A Description of Figurative Language Found in Maroon 5’S Overexposed Album

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A DESCRIPTION OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE FOUND IN MAROON 5’S OVEREXPOSED ALBUM

A PAPER

ANGGIA RIZKI

REG NO : 152202028

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDY UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I am ANGGIA RIZKI, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree. No other person‟s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :

Date : 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name: ANGGIA RIZKI

Title of Paper: A DESCRIPTION OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE FOUND IN MAROON 5‟S OVEREXPOSED ALBUM.

Qualification: D-III / Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

1. I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Libertarian of the Diploma III English Faculty of Culture Studies University of

North Sumatera on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

2. I am not willing that my papers be made available for reproduction.

Signed :

Date : 2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT

This paper is entitled A Description of Figurative Language Found in Maroon 5‟s Overexposed Album. The purpose of this paper is to find out the type of the figurative language and also the dominant type of figurative language. In writing this paper, the writer conducts a library research, collecting data and information from some books and internet. The writer collects data figurative language from of Maroon 5‟s song lyrics, select figurative language in the song lyrics, classify the figurative language then interpret the figurative language. Based on the results of the analysis, the writer found 22 the use of figurative language consisting of each thirteen times hyperbole, each six of personification and each one times of metaphor, simile and imagery. The results of the analysis also show that hyperbole and personification are the most figurative type of language that appears in Maroon 5‟s song lyrics.

Keywords: Figurative language and song lyrics.

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK

Kertas karya berjudul A Desciption of Figurative Language found in Maroon 5‟s Overexposed Album. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui tipe jenis bahasa kiasan tersebut dan juga kemunculan bahasa kiasan yang paling dominan dari semua jenis bahasa kiasan. Dalam penulisan kertas karya ini, penulis melakukan metode penelitian ke pustakaan, mengambil data dan informasi dari beberapa buku dan internet. Penulis mengumpulkan data bahasa kiasan yang terdapat pada lirik lirik lagu Maroon 5, menyeleksi bahasa kiasan dalam lirik lagu, mengelompokkan bahasa kiasan dalam jenisnya, kemudian menginterpretasikan bahasa kiasan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, penulis menemukan 22 penggunaan bahasa kiasan yang terdiri dari 13 bentuk hiperbola, 6 bentuk personifikasi dan metafora, simile dan imagery masing masing 1 bentuk. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa hiperbola dan personifikasi adalah jenis bahasa kiasan yang paling banyak muncul dalam lirik lagu Maroon 5.

Kata Kunci: Gaya bahasa dan lirik lagu.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWNLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like thanks to Allah SWT, for his blessing and gives me health, strength and inspiration to accomplish this paper as one of the requirements to get the Diploma III Certificate from English Study Program Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara. Also, I would like to express my deep gratitude, love, appreciation, and thanks to:

• My Parents, Zulkifli Zuhri and Haswida who always loving, caring, praying, supporting, and gives me advices in completing this paper.

• Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum. as the Head of Diploma III English Study Program, who gives me a lot knowledge.

• Drs. M. Syafi‟i Siregar, M.A. as my Supervisor, who gives the correction, suggestion and knowledge in completing this paper.

• All my lecturer in Diploma III English Study Program who have taught me and gives me advice and knowledge.

• My beloved Brothers, Rizki Nanda and Febio Rizki who gives me attention and support when I was completing this paper.

• My lovely friends, Elva Rahmi and Yenni Tri Astuti, thanks for support and help that them give to me and this sweet friendship. I will treasure every moments that I have spent with them.

Finally, the writer realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. The writer hope who read this paper may gives critics and suggestions for making it better.

Medan, 2018

The writer

Anggia Rizki REG. No: 152202028

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...... i

ABSTRACT ...... iii

ABSTRAK ...... iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... vi

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 The Background of Study ...... 1

1.2 The Problem of Study ...... 4

1.3 The Purpose of Study ...... 4

1.4 The Scope of Study ...... 5

1.5 The Method of Study ...... 5

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ...... 6

2.1 Figurative Language ...... 6

2.1.1 Characteristic Features of Figurative Language ...... 8

2.2 Types of Figurative Language ...... 9

2.2.1 Hyperbole ...... 9

2.2.2 Metaphor ...... 10

2.2.3 Personification ...... 10

2.2.4 Simile ...... 11

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.2.5 Synecdoche ...... 12

2.2.6 Imagery ...... 13

2.2.7 Oxymoron ...... 14

2.2.8 Paradox ...... 14

2.2.9 Repetition ...... 15

2.3 Song ...... 16

CHAPTER III : DESCRIPTION ...... 18

3.1 Hyperbole ...... 18

3.2 Simile ...... 21

3.3 Metaphor ……………...... 22

3.4 Personification ...... 22

3.5 Imagery ...... 24

3.6 The Result of Analysis ...... 24

CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...... 26

4.1 CONCLUSION ...... 26

4.2 SUGGESTION ...... 26

BIBLIOGRAFY ...... 28

APPENDIX

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of Study

Language is the system of sound and word used by human to express, convey, share their thoughts, feelings, ideas and expression. In fact there are many language all over the world, one of the language is English. Almost all people know English, because English as an International

Language. So that, it is important for us to learn English. With language we can know about something of the world and we can learn language from reading books, magazine, internet or from of the song.

Language has an important role in people daily activities. As a human, people use language to communicate with each other. People cannot do their activities well without language. Futhermore, language is an important instrument of social interaction. Through language, someone can also express his or her feeling or idea. A language is a system of symbols through which people communicate. The symbol may be spoken, written or signed with the hands. “Language is a unique human in heritance that play the very important role in human‟s life, such as in thinking, communicating ideas and negotiating with others. (Siahaan (2008:1))”.

