1939–45 war world second the overwhelming Germanforces. Polish garrisonagainstthe days offierce defense by the shows Westerplatte after seven September 1,1939).Thephoto troops inWorld War II(on first attack by German It wasthetarget ofthe Westerplatte nearGdańsk.

© Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed in unchanged form (citing its source) only for educational and not-for-profit purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu Circumstances Germany. the Chancellorof Adolf Hitlerbecomes 30 January 1933 Kingdom United France Germany It aly Nazi Austria czecho Poland Albania the pactin1937. the USSR.Italyjoins communism and directed against Comintern Pact, Japan signtheAnti- and 25 November 1936 Italy in1939 Seized by Europe on31A Neutral countries Axis Alliedcountries

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victory parade – German-Russian Poland, BrześćLitewski Hitler’s demands. powers agreed to the peaceEuropean Germany. Tokeep is incorporatedby part ofCzechoslovakia – 30 September Germany. incorporated into whereby Austria is Anschluss ofAustria 17 March 1938 Second World War Poland, triggeringthe German attackon 1 September two powers. Europe between the the divisionofCentral protocol concerned and theUSSR.Itssecret between NaziGermany pact ofnon-aggression Ribbentrop Pact– Signing oftheMolotov- 23 August andMoravia. the Protectorate of and establishes invades 15 March Germany Czechoslovakia. On independence from by Germany declares Slovakia supported 14 March 1939 territory. than one-halfof Polish borderlands, more of itseastern and theincorporation USSR attackonPoland 17 September .

© Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed in unchanged form (citing its source) only for educational and not-for-profit purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu allies and axis supporters and their Axis powers Axis fighting the countries Allies and Selected the UK – PrimeMinister of Winston Churchill 1939 United Kingdom Soviet Union A Germany Germany Finland ustralia Canada Poland France France China the USA (FDR) –President of Franklin D. Roosevelt 1940 Italy leader ofChina Chiang Kai-shek– De Gaulle France Vichy Y Key figures: of NaziGermany –leader 1941 ugoslavia R omania Japan communist resistance – leaderofthe Broz Tito Josip Minister resistance andPrime leader oftheFrench Charles deGaulle– A US leader ofItaly Benito Mussolini– 1942 government-in-exile of thePolish – PrimeMinister Władysław Sikorski Emperor ofJapan Hirohito – 1943 Italian SocialR Kingdom ofItaly epublic Regent ofHungary Miklós Horthy – Tsar ofBulgaria Boris III– 1944 leader oftheUSSR Joseph Stalin– called Vichy France called Vichy Chief ofStateso- Philippe Pétain– King ofRomania Michael I– 1945

© Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed in unchanged form (citing its source) only for educational and not-for-profit purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu western halfofPoland. occupation ofthe Warsaw, German Capitulation of 28 September Polish territory. more thanone-halfof eastern borderlands, incorporation ofits Poland andthe USSR attackon 17 September war onGermany. UK andFrancedeclare 3 September Poland. German attackon 1 September 1939 Second World War. politics Startofthe

13.03.40) with Finland(30.11.39- the After Winter War 13 March 1940 . USSR incorporatesthe June 1940 Vichy France. français) –so-called French State(État created apuppet of France,Germany the southernhalf Belgium inMay. In Netherlands and Luxembourg, conquering France after Germany defeated 22 June Finish SSR. but failstocreate a important territories incorporates some theUSSR determination. has aright toself- that every nation document stated Churchill. The and Charter byRoosevelt Signing oftheAtlantic 14 August after Germanattack. USSR joinstheAllies 22 June the Axis. countries fighting military aidfor the USA’s financialand Lend-Lease policy – 11 March 1941 against theAxis. China joinstheAllies 9 December (Hawaii). attack onPearlHarbor after theJapanese USA joinstheAllies 8 December

