Vol. 56. No. 2 A Publication of UMA, Inc Jul - Sept 2016 Editor: Daniel Gomes, 2021 Ptarmigan Drive #1 Walnut Creek, Ca 94595 E-Mail:[email protected]

UMA Noite Tropical Photos by Cecilia Naval

UMA Noite Tropical was held at the Event Center at Rossmoor, Walnut Creek on Saturday, August 13, 2016. There were approximately 120 attendees who enjoyed a sumptuous meal, open bar and dancing to the music of DJ Collin Dickie. Enjoy the pictures below.

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Noite Tropical

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Noite Tropical

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Noite Tropical

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Noite Tropical

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Noite Tropical

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Noite Tropical

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PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE Sandy Souza

The UMA General Meeting will be held on Saturday, November 12, 2016 at our Cultural Center. As this is an election year, please be sure to complete the ballot on the next page and return it to Nominations Chairperson prior to November 12, 2016. Do plan to attend the meeting if possible for updates on UMA. We will need a count of members planning to attend as a luncheon will be provided for those present. Pease rsvp to me at 925-639-7708 or email me at [email protected] by November 5th of your attendance.

Since our last Bulletin, we had several well attended and successful events, namely, our Thanksgiving Mass, the Annual Golf Tournament, and our highly successful Noite Tropical. Articles and photos are in this Bulletin and also on our Website.

Upcoming events include the joint casa events of Our Lady of Fatima, as well as a welcome reception for Joaquim Castro from Macau and lastly for UMA members, our Members Appreciation / Christmas Luncheon. Please refer to the flyers in this Bulletin.

The Macau Cultural Center is offering conversational Portuguese and Mandarin Classes. If you are interested, please contact them at [email protected] for information on their next series of classes.

2016 Encontro: For the participants of the 2016 Encontro, you will be receiving further information regarding changes to venues, etc.

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING Saturday, November 12, 2016 at 11AM AT THE MACAU CULTURAL CENER 109 J STREET, FREMONT, CA 94536 AGENDA 1. Roll Call 2. Approval of Mid-Term Minutes of May 24, 2016. 3. Treasurer’s Report 4. Membership Chairperson’s Report 5. President’s Report 6. UMA Bulletin 7. Proposed Events for January 1-December 39, 2017 8. Proposed Budget for January 1-September 30, 2017 9. Review of Various Committees 10. MCC Board of Directors 11. MCC Assistants 12. New Business 13. Old Business 14. 2017 Annual General Meeting 15. Adjournment

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UMA, INC. BALLOT

FOR OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE 2017-2018 TERM

The following have been nominated as Officers of UMA. These positions have not been contested so please check mark besides the Officer position to signify your confirmation.

Sandra Souza – President & Director ______

Flavia Greubel – Vice-President & Director______

Pauline De Assis – Secretary & Director______

Joanne Segovia – Treasurer & Director______

The following have been nominated as Directors of UMA. Please vote for the following Directors by placing a check mark next to their names.

Maria Fatima Gomes___

Henrique Oliveira ___

Luiz Ozorio ___

Vilma Remedios ___

Ramon Xavier ___

Please confirm the above-named candidates for the Board of Directors of UMA for the 2017- 2018 by signing and returning your ballot by November 5, 2016 to:

Miguella Remedios 1301Ptarmigan Drive # 2 Walnut Creek, Ca. 94595

Signature______Date______

Print Name______Or bring this ballot to UMA AGM by 11am on November 12, 2016 at the MCC, 109 J St. Fremont, CA.

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UMA Scholarship Recipient for 2016

Dawson d'Almeida

My family has, without a doubt, been the largest influence on me, both on a personal and academic level. From the moment of my birth Virginia and Carlos d’Almeida, or better known by me Nana and Papa, were there beside me. They supported my choices, encouraged my growth, developed my character and were there for me through thick and thin. I learned perseverance from Papa, as despite his long term leg injury, he chased me around the house and pushed through all of the physical activities that I forced upon him. From Nana I attained a thoughtful personality. I wouldn’t push haphazardly into any situation, but consider outcomes and be logical. And above all else, they taught me to be kind and selfless. Never have I met other people who would be so willing to go out of their way to support someone else, whether family or friend. I am so grateful to have understood at a young age what it truly meant to be compassionate. As for my sister, father and mother, I owe all of my success, happiness and wellbeing to them. I have never had a better supporter than my mom and dad or a better friend and role model than my sister. As I move to the next step in my life, I know that I will never be alone. As for me, I am excited to move on to bigger and better things, pursue my interests and challenge my beliefs in a new environment. Besides being an academic, I have a passion for creating and playing music, both electronically and on my clarinet. I spent my previous three years in Vienna, Austria, the classical music capital of the world, where I attended a school with a passion for music. There my interest in clarinet grew into passion and talent. From this I also met a very important person in my life, a friend and instructor, Norbert Amon. Not only did he bestow upon me some clarinet prowess, but he also taught me to calm down and not to stress too much over life’s problems. Although it is incredibly difficult to be a professional musician, he found time to not only teach me the clarinet but also help me grow as a person. Additionally, I worked in a sound studio with Ingo Sanders, where I expanded my love for music to production and mixing. I became very close to him as well, finding myself spending many hours discussing other things such as sports, health and the universe. Music has taught me many things, but most importantly it has shown me how it can bring people of different cultures, ages, and ideologies together. I will bring my musical passion to Carleton College, my future home for my next four years, but I am excited for many other things as well. I am restless in anticipation of meeting many other young people who will intrigue and compel me to greater things. I am also excited to challenge myself academically. I plan on majoring in either Computer Science or Astrophysics. Luckily I have two years to decide which subject suits me best, because of its liberal arts ideology. Furthermore, this will allow me to better my critical thinking skills and provide me a well-rounded education. Although still a long way off, I do contemplate my goal for a career and for my life overall. I have had many dreams, starting as a house builder to an astronomer to an engineer and now a potential physicist or computer scientist. I hope my profession will interest me and bring joy to my life. With my potentially changing interests, however, I may perhaps go into engineering or mathematical analysis. But I have always had one goal driving me and that is to make the world a better place, regardless of the size of my contribution. And I thank you for helping me get started on my dream. UMA News Bulletin Fall Issue 2016 Page 10 of 32

