A Century of Women's Basketball. from Frailty to Final Four. INSTITUTION American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, and Fecreation, Washington, D.C
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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 336 377 SP 033 299 AUTHOR Hult, Joan S., Ed.; Trekell, Marianna, Ed. TITLE A Century of Women's Basketball. From Frailty to Final Four. INSTITUTION American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, and Fecreation, Washington, D.C. National Association for Girls and Women in Sport. REPORT NO ISBN-0-88314-490-5 PUB DATE 91 NOTE 452p. AVAILABLE FROM AAHPERD Publications Sales, 1900 Association Drive, Reston, VA 22901. PUB TYPE Books (010) -- Collected Works - General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Adapted Physical Education; *Athletic Coaches; *Basketball; College Athletics; Competitive Selection; Feminism; *Governance; Higher Education; *History; Secondary Education; Sports Medicine; *Womens Athletics; *Womens Education IDENTIFIERS AAHPERD; Association for Intercollegiate Athletics Women; *National Association for Girls and Women in Sport; Title IX Education Amendments 1972 ABSTRACT This book consists of writings which focus on the role of physical educators in the growth, development, and evolution of competitive basketball. It is divided into two parts, "The Early Years of Basketball--1890s-1930s" and "The Second Fifty Years of Basketball--1940s-19805." Part I contains 3 sections which place basketball in its historial and cultural framework. The chapters in Part I are as follows: (1) Introduction to Part I;(2) Senda Berenson Abbott: New Loman, New Sport;(3) Clara Gregory Baer: Catalyst for Women's Basketball;(4) The Governance of Athletics for Girls and Women: Leadership by Women Physical Educators, 1899-1949;(5) The Tides of Change in Women's Basketball; (6) The Domestication of Basketball; (7) "The Sacrifice of Maidens" or Healthy Sportswomen? The Medical Debate Over Women's Basketball; (8) Hoops and Skirts: Women!s Basketball on the West Coast, 1992-1930s; (9) Basketball Texas Style, 1910-1933: School to Industrial League Competition; (10) The Early Years of Basketball in Kentucky; and (11) Iowa, the Longtime "Hot Bed" of Girls Basketball. Part II consists of 4 sections cn governance, special populations, and associations. The chapters are: (12) Introduction to Part II;(13) The Saga of Competition: Basketball Battles and Governance War;(14) Rachel E. Bryant: Twenty-One Years of Women's Leadership in Basketball--in Sport;(15) Women's Basketball Officiating, (16) The Legacy of AIAW; (17) Women's Intercollegiate Basketball: AIAW/NCAA; (18) Coachingand Game Reflections, 1940s to 1980s; (19) Basketballs, Goldfish, and World Championships; 20) Queens College: Success with No Frills; (21) Women's Wheelchair Basketball; (22) The Future Is the Present in Organizations for Basketball; and (23) Title IX, AIAW, and Beyond--A Time for Celebration. (LL) .1 11\ft I 111,11 () U.S. DEPARTMENT OFEDUCATION Office ot Educational Rewarch "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISN. and improvement MATERIAL IN MICROFICHE ONLY EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTE R (ERIC) HAS BEEN GRANTED BY C' Th.s document hasDee" ,eofoduced as received from I h PersonOr OrgenttatrOn Originating 1 Mmor changes have oeenmade to .mo/ove ,eotoducbon ouafity POnt8oImew Or Opinions slated in lths dor u TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES '' men? (to nOf .ecessamy ,epreseniott.c.a. OE RI posthon c), pOhcy INFORMATION CENTER kERICI ()ailS.IItilt4&-NlaridnnaI rcl.c11 A Century of Women's Basketball From Frailty to Final Four Joan S. liult Marianna Trekell Editors National Association for Girls and Women in Sport An association of the American Alliance for I lealth, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance Copyright 1991 American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance 1900 Association Drive Reston, Virginia 22091 ISBN 0-88314I90-5 4 Purposes of the AmericanAlliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance The American Alliance is an educationalorganization, structured for the purposes of supporting, encouraging,and providing assistance to member groups and their personnel throughoutthe nation as they seek to initiate, develop, and conduct programsin health, leisure, and move- ment-related activities for the enrichment ofhuman life. Alliance objectives include: and 1.Professional growth and developmentto support, encourage, provide guidance in.the development andconduct of programs in health, leisure, and moveMent-related activitieswhich are based on the needs, interests, and inherent capacities of theindividual in today's society. 2. Communicationto facilitate publicand professional understand- ing and appreciation of the importanceand value of health, leisure, and movement-related activities as they contributetoward human well-being. 