chaetopterus. Porce/lana sayana (Leach, ] 820) Pisidia sayan a Leach, 1820: 54. Porcellana sayana: Benedict, 1901: ]37, pI. 3, fig. 10.-Behre, 1950: 2L-Wass,1955: 134, 146.-Haig, 1956: 31; 1962: ]86; ]966: 354.- Chace, ]956a: ]52.-Holthuis, ]959: ]61.-Hulings, 1961: 2] 7.-Rod- riglles da Costa, ]962: 7; 1964: 565.-Coelho, ]964: 255; ]966: 62; 1970: 233.-Bullis and Thompson, ]965: ]O.-Williams, 1965: 110, fig. 87.-Fausto Filho, ]966: 35.-Fausto Filho et al., 1966: 127.- Gore, ]970: 963.-Rollse, 1970: 141. Material examined.-P-616. British Honduras, Honduras Bay, 13 m; 1 (lj, 2 lj? lj?, 1 ovigerous.-P-655. French Guiana, 26 m; 1 (lj, 2 lj? lj?, I oviger- ous.-P-669. Surinam, off Paramaraibo, 33 m; 1 Size range.-2.6 X 2.9 to 12.8 X 13.9 mm; ovigerous females, 5.6 X 6.2 to 12.8 x ] 3.9 mm. Remarks.-Some variation was noted in the spine-like tooth on the carpal lobe of the cheliped, and in the epibranchial spinules. In several specimens of varying size the lobe was sharply spined, in others it was rounded. In most specimens the epibranchia1 spinules were poorly developed, but usu- ally at least one could be distinguished. Several specimens hosted bopyrid parasites in the branchial area, distorting the carapace sufficiently to in- crease the cw: cl ratio, out of proportion to that seen in unparasitized speci- mens. The species is a known commensal with hermit crabs and specimens were found on a species of Paguristes (P-758) and on Petrochirus diogenes (P-763) . 716 Bulletin of Marine Science [24(3) Distribution.-Porcellana sayana has a wide distribution, ranging from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina down the eastern seaboard to Florida and the Bahamas, around the Gulf of Mexico to the Bay of Campeche, Mexico. In the Caribbean it occurs from Cuba through the Lesser Antilles, to the northwestern coast of Panama, and on the eastern coast of South America down to Estado Rio Grande do SuI, Brazil near the Uruguayan border. The species is known primarily from the littoral and shallow sublittoral to 92 meters, with one doubtful record from off Culebra Island, Puerto Rico of 713 meters. Porcellana sigsbeiana A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 Porcellana sigsbeiana A. Milne Edwards, 1880: 35.-A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1923: 292, pI. 1, fig. 6.-Haig, 1956: 33; 1960: 200.-Wil- Iiams, 1965: Ill, fig. 88.-Bullis & Thompson, 1965: 1O.-Gore, 1970: 964.-Peguegnat & Peguegnat, 1970: 163. Material examined.-P-619. Honduras, off Punta Sal, 18-64 m; 1 c;?- P-658. Surinam, southeast of Paramaraibo, 135-126 m; 1 ().-P-710. Venezuela, off Punta Papuy, 47-46 m; 1 DISCUSSION The porcellanid material in this report, although not extensive, never- theless provides additional zoogeographical data for the family in the Carib- bean Sea. Of most importance are the distributional records for the off- shore porcellanid fauna in areas that have been previously little collected; to wit, the more inaccessible shorelines along the northern coasts of Vene- zuela, Colombia, and the eastern coasts of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Rec- ords for several species, however, remain incomplete in some areas of the Caribbean. For example, Pachycheles monilifer has not yet been re- ported from along the Central American land mass, and Parapetrolisthes 1974] Gore: Porcellanid Crabs from the Caribbean 717 tortugensis is not recorded from the Antilles except for the Virgin Islands. Yet both occur as far north as southern Florida; P. monilifer also is known from Brazil, and P. tortugensis has been noted from Isla La Tortuga, off the northern coast of Venezuela. Another species, PetroUsthes cessacii, once believed to be restricted to western Africa, and only recently reported from Brazil, is now known from both the eastern and western Caribbean Sea. The majority of species discussed in this report are considered to be common, intertidal or shallow subtidal forms, widely distributed through- out the Caribbean region, and most occur at least to Florida in the north, and to Brazil in the south. PetroUsthes amoenus, P. cessacii, and Miny- ocerus angustus, have yet to be reported north of Cuba, whereas Para- petrolisthes tortugensis, Petrolisthes poUtus, and Porcellana sigsbeiana, on the other hand, are not yet known from Brazilian waters. Future collec- tions in these very interesting regions may allow some of these gaps in distribution to be filled. LITERATURE CITED ABELE, L. G. AND R. H. GORE 1973. Selection of a lectotype for Megalobrachium granuliferum Stimpson, 1858 (=M. poeyi Guerin, 1855) (Decapoda, PorceIIanidae). Crus- taceana, 25: 105-106. BEHRE, E. H. 1950. Annotated list of the fauna of the Grand Isle region. Occas. pap. mar. lab., Louisiana State Univ., (6): 1-66. BENEDICT, J. E. 1901. The anomuran collections mady by the Fish Hawk Expedition to Porto Rico. Bull. U. S. Fish Commn, 20 (for ]900) (2): ]31-148, pIs. 3-6. BOONE, L. 1930. Scientific results of the cruises of the yachts "Eagle" and "Ara", 1921-]928, William K. Vanderbilt, commanding. 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