Rosario Scholarship Recipient for 2016 Angelica Monesi

I am very honored to receive the Rosario Scholarship for 2016. It will help me with my future endeavors as a UC San Diego Triton. This fall will be very exciting as I move away to San Diego to embark on a new journey and begin to focus on my academic major global studies. I am hoping to learn and master new languages as well as become cultured in various types of societies. Traveling is one of my favorite activities and my major will allow me the pleasure of pursuing this interest further into the future. I love exploring new places and experiencing the difference in culture when I am in a foreign nation. One of my major goals is to study abroad in multiple countries; I hope to study in three different countries during college.

Having my grandparents, Eduardo and Pauline de Assis, as UMA members has contributed in showing me the importance of family heritage. I hope to learn more about my Portuguese roots and my Italian ancestry. I am very grateful to be blessed with such a loving and caring family. I could not have made it this far without the support of my parents and grandparents. They have all helped me through the stressful times of life and celebrated with me during the exciting moments. It really is a blessing to have a family that cares so much and I feel confident and secure knowing that I have so much support as I prepare for college. I am excited for this new chapter of my life to begin and thanks to the UMA Scholarship Committee I feel even more prepared to start college.

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Game day

Come and join us for a day of fun and games with family and friends:

Mahjong, Poker, Rummikub, Mexican Train, Etc.!

Date: Saturday, October 8, 2016 Time: 10:30 AM – 10:00 PM

Place: Vista Room@ Hillside Rossmoor, Ca.

Cost per Person : $ 15.00 UMA Members $ 30.00 Non Members

10:30 AM Coffee, Bagels & Donuts 1:00 PM Lunch 4:00 PM Tea 7:00 PM Dinner

Deadline for Reservations: September 28, 2016

------

Please make reservations early and send checks payable to UMA, Inc., to: Flavia Greubel, 1232 Skycrest Drive # 2, Walnut Creek, Ca. 94595 Tel: (925)930-8672

Name: ______Tel: ______Name:______Tel: ______Name:______Tel: ______Name:______Tel: ______

Please Note: There Will Be No Refunds For No Shows

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Sponsored by Macau Cultural Center and Fundação Oriente, ,

ST. ANNE'S CATHOLIC CHURCH 1600 ROSSMOOR PARKWAY WALNUT CREEK, CA 94595

CLUB ROOM , CREEKSIDE CLUBHOUSE ROSSMOOR Directions:Tell Security you are going to Creekside Clubhouse. After clearing Security, go straight on Rossmoor Parkway. After the 3rd STOP Sign, turn Right into Parking lot. Club Room is 1st room on the right when entering the Clubhouse.

$12.00 FOR CASA DE MACAU, LUSITANO & UMA MEMBERS $20.00 FOR NON-MEMBERS (No refunds for no shows)

Please RSVP by October 1 with names of attendees to [email protected] or Flavia Greubel at (925) 930 - 8672

Mail check payable to: MACAU CULTURAL CENTER 582 Market St # 1905, San Francisco, CA94104

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The Macau Cultural Center Cordially invite all fellow Macanese or “Filhos da Terra” to join us on Sunday, October 23, 2016 10:30am at MACAU CULTURAL CENTER 109 J Street, Fremont, CA 94536 for a Special Event welcoming Joaquim Magalhães de Castro A Portuguese researcher and journalist commissioned by the International Institute of Macau to Research on the Macanese Diaspora in North America. Joaquim hopes to meet as many Macanese or “filhos da terra” during his visit for a personal interview and collect as many oral testimonies and video recordings to help with his research about the Macanese in the Diaspora, their identity, social effects, changes and their integration in the new reality. He is also very interested to meet and hear from the younger generation, the children and grandchildren of natives from Macau, and see how they identify with the territory of their ancestors. We hope you will be able to join us and share your stories with Joaquim on October 23rd or schedule a day to talk with him during his visit in the San Francisco Bay Area October 21 -30, 2016.

A Macanese Lunch will be provided from 12-1pm Cost $10 payable to Macau Cultural Center 582 Market St #1905, San Francisco, CA 94104 by October 13, 2016 RSVP to [email protected] or call Flavia at 925-930-8672

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Obituary

Brown, Merlinde Maria (d’Assumpcao) beloved wife of Ron Brown, passed away in Roseville, California on 7/1/2016 after a short illness.

She leaves behind a daughter, Bridgette and son Michael, in-laws Constantinos Anastasiou and Wendy Brown, and grandchildren Sierra and Austin Brown and Joshua Anastasiou.

Merlinde was an accomplished school teacher with a Master’s Degree and taught for 30 years.

Due to a culinary skills, Merlinde was involved in many clubs. She was an exquisite cook, and always asked to bring one of her many dishes to the party. She loved to entertain and hosted many family gatherings. If one were invited and brought someone new to her home, the person would be treated with genuine “Merlind’s Hospitality”. If it were Christmas, no one would leave her home without a gift. Her generosity not only extended to the family, but to anyone who crossed her path.

Merlinde donated to several causes that were close to her heart; one of them was St. Jude. When someone was depressed, she would send a card along with picture of St. Jude to cheer the person up - She loves to send cards to all who knew her.

Merlinde and Ron were married for fifty three years, just shy of five months to their fifty fourth Wedding Anniversary. They shared every day together and even travelled the world together. If you were looking for one, the other was close by.

