PDF Download the Vinland Sagas 1St Edition
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus Donald E
Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research Volume 6 | Issue 1 Article 3 August 2016 The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus Donald E. Warden Oglethorpe University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/ojur Part of the Canadian History Commons, European History Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, Medieval History Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, and the Scandinavian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Warden, Donald E. (2016) "The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus," Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research: Vol. 6 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/ojur/vol6/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus Cover Page Footnote I would like to thank my honors thesis committee: Dr. Michael Rulison, Dr. Kathleen Peters, and Dr. Nicholas Maher. I would also like to thank my friends and family who have supported me during my time at Oglethorpe. Moreover, I would like to thank my academic advisor, Dr. Karen Schmeichel, and the Director of the Honors Program, Dr. Sarah Terry. I could not have done any of this without you all. This article is available in Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/ojur/vol6/iss1/3 Warden: Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Part I: Piecing Together the Puzzle Recent discoveries utilizing satellite technology from Sarah Parcak; archaeological sites from the 1960s, ancient, fantastical Sagas, and centuries of scholars thereafter each paint a picture of Norse-Indigenous contact and relations in North America prior to the Columbian Exchange. -
Annette Kolodny in Search of First Contact
In Search of First Contact The Vikings of Vinland, the Peoples of the Dawnland, and the Anglo-American Anxiety of Discovery Annette Kolodny In Search of First Contact The Vikings of Vinland, the Peoples of the Dawnland, and the Anglo- American Anxiety of Discovery ✴ Annette Kolodny Duke university Press Durham anD LonDon 2012 © 2012 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ♾ Designed by C. H. Westmoreland Typeset in Chaparral Pro by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. With DeeP Love anD enDLess gratituDe, this book is DeDicateD to my truest teachers, Past anD Present: Sarah Katz Rivkind and David Rivkind, doting grandparents who believed I could do no wrong Esther Rivkind Kolodny, my loving mother who did her best Blanche Gladstone, P.S. 139, Brooklyn, New York Harriet Knight Felder, Erasmus Hall High School, Brooklyn, New York Lillian Fischer Schlissel, Brooklyn College, New York Odd Nordland, University of Oslo, Norway Odd- Erik Bjarre, Oslo, Norway Stanley E. Fish, University of California, Berkeley Norman S. Grabo, University of California, Berkeley Mark Schorer, University of California, Berkeley Henry Nash Smith, University of California, Berkeley Dorothee Finkelstein, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut C. Hugh Holman, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Per Seyersted and Brita Lindberg Seyersted, University of Oslo, Norway Gary Lindberg, University of New Hampshire, Durham Patricia Clark Smith, Mi´kmaq, University of New Mexico Arnie Neptune, Penobscot Nation elder and leader of ceremonies Wayne Newell, Passamaquoddy elder and educator James G. -
Norse America
BULLFROG FILMS PRESENTS NORSE AMERICA Study Guide by Thomas H. McGovern NORSE AMERICA 56 minutes Produced & Directed by T.W. Timreck and W.N. Goetzmann in association with the Arctic Studies Center at Smithsonian Institution VHS videos and DVDs available for rental or purchase from Bullfrog Films® ©1997 Bullfrog Films, Inc. Guide may be copied for educational purposes only. Not for resale. NORSE AMERICA Study Guide by Thomas H. McGovern North Atlantic Biocultural Organization Anthropology Department Hunter College, CUNY 695 Park Ave., New York, N.Y. 10021 SYNOPSIS Norse America introduces the viewer to the latest findings on the Viking-Age voyages across the North Atlantic to North America. It places these medieval transatlantic travels in the wider context of prehistoric maritime adaptations in North Atlantic Europe, and illustrates the continuity of seafaring traditions from Neolithic to early medieval times. The remarkable Norse voyages across the North Atlantic were part of the Scandinavian expansion between AD 750-1000 that saw Viking raids on major European monasteries and cities, long distance trading ventures into central Asia, and the settlement of the offshore islands of the North Atlantic. The impact of Viking raiders on the centers of early medieval literacy are comparatively well-documented in monastic annals and contemporary histories, but the Norse movement westwards into the Atlantic is recorded mainly by modern archaeology and by the semi-fictional sagas produced by the Norsemen themselves. While many of the sagas describe events of the 9th and 10th centuries (complete with memorable dialog and very specific descriptions of scenery), they werefirst written down in the 13th-14th centuries in Iceland. -
