The History of National Liberation Movements
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2689-100x) 2020: 5. 525 Published: October 28, 2020 | Pages: 146-151 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume02Issue10-23 OCLC - 1121105668 The History Of National Liberation Movements (The 1916 Revolt In Namangan: History Lessons) Haydarov Zahiriddinbobir Umarovich A Candidate Of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor Of The Department Of Socio-Cultural Activities And Music Education Of Namangan State University, Uzbekistan Journal Website: http://usajournalshub.c om/index,php/tajssei Copyright: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 licence. ABSTRACT This article analyzes comprehensively the 1916 revolt occurred in the area of Namangan, Turkistan and its liberation movements. KEYWORDS Colonial, empire, military governor, King’s Order, The Holy Quran, manual labour, riots, rebellion, national freedom INTRODUCTION The Uzbek people have always fought for the forever. The period of reforms began in all realization of their great and sacred dream of spheres of life. Particular attention was paid to freedom, liberty and independence. Especially, the issue of thorough study and objective the period of Uzbek people's dependency of coverage of the history of the country. the Russian colony left a deep mark as the most tragic, humiliating, controversial and painful “Any man in the world wants to know about days of the people's past. On August 31, 1991, the history of his ancestors, lineage, and the the Uzbeks achieved their age-old dream and village, city, in short, his Homeland where he got rid of the oppression of dependence was born and raised…” [1, p.24] The USA Journals Volume 02 Issue 10 -2020 146 The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2689-100x) 2020: 5. 525 Published: October 28, 2020 | Pages: 146-151 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume02Issue10-23 OCLC - 1121105668 Therefore, it is the sacred duty of all historians Muslim population, especially in the Caucasus to study the rich history of Namangan on the and Turkestan, as workers in military factories, basis of historical resources, to bring it to the to work in the mines, to cut down trees in the attention of our people without ideological forests, to build bridges, in short, to do all the beliefs. necessary work behind the front. On June 25, 1916, Nicholas II signed a decree “On the MATERIALS AND METHODS involvement of the male population of “foreign peoples” (ethnic groups) in the The First World War (1914-1918) caused great Empire in the construction of defensive problems for the Russian Empire. War and war- structures and military fortifications on the torn states had their own military-strategic and territory of the active army, as well as any work economic interests. Particularly, the Russian necessary for state defense” [2, p.39]. Those Empire was actively involved in the process of between the ages of 19 and 43 were to be expanding its borders, entering the world involved according to the decree. The Order of market through the regions of Asia, the Nicholas II was intended to involve the Balkans and the Caucasus despite being less “foreign” population residing in Syrdarya, developed than Europe, in other words, in the Fergana, Samarkand, Okmola, Semipalatinsk, process of “redistributing the divided world”. Yettisuv, Ural, Turgay, Kaspiorti regions as well However, this war showed the existing socio- as Astrakhan province, Primore, Amur, economic, military-political problems in Russia, Kamchatka and Sakhalin regions of Siberia and and that in practice, the state of readiness for two other regions of Caucasus inhabited by the war was weak. Participation in the war led to Muslims to do the following tasks: further aggravation of the socio-political situation, destruction, and disintegration in To call up Russian workers who were Russia. Problems related to supplying the front working behind the front lines, but who with food, ammunition, clothing, horses and, were fit for military service and at the same most importantly, soldiers became evident. In time trained, as soldiers on the front if order to provide military units in the front, necessary; there was no other choice but to mobilize To meet the demand for auxiliary labor of workers, engineers and technicians from defense enterprises subordinated to the factories and plants producing military interests of war; equipment, serving in the transport and Timely conscription of adult Russian communications system in the mass army. As a workers in the field; result, while the military units were supplied to For government to have far much cheap a certain extent at the expense of the soldiers, and obedient labor force by mobilizing the the enterprises that met the needs of the local population of the colonial country for population and the front led to the derailment military work; of production in the factories. Women, To support the administrators of factory children and the disabled began to work in the and plants, which were working on military factories which affected negatively on the orders in connection with the war, with efficiency of production. The main focus on the additional workforce to actively continue agenda was on victory not on withdrawal from their work. the war. Nicholas II found that the solution to this problem was to involve the non-war The USA Journals Volume 02 Issue 10 -2020 147 The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2689-100x) 2020: 5. 