Vol. 39, No. 4: 126–131 Plant Protect. Sci. Plant Protect. Sci. Vol. 39, No. 4: 126–131

The Presence of Non-target Lepidopteran in Pheromone Traps for Fruit Tortricid

E�� HRUDOVÁ

Department of Plant Protection, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

Abstract

H������ E. (2003): The presence of non-target lepidopteran species in pheromone traps for fruit tortricid moths. Plant Protect Sci., 39: 126–131.

In the localities Brno-Tuřany (Brno-město) and Prakšice (Uherské Hradiště) pheromone traps were used to monitor tortricid moths Adoxophyes orana, Archips podanus, A. rosanus, nubiferana, heparana, ocellana, pomonella, Cydia funebrana and Cydia molesta. Other moths species were also present in these pheromone traps for target species: albuginana, Cydia coronilana, rosaecolana, , pronuba, Ypponomeuta malinellus, Pyrausta rectefascialis and P. aurata.

Keywords: fruit tortricid moths; pheromone traps; South Moravia; non-target species;

The practical use of pheromone traps for tortri- rence and flight period using pheromone traps cid moths can be complicated by the presence of in which the presence of other non-target species non-target moth species. Especially the presence was also detected. of non-target tortricid moths that are habitually H��� et al. (1979) tested sex pheromones for similar to the is important because it may C. funebrana – mixture of (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate distort the data used for treatment prediction. and (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate, and C. molesta – mix- Therefore it is important to know what pheromone ture of (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-8-dodecenyl can attract non-target species and what the cause acetate and (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol; they found the at- of this effect is like. tractivity of C. funebrana pheromone for Pammene The tortricid moths, summer fruit Adoxo- aurana (Fabricius, 1775) (Cydia aurana in H��� et al. phyes orana (Fischer, 1834), fruit tree tortrix Archips 1979), formosana (Scopoli, 1763), podanus (Scopoli, 1763), tortrix moth A. rosanus foenellum (Linnaeus, 1758), E. scutulanum (Den. & (Linnaeus, 1758), green budworm Schiff., 1775) and Pammene suspectana (Lng. & (Haworth, 1811), eye-spotted bud moth Spilonota Zeller, 1849). Sex pheromone of C. molesta was an ocellana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), codling attractant for stephensiana (Doubleday, moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758), plum 1849) (H��� et al. 1979). The presence of non-target fruit moth Cydia funebrana (Treitschke, 1835) and moth species in pheromone traps for C. molesta, C. Oriental fruit moth Cydia molesta (Busck, 1916) funebrana and Anarsia lineatella Zeller, 1839 – (E)- are important pests of fruit trees from the 5-decene-1-yl acetate and (E)-5-decene-1-ol – was Rosaceae. Many authors investigated their occur- reported by H��� et al. (1993). These species of the

Supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Grant No. MSM 432100001.

