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Free 2-Day Shipping. Same Day Delivery. Help us improve this page. About this item. Specifications Number of Pages: Description The bestselling saga of Eirik the Red, Leif the Lucky, and the first American explorers The all-time bestselling of the sagas in Penguin Classics, The Vinland Sagas are published here in a vibrant new translation. Famous for being the first-ever descriptions of North America, and written down in the early thirteenth century, they recount the Icelandic settlement of Greenland by Eirik the Red, the chance discovery by seafaring adventurers of a mysterious new land, and Eirik's son Leif the Lucky's perilous voyages to explore it. For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1, titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. However, historians commonly believe these sources contain substantial evidence of Viking exploration of North America through the descriptions of topography, natural resources, and native culture. In comparing the events of both books, a realistic timeline can be created. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on February 23, Retrieved October 18, Archived from the original on December 23, Economics Department. Parks Canada. Namespaces Article Talk. Vinland sagas - Wikipedia

About this item. Specifications Number of Pages: Description The bestselling saga of Eirik the Red, Leif the Lucky, and the first American explorers The all-time bestselling of the sagas in Penguin Classics, The Vinland Sagas are published here in a vibrant new translation. Famous for being the first-ever descriptions of North America, and written down in the early thirteenth century, they recount the Icelandic settlement of Greenland by Eirik the Red, the chance discovery by seafaring adventurers of a mysterious new land, and Eirik's son Leif the Lucky's perilous voyages to explore it. For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1, titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators. Report incorrect product info. From the manufacturer No information loaded. The sagas were written down between and , much later than the initial time of action — The name Vinland meaning "Wineland," is attributed to the discovery of grapevines upon the arrival of Leif Eiriksson in North America. The Vinland Sagas represent the most complete information we have about the Norse exploration of the Americas although due to Iceland's oral tradition, they cannot be deemed completely historically accurate and include contradictory details. However, historians commonly believe these sources contain substantial evidence of Viking exploration of North America through the descriptions of topography, natural resources, and native culture. In comparing the events of both books, a realistic timeline can be created. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on February 23, Retrieved October 18, Archived from the original on December 23, The Vinland Sagas | Viking Archaeology

Get A Copy. Paperback , pages. Published September 27th by Penguin Classics first published More Details Other Editions Friend Reviews. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about The Vinland Sagas , please sign up. Lists with This Book. Community Reviews. Showing Average rating 3. Rating details. More filters. Sort order. More fun than most medieval historical sources. These two very short sagas are charmingly uneven and direct and quite unlike the usual dry monkish texts that survive from this era outside Iceland. The focus on relatively ordinary laypeople is refreshing, though will be familiar to those who've already read Icelandic family sagas - all I'd read previously of those was a few chapters of Njal's Saga. The introduction describes family sagas as " the history of a republic in which all the original s More fun than most medieval historical sources. The introduction describes family sagas as " the history of a republic in which all the original settlers had been nominally equal ". Yet they are odd texts to modern literary sensibilities, and could be disappointing if one expected them to conform - just as medieval doodles wouldn't fit the standards of 19th century painting. Both sagas make apparently random zooms on to the detail of certain events or individuals, who often aren't the main features, e. He was a huge man, swarthy and uncouth; he was getting old now, bad-tempered and cunning, taciturn as a rule but abusive when he spoke, and always a trouble-maker. He had not had much to do with Christianity since it had come to Greenland. He was not particularly popular, but Eirik and he had always been close friends. More character background than many more significant players get. For all that the Graenlendinga Saga is described as 'primitive' in style, it feels measured in structure if labelled a 'Vinland Saga', because exploration takes place throughout. Whereas in Eirik's Saga aka Eirik the Red's Saga , the interesting bit about Vinland is all bunched at the end - but that's because the voyage to, and life in Vinland is not directly about Eirik any more; the introduction keeps reminding us that the sagas are primarily about people. This ebook of their Vinland Sagas is even half the price of the new translation. The introduction felt thoroughly vintage near the end, when they mention