525 Published: October 28, 2020 | Pages: 146-151 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume02Issue10-23 OCLC - 1121105668 Turkestan was to supply 250,000 workers to protest. Rumyantsev's call for calm and threats Russia, 50,000 of which were in the to use weapons to stop the riot did not help responsibility of Fergana region. restrain the people. Instead, the rebels angrily threw themselves at soldiers and police This decree was against the interests of the officers, trying to snatch their weapons. As a people. The financial situation of the result, Rumyantsev ordered soldiers armed oppressed poor has worsened as a result of with rifles and machine guns to shoot at the various taxes and discrimination. The people rebels. There are various reports on the hated the First World War. For these reasons, number of dead and wounded as a result of no one wanted to go to the military affairs that shooting: some estimates put the death behind the front. The hatred and anger of the toll at 16 and injured at 30, while others reports people, which had long been growing against 50-60. [4, p.57] the oppressors, led to a great revolt from the first days of the proclamation of the king's The revolt lasted for 4 hours. According to the decree. The revolt spread to all five districts of documents of the military court of the tsarist Fergana region - Andijan, Kokand, Namangan, government at that time, the main initiators of Skobelev and Osh. According to incomplete the revolt in Namangan were members of the official information of the colonial authorities, working people. There were Abdurahmon rebellion and riots took place in 107 places of Rozikboyev, Yuldoshkhodja Ismoilkhodjayev, Fergana region. [3, p.36] Brothers Mulla Usmonqori, Mahmud Zokirov, Mamasodiq Mahmudboyev, Yunusboy Anti-labor riots also spread in Namangan Yoqubboyev, Dadaboy Orifboyev, Abduaziz district, beginning on July 11 in Namangan. As So’fiyev, Jaloliddin Uvaysov, Mullaabduqodir reported by some available sources, the riot Musaboyev, Toshpo’lat Bazilboyev, began in Kurashkhona (Wrestling) Square of Sharifkhodja Otaboyev, Nuriddinhoji the city. It is noteworthy that 3 to 4 thousand Maqsudkhodjayev among the initiators who people gathered in this riot, and among the actively participated in the revolt in Namangan. rebels were women who opposed the recruitment of their sons and husbands, and RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS they were in the forefront of the crowd. The State Archives of Uzbekistan contains a list Before the riot a crowd consisting of men and of victims and the wounded of the Namangan women had gone to local chief’s house of revolt. There were heroes from Namangan Labaytog’a area demanding the list of people who gave up their lives for the freedom of the who were called up for labour work at 7 o’clock nation such as Abdujabbor Muhammad in the morning. However, the chief was Salimboyev, Yusufboy Saitboyev, Qosimboy frightened from disturbed people and escaped Rasultoyev, Hasanboy Yo’ldoshboyev, Mirali through the yard of his neighbours. Outraged Abduazizhojiyev, Muhammadbek Yusufboyev, by this, the population began to gather in the Ohinboy, Davlatboyev, Abdukarim Wrestling Square to express their protest. The Mirzaboyev, Qoraboy Yusufboyso’fiyev, riot broke out at 8 o’clock, the crowd G’animahsum Otaboyev, Akromboy Ibrohimov, consisting of men and women demanded to and Abduroziqkhoji Rasulboyev. The official list give the list and to stop making list. Soldiers led shows two other unidentified dead, one in a by Captain Rumyantsev were sent to quell the blue gown, 35 years old, with a mustache, and The USA Journals Volume 02 Issue 10 -2020 148 The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2689-100x) 2020: 5. 525 Published: October 28, 2020 | Pages: 146-151 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume02Issue10-23 OCLC - 1121105668 another in a white shirt, with a beard in the to one of the representatives of the Russian middle age of 24-25. Among those who were administration, particularly, the Turkestan injured and died a few days later were Governor-General's administration, the Basitkhan Sokibaev, Ismailjon Ibrahimbaev, cessation of making the list of local laborers Yuldoshboy Dadaboev and others. Raimboy was considered to show the inability of Tsarist Yakubbayev, Abduraim Zokirbaev and others Russian government to implement its decision were among those wounded in the Namangan resolutely and thus damage the reputation of revolt.