In 2011 Merlinde found it difficult to walk so Ron bought a scooter – he kept the scooter in the car and assembled it whenever she need to go shopping. The scooter also helped her enjoy the new addition to the family, grandson Joshua. She enjoyed taking Joshua on her lap and ride all over the house, of cause, to the delight of Joshua.

Correa, Francisco Leonardo (“Frank”) (01/28/1931 – 07/02/2016), passed away peacefully on 2nd July, 2016 at St. Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Loving husband of Vivienne, beloved father of Anthony, Michael, Peter and Joanna, Cherished father- in-law of Rebecca, Heidi, Meg and Josko.

Adored Grandpa to Leonardo, Ella, Catarina, Patrick, Gisele, Sebastian, Julian, Eliana, Ethan and Noah. Forever in our hearts, Vale dear Frank.

Da Luz, Arnaldo Alexandre, (1937-2016) passed away suddenly May 31, 2016 in Hong Kong. He is survived by his loving and devoted wife Linda (Cesar) da Luz, cherished daughters Maria Lurdes and Maria Fatima, sisters Olivia Kojima (Toronto, Canada) and Virginia Clarke (Essex, England). He was pre-deceased by his brother Jose Frederico (Jojo) da Luz.

Pomeroy, Terrence W (June 5, 1929 – August 4, 2016) Passed away at Kaiser Hospital in San Diego on August 4. He is survived by his wife of 59 years, Leda (Taft) Pomeroy; children: Lucille Svhloemer (Michael), Cathy Brekke (Jeff), Terence Jr., Richard and Christine Purser; 6 grandchildren: Allison, Megan & Michael Brekke, Sam Schloemer, Jackson & Olivia Purser; Sister Mildred Skeggs; Brother Gordon (Juanita) Pomeroy. Your thoughts and prayers are very much appreciated. Please make donations to St. Jude” Children Hospital.

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Obituary

Xavier, Marie, widow of Meme Xavier, peacefully passed away at home at the age of 91, on August 14, 2016. Her memory will always be cherished by her son, Paul Xavier; her sisters, Teresa Rodriguez and Betty Rozario; her brother, Luiz Marcal; and her many caring nieces and nephews. In 1959 she emigrated from Hong Kong, and started to work at Fireman's Fund Insurance Company until she retired in the early 80s. She loved her family and spent her retirement doing what she loved which was cooking and feeding them. May the Eternal Light shine upon her.

Villa-Carlos, Theresa Inacia, known as “Terry” to family and friends, passed away peacefully in Vallejo, Ca. on September 3, 2016. She was 87 years old. Terry was admired and loved by her entire family, she will be dearly missed. She is survived by her brother Alex and sister Lucy Guterres.

UMA, Inc Officers & Directors

Title Name Home Address Phone (Fax) Email President Sandy Souza 5565 Terra Granada # 3A 925-639-7708 [email protected] Walnut Creek Ca 94595 Vice- Flavia Greubel 1232 Skycrest Drive, #2 925-930-8672 Skycrest20`[email protected] President Walnut Creek, Ca 94595 Treasurer Joanne Segovia 1417 Oakmont Dr, #1 925-891-4474 [email protected] Walnut Creek, Ca 94595 Secretary Pauline de Assis 1124 Singing Wood Ct, #5 925-943-2003 [email protected] Walnut Creek, Ca 94595 Director Maria Gomes 2021 Ptarmigan Dr. #1, 925-482-0711 [email protected] Walnut Creek, Ca 94595 Director Marie Guterres 825 Prairie Creek D.r 650-359=3858 [email protected] Pacifica, Ca 94044 Director Luiz Ozorio 1152 Ptarmigan, #1 650-245-3374 [email protected] Walnut Creek, Ca 94595 Director Vilma 2616 Saklan indian Dr #2 925-937-7079 [email protected] Remedios Walnut Creek, Ca 94595 Director Ramon Xavier 2061 Pine Knoll Drive #1 925-934-2618 [email protected] Walnut Creek, Ca 94595

2016 UMA Events Calendar

Game Day Saturday, October 8 Annual General Meeting Saturday, November 12 Christmas Lunch/Members Appreciation Sunday, December 11

JOINT CASA EVENTS

Our Lady of Fatima Sunday, October 16

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The Rise & Fall of an Empire-Part 2 Published in the South Morning Post by Raquel Carvalho

Review of the article by Dan Gomes, Editor of UMA News Bulletin

This is a continuation of my review of the multimedia package from the South China Morning Post by a young Portuguese Journalist Raquel Carvalho. Below is her research into the industry.

The history of Macau's dates back to the 16th century, and full of intrigue, violence and flamboyant characters. Five hundred years ago, there were no fancy casinos, marble floors, crystal chandeliers in gambling rooms, or variety shows performed on opulent stages. In early Macau, games of chance started out on wooden tables laid out across narrow streets and cul-de-sacs. Back in those day, the core gambling population were harbor coolies, construction workers from the mainland and domestic helpers.

After Hong Kong became a British colony in 1842, Macau’s role as an important trading port declined and the Portuguese government had to diversify its economy - legalizing gaming for the first time. By the 1850s, Macau operated more than 200 stalls of “Fantan”, a Chinese game resembling roulette.

During the Second World war (1939-1945), a huge number of people from mainland China and Hong Kong fled to the Portuguese colony. Its population soared, according to official records, to an unprecedented high of some 375,000.

In 1961, the governor of Macau, Jaime Silvério Marques, designated Macau a “permanent gaming region”. He officially positioned it as a low-taxation region and regarded gaming and tourism as its major economic activities.

- Tai Heng’s license expired on December 31, 1961. Before that, the government decided to put the gaming concession up for public bidding. Two companies joined the tender: Tai Heng, which used to be the only player in the market; and a newly formed company called Sociedade de Turismo e Diversões de Macau (STDM), set up by , who would become Macau’s gaming magnate, along with (known as the “god of gambling”).