excavations at L'Anse aux Meadows as a new and recent endeavour; twenty years ago I was adding that name in games of Civilization II. Alongside this is an outdated reference to a pair of married archaeologists as "Dr Helge Ingstad … and his wife", with her not named; ironic when female characters, such as the fearsome Freydis, are consistently named in the sagas and are pivotal in various episodes. The word 'primitive' is used in a few instances where anthropologists would now think better. This is a very short book, which won't outstay its welcome if you are interested in a quick look at the original sources and is also potentially useful for various obscure categories in reading challenges. Timber from Markland, apparently, was not unknown in Greenland for centuries after the Vinland expeditions - it could well be that stories about Vinland were current in the seaports of Europe in the fifteenth century, because throughout that period there was considerable, if illegal, trade between Iceland and Bristol and between Bristol and Portugal; and certainly the Icelanders themselves had not forgotten about Vinland, or the general direction in which it lay - this exhausted outpost of Norse exploration, just beyond the fringe of European endurance … died such a horrible and lonely death while a new age of exploration was dawning in southern Europe … and what they found there. Eirik's Saga - Altogether there were people taking part in this expedition to Vinland Quite a lot. There were so many birds on it that one could scarcely set foot between their eggs. The cooks boiled the meat, but when it was eaten it made them all ill. Horror-movie stuff: sea full of maggots that eat the ship itself. Not heard of this before, perhaps those who read more nautical literature have? The Icelander stepped into the boat and Bjarni went back on board the ship; and it is said that Bjarni and all those who were on the ship with him perished there in the maggot sea. A world with more equal military technologies - Intro it is safe to assume that voyages to Labrador to fetch timber continued for a long time; it had not been the distance that had deterred colonization, but the Native Americans. Eirik's Saga: - Vinland where, it was said, there was excellent land to be had. Outlook strikingly similar to later European colonisers: thinking that there was land for the taking. However, unlike those of years later, they did not have guns and so they were on a relatively more equal footing with the indigenous people. Thorhall and his crew sailed northward past Furdustrands and Kjalarness, and tried to beat westward from there. But they ran into fierce headwinds and were driven right across to Ireland. There they were brutally beaten and enslaved; and there Thorhall died. The king told Leif to use them if he ever needed speed, for they could run faster than deer. Leif and Eirik had turned them over to Karlsefni for this expedition. I always wonder how the fittest people from the past, who had to spend most of their days in physical activity, would compare with modern athletes. Native Americans Introduction: This twelfth-century identification of the Inuit natives of Greenland with the Native Americans of North America, based on the similarity between two primitive material cultures, is an interesting deduction. From Eirik's Saga: the Norse have been in Vinland a while: they caught sight of nine skin-boats; the men in them were waving sticks which made a noise like flails, and the motion was sunwise… [Note: Native Americans are known to have used rattle-sticks during various rituals, which may well be the explanation of this threshing sound the Norsemen could hear. Cloth seems more logical to the modern reader, at least. This terrified Karlsefni and his men so much that their only thought was to flee, and they retreated farther up the river. Religion: a transitional period when Christianity and paganism co-existed Another, even more strikingly detailed portrait of a minor character: Greenlandic prophetess Thorbjorg, in Eirik's Saga : she wore a blue mantle fastened with straps and adorned with stones all the way down to the hem. She had a necklace of glass beads. She carried a staff with a brass-bound knob studded with stones. She wore a belt made of touchwood, from which hung a large pouch, and in this she kept the charms she needed for her witchcraft. On her feet were hairy calfskin shoes with long thick laces which had large tin buttons on the ends. I was curious what attempts to recreate this costume would look like: some examples below. Christian converts and pagans lived side-by-side, and the examples in these two sagas suggest it was generally civil, though sometimes uneasy, with Christians in particular setting boundaries for themselves. But I shall leave it to Thorkel to provide whatever is required. Then Thorbjorn was sent for; he had refused to remain in the house while such pagan practices were being performed. This was my reward for the poem I composed in honour of my patron, Thor; he has seldom failed me. In these early days of Christianity, curious hybrid customs emerged, as here from Eirik's Saga : Gudrid went in to see Thorstein I want to be taken to church, along with the other people who have died here — all except Gardi, whom I want to have burned on a pyre as soon as possible, for he is