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HISTORY of COLUMBUS *MUSCOGEE* Georgia

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HISTORY of COLUMBUS *MUSCOGEE* Georgia www.gagenweb.org COPYRIGHT ELECTRONIC 2005 GEORGIAGENWEB.ORG www.gagenweb.org COPYRIGHT ELECTRONIC 2005 GEORGIAGENWEB.ORG CONTENTS CHAPTER I-A Center of Indian Life ................. Page 7 CHAPTER 11-Columbus is Laid Out ................. Page 24 CHAPTER 111-The Frontier Town ................... Page 39 CHAPTER IV-The Creek War ...................... Page 50 CHAPTER V-The City of Columbus .................. Page 63 CHAPTER VI-Georgia Military Headquarters for Mexican War of 1846 ...................... Page 74 CHAPTER VII-Industrial Progress ................... Page 79 CHAPTER VIII-States' Rights and Secession ............ Page 92 CHAPTER IX-A Confederate Center .................. Page 1 16 CHAPTER X-The Last Battle and the End of the War .... Page 131 CHAPTER XI-The Ashburn Case and the Fourteenth Amendment ........................Page 15 5 CHAPTER XII-Governor Smith From Columbus ........ Page 173 CHAPTER XIII-Industrial Recuperation .............. Page 192 CHAPTER XIV-A Military Center in 1898 ............. Page 2 15 CHAPTER XV-Twentieth Century Expansion ........... Page 225 CHAPTER XVI-Hydro-Electric Developments ......... Page 242 CHAPTER XVII-The Water Works Becomes a City Property ......................... Page 257 CHAPTER XVIII-Columbus During the World War .... Page 269 CHAPTER XIX-Fort Benning is Established ............. Page 280 CHAPTER, XX-Commission Government and City Expansion ........................ Page 291 CHAPTER XXI-The Centennial Closes a Century of Progress ......................... Page 3 12 CHAPTER XXII--Persons. Places. and Interesting Events . Page 342 www.gagenweb.org COPYRIGHT ELECTRONIC 2005 GEORGIAGENWEB.ORG INTRODUCTION BY A. W. COZART Schlegel says: "A historian is a prophet looking backwards." Voltaire said: "History is only the register of crimes and misfortunes." Robert G. Zngersoll said: "History is a chronological arrangement of events which rzever happened." Arzother defined it as "his story". All of these defi1zitiorz.r are wittier thalz wise aad triter than trzce. Car- lyle, in one breath, said: "History is a distillation of rumor", and i~ another breath, he sa,'.l: "History is the essence of biographies". In writing the History of Columbus, Nancy Telfair has kept in mind he lives of the great men and women who made Columbzcs. .She being related by consanguinity and affinity to at least four of the great Columbus- building families, the Redds, the Gunbys, the Jordans and the Howards- is well pualijied by birth, by irtspiration and by education to write the his- tory of this city, and she has produced a work which is as romantic as it is authentic, as facinating as it is romantic, and as remarkable as it is facinating. Patriotism is love of home writ large. ' If the Christ loved Judea and the Jordan so much that he made them live in his divine words, if Burns and Scott placed in ever-living lines "Ye banks and braes o'bonnie Doon" and the Highlanders of Scotland, shozcld we not perpetuate the deeds and names of those who were born and those who were nurtwed hard by the Chattahoochee? Literature ma~tnot be permitted to forget what she owes to Augusta Evans Wilson. Poetry mzcst sing of Lamar, O'Hara, Oliver, and Ticknor. The god of War must pronounce each reczcrring year the name of Beaning. Ptiilanthrophy must show her gratitude to Peabody and McllPcenny. Commerce and Indastry must name the names of the Strws Brothers and Samuel Spenc~r. The Law must give recognition to Walter T. Colqzcitt, Martin J. Crawford, James Milton Smith, Mark H. Blandford, Lollis F. Garrard, TVilliam Augustus Little, and a host of others. Every resident of Columbus sho.uld know her history first. It is more important to know your hitistory than the History of Rome. It is better to know about your own streets than about the Appian Way. www.gagenweb.org COPYRIGHT ELECTRONIC 2005 GEORGIAGENWEB.ORG Who knows that our Thirteenth Street concrete viaduct is the longest in Georgia,-1,8 8 8 feet long and 5 0 feet wide? Who knows that three Ex-Presidents-Polk, Fillmore, and Roosevelt, and two Presidents-Taft afid Harding, visited Columbus? Who knows that Henry Clay, the Whig Candidate for President, vis- ited Columbus March 11, 1 844? Who knows that Columbus was the first city in the world to establish an indzcstrial school as a part of her pablic school system? Who knows that the first ice-machine was made at Columbus Iron Works Company? Who knows that Columbus Manufactwing Company was the first plant in the world to use hydro-electric transmitted power and that the Eagle b' Phenix Mills were the first to ase electricity for lighting? Who k~owsth~t a CoLumb~sdruggist was the first to prepare the formula for Coca-Cola? Who knows that our Fort Benning is the greatest infantry school of arms in the world? Who knows that we have 1 0 