3. Researchto encourage and facilitateresearch which will enrich the depth and scope of health, leisure, andmovement-related activities, and to disseminate the findings to theprofession and other interested and concerned publics. 4. Standards and guidelinesto furtherthe continuous development and evaluation of standards within theprofession for personnel and programs in health, leisure,and movement-related activities. 5. Public affairsto coordinate andadminister a planned program of professional, public, and governmentalrelations that will improve education in areas of health, leisure, andmovement-related activities. 6. To conduct such other activities asshall be approved by the Board of Governors and the AllianceAssembly, provided that the Alliance shall not engage in any activity whichwould be inconsistent with the status of an educational andcharitable organization as defined in Section 501 (c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Codeof 1954 or any successor pro- viskm thereto, and none of the said purposes shall at anytime be deemed or construed to be purposesother than the public benefit purposes and objectives consistent with such educational andcharitable status. Bylaws, Article III ill National Association for Girls & Women in Sport For nearly a century. NAGWS has been committedto the professional development of women in sports, the advancement of femalesports knowledge, and the development of sportprograms and increased lead- ership roles for women in sport. The seeds of NAGWSwere sowed in 1899 when a committee was assembled to study basketball rulesfor girls. In the early years, NAGWS concentratedon the development of ap- propriate rules for girls' and women's sports. The focus laterchanged to the introduction of games specifically geared towomen as well as the development and promotion of standards different from those associated with men's sports. Throughout its devdopment. NAGWShas continued to influence programs and organizations thatsponsor and/or promote healthy female sport participation. NAGWS today... is a nonprofit educational association located in Reston. Virginia. serves a membership of over MAO administrators, teach- ers. coaches. officials. and sport leaders throughout the United States. is the only national professional organization devotedex- clusively to providing opportunities for 6irls andwomen in sport-related careers. is one of six associations within the American Alliance for 11ealth. Physical Education, Recreation. and Dance ( AAII- PERI)). an organization with over 33.000 educators and professional members. NAGWS has grown from a smallgroup of women interested in bas- ketball to a stronghold of I 0.000 men andwomen interested in address- ing current concerns and taking actionon several different levels and projects. NAGWS's current focus is on increasing the number of qualified women in coaching and sport administrative positions in educational institutions and Olympic programs, from the developmentalto the elite levels. 6 v Contents Foreword ix Preface xi Contributors xiv PART ITHE EARLY YEARS OF BASKETBALL-1890s-1930s Chapter 1-1ntroduction to Part 1. byJowt S. flu lt 3 Section 1In the Beginning. .. 19 Chapter 2Senda 13erenson Abluitt. New Woman. New Sport. by BettySpears 19 Chapter 3Clara Gregory Baer: Catt'yst for Wome,i's Basketball. byJoan Paul 37 Chapter 4The Governance of Athletics for Girls and Women: Leadership by Women Physical Educators. 1899-1949. byJoan S. Halt Chapter 5The Tides of Change in Women's Basketball Rules, byjoanna Davenport 83 Section 2Cultural and Medical Influences 109 Chapter 6The Domestication of Basketball. bySteveda Clwpko 109 Chapter 7---The Sacrifice of Maidens- or Ilealthy Sportswomen? The Medical Debate Over Women's Basketball, byNancy Cole Dosch 115 Section 3High Level Competition 137 (Thapter 8-11oops and Skirts: Women's Basketball on the West Coast. 18921930s. byLynne Fauley Luteryand Margaret Toolwv-Costa 137 Chapter 9--ashet ball Texas Style. 1910- 192 to Industrial League Competition, byRoxanne Albemon 15:; Chapter Ill.The Early Years of Basketball in Kentucky byPeggy Stanaland 167 Chapter II-- Iowa. the 1..ongtime "Ilot Bed- of (iirls 13wiketball. byJanice A. Beran 181 Pat Vi CONTENTS PART 11THE SECOND FIFT\ YEARS OF BASKETBALL- 1940s 1989s Chapter 12-1ntroduetion to Part 11, by Joan S. Hu lt 207 Section 4Governance of Women's Basketball 223 Chapter 13,The Saga of Competition: Basketball Battles and Governance War, by Joan S. Halt 223 Chapter 14Rachel E. Bryant: Twenty.One Years of Women's Leadership in Basketballin Sport, by Nancy Weltzheimer Wardwell 249 Chapter 15Women's Basketball Officiating. by Fran Koenig and Marcy Weston 261 Section 5Collegiate Governance, Championships, and Memories 281 Chapter 16The Legacy of A1AW, by Joan S. Hull 281 Chapter 17Women's Intercollegiate Basketball: AIAW/NCAA, by Jill Hutchison 309 Chapter 18Coaching and Game Reflections, 1940s to 1980s, by