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Macroparásitos Diversidad Y Biología
Macroparásitos Diversidad y biología Fabiana B. Drago (Coordinadora) FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y MUSEO MACROPARÁSITOS: DIVERSIDAD Y BIOLOGÍA Fabiana B. Drago (Coordinadora) Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo CAPÍTULO 9 Phylum Nematoda Graciela T. Navone, M. Fernanda Achinelly, Juliana Notarnicola y M. Lorena Zonta Es prácticamente imposible entender cómo funciona la biología fuera del contexto del entorno. ROBERT SAPOLSKY, DOCUMENTAL ZEITGEIST: MOVING FORWARD (2011) El phylum Nematoda (del griego, nema: hilo; oídos: con aspecto de) también conocidos como nemáto- dos, nematodes o nematelmintos, incluye alrededor de 25.000 especies descriptas y ocupa el tercer lugar entre los phyla más ricos en especies dentro del Reino Animalia (junto con Arthropoda y Mollusca). Co- múnmente se los llama gusanos redondos. La mayoría de los nematodes son de vida libre (aguas continen- tales, marinos y terrestres) y en menor proporción de vida parásita. Muchos nematodes de vida libre son detritívoros o descomponedores y juegan un rol importante en el reciclado de nutrientes del suelo. Las for- mas parásitas pueden encontrarse en plantas y animales (invertebrados y vertebrados, incluyendo el hom- bre) y muchas de éstas son de importancia agrícola, sanitaria y veterinaria. Existen especies que provocan enfermedades tales como triquinellosis, filariosis, anisakiosis, anquilostomiosis, ascariosis, entre otras. Entre los nematodes parásitos de invertebrados, los entomopatógenos son ampliamente utilizados para el control biológico; en tanto los fitoparásitos ocasionan, dependiendo del tipo de asociación parásita, daños en culti- vos e importantes pérdidas económicas (por ejemplo, los nematodes agalladores de la raíz)13. Características generales La morfología del cuerpo incluye formas elongadas con ambos extremos ahusados, simetría bilateral y cavidad corporal primaria derivada del blastocele embrionario. -
Gastrointestinal Helminthic Parasites of Habituated Wild Chimpanzees
Aus dem Institut für Parasitologie und Tropenveterinärmedizin des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Gastrointestinal helminthic parasites of habituated wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Taï NP, Côte d’Ivoire − including characterization of cultured helminth developmental stages using genetic markers Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Veterinärmedizin an der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Sonja Metzger Tierärztin aus München Berlin 2014 Journal-Nr.: 3727 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Jürgen Zentek Erster Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna Zweiter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Heribert Hofer Dritter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Achim Gruber Deskriptoren (nach CAB-Thesaurus): chimpanzees, helminths, host parasite relationships, fecal examination, characterization, developmental stages, ribosomal RNA, mitochondrial DNA Tag der Promotion: 10.06.2015 Contents I INTRODUCTION ---------------------------------------------------- 1- 4 I.1 Background 1- 3 I.2 Study objectives 4 II LITERATURE OVERVIEW --------------------------------------- 5- 37 II.1 Taï National Park 5- 7 II.1.1 Location and climate 5- 6 II.1.2 Vegetation and fauna 6 II.1.3 Human pressure and impact on the park 7 II.2 Chimpanzees 7- 12 II.2.1 Status 7 II.2.2 Group sizes and composition 7- 9 II.2.3 Territories and ranging behavior 9 II.2.4 Diet and hunting behavior 9- 10 II.2.5 Contact with humans 10 II.2.6 -
Sur Les Modalités D'évolution Chez Quelques Lignées D'helminthes De