- STDM won the bid, landing the monopoly concession to operate games of chance as well as selling lottery tickets. STDM’s first casino, the , opened in 1962, and their flagship Casino and Hotel Lisboa, started operating in 1970. STDM controlled the gaming industry for more than 40 years.

In 1980, Yip Hon formed the Macau Trotting Club in an attempt to introduce harness racing (horses pulling a two-wheeled cart) in Macau, but it was not a popular sporting event so all harness racing were halted in 1988, due to insufficient support from the public. The business was sold to a Taiwanese company who then refurbished the racecourse, however they were never profitable and the business was acquired by STDM who also took over the Macau Jockey Club in 1990. The 90s were marked by a wave of violence, in which 14k-leader Wan Kuok-koi, better known as “Broken Tooth” played a prominent role.

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The Rise & Fall of an Empire-Part 2

Broken Tooth clawed his way up the triad hierarchy and became the top leader of the city's 14K with about 25,000 members. Under his leadership, his gang was challenged by the smaller Shui Fong triad, also known as Wo On Lok (literally meaning “water room gang”).

The triad battles were sparked by a competition for lucrative VIP rooms in , operated by Stanley Ho’s STDM. The conflicts arose because STDM had VIP rooms run by people who didn’t belong to the operator. Since the market was short of rooms at the time, conflicts between different groups (who wanted to control the rooms) emerged.

The power struggle and confrontation between “Broken Tooth” and “The Water Room Gang” triggered unprecedented levels of violence in Macau. Motorbikes running amok, daylight assassinations, physical confrontations, and arson attacks became commonplace in Macau’s previously quiet, labyrinthine streets.

On November 26, 1996, Antonio Apolinario, the second-ranking official in the Gambling Inspectorate, somehow survived after a motorcycle gunman pumped two bullets into his neck and head as Apolinario stepped out of his car in central Macau in broad daylight.

In May 1997, two men on a motorcycle riding alongside a car at high speed, shot dead three alleged 14K triad society members in a busy street.

A few months later, a gambling inspector was shot twice in the face outside the Macau Palace floating casino. He survived, although he was left with major facial scars.

In the same year, three business premises linked to gambling inspectors were firebombed.

In March 1998, another gambling official was shot dead at lunchtime near the Lisboa Hotel.

The spiral of violence culminated in May, when police chief Antonio Baptista, nicknamed “Rambo”, was the target of an attempted car-bomb assassination. His car, parked on Guia Hill, exploded while he was walking his dog nearby.

Baptista, who was unscathed after the explosion, arrested Broken Tooth at the Lisboa Hotel, while he was watching Casino, a film the gangster himself funded, which depicted his own illegal activities.

According to reports at the time, more than 40 people died in gang-related attacks in Macau at the end of the 90s.

In 1999, Broken Tooth was convicted and sentenced to 15 years in prison on triad gang membership, money laundering and loan sharking, among other crimes. A special prison annex was built to hold him and his associates given his notoriety and apparent influence.

After the handover, a peace of sorts returned to Macau, although recent times have seen an upsurge in crime.

When STDM’s concession expired on December 31, 2001 the Macau government granted three gaming concessions to winning bidders, liberalizing the industry. The big winners were Sociedade de Jogos de Macau (SJM), a subsidiary of STDM; Galaxy Casino, owned by Hong Kong magnate Lui Che-woo; and Wynn Resorts, headed by American Steve Wynn.

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The Rise & Fall of an Empire-Part 2

In December 2002, the Macau government allowed a sub-concession relationship between Galaxy and Venetian, belonging to American businessman Sheldon Adelson. In 2004, Sands, the first casino by Venetian, opened in May. It was the first-ever gaming investment project developed by an American company in Asia. Other sub-concessions followed. On April 20, SJM signed a sub-concession with MGM, co-chaired by Pansy Ho Chiu-king, Hong Kong’s richest woman and Stanley Ho’s daughter.

In 2006, Wynn signed a sub-concession with Melco Crown Entertainment Limited, whose co-chairman and chief executive is Lawrence Ho Yau-lung, a son of Stanley Ho.

June 2014 marked the start of the gaming slump that has already changed the face of the city and promises more change to come.

- In September, hundreds of staff working in Macau magnate Stanley Ho Hung-sun's casinos took to the streets, demanding better salaries and more benefits. - In December, President Xi Jinping who was in Macau to lead celebrations for the 15th anniversary of the handover, called on Macau in no uncertain terms to diversify its economy and clean up its casino sector, which has become a major target of Beijing's unprecedented anti-corruption drive. As of the end of the year, there were a total of 35 casinos in Macau, 23 of them on the Macau peninsula and 12 on the Cotai strip, a stretch of reclaimed land between Taipa and Coloane especially developed for gaming and entertainment. Among the total, SJM had 20; Galaxy had six; the Venetian had four; Melco Crown had three; while Wynn and MGM had one casino each.

Raquel Carvalho devotes a whole section on Stanley Ho, who built the Macau Gaming Industry. Stanley once said, “If you want to be accepted, share a slice of your wealth”. This thought might have been Stanley’s trump card during his ascendancy in Macau’s gambling industry.

Stanley Ho came from a reputable and wealthy family - he carved his own path to creating a huge industry in Macau. He had a monopoly of the gaming industry for 40 years, and even after he lost full control, Ho managed to keep his firm – Sociedade de Jogos de Macau (SJM) a force to be reckoned with. SJM is currently the largest casino operator in Asia by number of casinos. Ho’s four-decade monopoly was possible due to external and internal economic factors. SJM executive director Rui Cunha notes: Among those factors are “his personality; dialogue capability; understanding of the objectives and needs of the successive administrations and the ; long-term vision; as well as fidelity to the commitments assumed”, Cunha says.