Language is the focus of study called linguistics. Linguistics has important roles to study language that include sounds, the arrangement of words, and meaning. Linguistics is concerned with identifying the meaningfull elements of specific language. Linguistics also deals with the meanings expressed by modulations of a speaker‟s voice and the processes by with hearers and

1 1 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA readers relate new informations to the information they already have. One of the branch of linguistics that study of meaning is semantics.

“Semantics is the sistemstic study of meanings (Kredlerin (1998:3) )”. Language is used to express meaning: They are two types of meaning, they are literal and non-literal meaning.

Literal meaning is when the speaker purely means what he actually speaks to listener. But non- literal meaning is not the speaker actually means when he speak. He has hidden the meaning in this words. Meaning not only from what we have heard and read at once, but also by interpreting the intended meaning or hidden mening behind it based on the context situation. In this paper, the writer will discuss about non-literal meaning that is figurative language.

Majas (figur of speech) dibedakan dari stye „gaya‟ (Djajasudarma (2008:20) ). Untuk mengkrongkritkan dan menghidupkan karangan, pengarang dapat menggunakan majas. Arti majas di perboleh jika notasi kata atau ungkapan di ahlikan dan mencakupi jeda dengan notasi lain bersamaan dengan atau pikiran lain majas mampu menghimbau indra pembaca karena sering lebih kongkrit daripada ungkapan harafiah. Lagi pula, majas sering lebih ringkas daripada yang terungkap dalam kata biasa. “It means that figurative Language is a way of expressing typically throught language that show the spirit and personality of author or the user language. Figurative Language usually used by poet because figurative language can say what the poet would like to say in interesting expression than say it directly or in a flat way. Figurative

Language makes a poerty and poem becomes more imaginative and attrative , not only in poerty and poem, we can find figurative language in the song also.

According to Pickering, James & Hoeper, Jeffry (1981.01:307) state that “Literature is a uniquely human activity, born of man‟s timeless desire to understand, express and finally share

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA experiences.” Song is one of the litery work. A song as a part of literary work that use figurative language and ambiguously words. Song is one of the ways to express someone‟s feeling, hard and experienced. Song writers express their feeling by using a play of words and language to create an attractiveness to the song‟s lyrics. Song become a part of human life and stick in their mind, because the song is easy to be found and the lyrics can be a interesting way to express the feeling. Song can be found in television, radio or download from smartphone. You can hear the song while you go to a garden, market or coffee shop, ect. Song is not only to entertain, but also can inpire people with the music and the lyric. There are many expressions that song writer make from their song, such as and song, love song, inspire song and many more that make the people easy to express the feeling. Sometimes, when someone is sad and feeling down in their life, they will listen to the happy song which can change their mood.

Song is a single (and often standalone) work of music intended to be sung by the human voice with distinct and fixed pitches and patterns using sound and silence and a variety of forms that often include the repetition of sections.

A songwriter or poet sometimes uses connotative and figurative language to make appeals and the specifics of the song lyrics. The listeners can have different interpretations for each lyric depend on the background of the listenes or their knowledge. Song writers create a song with a beautiful words choose certain words to present the imagination. Some songs writers will prevent the use of the usual words to write a lyrics because it will not attract the listener to imagine and reveal the message between the songs. Figurative language will produce interesting meaning, but difficult to be interpreted in literary sense completely and perfectly. Figurative language cannot be separated from writer‟s ways to technique to express, reflect, and describe his or her song lyrics.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In this paper, the writer interested in analyzing the figurative language found in song lyrics. Because the song writer expresses his ideas and feelings through the songs. The ideas and feelings become difficult to understand because the composes has adopted figurative language to beautify his lyrics.

Maroon 5 is group music pop rock. The group band Maroon 5 was born in California,

United States of America. The first group born in 1997 with names Kara‟s Flower when they are study in senior hight school with the member are Adam Levine, Mickey Madden, Jesse

Carmichael and Ryan Dusick and then they was agree for Reprise Record and next there have

Album with names The Fourth World in 1997. After they are famous and many fans like them.

The band it spaceself from the record label them and after they are sign in university in 2001, the band was back and there have one new member James Valentine with the names group Maroon

Many people like with Maroon 5‟s song, because besidesly of the song lyrics of Maroon

5 used is easy to understand about the message of the lyrics. So mostly the people like Maroon 5 and the writer like to used the Maroon 5 album in this paper study to analysis of this study.

1.2 The Problem of Study

Based on the background above,The writer focuses the study on this main problems:

1. What is the types of figurative language used in Maroon 5‟s Album?

2. What is the dominant type of figurative language used in Maroon 5‟s Album?

1.3 The Purpose of Study

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The purpose of the study are described below, they are: 1. To find out the types of figurative language used in Maroon 5‟s Album.

2. To find out the dominant types of figurative language used in Maroon 5‟s Album.

1.4 The Scope of Study

The scope of study is limited to figurative language used in Maroon 5‟s Album. The analysis of this study is focused on figurative language in type of hyperbole, metaphor, personification, simile, paradox and describe of each types of figurative language in Maroon 5‟s

Album. They are 5 songs that will be the analysed they are: daylight, ladykiller, fortune teller, beautiful goodbye and lips on you.

1.5 The Method Study

The writer will take data from resources Maroon 5‟s Album. The method of study is the library research by reading and studying some books which are concerned with problems and to collect the theories. Besides that, the writer will also search sources in internet to enrich information which is related to the topic to find out the types of figurative languages in order to analyze the meaning of each figurative language.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Figurative Language

Figurative language is a beautiful language used to make an imaginative impression to the listeners or audience both orally or in writing on the other hand figurative language is an imagination that has more then one meaning and cannot be interpreted literary. “Figurative

Language is a conspicuous departure from what users of a language apprehend as the standartd meaning of words, or else the standard order of words, in order to achieve some special meaning or effect (Abrams (1999:96))”. Figures are sometimes described as primaliry poetic, but they are integral to the functioning of language and indispensable to all modes of discourse. It means that figurative language is a conspicuous departure from what users of language apprehend as the standard meaning of words, or else the standard orders of words, in order to achieve some special meaning or effect.