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family were present in traps for C. molesta pheromone traps were used to monitor these im- and C. funebrana: striana (Den. & Schiff., portant tortricid moths species: Adoxophyes orana, 1775), Pierce & Metcalfe, 1922, Archips podanus, A. rosanus, Hedya nubiferana, Spi- (Doubleday, 1849), Cydia ten- lonota ocellana, Cydia pomonella, Cydia funebrana ebrosana (Duponchel, 1834), and Cydia molesta. (Sopoli, 1763), Epiblema scutulanum (Den & Schiff., Delta type traps were used for monitoring; 1755) and (Linnaeus, 1761), all they were placed in an orchard in tree crowns at species of the family Tortricidae (H��� et al. 1993). a distance of ca. 20 m and at a height of 150 cm, These noctuids were found in traps for Anarsia in Tuřany ( and peach trees) approximately lineatella (Zeller, 1839): Dyachrisia chrysitis (Lin- in the middle of the tree crown, in Prakšice (ap- naeus, 1758), Mesapamea secalis (Linnaeus, 1758), ple and plum trees) 1–2 m from the trunk. Com- suasa (Den. & Schiff., 1775) (reported as mercial pheromone traps were supplied by ZD Mamestra suasa (Denis & Schiffermüller) in H��� Chelčice under the mark Biolatrap. Pheromone et al. 1993) and Apamea sordens (Hufnagel, 1766) dispensers contained these substances: for A. orana (H��� et al. 1993). H��� et al. (1997) recorded (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl the presence of the species acetate, A. podanus (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Duponchel, 1842), P. aurita (Razowski, 1991) and and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, A. rosanus (Z)- P. suspectana (Lug. & Zeller, 1846) in pheromone 11-tetradecenyl-acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecene-1-ol, traps for C. funebrana – mixture of (Z)-8-dodecenyl Hedya nubiferana (E,E)-8,10-dodekadiene-1-yl- acetate and (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate. The species of acetate, (Z)-8-dodecene-1-yl-acetate, Spilonota the Archipini have a common component of ocellana (Z)-8-tetradecene-1-yl-acetate, Pandemis pheromone (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (O�� 1993). heparana (Z)-11-tetradecene-1-yl-acetate, Cydia The pheromone of C. molesta and C. funebrana was pomonella (8,10)-8,10-dodekadiene-1-ol, Cydia an attractant for Pammene spiniana (Duponchel, funebrana (Z)-8-dodecene-1-yl acetate, (E)-8-do- 1843) (M���� & M�L������� in H��� et al. 1997) decene-1-yl acetate, (Z)-8-tetradecene-1-yl acetate while the pheromone of C. funebrana attracted and tetradecyl acetate and for Cydia molesta (Z)-8- the species (H��� et al. 1997). dodecene-1-yl acetate, (E)-8-dodecene-1-yl acetate The presence of Hedya pruniana (Hübner, 1799) in and (Z)-8-dodecene-1-ol (www.nysaes.cornell.edu; pheromone traps with experimental pheromone www.pherolist.slu.se) for C. molesta – mixture of (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate, The morphology of male genitalia was studied (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate and (Z)-8-dodecene-1-ol to determine the caught moth species (R������� – was reported by H��� et al. (1989), the pherom- 2001; N������ 1998; S����� 1997). The study of one for P. heparana (Den & Schiff., 1775) attracted male genitalia morphology was necessary especially Noctua fimbriata (Schreber, 1759) (Noctuidae) and for determination of C. funebrana and C. molesta. the presence of other non-target species was also The names of moths are according to L������� identified in traps for the observed species. Epi- (1998). blema scutulanum was present in pheromone traps Characteristics of the localities. Biogeographi- for C. funebrana and C. molesta (H��� et al. 1979). cally Prakšice belong to the Carpathian area, Zlín During the monitoring of C. pomonella in Japan bioregion. This area is characterised by the presence H�������� et al. (1992) detected that the pheromone of thermophilic vegetation high in the mountains of this species attracted males of the Ater- and by a descent of mountainous species into lower pia, Hedya, Eucosma, and Pammene. The locations, which results in great species diversity. experimental pheromone of Hedya nubiferana (Ha- Flysch deposits are dominant there. The climate is woth, 1811) – (E,E)-8,10-dodekadien-1-ol-acetate, continental, but with local differences caused by (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate and dodecenyl acetate, and the height above sea level, windward or leeward C. molesta attracted Cydia janthiana (Duponchel, of the slopes. , -oak, oak-beech and beech 1835) (H��� et al. 1997). vegetation zones occur in this area. The observed locality is situated in the Nature MATERIAL AND METHODS Park Prakšická vrchovina (beech vegetation zone). It is a slope of south orientation, at a height of In 2002 in the localities Brno-Tuřany (Brno-město 250 m a.s.l. In the south-west and in the north district) and Prakšice (Uherské Hradiště district) it is bounded by a beech wood (Fagetum), in the