As Ho got wealthier, and became known as the gambling kingpin of Macau, he also played an important role as philanthropist. “He seized the opportunities and shared well-being and experience”, Cunha says. Ho financially supported some of Macau’s main infrastructure projects, namely the airport, the first public housing developments and the Macau Cultural Centre. In March 1964, STDM launched the first hydrofoil connections between Hong Kong and Macau.

There are endless and juicy stories about Ho, his business and his colorful personal life: he is thrice divorced and fathered 17 children. Ho’s prolific dancing skills, for instance, are legendary and apparently led him to waltz his way into marrying his fourth and current wife, Angela Leong On-kei.

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The Rise & Fall of an Empire-Part 2

Some American reports suggested that Ho had links to triads. But no connections were ever proved. According to information provided by Forbes, as of 2011, Ho had an estimated net worth of US$3.1 billion.

In 2015, Alan Ho, Stanley Ho’s nephew, was arrested at Hotel Lisboa for allegedly running a prostitution racket. Alan was an executive director of the hotel. The prostitution syndicate, which was allegedly controlling 100 rooms in the hotel since 2013, made a profit of 400 million patacas (HK$379.5 million) a year, according to Macau police.

At the age of 94, Stanley Ho is no longer at the helm of his empire. Since a fall sent him to hospital in late 2009, he has made very few public appearances. Ho’s fortune was at the center of a heated dispute among his family members. He ended up transferring most of his shares to relatives back in 2011 to halt the conflict. According to media reports, the family agreement stated that his fourth wife Leong, managing director of SJM and a lawmaker in Macau, would run the gaming business until 2017.

Two of Ho’s children, Pansy Ho Chiu-king and Lawrence Ho Yau-lung, followed him into the gaming industry.

Pansy, who is Hong Kong’s richest woman according to Forbes, is co-chairwoman of casino operator MGM China and managing director of property, transport and investments company Shun Tak, which runs the ferries between Macau and Hong Kong. She is also the chairman of the budget airline Jetstar Hong Kong.

Lawrence is co-chairman and chief executive of casino operator Melco Crown, with properties like City of Dreams and Macau Studio City.

Growing pains

Currently, the people of Macau face many issues, including the high cost of rent, increasing traffic, crowded shopping areas and growing levels of pollution, all brought on by the city’s dizzying, casino- led economic growth.

Casino liberalization in 2003 was the unavoidable option for a city lacking the tax revenues to support it. Stanley Ho Hung-sun's monopolistic grip on the casino industry, which he had held for several decades, was over and the competition it brought sparked phenomenal growth.

From 2002 to 2015, the annual GDP growth rate in Macau averaged 12.01 per cent. But the robust financial health of Macau hasn’t come without a price.

Although residents praise the city’s economic development, which created jobs and increased salaries, 16 years after the handover there are many who whine about a deep loss in quality of life.

Public transport and traffic, the cost of living as well as the quality of the living environment top the list of complaints, fueling dissatisfaction, particularly among the younger generation.

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The Rise & Fall of an Empire-Part 2

Housing is the main concern of most Macau residents. Property prices increased more than 400 percent in the past decade. Both local residents and the newly arrived are increasingly choosing Zhuhai across the border to live - attracted by affordable and spacious houses and a better quality of life. More than 350,000 people cross the border between Macau and Zhuhai every day.

An over-reliance on the gambling industry, which generates more than 80 per cent of Macau’s government revenues, has created a real estate bubble, labor strains and skyrocketing prices, says economist Albano Martins.

At the same time, the city’s infrastructure – namely roads and public transportation – is strained to a breaking point. The Light Rail Rapid transit now under construction won’t be fully operational until 2022.

The government did not anticipate the problems, and impact that the gambling industry would have – the government has to find solutions within Macau and not send locals to find a house in the neighboring regions across the border. Chief Executive Fernando Chui Sai-on said housing, transport and environmental protection were top priorities for the year.

In his policy address for 2015, he said that a new public housing concept and scheme would be considered, because many residents are not able either to acquire a house within the private market or to meet the requirements to qualify for a public house. He also pledged to accelerate the grants process for public housing units, to recover unused land and to redevelop old neighborhoods.

According to the government, some 28,000 public housing units and 4,000 private housing units will be provided in the newly reclaimed areas.

The reclaimed Zone A, which will link Macau to the artificial island of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge currently under construction, should be ready next year. But the first batch of flats will not be available until 2022.

The world's biggest gaming hub is also now dealing with a dramatic slump. In October 2015, a 28.4 per cent slump in gross gaming revenue marked the 17th successive monthly decline, which represented the industry’s longest slump on record.

As President Xi Jinping’s anti-corruption campaign continues to drive wealthy mainland Chinese gambler away, the VIP junkets which accounts for 80% of gaming revenues in Macau have fallen off significantly to about 50% of gaming revenues currently.

In this year’s policy address, Macau’s chief executive addressed Beijing’s concerns over the overwhelming dominance of gambling. Chui promised to tighten gambling industry regulations and to urge the concessionaires to diversify their offerings. He said operators might have to regularly report their diversification progress to the government, and new applications for gambling tables would be strictly assessed.

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Luís Gonzaga Gomes by Daniel Gomes

Luis Gonzaga Gomes was dedicated to dispelling misconceptions between the Portuguese and Chinese in his corner of the world.

This being the 40th Anniversary of his death, I think it is fitting for UMA to celebrate the life of Luis Gonzaga Gomes, the most celebrated Macanese intellectual of the last Century - Actually Monsignor Manuel Teixeira said that " Luís Gonzaga Gomes was the best and most prolific Macanese historian in the last four hundred years " Luís Gonzaga Gomes (Inho) (1907 - 1976) was born in Macau to my grandfather’s youngest brother Joaquim Francisco Xavier Gomes (Coque) who was the Professor and Director of Escola Central for boys in Macau. He had a sister, Donna Maria Margrida de Alocqoque who studied piano at Trinity College in London and who authored ‘A Cozinha Macaense’ in Macao, Imprensa Nacional, 1984. She was also an accomplish singer and actress and stared in many musicals. My cousin Carmen Lopes remembers visiting her often in Macao – she tried to give Carmen lessons but classical music wasn’t her cup of tea. Both Luis and Donna Maria never married.