responsible for all the hauntings that have gone on here this winter. So, either a slave rebellion or an accident led to a feud. He then asked for his bench-boards back, but they were not returned; so Eirik went to Breidabolstead and seized them. Thorgest pursued him, and they fought a battle near the farmstead at Drangar. Scandinavian furniture was a lot more trouble in those days, there being much less of it, and taking far longer to make. Women going to the loo together: One evening Sigrid wanted to go outside to the privy that was opposite the main door. Gudrid went with her. But now quarrels broke out frequently; those who were unmarried kept pestering the married men. To get pissed, like in a Will Ferrell movie? They all had a splendid time at Brattahlid that winter; there was much chess-playing and story- telling, and many other entertainments that enrich a household. View all 12 comments. Apr 24, E. View 1 comment. Dec 13, J. Sutton rated it liked it. These sagas provide great context for the Norse discovery of America. They also offer a glimpse at the character and motivation of some of the chief figures in this age of discovery, especially Erik the Red and Leif Erikson. The sagas also reveal importance of the colonization of Iceland and how this colonization led to further exploration. Great book, a must read if you're interest in viking history and their exploration. Less dense and hard to read then I thought, it was pretty easy to go through but at the same time I've learn a lot so that's great! Love it!! I read this in a slim little Penguin Classics edition which brings together The Saga of the Greenlanders and Eirik the Red's Saga both together are about 50 pages long , together with some good introductory material and lots of informative appendices. I need to dig out my notes from undergrad. Kunz' translation is also mostly pretty good, though there were times where I wished she'd intervened in the text a little more, for the sake of clarity—there was one point in particular, where two Thorsteins and their wives both die, and then someone comes back from the dead and I read it three times and I'm still not entirely sure what was going on. Those quibbles aside, however, this is a good edition to use. You might say the subject interests me! The former is a bit more grounded in reality, whereas the latter has been embellished to include stories of mythical beasts and the like, something medieval storytellers were fond of doing. Jan 20, Marquise rated it really liked it Shelves: 4-stars , medieval-and-epic-literature , vikings , classics. Very interesting sagas, and very easy to read despite the style being rather dry, the passages too brief and devoid of details when describing anything. This Penguin Classics edition comprises two sagas, the Groenlandinga Saga and the Saga of Erik the Red , the first dealing with the discovery and early settlement of Greenland and the second with the immediately following accidental discovery of Vinland actual North America , both by intrepid Norwegian vikings sailing out of their most recent co Very interesting sagas, and very easy to read despite the style being rather dry, the passages too brief and devoid of details when describing anything. This Penguin Classics edition comprises two sagas, the Groenlandinga Saga and the Saga of Erik the Red , the first dealing with the discovery and early settlement of Greenland and the second with the immediately following accidental discovery of Vinland actual North America , both by intrepid Norwegian vikings sailing out of their most recent colony of Iceland. Although the main man in both is Leif Eiriksson "Leif the Lucky" , eldest son of Eirik Thorvaldsson "Eirik the Red" , it's not only about him or his father's exploits. Yes, there was actually a woman amongst the discoverers. Four stars or not, it is hard for me to write excitedly about the Penguin Classics Edition of the Vineland Sagas. The very short book consist of some accessible and generally interesting introduction and very helpful maps and notes by Gisli Sigurdsson and the Sagas of The Greenlanders and Erik the Red both translated by Keneve Sigurdsson. Total page count is about My notion of the importance of sagas is that they combine history, local legends and perhaps enough facts to transmit travel dire Four stars or not, it is hard for me to write excitedly about the Penguin Classics Edition of the Vineland Sagas. My notion of the importance of sagas is that they combine history, local legends and perhaps enough facts to transmit travel directions to the careful reader. That is sagas should be somewhat like a Bible, being the oral traditions, and history and generally the main way to carry vital information forward across generations. More than incidentally these particular sagas reflect the arrival of Christianity among the Vikings with some obvious changes in priorities and emphasis. Speaking only of this translation, for this is the only version I know; these sagas read like academic documents. They seem edited to be dry, documentary, summary and absent any of the kinds of drama and entertainment that would keep pagans, adult or children wide eyed at the communal fireside. Look elsewhere for the heroics of Beowulf. Check your insurance before you depend on these sagas as your sailing directions while exploring in an open