Figurative language often provide a more effective means of saying what the song writer and poet mean that direct statement. In the specifics sense, figurative language may take the form of figures of speech. Style especially figurative languages know in rethoric is tyle. Style derived from the Latin word stylus that is kind of tool to write on a slab lily. Skill using this toll will effect the clarity of that. At press time emphasis on skills to write beautifully, then the sytle and turn into the ability and skill to write or use words beautifully.

Because of these developments, figurative languages or style becomes an issue or part of the diction the question whether the use of the word fist, flavor or specific clause to deal with the

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA situation. Therefore, covers all issues style hierarchy of Language: individual choice of words

(diction), phrases, clauses, sentences and even embraces the discourse overall. So, reach of figurative language actually is very broad, not only includes the elements of the sentence elements that contain specific motifs, such as those commonly found in classical rhetoric.

There are so many types of figurative language such as: metaphor, simile, symbols, hyperbola, ironi, etc. But in general the figurative language is defferentiated into three groups, they are: comparison (perumpaan, kiasan, penginsanan), opposition (hiperbol, litotes, ironi), and linkages (metonimia, sinekdoke, kiasan, eufemisme). These figurative language are most important, (Djajasudarma (2008:20) ).

Figurative languages is broadly defined as anyway of saying something other than ordinary way. It is more narrowly definable as a way of saying one things and meaning another.

The readers and writers properly utilize superior style to explain the ideas of the classical rhetorical them. Means of classical rhetoric has been used by the Roman Cicero and Suetonius novelist who wears figura in the sense of “shadows, images, allusions, allegories, (Perrine

(1982:61)). “Gaya bahasa merupakan cara untuk mengekspresikan biasanya berpikiran melalui bahasa yang menujukkan semangat dan kepribadian penulis atau bahasa pengguna, (Meanwhlie,

Keraf (2009:113))”.

(Djajasudarma (2008:20)), states that Majas dapat membuat bingung indra pembaca karena majas menggukan suatu kata dengan makna tertentu dan majas sering lebih singkat daripadanya yang diungkapkan dalam kata biasa. This means that figurative language uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA According to Prof.Dr.H.G.Tarigan figure language is a way of expressing the mind through language that typically shows the soul and personality of the writer.

(Zainuddin (1992:51)), states that majas (gaya bahasa) adalah pemakaian ragam bahasa dalam mewakili atau melukiskan sesuatu dengan pemilihan dan penyusunan kata dalam kalimat untuk memperoleh efek tertentu. This is clear that figurative language usually uses beautiful words to get some certain effects which makes it more attractive.

Figurative meaning is derived from the literal and can be discovered by discovering the nature of substitution of the metaphorical for the literal. One implication of this assumption is that metaphoric interpretations involve recovering the original literal expression for which for metaphor substitutes, (Glucksberg (2001:8)) .

From the explanation above, it can be concluded that figurative language is the way the author or writer express this throughts and the inner feelings. The specificity of figurative language in the choice of words an author who is able to touch and take the minds and feelings of the reader or listener.

2.1.1 Characteristic features of figurative language

“Zainuddin (1992:52), states that there Characteristic feature of figurative language” they are as follow:

1. There is difference with something that is revealed, for example exaggerate, unfold,

symbolize, shrink, quip, or repetition.

2. Sentences are arranged with interesting words and beautiful.

3. Gennerally has a figurative meaning.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.2 Types of Figurative Language

According to Zainuddin (1992:52), “figurative language consist of 19 figurative languages”. Meanwhile, Djajasudarma states that the most important figurative language consist of 10 figurative language. In this paper, the writer explains nine types of them. They are hyperbole, metaphor, personification, simile, synecdoche, imagery, oxymoron, paradox and repitition.

They are several kinds of figurative languages, as follow:

2.2.1 Hyperbole

According to Djajasudarma (2008:21), “hiperblola ialah ungkapan yang melebih kebihi maksud yang sebenarnya dikmaksudkan: jumlahnya, ukurannya, atau sifatnya”. Its mean that hyperbole is a kind of style that contains an overstatement, to exaggerate something.

Besidely,“hiperbola adalah gaya yang mengungkapkan sesuatu dengan cara melebih-lebihkan dengan tujuan untuk menggerakkan hati (Zainuddin (1999:54))”. Its means that hyperbole is tyle that reveals something with exaggearated exceds what is actually meant.

For example:

1. You snore louder than a freight train.

This statement is overstattement. This sentence explains that sound of someone‟s score is louder than a freight train. In fact sound a freight train is very loud.

Based on the expert‟s opinion and example above, it can be concluded that hyperbole is figurative language which express about something with exaggerated, so it does not correspond to the actual reality.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.2.2 Metaphor

According to Keraf (2009:139), metaphor is a kind of analogy that compares two things directly, but in form that brief. Metaphor as direct comparisons do not use the word: as, tubs, like, and so on, so that the first principal directly connected with the principal second fact.

Process the same as simile but gradually equations and basic information about the first eliminated.

According to Zainuddin (1992:52), metafor adalah melukiskan sesuatu dengan cara membandingkan sesuatu yang sudah diketahui.

For Example:

1. He has a heart of stone.

In the example above, there is a comparison between he as a human with a heart of stone.

Based on the expert‟s opinion and example above, it can be concluded that metaphor is a bit similar to simile, a sentence which compares two things but without “like” and as.

2.2.3 Personification

Zainuddin (1992:53), tells that personification ialah melukiskan sesuatu (benda mati) digambarkan seperti yang dilakukan manusia atau seperti benda hidup. It means that personification is a kind of style of figurative language depicting inanimate objects or goods that do not anime as if it has the properties of human nature. Meanwhile, Lingga (2007:15) states that personification adalah representasi dari benda mati atau ide-ide abstrak sebagai makhluk hidup.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Its mean that personifications is a “representation of innamate object or abstract ideas as living beings.