United Nations. was abasisfor the against theAxisand formalized thealliance document China). The (USA, UK,USSRand by theBigFour United Nationssigned Declaration ofthe 1 January 1942 in France. to openanewfront The leadersdecided and Stalin(USSR). (UK), Roosevelt (USA) Big Three –Churchill First meetingofthe Tehran Conference. 1 December 28 November – reclaimed. territories hadbeen surrender andseized its unconditional fighting Japanuntil Roosevelt discussed shek, Churchill and where ChiangKai- First Cairo Conference 22–26 November and Japan. of Germany, Italy the defeatedparty) any guarantees to surrender (without until anunconditional Gaulle decidedtofight Roosevelt andde where Churchill, Casablanca Conference 14–24 January 1943

Europe. The endofwar in surrender ofGermany. Unconditional 8 May United Nations. foundation ofthe Conference and San Francisco 26 June 25 April– where theBig Three Yalta Conference 4–11 February 1945 Central Europe. sphere ofinfluenceto the USSRtoexpandits effectively allowed conference line. The border ontheCurzon set thePolisheastern occupation zonesand of Germany into four decided onthedivision

Pacific theatre. The endofwar inthe surrender ofJapan. Unconditional 2 September Japan tosurrender. Germans andcalledon the resettlement of Poland, decidedon of Germany and set thenewborders govern Germany, which theAllieswould established rulesby where theBig Three Potsdam Conference 2 August 17 July–

© Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed in unchanged form (citing its source) only for educational and not-for-profit purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu 400,000 soldiers in 1944: The HomeArmy occupied Poland. German- andSoviet- structures operatingin military andcivilian State consisted of The Underground exile inLondon. Polish government-in- State dependent onthe Polish Underground Poland E occupied in movement Resistance in Europe: Uprisings 1943 Unsuccessful Unsuccessful civilians. 40,000 insurgents and Casualties: upto 19 April–16May Warsaw Ghetto the forests ofV Soldiers of27th Divisionin Successful Successful urope ohlynia Partially successful 300,000 soldiers August 1944: Free Franceforces in 400,000 soldiers French army in1944: colonies. France andits Operated inoccupied Charles deGaulle. and itsarmy ledby government-in-exile Free France–French France 1944 Allied forces. were helepedbythe civilians.Insurgents insurgents and Casualties: 1–1,300 19–25 August Paris River. bank ofthe Vistula stationed ontheright helped bySoviet forces Insurgents were not insurgents andcivilians. Casualties: 150–180,000 1 August –2October Warsaw civilians insurgents and Casualties: 4,000 29 August –28October Slovakia she ismostproficient, 1944 automatic rifle withwhich others, poseswiththe addition to liquidating in theChartresarea, in who captured 25Nazis ‘Nicole’ aFrench partisan 1945 defending abarricade Home Army soldiers Poland, 1944.Polish Warsaw Uprisingin civilians insurgents and Casualties: 8–9,000 5–9 May 800,000 soldiers Army in1944: National Liberation the Allies). Army (withhelp from the arrival oftheSoviet from theNazisbefore to liberatethecountry The partisansmanaged lead byJosipBroz Tito. partisan organization Army –communist National Liberation organizations: Two rival partisan Yugoslavia offered armed resistance. German title: Thesebandits Ghetto, May 1943. Original about liquidationofWarsaw report for Heinrichimmler A picture from Jürgen Stroop's 170,000 soldiers Chetniks in1944: in-exile. Yugoslav government- allegiance was tothe Draža Mihailović, their Chetniks –ledby

© Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed in unchanged form (citing its source) only for educational and not-for-profit purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu Af N and E in War urope urope rica create aFinnishSSR. territories butfailsto some important USSR incorporates Finnish forces, the long defenceby After asurprisingly attack onFinland. Winter War.Soviet – 13March 1940 30 November 1939 occupation. German andSoviet USSR andfallsunder attacked bythe time Polandis forces. Atthesame army defeatsPolish Campaign. German Polish September 6 October 1 September– 1939

orth orth

occupation. fall underGerman Luxembourg, which Netherlands and France, Belgium, German attackon Battle ofFrance. 10 May –25June countries. occupation ofthese beginning theGerman Denmark andNorway, German attackon 9April–10June 1940 31 October attacks. German airforce defence against UK’s successful Battle ofBritain. 10 July–