0 industrial plants and'that the Bibb Man- tcfacturing Company has a mill with thirty-five acres of floor space? Who knows that the greatest woman literary character ever produced by the South, Augusta Evans Wilson, was born here? Who knows that the Chattahoochee is the largest and longest river in Georgia afid one of the 200 navigable streams of America? Let our children forget Rome and Athens wtil they remember Colzcmb~s. I know of no history of any city comparable to the one written by Namy Telf air, and our School Board could not do a better thing than to place k is ow High School czlrriczllzcm. www.gagenweb.org COPYRIGHT ELECTRONIC 2005 GEORGIAGENWEB.ORG CHAPTER I A Center of Indian Life HE tinkle of the little brass bells on the heavily laden packhorses of Indian traders has long been lost in the siren of the thunder- ing locomotive, and the creak of the ox-drawn covered wagons of expectant pioneers has vanished in the whizz of impatient motor cars. The pony express has long since passed away and even its swift successor, the mail train, is giving away to the timeless air- plane. The mild hum of the hand run loom has been hushed by the powerful grind of the cotton mills, and the dark rough streets of a frontier village have vanished in the paved thoroughfares of an industrial capital that calls the lightning her willing slave. It was only a hundred years ago that Columbus, "The Industrial Cap- ital" of Georgia, began to take form, and from a sprawling trade settle- ment of three hundred' souls inaugurated a phenomenal history of com- mercial, military, political and educational growth. The city of Columbus was laid out in ' 1828 at the order of the gov- ernor of the state, but long before that time it was a center of human activities. The earliest accounts of this historic place point to a capital of wealth among aborigines of about the same culture and civilization as the ancient Toltecs, and in fact, a contemporary and similar tribe of inhabitants. Prof. James Mooney, an archeologist of note, claims that De Soto, the Spanish explorer, who came up from Mexico to these parts in 1540, was led to make the expedition on account of the stories he heard in that coun- try of the fabulously wealth "Chiaha". This city was on the site of the present Columbus, it is held, and Professor Mooney contends that De Soto, instead of taking the Connasauga and Oostanaula route to where the pres- ent city of Rome is, descended the Chattahoochee river to Coweta Falls and thence went westward to the Mississippi. To be sure, he did not find the wonderful city he anticipated, for even had it once been here, it would have long disappeared before his day. However, in the Alabama burial mounds near Columbus and in the mounds in Georgia there have been found many evidences of an older Indian civilization, as shown by the various articles excavated indicating sun and serpent worship, and a high degree of skill in the workmanship of metals and textiles. In such arts were the ancient inhabitants of Mex- ico adept, and their religion was centered around the sun and serpent. www.gagenweb.org COPYRIGHT ELECTRONIC 2005 GEORGIAGENWEB.ORG 8 HISTORY OF COLUMBUS, GEORGIA When De Soto and other European explorers descended' on the Amer- ican shores, much of the older Indian civilization had passed away, and that which was in existance was a poor reminder of its former glory. Smaller tribes of Indians, powerful warriors of a lower order of in- telligence and much less advanced in the arts of civilization, had risen and were continuing to conquer and absorb their ancient predecessors. The center of the older tribes was in Mexico when the Spaniards arrived and their plundering only served to hasten the already inevitable extinction. In this section of the new world, the Indians told of an older civiliza- tion but the accounts existed in more or less obscure forms of myth and tradition. No explanation of how they had succeeded to the possession of the land was adequately given. They planted' their crops of maize and hunted on the ancient burial mounds, knowing that they existed and assert- ing that they had always been there. They had no art of weaving beyond that of primitives, nor was their pottery of as fine 'and delicate a type as that found' in the graves of those whom their ancestors had conquered. They worshiped a Great Spirit and gave no thought to the powerful sun and serpent deities of their forerunners. These Indians belonged to numerous small tribes, such as the Uchees, Hitchitees, Cussetas, Eufaulas, Alabamas and many others. For some hundreds of years they existed. They were found here by Spanish, French, and English explorers. It was about the time of the settlement of the Plymouth colony in Massachusetts, in 1620, that these little individualistic tribes of Indians in the southeastern part of the new world were in their turn conquered' by a tribe of newcomers from the shores of Mexico.
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