007M CP – PL 54 Amélioration De La Situation Juridique De L'animal

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007M CP – PL 54 Amélioration De La Situation Juridique De L'animal CAPERN - 007M C.P. – P.L. 54 Amélioration de la situation juridique de l’animal VERSION RÉVISÉE Mémoire sur le Projet de loi 54 TABLE DES MATIÈRES SOMMAIRE EXÉCUTIF __________________________________________________________ 3 L’ASSOCIATION QUÉBÉCOISE DES SPA ET SPCA (AQSS) ______________________________ 10 INTRODUCTION _____________________________________________________________ 11 MODIFICATIONS AU CODE CIVIL DU QUÉBEC ______________________________________ 13 LOI SUR LE BIEN-ÊTRE ET LA SÉCURITÉ DE L’ANIMAL ________________________________ 16 1. Préambule et définitions 1.1 Ajout de certaines notions clés aux cinq constats qui forment le préambule de la Loi ______________ 16 1.2 Définition de la notion d’« impératifs biologiques » _________________________________________ 17 2. Objet et portée 2.1 Désignation explicite des SPA et SPCA comme des entités qui contribuent à l’application de la Loi ___ 18 2.2 Pouvoir d’application de la Loi par les SPA et SPCA à toutes les espèces couvertes ________________ 18 3. Gamme des protections 3.1 Espèces protégées ____________________________________________________________________ 19 3.2 Mauvais traitements infligés par des tiers _________________________________________________ 23 3.3 Bien-être psychologique _______________________________________________________________ 23 3.4 Combats d’animaux ___________________________________________________________________ 25 3.5 Transport et abattage _________________________________________________________________ 26 3.6 Degré de précision dans la qualification des gestes prohibés __________________________________ 28 4. Exemptions 4.1 Faille dans la législation créée par l’article 3 et 63(2) ________________________________________ 30 4.2 Codification des pratiques généralement reconnues_________________________________________ 30 4.3 Exemption complète pour l’utilisation d’animaux lors d’expositions ou de foires agricoles __________ 33 Septembre 2015 1 Mémoire sur le Projet de loi 54 5. Inspection et saisie 5.1 Animaux abandonnés _________________________________________________________________ 33 5.2 Obligation pour tout agent de la paix de prêter assistance aux inspecteurs dans l’application de la Loi 34 5.3 Vérification de l’état d’un animal dans une maison d’habitation _______________________________ 35 5.4 Saisie d’un animal dans une maison d’habitation, sans mandat, dans des circonstances urgentes ____ 36 5.5 Recouvrement des coûts _______________________________________________________________ 37 5.6 Jugement discrétionnaire de l’inspecteur __________________________________________________ 40 5.7 Animal à la charge d’un mineur : désignation du parent comme propriétaire _____________________ 40 5.8 Pouvoir de confisquer un animal lorsque son propriétaire est considéré comme inapte ____________ 41 5.9 Nouvelles dispositions applicables aux animaux prisonniers de véhicules surchauffés ______________ 42 6. Signalements et immunité 6.1 Article 14 ___________________________________________________________________________ 43 6.2 Article 15 ___________________________________________________________________________ 43 6.3 Animal prisonnier de véhicules surchauffés : immunité en matière de responsabilité civile en cas de bris de vitre _____________________________________________________________________________ 43 7. Pouvoirs règlementaires 7.1 Commentaire concernant l’article 63.1 ___________________________________________________ 45 7.2 Dispositions règlementaires souhaitées ___________________________________________________ 45 8. Permis 8.1 Obligation d’obtenir un permis pour quiconque fait l’élevage du renard roux ou du vison d’Amérique 49 8.2 Obligation d’obtenir un permis pour quiconque exploite une animalerie ________________________ 49 8.3 inspections préalables à la délivrance des permis de garde de chiens et de chats __________________ 50 8.4 Contrôle des lieux d’élevage de petite et moyenne envergure _________________________________ 51 8.5 Circonstances menant à l’impossibilité d’obtenir un permis ___________________________________ 51 8.6 Obligation de divulguer le numéro de permis pour toute transaction commerciale ________________ 53 9. Dispositions pénales 9.1 Responsabilité des personnes morales ____________________________________________________ 53 9.2 Imposition de la peine _________________________________________________________________ 53 9.3 Petits constats _______________________________________________________________________ 57 CLAUSES INTERDISANT LES ANIMAUX DANS LES BAUX RÉSIDENTIELS __________________ 59 CONCLUSION ________________________________________________________________ 61 ANNEXES ___________________________________________________________________ 