126 127 Vol. 39, No. 4: 126–131 Plant Protect. Sci. Plant Protect. Sci. Vol. 39, No. 4: 126–131 ecotone with a majority of oak Quercus sp., field unprotected peneplain at a height of 227 m a.s.l., maple (Acer campestre L.), common privet (Ligustrum with precipitation sum 509 mm and average an- vulgare L.) and dog rose (Rosa canina L.). nual temperature 8.4°C. There are single bushes It is an extensive plantation of fruit trees with- of rose (Rosa canina L.) and sp. Adjacent out chemical protection: apple-trees, -trees, fields were used for production of fodder plants cherry-trees, plum-trees and some service trees (alfalfa). ( domestica L.) also occur there (supposedly Apple-tree and peach-tree plantations were in- autochthonous ones), the undergrowth is mainly vestigated. The orchard has grass undergrowth grass with an admixture of herbs e.g. Astragalus consisting of Lolium perenne L., Dactylis glomerata sp., Coronilla varia L., Inula ensifolia L., Rosa gallica L. and Zinn. L. occurs there too. The other investigated plantation is situated in RESULTS Tuřany. Biogeographically it is a part of the North Pannonian area that has upland topography with Besides the monitoring of tortricid moth species highlands character around Pálava. Adoxophyes orana, Archips podanus, A. rosanus, Hedya The biota of this area is thermophilic; the area lies nubiferana, , and in the oak vegetation zone with Quercus pubescens, Cydia molesta, Cydia pomonella and Cydia funebrana beech-oak vegetation zone with natural representa- as references species, other species of moths were tion of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and scarce found in pheromone traps for these target species: beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) occurs on its border. from the family Tortricidae , Pheromone traps were placed in intensive or- Cydia coronilana, , Spilonota chards of the firm Novotný where chemical pro- ocellana, Adoxophyes orana, , Ar- tection was carried out. It is a totally open and chips rosanus and Hedya pruniana, from the family

Table 1. The occurrences of individuals of non-target species in pheromone traps for specific species (year of observation 2002

Regularity of occurrence / number Locality Target species Non-target species of individuals Pandemis heparana Noctua pronuba regular / 28 Notocelia rosaecolana regular / 8 Cydia funebrana Cydia molesta regular / 79

Cydia molesta Notocelia rosaecolana sporadic / 3 Spilonota ocellana sporadic / 2 Adoxophyes orana sporadic / 1 Archips rosanus sporadic / 1 Pandemis cerasana sporadic / 1 Brno-Tuřany Cydia funebrana regular / 104

Cydia pomonella Hedya nubiferana sporadic / 1 Spilonota ocellana Hedya pruniana sporadic / 2 Hedya nubiferana Pammene albuginana sporadic / 1 Cydia pomonella Pammene albuginana sporadic / 2 Cydia funebrana Cydia coronilana regular / 13 Cydia molesta regular / 65 Cydia molesta C. funebrana regular / 81

Prakšice Pandemis cerasana Yponomeuta malinella (Yponomeutdae) sporadic / 4 Pyrausta rectefascialis (Pyralidae) sporadic / 3 Pyrausta aurata (Pyralidae) sporadic / 1