Luis was well educated and socially active with exquisite musical and artistic tastes. He studied at the Macau Liceu, having been a student of Camilo Pessanha, José da Costa Nunes, Manuel da Silva Mendes, Mateus António Lima, among other intellectuals and later in (1925-1933), he studied Portuguese-Chinese translation in the Sinica Language School.

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Luis Gonzaga Gomes

He had a deep knowledge of the Chinese language and culture and was the main translator-interpreter of the SINICO Bureau, professor and director of the Primary School Pedro Nolasco da Silva, curator of the Luis de Camoes Museum (now the Macao Museum of Art) and director of the Public Library in Macau. He was a writer, sinologist, translator, philologist, historian, musicologist, teacher and developer of various intellectual and cultural circles in Macau. Through his cultural activities and work within the Press, he worked diligently to foster understanding of the Chinese world in which Macau was part of.

His works left us a vast bibliography, according to Edge (2001) in the field of linguistics, Chinese works of translation to Portuguese and vice versa, studies about Chinese culture, studies on the history and , and also History of Portugal, written in Chinese. Luis Gomes said that the Chinese language is rich in metaphors which makes it very difficult to fully grasp the meaning of certain phrases employed by the Chinese in their daily conversation without fully comprehending the nuances of those metaphors. To help translators overcome this difficulty, he published a remarkable series of works: Cantonese-Portuguese Vocabulary in 1941, Portuguese- Cantonese Vocabulary in 1942, The Study “Thousand Character” (1944), Portuguese-English- Cantonese Vocabulary (1954) and Numeracy of Chinese Language (1958).

In addition to a considerable number of translations of Chinese reference works to Portuguese and two Portuguese works into the Chinese language, he published numerous studies dealing with Chinese culture and history and Macao society. In 1955, he published “The History of Portugal” in Chinese.

He also directed and published the Bulletin Luís de Camões Institute (9 volumes) , the Macau Files (12 volumes), was general secretary and editor of the daily newspaper Macao News, chief editor and administrator of the magazine Renaissance, cultural magazine contributor Mosaic and the corresponding news Information Agency.

The mastery of the spoken language is reflected positively in his writings and translations, and this is particularly visible in the language used by Gonzaga Gomes, in the description of events and Chinese tales in “legends and facts of Macau” in Portuguese.

His contribution to the study of legends, customs, traditions and thought process of the Chinese society in Macao gives researchers a better understanding of the life of Macao society where the East and West crossed and live together for the past 400 years. The Richmond by Jorge Remedios

(A reprint from the UMA News Bulletin 's November-December 2000 issue)

Automobiles had elaborate tail fins and plenty of chrome; the Beatles had not yet appeared on the Ed Sullivan show; the black-and-white television screens had rounded corners; something called naugahyde was becoming popular to cover sofas and armchairs with; lava lamps were making their first debut in living rooms; courteous drivers on the Muni (San Francisco’s public transport system) would wait when they saw you running for their bus; there were just two Chinese restaurants on Clement Street; you could leave your front door unlocked while your kids played on the sidewalk outside; and the air in the City was, as some today would claim, a whole lot cleaner.

Just around that time in San Francisco, UMA was formed. UMA News Bulletin Fall Issue 2016 Page 24 of 32

The Richmond

The purpose for which the first pioneering filhos de Macau founded our organization was the noble one of assisting their conterrâneos and kinfolk to find a foothold in this great country. That was some forty-five years ago – one- tenth of the four-and-a-half centuries that Macau has been in existence as we know it.

Most of the filhos de Macau then in San Francisco lived in The Richmond. San Francisco labels many of its districts with the (usually capitalized) definite article. True San Franciscans still call their city “The City” as though there is no other in the world. The Richmond is referred to as a “neighborhood”. So are “The Mission”, “The Sunset”, “The Marina" and “The Fillmore”. Other neighborhoods, especially some of the swankier ones, do not adopt the definite article: they are simply called “Nob Hill”, “St. Francis Wood”, or “Sea Cliff” (which is geographically within The Richmond, but quite possibly as distinct from it as Monaco is from France). The more affluent neighborhoods seem to disdain the word “neighborhood” along with the “The”. One would have thought the reverse would be true.

The Richmond is also known as “The Avenues”. This is probably because it has so many of them. The neighborhood is built on a rectangular grid containing forty-eight avenues running in one direction, with a smaller number of longer streets at right angles to them. The avenues of The Richmond stretch from Arguello Boulevard in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. The streets crossing these avenues are named Lake, California, Clement, Geary, Anza, Balboa, Cabrillo, and Fulton. The fifth and sixth of these are named for Spanish conquistadores, the seventh for a Portuguese mariner, whose name actually was João Rodrigues Cabrilho. But because he sailed for the Spanish king when he discovered parts of California, his name is recorded here in its Spanish version. There is a Portuguese club in California named after Cabrillo, and it counts many filhos de Macau among its members.

Sometimes the neighborhood known as The Sunset is called “The Avenues” as well, and this may cause confusion in some people’s minds between The Richmond and The Sunset. But The Sunset, though it also has most of the same Avenues as The Richmond, lies south of the Golden Gate Park and is separated quite effectively from The Richmond by that broad and healthy swath of green.