62 Septembre 2015 2 Mémoire sur le Projet de loi 54 SOMMAIRE EXÉCUTIF Introduction UN PROJET DE LOI GRANDEMENT ATTENDU Le Projet de loi 54, qui comporte plusieurs dispositions revendiquées de longue date par l’AQSS, est un moyen de combler les lacunes de la loi actuelle et d’améliorer considérablement la protection offerte aux animaux du Québec. L’AQSS l’accueille donc favorablement et salue l’importante avancée qu’il représente pour la condition des animaux dans la province. Néanmoins, dans sa forme actuelle, le Projet de loi 54 laisse encore place à de nécessaires améliorations. Dans un esprit constructif et guidée par l’exemple d’autres provinces canadiennes, l’AQSS propose donc, au nombre de ses commentaires, des suggestions et des demandes visant à combler ces failles pour ainsi conférer aux animaux du Québec l’ensemble de la protection dont ils ont besoin. Enfin, l’AQSS reconnaît et apprécie le souci d’assurer le bien-être des animaux que manifeste le ministre de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation du Québec, monsieur Pierre Paradis, et lui assure son soutien en vue de rendre fructueuses les démarches qu’il entreprend en ce sens. Modification au Code civil du Québec La redéfinition de l’animal sous le Code civil du Québec introduit un concept novateur en droit, celui de reconnaître une différence de nature entre les animaux et les objets inanimés. Bien que symbolique, ce changement est tout de même notable, car il reconnaît et rappelle à tous, notamment aux tribunaux, la nature sensible, distincte de l’objet inanimé, de l’animal. L’AQSS appuie donc cette reconnaissance explicite de l’animal comme un être sensible, malgré qu’elle n’ait pas pour effet de doter les animaux de véritables droits. Du même souffle, elle souhaite que ce changement ne soit qu’un premier pas de l’évolution du droit civil dans cette direction. Étant donné sa grande valeur symbolique, l’AQSS tient à souligner l’importance de choisir judicieusement la terminologie employée à l’occasion de cette redéfinition de l’animal. Elle croit également important de limiter la portée du deuxième alinéa de manière à ce que les dispositions législatives relatives aux biens puissent continuer à être applicables aux animaux seulement dans la mesure où elles ne vont pas à l’encontre de la qualité d’être sensible qu’on leur reconnaît au premier alinéa. Septembre 2015 3 Mémoire sur le Projet de loi 54 Les avancées du Projet de loi DES ACQUIS À PRÉSERVER ET BONIFIER L’objet du Projet de loi 54 est d’assurer la protection des animaux dans une optique visant à garantir leur bien-être et leur sécurité tout au long de leur vie. Dans cet ordre d’idées, et considérant les lacunes importantes de la législation actuelle en matière de bien-être animal au Québec, les avancées du Projet de loi 54 sont nécessaires et doivent impérativement être préservées. Parmi toutes les dispositions du Projet de loi qu’appuie l’AQSS, trois, particulièrement stratégiques, sont soulignées ici. 1. Augmentation des peines L’AQSS salue l’augmentation des peines prévue au Projet de loi 54. L’augmentation des amendes et l’ajout de peines d’emprisonnement dans certaines circonstances sont essentiels pour donner du mordant à l’ensemble des dispositions. Les amendes prévues présentement dans la Loi P-42, trop souvent dérisoires considérant les commerces lucratifs qui en font la plupart du temps l’objet, ne sont pas à même de créer l’effet dissuasif souhaité. Une discussion approfondie de la nécessité de ces peines bonifiées ainsi que certaines pistes d’amélioration à cet égard seront présentés dans le corps du mémoire. 2. Obligation de fournir de l’enrichissement environnemental aux chiens, chats et équidés L’une des avancées majeures du Projet de loi 54 est de reconnaître l’importance de satisfaire les besoins comportementaux des chiens, chats et équidés, un élément que l’AQSS revendique de longue date pour l’ensemble des animaux gardés en captivité. Le concept des cinq libertés, reconnu sans équivoque au plan international comme un principe de base fondamental en matière de bien-être animal, prévoit que les animaux doivent être libres d’exprimer un comportement normal ; ainsi, ils doivent bénéficier d’un environnement riche et naturel ainsi que de la compagnie de leurs semblables. La documentation en matière de comportement animal abonde dans le même sens et reconnaît que le bien-être des animaux, qui comprend les dimensions non seulement physique mais aussi psychologique, est intimement lié à la satisfaction de leurs besoins comportementaux. Le caractère stimulant de l’environnement des animaux ainsi que leur capacité d'exprimer des comportements normaux sont donc stratégiques. 3. Exigibilité de permis pour de nouvelles catégories de propriétaires ou de gardiens d’animaux En vertu du Projet de loi 54, quiconque fait
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