In additions, Abrams (1999:99) says that personification, or in the Greektern, prosopopeia, in which either an innamate object or an abstract concept, spoken of as though it were endowed with life or with human attributes or feelings (compare pathetic fallacy).

For Example:

1. The sun played hide and seek with the clouds.

In this sentence, there is word “the sun” which is innanimate do act like human is played hide and seek.

From some experts‟s opinion and example above, it can be concluded that personification is kind of figurative language that function to describe an innanimate object as if it has properties or cappabilities as human.

2.2.4 Simile

According to Montgomery, Durant, fabb, Furniss and Mills (2007:1190, simile is a subdivision or metaphor in that, as its name suggests, it draws attention to a similarity between two terms through words such as “like and „as‟”. Simile does not, strictly speaking, always entail figurative language, since both terms of a simile can often be understood literally.

Meanwhile, according to Perrine (1982:261) simile is the explicit comparison of two things, indicates by the word or phrase such as like, as, than, similar, resemble or seems. In

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA addition, Abrams (1999:97) states that “simile is a comparison between two distinctly different things is explicity indicated by the word “like” or “as”.

For example:

1. They fought like cats and dogs.

This example shows comparison between their fought with cat and dog. This example also uses “like” as simile is characteristics.

From the expert‟s opinion and example above, it can be concluded that simile was comparison that is explicit, between two things using conjunction. They are like, as than, similae, resemble or seems.

2.2.5 Synecdoche

Montgomery, Durant, Fabb, Furniss and Mills (2007:1200, states that synecdoche (Greek or „taking togerther‟) is a sub-branch of metonymy. It occurs when the association between the figurative and literal senses is that of a part to the whole to which it belongs.

In addition, Zainuddin (1992:54), states that sinekdose ialah mengemukakan seluruh benda dengan cara menyebutkan bagian bagian atau sebagian saja, atau sebaliknya menyebutkan keseluruhan dengan maksud sebagian saja. Penyebutan sebagian untuk seluruh disebut Pars Pro toto,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Penyebutan seluruh untuk sebagian disebut Tolem Pro Parte. Meanwhile, Djajasudma

(2008;220 states that sinekdok ialah majas yang menyebutkan nama bagian pengganti nama keseluharannya.

For Example:

1. The foodball game was won by Iran.

In this sentence, it doesn‟t mean all teams or the whole of Iran but one of the Iran team.

Based on experts‟s opinion and example above, it can be concluded that synecdoche is a term for a part of something that refers to the whole of something.

2.2.6 Imagery

Djajasudarma (2008:20), perumpamaan adalah bandingan dua hal yang pada hakikatnya berlainan dan yang dengan sengaja kita anggap sama. Perbandingan secara eksplisit dijelaskan dengan pemakaian seperti, sebagai, ibarat, umpama, bak, laksana. It means that imagery is compare two things that in literally is different and usually used “like, suppose, as, tub”.

For Example:

1. Seperti gajah masuk kampung

This sentence means that someone has a power of doing somehing in his own way to the weak people.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Based on experts opinion and example above, it can be concluded that imagery a vivid mental picture or physical sensation.

2.2.7 Oxymoron

According to Oxford Dictionary, Oxymoron is a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction. Meanwhile, An oxymoron, according to Wbster, is a combination of contradictory words, such as “sweet sadness” or “military intelligence”.

“Tempera-ture fluctuation” is an oxymoroon because the consistent and consentual definition of temperature admits no fluctuation.

For Example:

“I find no peace, and all my war is done I fear and hope, I burn and reeze like ice, I flee above the wind, yet can I not arise,” The contradicting ideas of “war...peace”, “burn....freeze”, and “flee above... not rire” produce a dramatic effect in the abve mentioned lines.

From experts‟s opinion and example above, it can be concluded that oxymoroon is using phrases that do not make sense logically, its purpose is to give dramatic effect, adding pain in word, for entertainment.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.2.8 Paradox

Platt (2009:3), states that the paradox is not only a constracdicting or suprising opinion

(out of the ordinary or shocking). It is implies a passing to the extrence, a short of

“maximization”, as is said in logic nowadays. It is in reality a hyperbolic movement by which the equivalence of contraries is established the contraries themselves pushed to extreme, in principle infinite, of contrariety. That is why the formula for the paradox is always that of double superlative: the more mad it is, the more wise it is, the maddlest is the wisest. Paradox is defined by the infinite exchange, or the hyperbolic identify of contraries.

Meanwhile, according to Wikipedia the paradox is an anomalous juxtapolisition of incongrous ideas for the sake of striking exxposition or unexpected insight. It function as a method of literary composition – and analysis – which involves examining apparently contradictory statements and drawing conclusions either to reconcile them or to explain their presence.

For Example:

1. You can‟t save money by spending it.

In this sentence, there is conflicting values between the phrase. “save” abd “spending”.

The contradiction of both phrases is often to make the person who heard the sentence is confused. However, If examined more deeply, the contradiction can actually reinforce the meaning to confeyed.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Based on some experts‟s opinion and the example above, it can be concluded that paradox is not just a wity or amusing statement. Paradoxes have serios implications in th world of litearture, because they make statements that often sum up the main ideas of the work.

2.2.9 Repetition

According to Wikipedia, Repetition is the simple repeating of a word, within a sentence or a poetical line, with no particular placement of the words, in order to scure emphasis. This is such as common literary device that it is almost never even noted as a figure of speech. It also has connotations to listing for effect and is used commenly by famous poets. Meanwhile,

According to Askarova (2015), Repetition is the simple repeating of a word, within a sentence or a poetical line, with no particlar placement of the words, in order to secure emphasis. This is such a common literary device that it is almost never even noted as a figure of speech.

