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Die Berichte Der Wiener Zeitung Über Die Novara-Expedition

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Die Berichte Der Wiener Zeitung Über Die Novara-Expedition DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Die Berichte der Wiener Zeitung über die Weltumsegelung der Novara in den Jahren 1856–1860“ Verfasserin Christa Pumberger angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag.phil.) Wien, 2013 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 190 344 313 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Lehramtsstudium UniStG UF Englisch UniStG UF Geschichte, Sozialkunde, Polit.Bildg. UniStG Betreuerin / Betreuer: ao. Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Marianne Klemun „Reisende sind zu jeder Epoche immer nur die Träger der Wissenschaft ihrer Zeit 1.“ (Alexander von Humboldt in einem Brief an Commodore Bernhard von Wüllerstorf-Urbair, April 1857) 1 Hubert Scholler , Alexander von Humboldt und die Weltumsegelung der Novara. In: Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 62 (1958) 5–24, hier 20. Inhaltsverzeichnis Danksagung ................................................................................................................................ 1 1. Einleitung ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.1. Thema ........................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2. Fragestellung und Methode ............................................................................................... 6 1.3. Aufbau der Arbeit .................................................................................................................. 8 2. Historischer Hintergrund: Die Reise der Novara um die Welt ......................... 9 2.1. Zur Geschichte der k. k. Kriegsmarine........................................................................... 9 2.2. Vorbereitungen zur Expedition ..................................................................................... 11 2.2.1. Die Planung der Weltumsegelung ........................................................................ 11 2.2.2. Die Besatzung der SMS Novara ............................................................................. 13 2.2.3. Aussehen und Geschichte der Fregatte SMS Novara .................................... 16 2.3. Stationen der Weltumsegelung ...................................................................................... 19 2.3.1. Das erste Jahr: Von Triest bis Batavia ................................................................. 19 2.3.2. Das zweite Jahr: Von Batavia bis Valparaiso .................................................... 23 2.3.3. Das dritte Jahr: Zurück nach Triest ...................................................................... 27 2.4. Resonanzen nach der Heimkehr .................................................................................... 28 2.4.1. Ergebnisse der Expedition und das wissenschaftliche Werk .................... 28 2.4.2. Das Novara-Museum ................................................................................................. 31 2.4.3. Literarische Reaktionen ........................................................................................... 32 3. Die Novara in der Wiener Zeitung ............................................................................ 36 3.1. Zur Geschichte der Wiener Zeitung .............................................................................. 36 3.2. Formale Aspekte: Anzahl, Themen und Arten der Berichte vor und während der Expedition ................................................................................................................................... 39 4. Berichtsgruppen während der Weltumsegelung ................................................ 45 4.1. Sitzungsberichte der beteiligten Institutionen ........................................................ 45 4.1.1. k. k. Akademie der Wissenschaften ..................................................................... 45 4.1.2. k. k. Geographische Gesellschaft ........................................................................... 52 4.1.3. k. k. Geologische Reichsanstalt .............................................................................. 57 4.1.4. Anmerkungen: Über Instruktionen, Humboldtian Science und die steigende Bedeutung wissenschaftlicher Instrumente ................................................ 59 4.2. Ferdinand von Hochstetters Berichte ......................................................................... 63 4.2.1. Formale Aspekte: Häufigkeit und Form der Publikation ............................ 63 4.2.2. Darstellung der Themengebiete ........................................................................... 65 4.2.3. Hochstetter über fremde Länder und Menschen: Die Nikobaren ............ 69 4.2.4. Dr. Schreiberle als Karikatur Hochstetters ....................................................... 79 4.2.5. Publikation der gesammelten Berichte im Jahr 1885 .................................. 81 4.3. Kurzberichte: Artikel anderer Zeitungen, Telegramme, Briefe ......................... 83 5. Berichte nach der Rückkehr der Novara ................................................................ 86 5.1. Februar 1860: Das Festmahl zu Ehren der Novara ................................................ 86 5.2. Mai 1860: Das Novara-Museum..................................................................................... 88 5.3. 1859–1860: Zwei Maoris in Wien ................................................................................. 92 6. Schlussbetrachtung ....................................................................................................... 99 7. Bibliographie ................................................................................................................. 102 7.1. Primärliteratur .................................................................................................................. 102 7.1.1. Zeitungsartikel .......................................................................................................... 102 7.1.2. Sitzungsberichte, Auszüge aus Sitzungsberichten ...................................... 103 7.1.3. Publikationen von Novara-Reisenden ............................................................. 104 7.1.4. Weitere Primärliteratur ........................................................................................ 105 7.2. Sekundärliteratur ............................................................................................................. 105 7.2.1. Monographien, Aufsätze in Sammelbänden, Ausstellungskatalogen und Zeitschriften................................................................................................................................ 105 7.2.2. Online-Literatur ............................................................................................................ 109 8. Abbildungsverzeichnis ............................................................................................... 111 Abstract auf Deutsch ......................................................................................................................... 112 Abstract in English ............................................................................................................................. 113 Lebenslauf ............................................................................................................................................. 114 Anhang: Die Berichte der Wiener Zeitung über die Novara-Expedition ...................... 115 Danksagung Diese Arbeit trägt zwar nur meinen Namen, doch sie ist keineswegs ohne die Hilfe Anderer entstanden. Zuerst danke ich meiner Betreuerin, Frau ao. Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Marianne Klemun, die immer ein offenes Ohr für die Anliegen ihrer Studentinnen und Studenten hat. Sie war ständig bemüht, trotz ihrer hektischen Arbeit Zeit für Besprechungen zu finden und meine Texte rasch zu korrigieren und kommentieren. Ebenso möchte ich einigen Personen für ihre Anregungen und Ideen danken – auch, wenn dies manchmal unbewusst geschah. Mag. Gerhard Holzer von der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften gebührt mein Dank für die Weitergabe von unveröffentlichten Unterlagen der Ausstellung „ SMS Novara – Hintergründe und Vorbereitungen zur ersten Weltumsegelung unter Österreichs Flagge “ aus dem Jahr 2007. Meiner Kollegin Karin Roth aus unserem Diplomandenseminar danke ich für den Ausstellungskatalog zu „ Unterwegs zu fernen Ufern“. Mein größter Dank geht jedoch an meine Freunde und meine Familie, insbesondere an meine Eltern Franz und Renate. Sie haben mich immer materiell und immateriell unterstützt, und nicht zuletzt meinen Aufenthalt in Australien ermöglicht. Danke für alles. Meinen Geschwistern Andrea (die auch das Lektorat dieser Arbeit übernommen hat), Markus und Stephan möchte ich ebenfalls danken – besonders für die Unterstützung in meiner ersten Zeit in Wien und unsere Freundschaft. Ein großer Dank geht an meinen Partner John, der mich in den letzten Jahren in allen Lebenslagen unterstützt hat und mich immer ermutigt, wenn die Arbeit unbezwingbar scheint. 1 1. Einleitung 1.1. Thema Spektakuläre High-Tech-Expedition zum Roten Planeten: Die US- Raumfahrtagentur Nasa hat eine technisch höchst raffinierte Marssonde auf die Reise geschickt. Geht alles nach Plan, wird sie ihr Ziel am 6. August 2012 erreichen und den etwa autogroßen Marsrover "Curiosity" (Neugier) in einem riskanten Manöver aussetzen. Er soll dann auf dem Marsboden nach organischen Materialien suchen und insgesamt herausfinden, wie lebensfreundlich oder auch -feindlich der Planet einst war
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