This essay is principally about The Richmond, so we will say no more of The Sunset except this: that in the 60s and 70s many Chinese immigrants from Hong Kong settled in The Richmond, buying homes and apartment blocks, opening groceries, meat markets and restaurants, and both in reality and realty turning a big part of it into a second Chinatown. They liked The Richmond, it has been reported, because the name contains the word “rich” in it. (Interestingly enough, Vancouver has a Richmond as well, and it is just as popular with Chinese immigrants there.) Though many Chinese also lived and did business in The Sunset, the name had less appeal, not only because it is not lucky-sounding like ‘rich’, but also because the ‘setting’ bit was not deemed efficacious for business success. Still, the Chinese community has thrived in both neighborhoods, so this story about the name may be apocryphal.

The Richmond had – and still has – two major Catholic Churches to which most of the filho de Macau community belonged. There are several other churches, as the neighborhood is large and the Catholic population quite spread out, but the two churches on Geary Boulevard, Star of the Sea and St. Monica’s, became a pair of ecclesiastical lodestones for most of our community, especially because both had parochial schools attached. (The Hong Kong Portuguese sometimes compare the two churches to their own St. Teresa’s and Rosary Churches, which they were largely responsible for creating and which were – and indeed still are, so far as we can tell – adjacent to the Maryknoll and St. Mary’s girls’ schools there.) At Sunday collections at Star of the Sea and St. Monica’s, parish envelopes were religiously transferred from devout filho de Macau wallets and handbags, especially if their owners’ kids attended those parochial schools.

In time the filho de Macau community grew and prospered. Many of its members, joining the throng of ‘hyphenated’ Americans by achieving citizenship and becoming Macanese-Americans, and following the American dream, began buying their first homes in the suburbs. One notable group went to San Leandro on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, where there was a large Portuguese-American – mainly Azorean – community. Another significant group moved to the Peninsula south of San Francisco, from Daly City to as far south as San Jose, with a high concentration in the mid-Peninsula towns of San Mateo, San Carlos, and Belmont. Yet another group ventured north to bucolic Marin County and even beyond. But a dedicated number of filhos de Macau always remained loyal to The Richmond. They are well established there, within walking distance of the Asian markets UMA News Bulletin Fall Issue 2016 Page 25 of 32

The Richmond for the ingredients on which so much of our Macanese cooking depends, and close enough to their parish churches for spiritual comfort in time of need.

The Richmond has always supported an ethnically diverse population, from the immigrant Russians, Eastern European Jews, and Irish of the '20s to the '40s, to Chinese, Macanese, and Vietnamese of the '50s to the '70s. A short distance from the commercial centers of Clement and Geary, the homes on the Avenues have a genteel air and reflect their owners’ pride in their well-kept front yards. They may not represent the suburban America of the ranch-style houses, the expansive lawns, and the malls with spacious parking lots, but they portray an America of diverse ethnic groups living in harmony in close quarters. An America, one might be tempted to say, not of the hot dog and baseball, but of the barbecued pork bun and mahjong.

For urban living, The City is hard to beat. True, life here has changed over the past forty-odd years, though not always for the better (a shortage of parking space being an ever increasing problem in most of San Francisco), and The Richmond along with the rest of the neighborhoods has had its share of ups and downs. But living in The Avenues in The Richmond offers distinct advantages, not the least of which is that Asian and other ethnic restaurants are here in abundance and conveniently situated. Not to be easily dismissed either are the excellent Clement, Geary, and California bus lines and the neighborhood’s proximity to all the cultural amenities that a world-famous City has to offer. Among these are several of the finest museums in the country just a short walk or bus ride away.

Letter to the Editor

In reading the Jan-Mar 2016 online edition of the "UMA News Bulletin" I noticed your editorial comment about sharing your memoirs. I also read the "Books Available" page, all of which made me conclude that you may be interested in the following for mention in the News Bulletin.

I wrote my memoir "A Foreign Kid in World War II " for my children ----.. Since many members of UMA were my schoolmates at Saint Francis Xavier College, the thought occurred to me that perhaps their children, or grandchildren, might benefit from reading a well-researched account of the War years in Shanghai..

Amazon, which carries the paperback at $9.99 and the Kindle e-book at $3.99, provides this partial description of the memoir:

"When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor they almost simultaneously fired at British and American naval ships on the Whangpoo River and took over the city of Shanghai. This marked the arrival of World War II in the Far East, when George Kulstad was only six years old. Food and fuel were short, and Kulstad describes in some detail his experience with school mates asking for food at his door and the plight of the destitute he saw on the streets...."

Sincerely, George Kulstad

(Editor’s Note: George Kulstad’s father was Norwegian and his mother was Eurasian- American/Japanese. I downloaded the Kindle Version and read it on my computer. George Kulstad has given me permission to reprint his memoirs - so you may see some of it in future issues of the bulletin.)

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Dia de San Joao Celebration June 25, 2016 Macau Cultural Center, Fremont By Pauline de Assis

UMA is proud to honor and celebrate a day for Macau’s savior-of-the-day San Joao! Indeed, it was on or around the feast day of San Joao that Macau was able to defeat a powerful Dutch flotilla attacking Macau in a three day engagement ending on 24 June 1622, the feast day of St. John the Baptist. In Macau, over four centuries plus, observation of this day was held at the famous and imposing Church of the Mother of God. O Dia de Sao Joao was also known as O Dia de Cidade.

So, for all the centuries since, Macau prospered in their trading travels and became securely anchored as a governing force. With the Portuguese squarely in their midst, Macau became a stabling enclave where the Portuguese and the Chinese thrived in their co-habitation. Because we owe our great victory to San Joao, Macau’s patron saint, we religiously pay him tribute and respect on or around his feast day.