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Pyralidae Pyrausta rectefascialis and P. aurata, from present in the sex pheromone of Hedya (F����� et the family Noctuidae Noctua pronuba and from the al. 1979). The pheromone of P. heparana attracts family Yponomeutidae Yponomeuta malinellus (Zel- Noctua fimbriata (Noctuidae) (H��� et al. 1989). In ler, 1838). Tuřany Noctua pronuba was caught in the traps for The occurrence of non-target species was either P. heparana, a commonly spread species living on regular (the individuals of non-target species a wide spectrum of nutritive plants. H��� et al. were present in the pheromone catch in a large (1979) reported the presence of number or in a 14-day interval) or sporadic (the in pheromone traps for C. funebrana and C. molesta. individuals of non-target species were present in By the monitoring of C. pomonella in Japan H���- the pheromone catch individually). ����� et al. (1992) found out that the pheromone The reciprocal attractivity of pheromones for the of this species was an attractant for males of the species C. funebrana and C. molesta was observed in genus , Hedya, Eucosma, Grapholita and both localities. The catching of C. coronilana to the Pammene. This data correspond with findings pheromone traps for C. funebrana is not possible, of Pammene albuginana in pheromone traps of C. regarding the large number of caught individuals pomonella in Prakšice. The pheromone for Hedya and the length of the period when these species nubiferana and Cydia molesta attracted C. janthiana were present in traps; it is considered as acciden- (H��� et al. 1997). The pheromone of Hedya nu- tal. A similar situation was in the pheromones of biferana was an attractant for Pammene albuginana Pandemis heparana, whose pheromone attracted Noc- in Tuřany, where are present in the nearest tua pronuba. The pheromones of C. funebrana and wind-break. This effect may be caused by (Z)-8- C. molesta attracted Notocelia rosaecolana, supposedly dodecenyl acetate, which is a common component there exists a common pheromone compound, this of sex pheromones of both these species (F����� et theory can be supported by reciprocal attractivity al. 1979). Reciprocal presence of C. funebrana and of pheromones of C. funebrana and C.molesta. The C. molesta in pheromone traps for either of these attractivity of these pheromones for N. rosaecolana species was recorded in both observed localities. may be caused by an admixture in the pheromones The average representation of C. funebrana in for target species. pheromone traps for this species was 79.4%, the representation of C. molesta in pheromone traps DISCUSSION for C. molesta was 62.5%. R������� (2002) gave on average 97.4 % males of these species in the traps The reciprocal attractivity of the pheromone for C. funebrana. for C. funebrana and C. molesta is known. H��� In the extensive orchard in Prakšice the phe- et al. (1997) reported the presence of the species romone traps for target species of the family Pammene amygdalana, P. aurita and P. suspectana Tortricidae caught seven non-target lepidopteran in pheromone traps for C. funebrana. The species species, out of which Cydia coronilana, Pammene of the tribe Archipini have a common component albuginana, Pyrausta rectefascialis and P. aurata are of pheromone (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (O�� not pests of fruit trees of the family Rosaceae and 1993). Pammene spiniana was also caught into their presence at a site depends on ecological condi- pheromone traps for C. molesta a C. funebrana tions, especially on the presence of host plants. In (M���� & M�L������� in H��� et al. 1997) while Tuřany twelve non-target species were caught, out the pheromone for C. funebrana was an attractant of which only Noctua pronuba, Notocelia rosaecolana, for the species Pammene aurana (H��� et al. 1997). Hedya pruniana and Pammene albuginana are not The presence of Hedya pruniana in pheromone pests of fruit trees. traps for C. molesta was mentioned by H��� et al. (1989). Hedya pruniana was attracted by the The characteristics of non-target species pheromone of S. ocellana in Tuřany, where the nutritive plants of this tortricid species (family Cydia coronilana (Lienig & Zeller, 1846) (Grapho- Rosaceae) occur on the border of the plantation. litini): caterpillars appear from June to Septem- The species C. molesta and S. ocellana have com- ber, moths fly from the end of April to July. It is a mon components of pheromone (Z)-8-dodecenyl relatively abundant species in meadows, on forest acetate and (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (M�B���� et borders and in other localities where Coronilla varia al. 1992). (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate is the component (Fabaceae) occurs (R������� 2001).

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Pammene albuginana (Guenée, 1845) (): Therefore it is important to know what phe- caterpillars appear from September and October romone can attract non-target species and what to March on oak (Quercus: Fagaceae) in galls of the cause of this effect is like. One of the reasons hymenopteran (Hymenoptera). This moth may be the presence of common components in occurs locally in oak forests of Central pheromones prepared for the individual observed (R������� 2001). species. These components may be natural ingre- Notocelia rosaecolana (Doubleday, 1850) (Tortrici- dients of the pheromone or impurities from the dae, Eucosmini): caterpillars appear from May to production process. June, the flight period of moths begins at the end Another reason of the presence of non-target spe- of May and lasts until July, sometimes till Au- cies in pheromone traps may be false responses of gust. The nutritive plant is rose (Rosa: Rosaceae). males of non-target species to synthetic pheromones This species is relatively abundant on borders of for the observed species. parks, forests, shrubby biotopes and in gardens (R������� 2001). References Noctua pronuba (Linnaeus, 1758) (Noctuidae) is a euryoecous species spread in open habitats, in- F����� B., P������� E., G������ M. (1979): A sex a�rac- cluding anthropically affected ones. The caterpil- tant for the green budworm moth (Hedya nubiferana). lars live on different species of plants. The flight Z. Naturfors., 34c: 1248–1252. period of moths lasts from June to September H�������� I., O����� K., K���� M. (1992): Tortricid (N������ 1998). moths caught by sex pheromone traps for codling The moths of Yponomeuta malinellus (Zeller, 1838) moth. Res. Bull. Plant Protect. Service Jpn, 28: (Yponomeutidae) fly from June to August. Caterpil- 33–39. lars spin nests from leaves of apple-trees. They H����� M., A�������� P., Z������� M., B���� M., may cause clear-eatings in extensive plantations J�������� E., V���� G. (1997): Obrazový atlas chorob (H����� et al. 1997). a škůdců ovocných dřevin a révy vinné. Ochrana Pyrausta rectefascialis Toll, 1936 (Pyralidae) is a ovocných dřevin a révy vinné v integrované pro- species spread in Central Europe in Moravia, Slo- dukci. Biocont Laboratory, s.r.o., Brno. vakia, in Poland, , , and H��� I., M���� J., K����� F. (1979): Sexual pheromone Bavaria. It occurs in dry and warm habitats on the activity of 8-dodecenyl and 11-tetradecenyl acetates open land. Caterpillars supposedly live on plants for males of several lepidopteran species in field of the family Lamiaceae (S����� 1997). trials. Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov., 76: 65–84. Pyrausta aurata (Scopoli, 1763) (Pyralidae) is a H��� I., V���� J., H������ R. (1989): New records moth spread in dry habitats on the open agri- on sex a�ractants for males and faunistic comments cultural land. It has two generations per year, on moths () from Czechoslovakia. Acta moths fly from April to September. Caterpillars Entomol. Bohemoslov., 86: 252–268. live spinning leaves from June to May of the next H��� I., M���� j., K����� F., K������ J., B������ year on plants of the genus Thymus, Origanum, L. (1993): Distribution of the fruit tree pests Cy- Mentha and Salvia. dia molesta, Cydia funebrana and Anarsia lineatella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Gelechidae) in former Conclusion Czechoslovakia as recorded by pheromone traps. Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem., 58: 53–60. Especially the presence of non-target tortricid H��� I., K����� F., K������ J., K������� B. (1997): moths that are habitually similar to the pest is Výskyt potenciálních škůdců sadů, obaleče slivo- important because it may distort the data used for ňového, Cydia lobarzewskii a obaleče trnkového, treatment prediction. During the tortricid bud moth C. janthiana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) v České monitoring Pammene albuginana, Cydia coronilana republice a poznámky k dalším druhům podle and Notocelia rosaecolana from the family Tortri- úlovků do feromonových lapáků. Klapalekiana, cidae were present in pheromone traps for target 33: 155–172. tortricid species. The presence of Noctua pronuba L������� Z. (ed.) (1998): Seznam motýlů České a Slo- in pheromone traps may cancel the sticky board venské republiky. Konvoj, Brno. out. Pyrausta rectefascialis and P. aurata have no M�B���� H., G���� G., G���� R., B����� J.H., J��� practical value. G.J.R., K��� G.G.S., S������ K.N. (1992): Sex phe-

