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Neurological Disorders due to Systemic Disease To my sons David, Michael, Adam, and Elliot, who teach me so much. Neurological Disorders due to Systemic Disease Edited by Steven L. Lewis, MD Department of Neurological Sciences Rush University Medical Center Chicago, Illinois, USA This edition first published 2013 # 2013 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. 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The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Neurological disorders due to systemic disease / edited by Steven L. Lewis. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4443-3557-6 (hardback : alk. paper) I. Lewis, Steven L. [DNLM: 1. Nervous System Diseases–etiology. 2. Diagnosis, Differential. 3. Neurologic Manifestations. WL 141] 616.800471–dc23 2012014818 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Cover images # iStockphoto.com: Left: ‘Human body with internal organs’ # Max Delson Martins Santos. Right: ‘Neuron Energy’ #ktsimage. Cover Design: Sarah Dickinson Set in 9/11.5pt, Sabon by Thomson Digital, Noida, India. 01 2013 Contents List of contributors, vii Preface, ix 1 Introduction, 1 Steven L. Lewis 2 Headache due to systemic disease, 3 Kevin A. Kahn 3 Encephalopathy (delirium) due to systemic disease, 29 Allison Weathers 4 Dementia and systemic disorders, 51 Jennifer R. Molano & Brendan J. Kelley 5 Stroke due to systemic diseases, 77 Sarkis Morales-Vidal & Jose Biller 6 Seizures due to systemic disease, 107 Matthew T. Hoerth & Joseph I. Sirven 7 Neuro-ophthalmology of systemic disease, 127 Matthew J. Thurtell & Janet C. Rucker 8 Neuro-otology of systemic disease, 145 Terry D. Fife 9 Movement disorders due to systemic disease, 155 Brandon R. Barton & Christopher G. Goetz 10 Myelopathies due to systemic disease, 175 Sital V. Patel & Steven L. Lewis 11 Peripheral nerve disorders in systemic disease, 192 Michelle L. Mauermann & Ted M. Burns 12 Neuromuscular junction disorders due to systemic disease, 214 Jaffar Khan 13 Myopathies due to systemic disease, 224 Hannah R. Briemberg 14 Autonomic manifestations of systemic disease, 239 Brent P. Goodman & Eduardo E. Benarroch 15 Sleep disorders and systemic disease, 261 Erik K. St. Louis Index, 283 Color plate section can be found facing page, 86 v List of contributors Brandon R. Barton, MD, MS Christopher G. Goetz, MD, FAAN Assistant Professor Professor Department of Neurological Sciences Department of Neurological Sciences Movement Disorder Section Head, Movement Disorder Section Rush University Medical Center Rush University Medical Center Chicago, IL, USA Chicago, IL, USA Eduardo E. Benarroch, MD, FAAN Brent P. Goodman,MD Professor Assistant Professor Department of Neurology Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic Arizona Rochester, MN, USA Phoenix, AZ, USA Jose Biller, M.D. FACP, FAAN, FAHA Matthew T. Hoerth,MD Professor and Chairman Assistant Professor Department of Neurology Department of Neurology Loyola University Chicago Mayo Clinic Arizona Stritch School of Medicine Phoenix, AZ, USA Maywood, IL, USA Jaffar Khan, MD, FAAN Hannah R. Briemberg, MD, FRCPC Associate Professor and Vice Chair for Education Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Neurology Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Division of Neurology Atlanta, GA, USA University of British Columbia ,MD Vancouver BC, Canada Kevin A. Kahn Director, Clinical Care Center Ted M. Burns,MD Carolina Headache Institute Professor Clinical Associate Professor Department of Neurology Department of Psychiatry University of Virginia Adjunct Associate Professor Charlottesville, VA, USA Department of Anesthesiology UNC School of Medicine , MD, FAAN Terry D. Fife Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor Director, Balance Disorders & Otoneurology UNC School of Dentistry Barrow Neurological Institute Chapel Hill, NC, USA Professor of Neurology University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, AZ, USA vii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Brendan J. Kelley,MD Janet C. Rucker,MD Assistant Professor Associate Professor Department of Neurology Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology University of Cincinnati Mount Sinai Medical Center Cincinnati, OH, USA New York, NY, USA Steven Lewis, MD, FAAN Erik K. St Louis,MD Professor and Associate Chairman Consultant, Center for Sleep Medicine Head, Section of General Neurology Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Rush University Medical Center Departments of Medicine and Neurology Chicago, IL, USA Mayo Clinic and Foundation Associate Professor of Neurology ,MD Michelle L. Mauermann Mayo Clinic Senior Associate Consultant Rochester, MN, USA Assistant Professor of Neurology Mayo Clinic Joseph I. Sirven, MD, FAAN Rochester, MN, USA Professor and Chairman Department of Neurology ,MD Jennifer R. Molano Mayo Clinic Arizona Assistant Professor Phoenix, AZ, USA Department of Neurology University of Cincinnati Matthew J. Thurtell, MBBS, FRACP Cincinnati, OH, USA Assistant Professor Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences ,MD Sarkis Morales-Vidal University of Iowa Assistant Professor Departments of Ophthalmology and Neurology Director of Telemedicine Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center Department of Neurology Iowa City, IA, USA Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine Allison Weathers,MD Maywood, IL, USA Assistant Professor Department of Neurological Sciences ,MD Sital V. Patel Rush University Medical Center Fellow Chicago, IL, USA Rush University Medical Center Chicago, IL, USA viii Preface The aim of this book is to provide an overview of the I would like to thank the neurology residents and clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and my general neurology attending colleagues at Rush management of the various neurological syndromes University Medical Center for creating a stimulating that occur in the clinical context of an underlying clinical and academic milieu in our daily “work” in the systemic disease or its treatment. inpatient