The three casas celebrated Dia de San Joao this year on Saturday, June 25th with, first of all, a Mass in his honor, followed by a hearty lunch. The celebrant for our Mass was Rev. Mathew Vellankal, Pastor of Holy Spirit Church, Fremont. By 11:00 am the Macau Cultural Center (MCC) was filled with the three casa members. Fr. did an outstanding job, with the readers being Ozzie Ozorio, Maria Roliz and Flavia Greubel. Our choir singers, led by Al Madeira, Vilma Remedios, Cecilia Ozorio and Monica Oliveira raised their voices and filled the rafters.

The kitchen was a busy place in preparation for lunch. The members and guests/friends settled down, ready for their oh-so-delicious meal. During the visit to San Francisco earlier in June by APIM President, Miguel de Senna Fernandes, Maria Roliz had put together a video record of his visit. He was royally entertained by the three clubs, with cha-gordos, tours, talks. He was also here for a conference in Berkeley, where he spoke about Macau, the language, the people, and its future as he sees it. The video was a conversational depiction of Macau entitled “In conversation with Miguel de Senna Fernandes” about the identity/who is Macanese”. It was a thoroughly enjoyable re-visit of the Macau of old and its foreseeable future.

As the audience was beginning to feel their hunger pangs, the ladies quickly brought out the lunch, which consisted of Tacho with home made balichao and chili sauce, prepared by Dorothy Oliveira, and the old favorite, Minchi, of course, prepared by Flavia Greubel with fried potatoes by Cecilia Rozario.

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Dia de San Joao

Everyone had their fill since yummy food, coffee/tea and wine brought it all together. With lunch over, the members had a chance to mingle and chat while Maria snapped photos. Lunch wouldn’t be complete without some Macanese pastries, right?! So, there was orange cake by Casa de Macau’s Albertino da Roza, fresh fruit salad and Gummy by Vilma Remedios, all temptingly laid out. There was enough food and desserts for doggie bags and some took a bag or two home for another meal later, ahuh!

Well, it was a lovely celebration when the three clubs’ members get together for an event such as this; nothing like a little togetherness every now and then, eh? The day was hot, the hall was cool and the activities just perfect. We have to thank many people who put this together and ran it like a tight ship, the cooks, the helpers, Fr. Mathew Vallankal , the singers, and the cleanup crew. What a delightful day it was - thank you dear San Joao!!

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Da de Sao Joao

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UMA Annual Thanksgiving Mass by Pauline de Assis

It was that time of year again when we turn our hearts and minds to giving thanks to the Lord for all the graces and blessings he has bestowed on us, but especially on UMA and the Macanese community at large. It was a decade or more ago when some members of UMA, specifically Mano Pereira and Vincent Guterres who thought it prudent to dedicate a day for special praise and thanksgiving to God for his divine providence to protect, guide and bless our unique Macanese people since the very early days in Macau to the worldwide stage.

Thus, on a relatively cool July morning as the fog rolled in, so did a large number of UMA members congregate at the little Good Shepherd Church in Pacifica to attend Mass, not a regular Sunday Mass, but a special Thanksgiving Mass, to raise our voices in song and offer heartfelt thanks for our many good fortunes, freedom and protection.

Once again, we were privileged and honored to have Fr. Lahey as the celebrant of this special Mass with his able assistant, who also read the prayers of the faithful. UMA president, Sandy Souza, gave a warm welcome to the 80 or so prayer followers. Raquel Remedios took the podium for the first reading, followed by Pauline de Assis who gave the second reading. Fr. Lahey’s homily was short but inspiring. Presentation of the gifts was brought up by Sandy Souza and Flavia Greubel.

The angelic choir singers, led by Al Madeira, Cecilia Rozario, and Vilma Remedios, together with the musical talents of the guitarist and pianist reverberated through the rafters like a heavenly song. They sang the many hymns all through the Mass, joined by the voices of the congregation. It was uplifting and heartfelt and gave meaning to why we religiously dedicate a date in summer each year to show our gratitude and appreciation for all the graces that UMA members have received. Fr. Lahey, once again was kind enough to tell the members their Sunday obligation to attend Mass was fulfilled, but that Our Lord would be more than pleased should they feel inclined to attend Mass on Sunday as well.

Having completed our prayers and thanksgiving, the congregation dispersed heading to the hall a few steps away for some nourishment - lunch, of course. Tea, coffee and cold drinks were to be had as the many friends, relatives, members found their seats, ready to take to the queue when the food was displayed. Lunch, consisting of beef brisket with turnips (ngau ngam), sweet and sour breaded fish and vegetables were piping hot and soon platters were full with the scrumptious food as the members carried them to their tables. Lots of chatter and laughter filled the hall as everyone mingled, and ate. What’s a meal without dessert, eh?! In no time at all, dessert plates of chocolate cake was put out for all the sweets lovers.

It was a prayerful, lovely day with thankful praise, good food, revisit with friends and relatives! Indeed, we also owe thanks to Marie Guterres for chairing this event, with Social Committee Chair, Flavia Greubel and other helping hands who really made this day, UMA’s Thanksgiving Mass and lunch, a big success!

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Thanksgiving Mass

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ALUA FOR CHRISTMAS !!!

The Leitao Brothers will be taking orders again this year for Alua. To place your order, kindly complete the form below. Please enclose payment with your order. Cost: $10.00 per cake X ____ = $______Please make check payable to Donald Leitao and mail to: Donald Leitao 1087 East 33rd Street, Oakland, Ca 94610; Tel: (510)599-3327;[email protected]

Deadline for placing your order is Monday, November 5, 2016. Orders received after the deadline cannot be guaranteed delivery for the holidays.

Orders will be available on Sunday, December 11th, 2016. Please contact Donald Leitao to arrange for pick up or you can pick up your order at our Christmas Luncheon at Macau Cultural Center on Sunday, December 11, 2016.

For Postage Charge Please call or Email Donald for cost.

UMA News Bulletin PRESORT 2160 Karren Street STD MAIL Concord CA 94520 US POSTAGE PAID NEWARK, CA PERMIT NO.51

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