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romone components of the eye-spo�ed bud moth, R������� H. (2002): Beobachtungen zur Lebensweise Spilonota ocellana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepido- des Pflaumenwicklers (Cydia funebrana). Gesunde ptera: ). Can. Ent., 124: 1391–1394. Pflanzen, 54: 241–248. N������ J. (1998): The Noctuids (Lepidoptera, Noctui- R������� J. (2001): Die Tortriciden (Lepidoptera, Tor- dae) of Central Europe. F. Slamka, Bratislava. tricidae) Mi�eleuropas. F. Slamka, Bratislava. O�� T. (1993): Suppression of lepidopterous pest S����� F. (1997): Die Zünslerartigen (Pyraloidea) Mit- populations in apple orchards through mating teleuropas. Bestimmen-Verbreitung-Flugstandort- disruption with synthetic sex-pheromones. JARQ -Lebensweise der Raupen. F. Slamka, Bratislava. – Jpn Agr. Res. Q., 26: 271–76. Received for publication July 30, 2003 Accepted a�er corrections November 13, 2003

Souhrn

H������ E. (2003): Přítomnost necílových druhů motýlů ve feromonových lapácích pro pupenové obaleče. Plant Protect Sci., 39: 126–131.

Na lokalitách Brno-Tuřany (Brno-město) a Prakšice (Uherské Hradiště) byly pomocí feromonových lapáků sledo- vány následující druhy obalečů: Adoxophyes orana, Archips podanus, A. rosanus, Hedya nubiferana, Pandemis heparana, Spilonota ocellana, Cydia pomonella, C. funebrana a C. molesta. V lapácích pro cílové druhy obalečů byly přítomny i další, necílové druhy motýlů: Pammene albuginana, Cydia coronilana, Notocelia rosaecolana, Hedya pruniana, Noctua pronuba, Ypponomeuta mallinellus, Pyrausta rectefascialis a P. aurata.

Klíčová slova: pupenoví obaleči; feromonové lapáky; Jižní Morava; necílové druhy motýlů; Noctuidae

Corresponding author:

Ing. E�� H������, Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita, Agronomická fakulta, Ústav ochrany rostlin, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika tel.: + 420 545 133 318, e-mail: [email protected]

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