Kingdom United France France Vichy 1940 Bel. 1940 Neth. Nor Denmark it Germany Leningrad. German siegeof The start ofthe 8 September 1941 w aly Nazi ay 1939 and northernfront. offensive inthe centre of theSoviet counter- German army. Start an attackbythe Soviets fendoff Battle ofMoscow. 7 January1942 2 October1941– Government General Finland Leningrad 1941 1941 A German invasion in reachFurthest of 1942 ugust 1942 1941 Moscow

controlled by: owned, occupied, Territories Europe 1939–42 El- Neutral countries Soviet Union Axis Allies Alamain

Soviet Union Stalingrad 1942 the nextpage Continued on 1940

General – German Guderian Heinz Korps German Afrika commander of Field Marshal, – German Erwin Rommel Marshall German Field Paulus – Friedrich figures: Key Soviet Union – Marshalofthe Georgy Zhukov

© Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed in unchanged form (citing its source) only for educational and not-for-profit purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu urope 1942 – Europe 1942– controlled by: occupied and Territories April 1945 eastern front. point ofthewar onthe Germany –theturning Soviet victoryover Battle ofStalingrad. 2 February 1943 17 July1942– 1942 Neutral countries Soviet Union Axis Allies Casablanca owned, owned,

in Alliedvictory. Vichy France.Results Algiers) controlled by (Casablanca, Oranand of NorthAfrica Allied invasion Operation Torch. 8–16 November Operation Overlord

Oran Kingdom United Axis inNorthAfrica. the Alliesagainst the Important victoryof El-Alamain. Second battleof 11 November 23 October– Algiers 1944 1944 1942 Dragoon Operation Dresden 1945

Cassino Monte Berlin 1943 1942 1945 Sicily 1944 capitulation days before in April1945, German control Leningrad the Eastern front. Red Army offensive on Germany. Startofthe Soviet victoryover Battle ofKursk. 5 July–23August 1943 Allied rule. of Italyfallsunder The southernpart Allied attackonSicily. 8 September 10 July– 1944 1944 El- Alamain Moscow

Kursk Soviet Union 1943 Stalingrad 18 May 17 January– 1944 over Axisforces inItaly. Cassino. Alliedvictory Battle ofMonte of thecity. Soviets liftthesiege civilians. Finally, the of almost 1,000,000 death from starvation siege causesmass year-long (900days) Leningrad. Over two- End ofthesiege 27 January

1941 culture: in popular This subject Europe of theAlliedforces in Supreme Commander Eisenhower – Dwight D.

the WesternAllies. Liberation ofParisby 19–25 August southern France. Allied attackon Operation Dragoon. 15 August France. and Alliedoffensive in Landing inNormandy Operation Overlord. 6 June–31August (1993, film) Stalingrad (2008, book) of Thieves City (2014,film) Fury (2017, film) Dunkirk American General George Patton– advance onBerlin. the Vistula River and capture Polandwest of offensive. Soviets Red Army winter 4 February 12 January– 1945 thousands ofcivilians. causes thedeathof destroys thecityand Dresden. Completely Allied bombingof 13–15 February (1975, film) Their Country They Fought for (1977, film) A Bridge tooFar (1981, film) Das Boot – BritishFieldMarshal Bernard Montgomery

of NaziGermany. Soviet victoryandfall Battle ofBerlin. 16 April–2May (1957, film) Kanal (1959, film) Fate ofaMan (1969, film) Battle of Britain

© Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed in unchanged form (citing its source) only for educational and not-for-profit purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu the Axis. joins thewar against attack onHawaii. USA Harbor. Japanese Attack onPearl 7 December 1941 War P aci f ic Pacific. advance into the stop theJapanese forces. Alliedforces American-Australian Japanese and Naval battlebetween Battle oftheCoralSea. 4–8 May 1942 the Pacific the War. American victoryin First anddecisive naval andairbattle. against Japanina American victory Battle ofMidway. 4–7 June Pacific. offensive inthe of theAmerican land battles.Start Japan inaseriesof Allied victoryover Campaign. Major Guadalcanal 9 February 1943 7 August 1942– 1945 China Soviet Unon

1945 Japanese occupation. Philippines from step infreeing the Allied victory, first Battle ofLeyte. 26 December 17 October– 1944 Philippines 1945 Nagasaki Okinawa Battle of 22 June1945 1 April– Australia L eyte Hiroshima