boat with neither back up compass nor web based aps. This being the earlier Viking name for most likely Eskimos. Or perhaps what the Canadians now call the people of the First Nations. With more than 1, titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators. Report incorrect product info. From the manufacturer No information loaded. Restrictions apply. Pricing, promotions and availability may vary by location and at Target. The sagas were written down between and , much later than the initial time of action — The name Vinland meaning "Wineland," is attributed to the discovery of grapevines upon the arrival of Leif Eiriksson in North America. The Vinland Sagas represent the most complete information we have about the Norse exploration of the Americas although due to Iceland's oral tradition, they cannot be deemed completely historically accurate and include contradictory details. However, historians commonly believe these sources contain substantial evidence of Viking exploration of North America through the descriptions of topography, natural resources, and native culture. In comparing the events of both books, a realistic timeline can be created. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Винланд — Википедия

See how a store is chosen for you. Loading, please wait Free 2-Day Shipping. Same Day Delivery. Help us improve this page. About this item. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on February 23, Retrieved October 18, Archived from the original on December 23, Economics Department. However, unlike those of years later, they did not have guns and so they were on a relatively more equal footing with the indigenous people. Thorhall and his crew sailed northward past Furdustrands and Kjalarness, and tried to beat westward from there. But they ran into fierce headwinds and were driven right across to Ireland. There they were brutally beaten and enslaved; and there Thorhall died. The king told Leif to use them if he ever needed speed, for they could run faster than deer. Leif and Eirik had turned them over to Karlsefni for this expedition. I always wonder how the fittest people from the past, who had to spend most of their days in physical activity, would compare with modern athletes. Native Americans Introduction: This twelfth-century identification of the Inuit natives of Greenland with the Native Americans of North America, based on the similarity between two primitive material cultures, is an interesting deduction. From Eirik's Saga: the Norse have been in Vinland a while: they caught sight of nine skin-boats; the men in them were waving sticks which made a noise like flails, and the motion was sunwise… [Note: Native Americans are known to have used rattle-sticks during various rituals, which may well be the explanation of this threshing sound the Norsemen could hear. Cloth seems more logical to the modern reader, at least. This terrified Karlsefni and his men so much that their only thought was to flee, and they retreated farther up the river. Religion: a transitional period when Christianity and paganism co-existed Another, even more strikingly detailed portrait of a minor character: Greenlandic prophetess Thorbjorg, in Eirik's Saga : she wore a blue mantle fastened with straps and adorned with stones all the way down to the hem. She had a necklace of glass beads. She carried a staff with a brass-bound knob studded with stones. She wore a belt made of touchwood, from which hung a large pouch, and in this she kept the charms she needed for her witchcraft. On her feet were hairy calfskin shoes with long thick laces which had large tin buttons on the ends. I was curious what attempts to recreate this costume would look like: some examples below. Christian converts and pagans lived side-by-side, and the examples in these two sagas suggest it was generally civil, though sometimes uneasy, with Christians in particular setting boundaries for themselves. But I shall leave it to Thorkel to provide whatever is required. Then Thorbjorn was sent for; he had refused to remain in the house while such pagan practices were being performed. This was my reward for the poem I composed in honour of my patron, Thor; he has seldom failed me. In these early days of Christianity, curious hybrid customs emerged, as here from Eirik's Saga : Gudrid went in to see Thorstein I want to be taken to church, along with the other people who have died here — all except Gardi, whom I want to have burned on a pyre as soon as possible, for he is responsible for all the hauntings that have gone on here this winter. So, either a slave rebellion or an accident led to a feud. He then asked for his bench-boards back, but they were not returned; so Eirik went to Breidabolstead and seized them. Thorgest pursued him, and they fought a battle near the farmstead at Drangar. Scandinavian furniture was a lot more trouble in those days, there being much less of it, and taking far longer to make. Women going to the loo together: One evening Sigrid wanted to go outside to the privy that was opposite the main door. Gudrid went with her. But now quarrels broke out frequently; those who were unmarried kept pestering the married men. To get pissed, like in a Will Ferrell movie? They all had a splendid time at Brattahlid that winter; there was much chess-playing and story-telling, and many other