Cuh. O.R.S.T.O.M., sir. Enf. mAd. Pnrrtsifol., vol. TX, II~ 2, 1971. Sur les modalités d’évolution chez quelques lignées d’Helminthes de Rongeurs Muroidea * . J.-C. QUENTIN ** Dans cc travail, qui reprèsente les conclusions de dix-sept publications prèlimi- naires, nous tentons de retracer la phylogénie dans cinq lignees d’l-lelminthes de Ron- geurs Jiliuroidea, en recherchant les formes ancestrales dont dérivent ces parasites et les transformations morphologiques qu’ils ont subies au cours de l’évolution et des migrations de leurs hôtes. L’nnalysr de Z’Pvolution qui caracterise chaque lignée nous amène a tenter de definir les facteurs essentiels qui conditionnent l’évolution des Helminthes. L’intt:rJi que présentent les Rongeurs Xuroidea reside dans le fait, que les famil- les des CricetidPs, Gerbillidés, Muridés et Xicrotidés sont d’apparition paléontologique rcicente et ont une répartition gt;ographique actuelle très vaste. Xotre étu.de porte sur cinq lignées parasitaires : les Oxyures Syphncia, les Subu- luridae, les Seuratidae-Rictulnriidae, les Spiruridae et les Cestodes Catenotaeniinae. Ces lignées constituent, avec les Kématodes Heligmosomidae, la partie la plus importante et la plus significative de l’helminthofaune de ces Rongeurs. Elles occupent des localisations distinctes le long du tube digestif de leurs hdtes et présentent des espéces trC>s dispersées géographiquement. Au cours de ce travail, 78.4 Rongeurs Muroidea pieges au cours de missions en trois rPgions géographiques différentes : France, Brésil (Pernambuco), Centrafrique ont été disséqués et leurs Hclminthes récoltés. L’étude des parasites est complétée par celle de spécimens d’autres localités gtiographiques, obligeamment prete’s par nos collégues. -
Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 51(2) 1984
Volume 51 July 1984 PROCEEDINGS ^ of of Washington '- f, V-i -: ;fx A semiannual journal of research devoted to Helminthohgy and all branches of Parasitology Supported in part by the -•>"""- v, H. Ransom Memorial 'Tryst Fund : CONTENTS -j<:'.:,! •</••• VV V,:'I,,--.. Y~v MEASURES, LENA N., AND Roy C. ANDERSON. Hybridization of Obeliscoides cuniculi r\ XGraybill, 1923) Graybill, ,1924 jand Obeliscoides,cuniculi multistriatus Measures and Anderson, 1983 .........:....... .., :....„......!"......... _ x. iXJ-v- 179 YATES, JON A., AND ROBERT C. LOWRIE, JR. Development of Yatesia hydrochoerus "•! (Nematoda: Filarioidea) to the Infective Stage in-Ixqdid Ticks r... 187 HUIZINGA, HARRY W., AND WILLARD O. GRANATH, JR. -Seasonal ^prevalence of. Chandlerellaquiscali (Onehocercidae: Filarioidea) in Braih, of the Common Grackle " '~. (Quiscdlus quisculd versicolor) '.'.. ;:,„..;.......„.;....• :..: „'.:„.'.J_^.4-~-~-~-<-.ii -, **-. 191 ^PLATT, THOMAS R. Evolution of the Elaphostrongylinae (Nematoda: Metastrongy- X. lojdfea: Protostrongylidae) Parasites of Cervids,(Mammalia) ...,., v.. 196 PLATT, THOMAS R., AND W. JM. SAMUEL. Modex of Entry of First-Stage Larvae ofr _^ ^ Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei^Nematoda: vMefastrongyloidea) into Four Species of Terrestrial Gastropods .....:;.. ....^:...... ./:... .; _.... ..,.....;. .-: 205 THRELFALL, WILLIAM, AND JUAN CARVAJAL. Heliconema pjammobatidus sp. n. (Nematoda: Physalbpteridae) from a Skate,> Psammobatis lima (Chondrichthyes: ; ''•• \^ Rajidae), Taken in Chile _... .„ ;,.....„.......„..,.......;. ,...^.J::...^..,....:.....~L.:....., -
Review Article Nematodes of Birds of Armenia
Annals of Parasitology 2020, 66(4), 447–455 Copyright© 2020 Polish Parasitological Society doi: 10.17420/ap6604.285 Review article Nematodes of birds of Armenia Sergey O. MOVSESYAN1,2, Egor A. VLASOV3, Manya A. NIKOGHOSIAN2, Rosa A. PETROSIAN2, Mamikon G. GHASABYAN2,4, Dmitry N. KUZNETSOV1,5 1Centre of Parasitology, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Leninsky pr., 33, Moscow 119071, Russia 2Institute of Zoology, Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology NAS RA, P. Sevak 7, Yerevan 0014, Armenia 3V.V. Alekhin Central-Chernozem State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Zapovednyi, Kursk district, Kursk region, 305528, Russia 4Armenian Society for the Protection of Birds (ASPB), G. Njdeh, 27/2, apt.10, Yerevan 0026, Armenia 5All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plants - a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, Bolshaya Cheremushkinskaya str., 28, Moscow 117218, Russia Corresponding Author: Dmitry