1944 Tokyo 1944 Japan Jima Battle ofIwo 26 March 1945 19 February – Hiroshima, Japan. nuclear attackon First American 6 August 1945 Manchuria. puppet state) in Manchukuo (Japanese Soviet attack on Japan. attack, onNagasaki, American nuclear Second andlast 9 August Coral Sea

1943 Pa Guadalcanal cifi c 1943 O 1943 Midway cean controlled by: occupied and Territories owned, P A expansion in Extent ofJapanese culture: in popular This subject acific War 1941–45 ugust 1942 Neutral countries Soviet Union Axis Allies Pearl Harbor Hawaii Eternity, 1951(book) James Jones,From Here to (1957, film) The Bridge ontheRiver Kwai Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970, film) Letter from IwoJima(2006,film) The Pacific(2010,TVseries) Japanese Navy the Imperial Admiral of Marshal – Japanese Yamamoto Isoroku Military Leader Supreme – Japanese Hideki Tojo Navy United States admiral ofthe Nimitz –Fleet Chester W. figures: Key Pacific Area South Westthe Allied forces in Commander of – Supreme MacArthur Douglas

© Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed in unchanged form (citing its source) only for educational and not-for-profit purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu General LeslieGroves. headed byLieutenant New Mexico,USAand Alamos Laboratory, organized atLos Manhattan) was project (codename The American an atomicbomb. Germans tocreate race against the Americans won the Atomic bomb inventions science – new W ar and August 1945. August 1945. took placeon6and9 and NagasakiinJapan) attack (onHiroshima first andsecondnuclear desert (Trinitytest). The in theNewMexico took placeinJuly1945 first nucleardetonation leader. The scientific Oppenheimer was its Physicist Robert Japan, 1945 Over Nagasaki, A tomic Cloud Rises of Britain. such astheBattle military operations, important role in invention played an Ranging). The and (Radio Detection in 1940–Radar received itsname during thewar and War. Itwas developed Second Worldthe was invented before that usesradiowaves The detectionsystem Radar Bletchley Park. the Britishcodecentre and other cyphers at versions ofEnigma Alan Turing) onnewer British scientists (e.g. They workedwith later ontotheUK. September 1939and They fledtoFrancein Zygalski in1932. Różycki andHenryk Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Polish mathematicians initially broken by The EnigmaCodewas deciphering Enigma Suffolk, UK,May 1945. Home R towers atBawdsey Chain 110-metre transmitter adar Station, altitude. The missile missile altitude. The range and80kmpeak 2”). Ithada320km (“Vengeance Weapon Vergeltungswaffen-2 technicalname – full guided ballistic missile German long-range V -2 missile culture: in popular This subject Peenemünde 1943 V2 rocket onMeiller vehicle, programs. space exploration later usedindeveloping of the V-2 rocket was invention 1945. The Britain in1944and France andGreat was launchedagainst arrived atthecorrect solution. intercepted messagesuntilit possible from encryptions D National CashR This machine,madeby machine, called a‘bombe’. An Enigmadecryption ayton, Ohio, eliminated all egister of (2014, film) Game The Imitation (2014–15, TVseries) Manhattan

© Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed in unchanged form (citing its source) only for educational and not-for-profit purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu established in 1944. established in1944. Hungary ghettoswere In German-occupied population of400,000. 1940 andhada established inOctober Warsaw Ghetto–was biggest one–the Europe. The Central for Jewsinoccupied The creation ofghettos 1939–42 1939 9,800,000 Pre-war JewishpopulationinEurope 5,900,000 Nazi Germany andcollaborators. Holocaust Jewishvictimskilledby 3,000,000 P 3,300,000 P H W oland oland olocaust ar crimes: crimes: ar Soviet Union 1,100,000 1940 3,000,000 Soviet Union 569,000 Hungary R omania 287,000 141,500 Germany later gassing. mass shootings and the occupiedUSSRby They killedJewsin (Einsatzgruppen). special SSunits Mass murders by Spring 1942 July 1941– 1941 800,000 All other countries 825,000 Hungary