entertainments that enrich a household. View all 12 comments. Apr 24, E. View 1 comment. Dec 13, J. Sutton rated it liked it. These sagas provide great context for the Norse discovery of America. They also offer a glimpse at the character and motivation of some of the chief figures in this age of discovery, especially Erik the Red and Leif Erikson. The sagas also reveal importance of the colonization of Iceland and how this colonization led to further exploration. Great book, a must read if you're interest in viking history and their exploration. Less dense and hard to read then I thought, it was pretty easy to go through but at the same time I've learn a lot so that's great! Love it!! I read this in a slim little Penguin Classics edition which brings together The Saga of the Greenlanders and Eirik the Red's Saga both together are about 50 pages long , together with some good introductory material and lots of informative appendices. I need to dig out my notes from undergrad. Kunz' translation is also mostly pretty good, though there were times where I wished she'd intervened in the text a little more, for the sake of clarity—there was one point in particular, where two Thorsteins and their wives both die, and then someone comes back from the dead and I read it three times and I'm still not entirely sure what was going on. Those quibbles aside, however, this is a good edition to use. You might say the subject interests me! The former is a bit more grounded in reality, whereas the latter has been embellished to include stories of mythical beasts and the like, something medieval storytellers were fond of doing. Jan 20, Marquise rated it really liked it Shelves: 4-stars , medieval-and-epic-literature , vikings , classics. Very interesting sagas, and very easy to read despite the style being rather dry, the passages too brief and devoid of details when describing anything. This Penguin Classics edition comprises two sagas, the Groenlandinga Saga and the Saga of Erik the Red , the first dealing with the discovery and early settlement of Greenland and the second with the immediately following accidental discovery of Vinland actual North America , both by intrepid Norwegian vikings sailing out of their most recent co Very interesting sagas, and very easy to read despite the style being rather dry, the passages too brief and devoid of details when describing anything. This Penguin Classics edition comprises two sagas, the Groenlandinga Saga and the Saga of Erik the Red , the first dealing with the discovery and early settlement of Greenland and the second with the immediately following accidental discovery of Vinland actual North America , both by intrepid Norwegian vikings sailing out of their most recent colony of Iceland. Although the main man in both is Leif Eiriksson "Leif the Lucky" , eldest son of Eirik Thorvaldsson "Eirik the Red" , it's not only about him or his father's exploits. Yes, there was actually a woman amongst the discoverers. Four stars or not, it is hard for me to write excitedly about the Penguin Classics Edition of the Vineland Sagas. The very short book consist of some accessible and generally interesting introduction and very helpful maps and notes by Gisli Sigurdsson and the Sagas of The Greenlanders and Erik the Red both translated by Keneve Sigurdsson. Total page count is about My notion of the importance of sagas is that they combine history, local legends and perhaps enough facts to transmit travel dire Four stars or not, it is hard for me to write excitedly about the Penguin Classics Edition of the Vineland Sagas. My notion of the importance of sagas is that they combine history, local legends and perhaps enough facts to transmit travel directions to the careful reader. That is sagas should be somewhat like a Bible, being the oral traditions, and history and generally the main way to carry vital information forward across generations. More than incidentally these particular sagas reflect the arrival of Christianity among the Vikings with some obvious changes in priorities and emphasis. Speaking only of this translation, for this is the only version I know; these sagas read like academic documents. They seem edited to be dry, documentary, summary and absent any of the kinds of drama and entertainment that would keep pagans, adult or children wide eyed at the communal fireside. Look elsewhere for the heroics of Beowulf. Check your insurance before you depend on these sagas as your sailing directions while exploring in an open boat with neither back up compass nor web based aps. This being the earlier Viking name for most likely Eskimos. Or perhaps what the Canadians now call the people of the First Nations. However here the fights were not steel and gunpowder, versus bows and arrows, but rather iron verses large number of locals. Where Iron won, the sagas got to be written. My decision to read the Vineland Sagas was to learn about the tales of early travelers and non-Greco-Roman mythologies. This deck chair exploration is academically interesting, but too sanitized Aug 29, Melanti rated it really liked it Shelves: classics , nonfiction. I'm fascinated by history and pseudoarcheology, so this seemed like a great way of dipping my toe into the Icelandic Sagas, which I've been meaning to get around to for quite a while now. This particular edition was pretty cool in