L'anse Aux Meadows and Vinland Birgitta Wallace
Document généré le 28 sept. 2021 23:53 Newfoundland Studies The Norse in Newfoundland: L'Anse aux Meadows and Vinland Birgitta Wallace Volume 19, numéro 1, spring 2003 URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/nflds19_1art02 Aller au sommaire du numéro Éditeur(s) Faculty of Arts, Memorial University ISSN 0823-1737 (imprimé) 1715-1430 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer cet article Wallace, B. (2003). The Norse in Newfoundland:: L'Anse aux Meadows and Vinland. Newfoundland Studies, 19(1), 5–43. All rights reserved © Memorial University, 2003 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. L’utilisation des services d’Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d’utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l’Université de Montréal, l’Université Laval et l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. https://www.erudit.org/fr/ The Norse in Newfoundland: L’Anse aux Meadows and Vinland BIRGITTA WALLACE ONE THOUSAND YEARS AGO, the Old World and the New stood face to face in the Strait of Belle Isle. The landing of the Norse on the shores of North America was not the result of a sudden journey but the endpoint of a step-by-step expansion stretching over two centuries. This expansion began in southwestern Norway, where chieftains and minor kings jostled for power over a growing population. In such a competitive context, migration across the North Sea to the Scottish Isles and the Faeroes was an attractive alternative to staying home. -
Eben Norton Horsford, the Northmen, and the Founding of Massachusetts RICHARD R
Eben Norton Horsford, the Northmen, and the Founding of Massachusetts RICHARD R. JOHN The West is preparing to add its fables to those of the East. The valleys of the Ganges, the Nile, and the Rhine having yielded their crop, it remains to be seen what the valleys of the Amazon, the Plate, the Orinoco, the St. Lawrence, and the Mississippi will produce. Perchance, when, in the course of ages, American liberty has become a fiction of the past — as it is to some extent a fiction of the present — the poets of the world will be inspired by American mythology. —Henry David Thoreau, "Walking" On a grassy knoll overlooking the Charles River near Mount Auburn Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts, one can find a commemorative stone tablet with a curious inscription. Here once stood a house of Leif Erikson's, or so we are told. The inscription is so authoritative, and the tablet itself so sim- ilar to the myriad historical markers in the immediate vicinity, that it has doubtless been taken at face value by many of the Eben Norton Horsford countless passersby who have paused to make it out. After all, so many famous people have lived in Cambridge at one time 117 118 Richard R. John Eben Norton Horsford 119 or another that it would hardly seem remarkable if Leif Erik- The Erikson tablet, it turns out, was the work of neither son had, too. Yet those with at least a passing acquaintance a crank nor a fraud. Rather, it was the gift of Eben Norton with the byways of early American history are bound to find Horsford (1818-93), an industrial entrepreneur and one- this inscription more than a little odd. -
Falling Into Vínland Newfoundland Hunting Pitfalls at the Edge of the Viking World
Acta Archaeologica vol. 83, 2012, pp 145-177 Copyright 2012 Printed in Denmark • All rights reserved ACTA ARCHAEOLOGICA ISSN 0065-101X (print) ISSN 1600-0390 (online) FALLING INTO VÍNLAND NEWFOUNDLAND HUNTING PITFALLS AT THE EDGE OF THE VIKING WORLD Jónas Kristjánsson, Bjarni F. Einarsson, Kristján Jónasson, Kevin McAleese & Þór Hjaltalín ABSTRACT. Two interwoven topics are dealt with, fi rst- could be Sop’s Arm in White Bay on the North coast of ly a new interpretation of the Icelandic Sagas and histor- Newfoundland. The system of pitfalls that was surveyed ical written sources on the Viking age voyages to North and excavated is close to Sop’s Arm. The pitfalls form an America, leading to a theory on the location of Vínland, 82 metre long system that lies in an almost straight line. and secondly an archaeological survey of deer hunting Individual pits are now 1.5–2.3 metres deep and 7–10 pitfalls in Newfoundland, which were possibly dug by the metres long. Two pitfalls were excavated by taking a sec- Nordic voyagers a millenium ago. According WR the theory tion into them. Attempted radiocarbon dating of soil from of the article, Vínland is the modern day Newfoundland, two pitfalls was inconclusive. Considerable soil thicken- and the Straumfjord of the sagas, where Thorfi nn Karl- ing of 55–110 centimetres since the pitfall construction sefni and Gudríd Thorbjarnardóttir attempted settlement was observed. 1. INTRODUCTION Several written sources dating from the 11th, 12th and One of the authors of the article, Kevin McAleese is 13th centuries tell about the discovery of North America only responsible for Aboriginal and non-Norse settlement by Icelanders and Greenlanders around the year 1000 AD. -
Lesson Plan 1