609,000 R omania 566,000 Germany 1942 cremated. gas chambersand were murdered in death camps.Jews of PolishJewsin mass extermination Operation Reinhard – November 1943 March 1942– countries 1,500,000 All other 1943 chambers. were killedingas where themajority Auschwitz-Birkenau, Jews from Hungaryto Mass transportationof May–July 1944 Drancy Natzweiler- 1944 Struthof Westerbork Bergen-Belsen Buchenwald camp. the last concentration Liberation ofStutthof, 9 May 1945 camp bytheSoviets. Auschwitz-Birkenau Liberation of 27 January1945 D nazi germay achau 1945 R avensbrück Sachsenhausen Theresienstadt Mauthausen Kulmhof an der Nehr Sered A Jasenovac uschwitz- Łódź Birkenau Stutthof Warsaw Budapest Majdanek Kraków Płaszów culture: in popular This subject Treblinka P onary Vilnius Białystok L viv Bełżec Sobibór occupied Europe: Holocaust inNazi Majormassacres Deathcamps Major Majorghettos Transnistria concentration camps Trostenets Maly

Babi Y book, 1946) of AnneFrank; (aka TheDiary Young Girl ofa The Diary (film, 1985) Shoah (film, 1993) Shindler’s List ar

© Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed in unchanged form (citing its source) only for educational and not-for-profit purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu Norway). Netherlands and France, Belgium, Poland, Yugoslavia, occupied Europe (e.g. In Germany and camp system Concentration war crimes T Germany error and USSR Japan 300,000 Chinese. soldiers killupto in 1937–38–Japanese e.g. NankingMassacre Mass killings

of 22,000Poles. 1940 –Soviet murder elites Extermination of in 1939–40. hospitals inGermany, ill patients from families andmentally Czech andPolish elites, German, people, mostly Polish of about12–14,000 – Germanmurder

Piaśnica Massacres Katyń Massacre in

Division oftheUSArmy. was liberated by the80th ‘scientific’ experiments. It was reputedly usedfor same name.Thecamp near thetown ofthe main campMauthausen, was asub-campofthe Ebensee, A a concentration campin dead from hunger, pose in Starved prisoners, nearly ustria. Ebensee of villages Destruction Ukrainian villages. of Belarussianand well ashundreds to pacificationas Sochy) were subjected Borów, Michniów, Polish villages(e.g. Poland. Over 800 in Germanoccupied in 1944. Oradour-sur-Glane entire villageof . Bohemia andMoravia, the actingProtector of the assassinationof 1942 inretaliation for Czechoslovakia in village inoccupied – destruction ofa Massacres ofvillages

Massacre ofthe e.g. LidiceMassacre

territories. German occupied Germany andin disabled peoplein 200,000 illand e.g. Murder ofabout disabled the mentally illand Extermination of May 1945 Belsen concentration camp, hut, theliberation ofBergen- destruction ofthelastcamp A crowd watches the captured byGermans. prisoners ofwar 3,000,000 Soviet e.g. Deathof of WarPrisoners and torture ofthe Mistreatment

humans Experiments on prisoners ofwar. experiments on Mengele. Birkenau byJosef twins inAuschwitz- experiments onliving

Japanese e.g. Medical (6,000). (17,000)and (17,000), Romania (30,000), 400,000 people), Poland (about from to Siberiaand e.g. Mass

(film, 2007) Katyń culture: in popular This subject Forced labour Nazi Germany. (mainly ). camps inUSSR labour Gulagprison-

Forced labourin e.g. Exiletoforced at Katyn, 1943. One ofmany mass graves

© Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed in unchanged form (citing its source) only for educational and not-for-profit purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu Iceland

Cold War alliances: NATO members Aftermath Warsaw Pact Norway Albania – withdrew in 1968 Non-Aligned Movement Neutral countries

Denmark

Destruction Occupation and Soviet Losses Political United 70–85,000,000 of industry and demilitarization of Kingdom Union consequences Neth. Poland people dead infrastructure Japan (1945–52) East Moving of the Germany Belgium Theft and borders in Europe Division of the world West 21,000,000 refugees Germany and population Czechoslovakia and displaced persons destruction of into two blocs led by cultural heritage resettlement two superpowers: Hungary Destruction of USSR and USA – start France Romania Occupation and cities (e.g. Hiroshima, of the Cold War. division of Germany Nagasaki, Minsk, Europe divided by an Yugoslavia Bulgaria Warsaw and Dresden) Iron Curtain. Italy Turkey Portugal Albania Spain Greece

Total victims estimates

70–85,000,000 people 48–58,000,000 Civilians 21–25,000,000 Military Estimate ranges for civilian victims vary widely in different sources.