For Example:

1. He continues to study, study, and study only to persue outstanding student scholarship.

In this sentence, we can see the repeating of a word “study”

Based on some experts‟s opinion and the example above, it can be concluded the Repetition is repeating of a word which among them are still related to each other.

2.3 Song

A song is a single (and often standalone) work of music intended to be sung by the human voice with distinct and fixed pitches and patterns using sound and silence and a variety of forms that often include the repetition of sections.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Song is a single work of music that typically to be sung by someone which is usually accompained by music instruments to produce music that contains rhytm or rhythmic sound.

Written words made spesifically for music or for which music spesifically made, are called lyric.

A song may be for a solo singer, duet, trio or larger ensemble involving more voices in harmony that usually called choir. A song is a piece of music accompained or unaccompained be vouce or voices, where the performance of song is called a singer or vocalist, the act or art is called singing. Songs may also appear in play, musical plays, stage shows of any form and within operas.

Song is the common thing in people daily activity because sog can give various impact to the hearer because song has a meaning in each sentences. According to Oxford Dictionary (03 ed) song is short piece of music with words that you sing. Songs can be categorieed in many genres such as: pop, rock, jazz, latin, country and many more.

In song we can find lyrics. According tp free dictionary online (dictionary.com) song is having the form and musical quality of a song., and especially the character of a songlike out pouring of the poet‟s ownthoughts and feelings, as distinguished from epic and dramatic poetry.

The lyrics of song are typically of poetic, rhyming nature, though they may be religious verses or free prose.

It is important to take a broad view of songs. They consist not only of the lyrics and the tune, but also of all the contexts in which how a song is created, experienced, produced, and consumed. These contexts include such things as where the song was perfomed and by whom, the audience for it, and the technology that produced it and prenserved it for us to appreciate.

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CHAPTER III DESCRIPTION

3.1 Hyperbole

Hyperbole is an expression that exaggerates something or extravagant statement to create a strong emotional esponse.

In the song entitle “Daylight” the expression of figurative language in terms of hyperbole have been found each three hyperboles, in the songs “Ladykiller” and “Lips On You” have been found each two hyperbole, in the songs “Fortune Teller” have been found each one hyperbole and than in the songs “Beautiful Goodbye” have been found each five hyperbole. They are:

1) But to night I‟m gonna hold you so close

The songwriter used sentence “I’m gonna hold you so close” that shows we know that

when someone to hold someone so far his/her a hold so close. So it is impossible if

someone could hold his/her don‟t close, its too exaggerated.

2) Cause in the daylight we‟ll be on our own

This piece of lyric is hyperbole we can see from in the sentence “cause in the daylihght

we’ll be on our own” we know that if them always together whenever and whereever

they have been feeling alone because they was not alone, but they have been together. So

it is impossible if them feel alone. So it is too exaggerated.

3) The sky getting bright, the stars are burning out

The sentence about shows figurtive language of hyperbole, because the songwriter used

the word “sky” and “stars” it is the shows a feeling of the songwriter at the moment,

18 18

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA when a songwriter wrote a song in the night alone he has accompained by sky and stars.

So it is a expression of hyperbole of the song.

4) Baby she‟ll break your heart

It containts on expression of hyperbole, because of the lyric piece shows exaggerated

statement or something sound amay or more. We can see the songwriter used the

sentence above it. That shows how the break of heart when the songwriter wrote a song

also this can‟t really happen in real feeling because is not reallistics.

5) Baby she‟ll eat you like

The songwriter used the sentence “baby she’ll eat you like” that shows we know that the

man eat a food or vegetable dont a man. So it is impossible if he has wont to eat the man.

Maybe the songwriter wrote this song on the feeling sad and worried of his loved. So it is

too exaggerated.

6) When you down me in questions

The sentence above shows figurative language of hyperbole. As we know, question

being in the space. We just can learn it because it‟s far away in the person to ask a

someone. It is impossible if someone can drown a person of the question. So it is too

exaggerated.

7) And I remember your eyes were so break

This sentence is hyperbole. We can see from the sentence “your eyes were so break”. We

know that so break only for to light and feeling do not to eyes. If a someone see the sky

or light maybe he has can said above it. But for eyes it is impossible if a someone have

been eyes so break. The songwriter used the sentence only for addition of this word so

that the listener to be sympaty of the song and that is a expression of hyperbole.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 8) And now I‟m kissing your tears goodnight

The sentence above of figurative language of hyperbole. As we know that if a someone

give a kiss for someone it is reallistic. But if a someone kissing of tears it‟s impossible

because tears only an expression of a person when he has feeling sad of something. But

in the sentence the songwriter only wrote of the lyric for as axpression at the moment

when the songwriter wrote of the song. So it is too exaggerated.

9) Your even perfect when you cry

It containts an expression of hyperbole, because of the lyric piece shows exaggerated

statement or something sound may or more. We can see the songwriter used the sentence,

that show how the feel of the situation. Maybe when a songwriter wrote the song he has

feel anggry and sad of a someone, so the songwriter wrote the sentence as the feel her for

a someone. The sentence of “your even perfect when your cry” in this word “perfect”

and “cry” it is impossible if a someone can seem a perfect whe he has feel sad or crying.

Its characteristic of hyperbole. So it is too exaggerated.

10) And let „em go, let‟em fly

The songwriter used figurative language of hyperbole, we can see this word “go” and

“fly”. As we know that, if a someone going to around its logic but if a someone let to

fly that his fly on sky don‟t on the around it so its impossible if a someone with to gether

to go and fly. So it is too exaggerated.