The Children of Eric the Red Explore the West: The Norsemen Encounter Indigenous People of North America Suggested Grades: 9-12 n fourteen hundred and ninety-two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue…” “IWhat American child—or adult, if the truth be told—doesn’t mentally invoke this little rhyme to remember the year when Christopher Columbus left Spain, sailed across the Atlantic, and landed on the shores of what would come to be called “The New World” or “America?” We have no similar memory aid to help recall the earlier “Norsemen” or “Viking” explorers who journeyed across the ocean from Norway to Iceland, then to Greenland, and eventually to an area in North America that they named “Vinland” (“Wineland”). They explored and even settled briefly in North America nearly five hundred years before Columbus’s 1492 journey. While neither Columbus nor the Vikings discovered America — both North and Lesson Plan 1 South America had been inhabited for more than ten thousand years when Columbus arrived — it is fitting to credit the Vikings as the first Europeans to reach the American continents within recorded history. Background: The Vikings in North Greenland built a village at what is now America, and their Documents called L’Anse aux Meadows in north- ern Newfoundland. We know little about the Vikings who came to North America approximately one thou- • The first documentary evidence of sand years ago. Nor do we know much about Norse contact with lands west of the details of their experiences as explor- Greenland is a brief mention written ers and settlers here. -
Leif Erikson by Emma Groeneveld - September 20, 2018
Leif Erikson by Emma Groeneveld - September 20, 2018 Leif Erikson (also spelled Leif Eriksson, Old Norse Leifr Eiríksson), nicknamed Leif ‘the Lucky’, was a Norse Viking who is best known for arguably being the first European to have set foot on North American soil along with his crew c. 1000 CE. Probably born in Iceland around 970-980 CE, Leif was the son of the famous Erik the Red who set up the first Viking settlement in Greenland in the late 980s CE. After his father’s death just after 1000 CE, Leif succeeded him as chieftain of Greenland, and because his son Thorkel had succeeded him by 1025 CE it is fair to assume Leif had died by then, though it is unsure exactly when. Leif’s larger-than-life reputation mostly stems from the 13th- century CE Icelandic Vinland Sagas (the independently composed The Saga of the Greenlanders and Erik the Red’s Saga) which tell the story of how he kitted out the first Norse expedition to Newfoundland and the surrounding areas, in present-day Canada. Here, he discovered, among others, the grapevines that inspired the Vikings’ name for the area: Vinland (Old Norse Vínland, ‘Wine Land’). In fact, most of what we know about Leif Erikson comes from these two sagas. Importantly, they were not eye-witness accounts but concern events dating to more than two centuries before they were written down. The stories’ similarities and their context, however, do support the idea that they refer to real people and events that were at least partially preserved by means of an oral tradition. -
The Viking Age: an Overview Hen a Band of Raiders from Scandinavia Time
The Viking Age: An Overview hen a band of raiders from Scandinavia time. In fact, their raids on monasteries are mainly attacked the English monastery at Lind- explained by the fact that they were not Christian Wisfarne, in Northumbria, in 793 AD, the at the time, and thus felt no sacrilege in attacking these wealthy, unprotected places. VIKING SOCIETY Overall, most of the Norse people were peaceful farmers, attached to the land and particularly able to raise cattle and livestock which they even traded to their neigh- bors. Throughout the Norse or Vikings? Viking Age, there was Although we generally refer to medieval also a lot of peace- Scandinavians as Vikings, people in their time ful trading between called them the Norse, Danes, Rus or simply, Scandinavia and the the Northmen. The word Viking largely emerged surrounding countries, The church and norman abbey ruins at in the last 200 years, even though it has its Lindisfarne, England, site of the first recorded even as raids and wars roots in the old Norse word vik or “bay”, or in Viking raid in Europe of conquest continued the expression “i viking” which meant to go all over Europe. terror they caused was so great that news of it raiding. To better represent the importance of quickly spread all around Europe. The fact that Social organization was farmers, traders or craftsmen in the “Viking” they had attacked a house of God made the men dominated by the pow- world, it is more exact to use the word “Norse”, from the North seem like particularly ruthless war- er of local chieftains which emphasizes the common Nordic culture riors, a reputation that still dominates our vision who came together at of these peoples who settled everywhere from of the Vikings today. -
The Vinland Sagas: a Military Historical Analysis of Exploration, Trade and Conflict in the New World Jared Lister