Military and civilian victims by country Victims as percent of population Jewish victims by country Soviet Union Poland Poland China Soviet Union Soviet Union Poland Yugoslavia Hungary Germany Germany Romania Japan Hungary Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Japan Germany France China Yugoslavia United Kingdom Romania France Italy Czechoslovakia USA France Hungary Italy Romania United Kingdom Czechoslovakia USA

0 5 10 15 20 25 million 0 5 10 15% 0 1 2 3 million and printed be downloaded may This infographic and Solidarity. Remembrance Network of European © Institute https://hi-storylessons.eu purposes. educational and not-for-profit only for (citing its source) in unchanged form 1933 Germany andAustria. to emigratefrom Nazi government were forced bythe 340,000 Jews 1933–1941 displacement g mi Forced horrible conditions were transportedin brutally andpeople were carriedout forced deportations of thewar. The from thevery start of theoccupants totalitarian policy was apartofthe Forced migration ration and and ration

7 November 1918 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2, Naval Aircraft Factory, inplantnumber metal part Woman worker files a following years. end ofthewar and be deportedatthe millions ofpeopleto Eastern Europe caused borders inCentral- decision tomove deportees todie. which causedmany Also theBig Three’s 1939 General Government. to Germany tothe incorporated in territories citizens from 390,000 Polish approximately Deportation of Spring 1941 December 1939– to work. to Germany andforced Europe were brought people from occupied the war over 12million Germany –throughout Forced laborers in 1939–1945 1940 died in exile. died inexile. camps (). Many often placedinlabour were Kazakhstan. They mainly toSiberiaor were transported deportees citizens. The 330,000 Polish approximately the Soviets deported USSR. Infour stages Borderlands tothe Polish Eastern deportations from Mass Soviet 1941 June February 1940– Soviet deportationin 17,000 from Lithuania. 15,000 from Latviaand people from Estonia, deportation of10,000 a biglossfrom the Baltic states suffered populations ofthe by theSoviets. Small Poland carriedout the BalticStatesand occupied territoriesof mass deportationfrom June deportation– June 201941 May 22– 1942 Persia by General Anders, from theSoviet Unionto Polish refugees evacuated Another bigwave of Latvia. and onMarch 25in Estonia andLithuania holiday –onJune14in events withapublic commemorate these deported. from Lithuaniawere Latvia and30,000 Estonia, 43,000from 22,000 peoplefrom in 1949,whichover the March deportation the BalticStateswas All three countries the nextpage Continued on

© Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed in unchanged form (citing its source) only for educational and not-for-profit purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu 1942 was never fulfilled. of millionspeople.It and deportationoftens Europe byGermans of Central-Eastern the colonization The planassumed the GeneralplanOst. German colonists. approximately 12,000 They were replaced by occupied Poland). (region inGerman Zamojszczyzna villages from people from 300 deported 110,000 Germany brutally August 1943 November 1942– This was apartof 1943 by theSoviets. sunk inJanuary1945 Gustloff, which was MVon Wilhelm escaping East Prussia, mostly civilians – e.g.9,000people, died duringtheflight by theGermans.Many territories occupied Eastern Germany and the Red Army from Germans escapedfrom Over 7million May 1945 July 1944–