11) Holding back won‟t turn back time

The sentence above figurative language of hyperbole, because the songwriter used the

sentence “holding back won’t turn back time”. As we know that, time is money, so many

people make and used time very important because time dont to back again for it. But

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA this lyric of the song, the songwriter used the word “holding” and “turn” as a

charactheristic of hyperbole. As we know that time cant do holding but time is around of

this time its unlogically but turn is logic because time can turn dont holding. So it is too

exaggerated.

12) You feel the shivers go up and down

The sentence above figurative language of hyperbole, because the songwriter used the

sentence “you feel the shiver go up and down”. As we know that feel can the feeling as a

angry, sad, happy, and worry but don‟t to go up and down. So it is impossible if a person

can feel the shiver go up and down. So it is too exaggerated.

13) I hear your voice echoing all through the night for me

It containts an expression of hyperbole, because of the lyric piece shows exaggerated

statement or something feeling and sound may or more. We can see the songwriter used

the sentence, that show of the feel on the situation. May be when a songwriter wrote of

song on feel sad or worry of the moment on the night. So its impossible if a someone can

hear of the voice on the heart with echoing on alone because not is reallistic.

3.2 Simile

A simile is figurative language that involving the comparison of one thing with another things of a different kind used to make a description more empathic or vivid.

In the song entitle, “Lady killer” have been found each one simile. They are:

1) It‟s like a cheap thriller

The piece of lyric categorized as simile, because here there is an expression of using wrd

like as an element of simile. “Its like a cheap thriller” here means someting feel, the

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA songwriter used the cheap thriller here, the cheap thriller is a away that classified as a

feeling away so for who smells is will feel angry or sad.

3.3 Metaphor

A metaphor is described as a figurative language the makes a comparison between two things that are basically dissimilar. In other words, it describes one thing in terms of another.

In the song entitle “Lips on you” have been found each one metaphor. Thay are:

1) Like I was your shadow

Like I was your shadow is metaphor, the shadow does not literally mean that man or seem on

the eyes like you seem a someone with like a man or something which on of someone. Its

mean that, shadow can fond out or seem when he has on the feel emotion about something.

3.4 Personification

Personification is when you give human qualities to an object or animal. In the song entitle Daylight” has been found each two personifications. “Fourtune Teller” has been found each three personalifications and in the song “Beautiful Goodbye” have been found each one personification. They are:

1) And whe the daylight comes I‟ll have to go

The piece of lyric shows figurative language of personification because from the lyric

piece, we can see that her (daylight) is treated like human being can go and come on the

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA moment. The daylight just to described of feel about something. So that the sentence of

lyris is can do described as if had human character and than that is a figurative language

of personification.

2) Cause I know, whe the sun comes up

The contents an expression of personification because of the lyric piece show that sun

camoes up but in fact the songwriter wrote the sentence to explain of that feeling about

something so the songwriter make do sentence to described what he has feeling within

used the sententance “sun comes up” as if had human character. So the sentence of lyric

is figurative language of personification.

3) And as the seasons roll by, no matter how hard I try

The piece of lyric shows figurative language of personification because in the sentence

“the seasons roll by” it‟s mean that, the sentence used a figurative language of

personification to explain about something feel. The seasons described as if had human

character.

4) Summer will end and the leavesr will turn again

The containts an expression of personification because from the lyric piece, we can see

that leaves is treated like human can give turn. Leaves is kind of part of tree as human

which on life on the seasons. In fact that leaves, can‟t turn again It is clear this piece of

lyric belong to personification because the lightning bugs described as if it had human-

character.

5) Yeah we got knocked off course by natural fores

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA It contains an expression of personification. The songwriter is giving the human character

to “got knocked off course by natural fores” saying that it‟s growing feel. In fact, he is

trying to say that it‟s getting feel something.

6) This feeling keeps growing

It contains an expression of personification. The songwriter is giving the human character

to “this feeling keeps growing” saying that it‟s growing feel. In fact, he is trying to say

that it‟s getting feel something.

3.5 Imagery

Imagery is compare two things that in literally is different and usually used “like, suppose, as, tub”.

In the song entitlle “Lady Killer” had been found each one imagery. They are:

1) She‟s such a ladykiller

This piece of lyric is imagery, we can see from it the sentence “she’s such a

ladykiller” we know that what the mean but the songwriter used the sentence to

saying something of growing. So it is an statement of figurative language of

imagery.

3.6 The Result of Analysis

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA This is the result of analysis of figurative language found in Maroon 5‟s Album. Through this, we know how many cases each type of figurative language has based on their rank from the most dominant type to less one.

There are 22 data found in Maroon 5‟s Album on the five song entitled. Below is the number of data in each type of figurative language:

1. Hyperbole : 13 data

2. Simile : 1 data

3. Metaphor : 1 data

4. Personification : 6 data

5. Imagery : 1 data

Here is the percentage of each type of figurative language:

1. hyperbole :

2. Simile :

3. Metaphor :

4. Personification :

5. Imagery :

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Based on data and percentage above, we can see that hyperbole has the dominant (69%) and personification has the dominant (27.2%) element of figurative language, followed by simile, metaphor and imagery (4.5%).

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Chapter IV

Conclusion and suggestion

4.1 Conclusion

After analyzing the data from Maroon 5 album, it is found that figurative language can give special effect to beautify and intensity further meaning to relaed particular message in lyric.

The lyrics of those songs generally involves constructed figurative language the writer. It is found that there are 22 elements of figurative language in 5 songs of Maroon 5 album. They are

13 hyperbole, 1 simile, 6 personification and 1 metaphor, 1 imagery. The type of hyperbole, personification and metaphor mostly found in it is form counterfactual expression, while the type of silime and imagery mostly found after it. It seems this style is the main device in conveying the message through the lyrics.