that it had footnotes confirming the existence of various structure I'm fascinated by history and pseudoarcheology, so this seemed like a great way of dipping my toe into the Icelandic Sagas, which I've been meaning to get around to for quite a while now. That being said, I think I would have enjoyed Eirik's saga on its own merits more if I hadn't read them back to back. Reading them back to back makes it easier to compare the conflicting historical accounts which is good for historical purposes but it just highlights the parts where Christianity was shoe-horned in, giving it a bigger role than it probably had in reality. An extra star awarded just because I love pseudoarcheology despite fully acknowledging the validity of the pseudo prefix. I can't help it I classed it as non-fiction because much of the book is discussing Viking culture at the time and giving context, such as maps, about the sagas. Although I find the Vikings fascinating, I've never read many books about them, so this was a brilliant Christmas present to receive. I liked these two short sagas. It is fascinating to read stories that are this old and find that they are very readable. I liked it also, that there were quite a few descriptions of the characters in the saga, and what others thought of their actions. All in all a nice ge I liked these two short sagas. All in all a nice getting to know this kind of stories. Jul 22, David Sarkies rated it really liked it Recommends it for: Historians and people who love Vikings. Shelves: history. Viking adventures across the Atlantic Ocean 27 September I have long heard the rumours that the Vikings had discovered North America long before Christopher Columbus sailed across the Atlantic but I had always assumed that it was little more than a single expedition of which nothing more came about. However, this little book, which contains two Viking texts: Eirik's Saga and the Graenlendinga Saga says otherwise. Both of these texts tell the same story, however there are a few differences i Viking adventures across the Atlantic Ocean 27 September I have long heard the rumours that the Vikings had discovered North America long before Christopher Columbus sailed across the Atlantic but I had always assumed that it was little more than a single expedition of which nothing more came about. Both of these texts tell the same story, however there are a few differences in that Eirik's Saga seems to be more of a text telling how Christianity came to Greenland while the Graenlendinga Saga is more focused on the journeys of the Vikings. Both stories begin with the discovery and colonisation of Greenland and then the subsequent journeys to North America, or Vinland, as it was called back then. It is debatable as to how authentic the stories in this book are, though it is quite clear, specifically with the descriptions of the lands encountered, that the events really did happen. In fact, the Graenlendinga saga is quite descriptive with both the lands discovered and the people discovering the land. It is interesting that the writer of this saga spends time giving a description of the main characters something which tends to be missing from other ancient texts. Another thing that I found interesting was the discovery of Greenland. I was told as a child that Greenland was called Greenland so that people would go there instead of to Iceland, which was a much more habitable island. However, according to these sagas, the island got the name to encourage people to emigrate and settle there. The voyages beyond Greenland to Vinland as I shall call it were voyages of exploration, though Vinland was originally discovered when a Viking ship was sent off course in a storm. They attempted to establish settlements in Vinland, but hostile natives and the distance made such colonies difficult to support. When the little ice age arrived, the Vikings found that the conditions in Greenland became much more hostile, and thus that passage to Vinland was closed. The native Americans in this text are called Skaelings. While I think this name sounds much better than Indian, it should be remember that Skaeling is actually quite a derogative term. Therefore, Native American is probably the better term, though the most respectful term would be relating them to their particular nations of which there were many. What these sagas demonstrate is that the Vikings where quite a cultured and capable people. Eirik's saga tells of how Christianity came to Iceland and then to Greenland, and it was because of Christianity that these sagas were written it was preferable to dancing. I always considered Vikings to be big hairy brutes with horned helmets that raided coastal Europe killing people. However these sagas and no doubt many of the others demonstrate that not only where they incredibly competent sailors, but that they were also a very sophisticated people with a rich cultural heritage. Mar 08, Mattias rated it really liked it Shelves: non-fiction , medieval , iceland. I read these for the early descriptions of North America and its Indigenous people, expecting them to be rather dry, like a lot of historical documents, but the sagas were written as entertainment and they are still an entertaining read, even with the passage of centuries and the problem of translation.

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