The Vinland Sagas: A Military Historical Analysis of Exploration, Trade and Conflict in the New World Jared Lister Dr. Armann Jakobsson (Supervisor) Medieval Icelandic Studies/Viking and Medieval Norse Studies The University of Iceland Reykjavik, Iceland May 14, 2015 Lister I Acknowledgements Without the support of certain individuals in my life I would have never been able to complete this thesis, let alone come to Iceland to pursue my dreams. First and foremost I have to thank my parents, Susie and Brian Lister, without your loving support over the years I would not have been able to have the confidence to continue on with my dreams. Secondly are my loving Grandparents, Leila and Donnie Levison and Dewitt and Ann Lister, who have always been there for me and have listened to my historical explanations of almost anything I could think of from the time I was six years old; also I want to thank you for your spiritual help over the years. I appreciate, and love, you for it. Thirdly I want to thank my Crandall University professors Dr. Keith Bodner and Dr. Barry Smith who have given me great knowledge, gave me the chance to prove myself in Graduate school and who have also taught me many lessons which I will never forget. Also I would like to thank the VMN/MIS faculty from the University of Iceland, without you accepting me into the program and giving me the chance to prove myself I would have never been able to follow my dream. Dr. Torfi, Dr. Viðar and Dr. -
Hierophanies in the Vinland Sagas: Images of a New World ______
Hierophanies in the Vinland Sagas: Images of a New World _________________________________________________________________ Aidan Foster Abstract. The fabled land of Vinland is mentioned in legends. Described as a place of immense natural wealth with abundant pastures, wild grapes, self-sown wheat and rivers and lakes full of salmon, one gains the impression of an earthly paradise where all wants could be met. This paper asks whether the Viking settlement at L’Anse aux Meadows (Newfoundland, Canada) could be considered a sacred space, as delineated by the twentieth century religious historian Mircea Eliade. In his research into hierophanies, a feature of his definition of sacred space, Eliade documents the widespread use of vines as a hierophany, suggesting that the presence of vines in the Vinland Sagas may not be literal but used as a metaphor for something symbolically more significant. One of the most evocative images that comes down to us from Norse legends is that of the fabled land of Vinland. Described as a place of immense natural wealth with abundant pastures, wild grapes, self-sown wheat and rivers and lakes full of salmon, one gains the impression of an earthly paradise where all wants could be met. The main sources for the legend of Vinland come from two Icelandic sagas: The Saga of the Greenlanders (GS) and Eirik the Red’s Saga (ES).1 They are both based on oral traditions and first written down in the early thirteenth century.2 In 1914, W.A. Munn published a short book suggesting that Vinland was located in what is now Canada at the northernmost tip of the island of Newfoundland near the present community of L’Anse aux Meadows.3 Whilst the link to Vinland is considered by some to be 1 Keneva Kunz and Gisli Sigurdsson, The Vinland Sagas: The Icelandic Sagas About the First Documented Voyages Across the North Atlantic: The Saga of the Greenlanders and Eirik the Red's Saga (London: Penguin Classics, 1997). -
The Vinland Phenomenon Tracing a Transatlantic Medieval Myth in Modern Newfoundland Content
Rona Rangsch The Vinland Phenomenon Tracing a transatlantic medieval myth in modern Newfoundland Content Preface by Birgitta Wallace 5 Introduction 9 Vinland Quotes 13 Vinland Visions 51 Vinland Spots & Stories 65 The Vinland Questionnaire 89 Conclusion 117 References 118 Acknowledgements 120 Imprint 120 Opposite Page: Looking towards the steep cliffs of Western Brook Pond, a fjord at the westcoast of Newfoundland which was once connected to the Gulf of St. Lawrence 3 Preface by Birgitta Wallace When I arrived in North America in the 1960s I was amazed in Greenland could cover safely, and besides, none of the by the widespread fascination with Norse Vinland and the artifacts looked anything like the weapons used by the Norse themselves, commonly referred to as Vikings. This Vikings. Nor were the inscriptions in the language spoken was particularly striking as, at the time, Scandinavians by the Vikings. Yet these are not the conclusions wanted back in their own lands were not particularly interested by Viking fans. The romance of undiscovered Viking in their Viking forbearers. This has since changed as the sites has a firm grip on the public in wide parts of North great tourist potential of everything Viking has taken America but also in Newfoundland. hold. One of my first assignments as an archaeologist with Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, PA, Newfoundland can lay special claims as we really know was to travel to every alleged Viking location in North that the Vikings were there and that they regularly left America, to view every artifact, inscription, and site and their post in L’Anse aux Meadows to explore other regions.