4.2 Suggestion

Figurative language proves the importance of diction to contribute to both music and singer globally. Music can give a spirit to a person. It is used in caffe to create a calm atmosphere. It is also used in theater or dance in order to create feeling of beauty. It plays an important role in education, psychology and commercial adversiting. The form and styles may vary from to one another based on the songwriter‟s knowledge and experience but essentially music is universal since it is easily accepted by many people in many places or around the world.

The writer would like to suggest that the English students should analyze figurative language in songs because the writer thinks that figurative language is an interesting subject to study and analyse as well. In figurative language the words have other meanings from the literal

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA one. That is why the writer thinks it is very important for the English students who to study more about figurative language. In analyzing a figurative language, a writer should pay much attention to the context to get the proper message.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams M.H. 1999. A Glossary of Literary Term (07 edition). United States of America: Thomson Learning.

Askarova, S.A. Repition In The Language Of Poetics: Features Of Authorial Usage. Accesed April 26, 2018.

Batubara, Febtimahani. Definition of Literature Based On Expert. Accessed April 28, 2018, from http://oaji.net/articles/2015/245-1438772718.pdf

Djajasudarma, T. Fatimah. 2008. Semantik 2 Pemahaman Ilmu Makna. Bandung: Refika.

Irfanto, Fadli. Figurative Languages. Accessed August 18, 2018.

Kreidler, Charles W. 1998. Introducing English Semantics. New York: Routledge.

Kittel. 1998. Temperature Fluctuation: An Oxymoron. University of California: American Institute of Physics.

Montgomery, Alan Durant, Nigel Fabb, Tom Furniss and Sara Mills. 2007. Ways of Reading (03 edition). United States of America: Routledge.

Platt, Pater G.2009. Shakespeare and the Culture of Paradox. England: Ashgate.

Siahaan, Sanggam 2008. Issues in Lingustics. Pematangsiantar: Graha Ilmu.

Paradox (literature). Accessed August 28, 2018, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox.

Repetition (rhetorical device). Accessed August 28, 2018, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repetition

Zainuddin. 1992. Materi Pokok Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Zaeful Nafa, Muhammad. “Oxymoron, what is it?” . Accessed 28 August 2018, from https://indonesiawafa.wordpress.com/2013/09/30/oxymoron-what-is-it/universitassumaterautara

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BIOGRAPHY MAROON 5

Maroon 5 is an American pop rock band from Los Angeles, California. It currently consists of lead vocalist Adam Levine, keyboardist and rhythm guitarist Jesse Carmichael, bassist Mickey Madden, lead guitarist James Valentine, drummer Matt Flynn, keyboardist PJ Morton and multi- instrumentalist Sam Farrar. Original members Levine, Carmichael, Madden and drummer Ryan Dusick first came together as Kara's Flowers in 1994, while they were still in high school. After self-releasing their independent album We Like Digging?, the band signed to Reprise Records and released the album The Fourth World in 1997. The album garnered a tepid response, after which the record label dropped the band and the members focused on college.

In 2001, the band remerged as Maroon 5, pursuing a different direction and adding guitarist Valentine. The band signed with a subsidiary of J Records, Octone Records, and released their debut album Songs About Jane in June 2002. Aided by its lead single "Harder to Breathe", which received heavy airplay, the album peaked at number six on the Billboard 200 chart, and went platinum in 2004. The band won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 2005. In 2006, Dusick left the band after suffering from serious wrist and shoulder injuries and was replaced by Matt Flynn.

The band's second album, It Won't Be Soon Before Long was released in May 2007. It reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart and the lead single, "Makes Me Wonder", became the band's first number one single on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2010, the band released their third album Hands All Over, to mixed reviews, re-releasing a year later to include the single "Moves like Jagger", which topped the Billboard Hot 100. In 2012, Carmichael left the group and was replaced by musician PJ Morton, as the band released their fourth album, Overexposed, with the song "One More Night", topping the Billboard Hot 100 chart for nine consecutive weeks.

In 2014, Carmichael rejoined the band along with Morton to record their fifth album V (pronounced: "five"), with the band signed a new label, Interscope Records and Levine's own label 222 Records. Following the release of V, it reached number one on the Billboard 200 chart. In 2016, Maroon 5 recruited their long-time collaborator and former Phantom Planet member

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Sam Farrar, as the band continued with their sixth album Red Pill Blues, was released in November 2017, with the single "Girls Like You" peaking at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the band's fourth number one single. Maroon 5 has sold more than 100 million singles and 20 million albums, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists.

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MAROON 5’S SONG LYRICS

Daylight

Here I am waiting

I'll have to leave soon

Why am I holding on?

We knew this day would come

We knew it all along

How did it come so fast?

This is our last night but it's late

And I'm trying not to sleep

'Cause I know, when I wake, I will have to slip away

And when the daylight comes I'll have to go

But tonight I'm gonna hold you so close

'Cause in the daylight we'll be on our own

But tonight I need to hold you so close

Here I am staring

At your perfection

In my arms, so beautiful

The sky is getting bright,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The stars are burning out

Somebody slow it down

This is way too hard, 'cause I know

When the sun comes up I will leave

This is my last glance that will soon be memory

And when the daylight comes I'll have to go

But tonight I'm gonna hold you so close

'Cause in the daylight we'll be on our own

But tonight I need to hold you so close

I never want it to stop

Because I don't wanna start all over

Start all over

I was afraid of the dark

But now it's all that I want

All that I want, all that I want

And when the daylight comes I'll have to go

But tonight I'm gonna hold you so close

'Cause in the daylight we'll be on our own

But tonight I need to hold you so close

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

And when the daylight comes I'll have to go

But tonight I'm gonna hold you so close

'Cause in the daylight we'll be on our own

But tonight I need to hold you so close

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Ladykiller

Baby it's not alright

The second that you turn your back she'll be outta sight

Baby she'll break your heart, the second that you spend the night apart

How could you do it? Oh, how could you walk away from everything we made?