1944 concentration camps. forced laborcampsor other partsoftheGG, Germans andsent to the cityby were expelledfrom 550,000 inhabitants Warsaw Uprising During andafterthe October 1944 August –

so-called Curzonline. lands west from the Borderlands toPolish from theEastern 1.7–1.8 millionPoles Soviet deportationsof Autumn 1946 Autumn 1944– V evacuation from C entspils. ourland, Hungary. Czechoslovakia and its newborders), from Poland(within they were deported European countries, from theCentral would beexpelled that theGermans the Big Three decided Conference where After thePotsdam 1945–1950 over 1,000,000 from 600,000tojust Vertreibung) varies Germans (Flucht und flight andexpulsionof of casualtiesthe estimated number million. The 12–14 lands isestimated at expelled from these escaped andwere of Germanswho The total number 1950 from Poland. German children R epatriation of

© Institute of European Network Remembrance and Solidarity. This infographic may be downloaded and printed in unchanged form (citing its source) only for educational and not-for-profit purposes. https://hi-storylessons.eu ENRS is funded by: ENRS isfunded https://enrs.eu/ https://hi-storylessons.eu/ European history’. about 20th-century Teaching &learning ‘Hi-story lessons. for theproject Infographics prepared W The Second orld W ar a different viewpoint countries may have that neighbouring with anawareness need toteachhistory Underlining the different perspectives. the 20th-century from European history of project istoshow ‘Hi-story lessons’ The missionofthe conflicting opinions. when there are complexity –even – itsdiversity and the history ofEurope their students see how teachersand strive tochallenge ‘Hi-story lessons’we aim. With main fact istheproject’s on thesamehistorical A Assarabowski Johnson andEdward Caroline Brooke Proofreading: Jasiek Krzysztofiak Graphic design: ENRS Zhanna Vrublevska, Maria Naimska, Coordination: ENRS Prof. JanRydel, Substantive editing: teacher consultant Julita Gredecka, In cooperationwith Universityof Warsaw Zofia Zakrzewska uthors: 531340 Records Administration, NAID 13 NationalArchives and kuva (FinnishArmy Pictures) (1999) p.317,orginallyfrom SA- pikkujättiläinen 12 Talvisodan ID: 101I-185-0139-20 11 GermanFederal Archives, domain –Russia 10 Unknown author, public ID: LC-USZ62-69701 9 Museum Presidential Libraryand 8 ID: MH26392 7 ID: LC-USZ62-40522 6 domain –Italy 5 ID: 183-S33882 4 ID: 183-H28422 3 ID: 101I-121-0011A-23 2 ID: 183-2008-0513-500 1 In order ofappearance: Photographs GermanFederal Archives, Imperial War Museums, Unknown author, public GermanFederal Archives, GermanFederal Archives, GermanFederal Archives, FranklinD. Roosevelt US Library of Congress, USLibraryofCongress, USLibraryofCongress, ID: 2.24.01.09 27 NationaalArchief, ID: 6233761 26 USNationalArchives, 1036 ID: TR 25 Imperial War Museums, general-patton.html/2 quotes-by-old-blood-and-guts- com/war-articles/27-fantastic- 24 www.warhistoryonline. SN-99-02404.JPEG mil/Assets/1999/DoD/HD- 23 www.dodmedia.osd. (page 94) 22 “Life” magazine,vol. 18,no.7 ID: 146-1977-018-13A 21 GermanFedral Archives, ID: 2-12706 20 NationalDigitalArchives, ID: 183-B24575 19 GermanFederal Archives, ID: 10048491 18 USNationalArchives, 211-0734-6 Pax, Warsaw 1986,ISBN83- 17 PAX PublishingInstitute ID: 6003996 16 USNationalArchives, Museum Warsaw 15 The Uprising ID: 520590 14 USNationalArchives, ID: 183-2003-0703-500 40 GermanFederal Archives, ID: 183-1985-0531-500 39 GermanFederal Archives, Command, ID:NH2659 38 Naval History andHeritage ID: IWME19024 37 Imperial War Museums, ID: BU6674 36 Imperial War Museums, 531271 Records Administration, NAID 35 NationalArchives and domain –Poland 34 Unknown author, public ID: CH15337 33 Imperial War Museums, ID: 535795 Records Administration, 32 USNationalArchives and ID: 141-1875A 31 GermanFederal Archives, ID: 070918-F-1234S-006 30 NationalSecurityAgency, ID: 428-126 29 NationalDietLibrary, ID: 1142 28 NationalDietLibrary,

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