How could you do it? Oh, you better watch yourself

I think that girl's insane

Ooooh

She's in it just to win it

Don't trust her for a minute

Ooooh

It's like a cheap thriller

She's such a ladykiller

Baby she'll eat you alive, as soon as she smells your blood in the water

You better run to survive, before she makes you her latest slaughter

How could you do it? Oh, just come back to me, baby I'm begging please

How could you do it? Oh she knows I love you still, you're just her latest kill.

Ooooh

She's in it just to win it

Don't trust her for a minute

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Ooooh

It's like a cheap thriller

She's such a ladykiller

Ooooh

She's in it just to win it

Don't trust her for a minute

Ooooh

It's like a cheap thriller

She's such a ladykiller

Ooooh

She's in it just to win it

Don't trust her for a minute

Ooooh

It's like a cheap thriller

She's such a ladykiller

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Fortune Teller

I'm not a fortune teller

I won't be bringing news of what tomorrow brings

I'll leave that up to you

I'm not a fortune teller

Don't have a crystal ball

I can't predict the future

Can't see nothing at all

It doesn't mean I'm afraid

Of all the things that you say

But I just think we should stay

Stuck in the moment today

And as the seasons roll by

No matter how hard I try

Summer will end and the leaves will turn again

I don't know why you're acting like this

I don't know why you had to do it again

Why'd you have to go and ruin the night?

Don't worry about tomorrow's mess

I'll never know

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA How the future will go

I don't know what to tell you,

I'm not a fortune teller

I'll never change,

But I want you to stay

I don't know what to tell you,

I'm not a fortune teller

I don't like watching TV

I don't know what it all means

And your american dream,

Baby, it just isn't me

I know that what I'm thinking

May not be on your mind

I know the song I'm singing

Is not your favorite kind

It doesn't mean I'm afraid

Of all the things that you say

But I just think we should stay

Stuck in the moment today

And as the seasons roll by

No matter how hard I try

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Summer will end and the leaves will turn again

I don't know why you're acting like this

I don't know why you had to do it again

Why'd you have to go and ruin the night?

Don't worry about tomorrow's mess

I'll never know

How the future will go

I don't know what to tell you,

I'm not a fortune teller

I'll never change,

But I want you to stay

I don't know what to tell you,

I'm not a fortune teller

This feeling keeps growing,

These rivers keep flowing.

How can I have answers when you drown me in questions?

I'll never know

How the future will go

I don't know what to tell you,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA I'm not a fortune teller

I'll never change,

But I want you to stay

I don't know what to tell you,

I'm not a fortune teller

I'll never know

How the future will go

I don't know what to tell you,

I'm not a fortune teller

I'll never change,

But I want you to stay

I don't know what to tell you,

I'm not a fortune teller

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Beautiful Goodbye

I count the ways I let you down

On my fingers and toes but I'm running out

Clever words can't help me now

I grip you tight but you're slipping out

And I remember your eyes were so bright

When I first met you, so in love that night

And now I'm kissing your tears goodnight

And I can't take it, you're even perfect when you cry

Beautiful goodbye (bye-bye, bye-bye)

It's dripping from your eyes (bye-bye, bye-bye)

Your beautiful goodbye (bye-bye, bye-bye)

It's dripping from your eyes (bye-bye, bye-bye)

Oh yeah

When did the rain become a storm?

When did the clouds begin to form?

Yeah, we got knocked off course by a natural force

And we'll, we'll be swimming when it's gone

And I remember your eyes were so bright

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA When I first met you, so in love that night

And now I'm kissing your tears goodnight

And I can't take it, you're even perfect when you cry

Beautiful goodbye (bye-bye, bye-bye)

It's dripping from your eyes (bye-bye, bye-bye)

Your beautiful goodbye (bye-bye, bye-bye)

It's dripping from your eyes (bye-bye, bye-bye)

Oh yeah

All the pain you try to hide

Shows through your mascara lines

As they stream down from your eyes

And let them go, let them fly

Holding back won't turn back time

Believe me, I've tried

Your eyes were so bright

And I remember your eyes were so bright

When I first met you, how in love were we that night?

And now I'm kissing your tears goodnight

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA And I can't take it, you're even perfect when you cry

Beautiful goodbye (bye-bye, bye-bye)

It's dripping from your eyes (bye-bye, bye-bye)

Your beautiful goodbye (bye-bye, bye-bye)

It's dripping from your eyes (bye-bye, bye-bye)

Yeah

Beau... Oh, oh yeah

Hey, oh

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Lips On You

[Adam Levine & Matt Flynn:]

Keep me connected, to you

Like I was your shadow

You're givin' me answers

To all of my questions

Here on my pillow, oh

Can't nothing get in between us, baby

We've been waiting on this moment for so long

You wanna be reckless, restless

Right until tomorrow

Wait

[Adam Levine & Charlie Puth:]

When I put my lips on you

I feel the shivers go up and down

Your spine for me

Make you cry for me

When I put my lips on you

I hear your voice echoing all through the night for me

Baby cry for me

When I put my lips on you (when I, when I, when I)

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[Adam Levine & Matt Flynn:]

Just turn off the lights

And you could be my private dancer

When we close the curtains

You and me can forget all our manners

The neighbors must think we're crazy, baby

Cause look how easily we keep coming undone

You wanna be reckless, restless

Right until tomorrow

Wait

[Adam Levine & Charlie Puth:]

When I put my lips on you

I feel the shivers go up and down

Your spine for me

Make you cry for me

When I put my lips on you

I hear your voice echoing all through the night for me

Baby cry for me

When I put my lips on you (when I, when I, when I)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA When I put my lips on you (when I, when I, when I)

When I put my lips on you

I feel the shivers go up and down

Your spine for me

Make you cry for me

When I put my lips on you

I hear your voice echoing all through the night for me

Baby cry for me

When I put my lips on you (when I, when I, when I)

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