N. KUZNETSOV; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. The review provides data on species composition of nematodes in 50 species of birds from Armenia (South of Lesser Caucasus). Most of the studied birds belong to Passeriformes and Charadriiformes orders. One of the studied species of birds (Larus armenicus) is an endemic. The taxonomy and host-specificity of nematodes reported in original papers are discussed with a regard to current knowledge about this point. In total, 52 nematode species parasitizing birds in Armenia are reported. Most of the reported species of nematodes are quite common in birds outside of Armenia. One species (Desmidocercella incognita from great cormorant) was first identified in Armenia. -
Parasitic Nematodes of Pool Frog (Pelophylax Lessonae) in the Volga Basin
Journal MVZ Cordoba 2019; 24(3):7314-7321. https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.1501 Research article Parasitic nematodes of Pool Frog (Pelophylax lessonae) in the Volga Basin Igor V. Chikhlyaev1 ; Alexander B. Ruchin2* ; Alexander I. Fayzulin1 1Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Togliatti, Russia 2Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park «Smolny», Saransk, Russia. *Correspondence: [email protected] Received: Febrary 2019; Accepted: July 2019; Published: August 2019. ABSTRACT Objetive. Present a modern review of the nematodes fauna of the pool frog Pelophylax lessonae (Camerano, 1882) from Volga basin populations on the basis of our own research and literature sources analysis. Materials and methods. Present work consolidates data from different helminthological works over the past 80 years, supported by our own research results. During the period from 1936 to 2016 different authors examined 1460 specimens of pool frog, using the method of full helminthological autopsy, from 13 regions of the Volga basin. Results. In total 9 nematodes species were recorded. Nematode Icosiella neglecta found for the first time in the studied host from the territory of Russia and Volga basin. Three species appeared to be more widespread: Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata and Icosiella neglecta. For each helminth species the following information included: systematic position, areas of detection, localization, biology, list of definitive hosts, the level of host-specificity. Conclusions. Nematodes of pool frog, excluding I. neglecta, belong to the group of soil-transmitted helminthes (geohelminth) and parasitize in adult stages. Some species (O. filiformis, C. ornata, I. neglecta) are widespread in the host range. -
Anthelmintic Resistance of Ostertagia Ostertagi and Cooperia Oncophora to Macrocyclic Lactones in Cattle from the Western United States
Veterinary Parasitology 170 (2010) 224–229 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Veterinary Parasitology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vetpar Anthelmintic resistance of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora to macrocyclic lactones in cattle from the western United States M.D. Edmonds, E.G. Johnson, J.D. Edmonds ∗ Johnson Research LLC, 24007 Highway 20-26, Parma, ID, 83660, USA article info abstract Article history: In June 2008, 122 yearling heifers with a history of anthelmintic resistance were obtained Received 15 October 2009 from pastures in northern California and transported to a dry lot facility in southwest- Received in revised form 28 January 2010 ern Idaho, USA. Fifty heifers with the highest fecal egg counts were selected for study Accepted 24 February 2010 enrollment. Candidates were equally randomized to treatment with either injectable iver- mectin (Ivomec®, Merial, 0.2 mg kg−1 BW), injectable moxidectin (Cydectin®, Fort Dodge, Keywords: 0.2 mg kg−1 BW), oral fenbendazole (Safe-Guard®, Intervet, 5.0 mg kg−1 BW), oral oxfenda- Anthelmintic resistance zole (Synanthic®, Fort Dodge, 4.5 mg kg−1 BW), or saline. At 14 days post-treatment, Cattle Bovine nematodes were recovered from the abomasum, small intestine, and large intestine. Par- Nematodes asitism was confirmed in the control group when 10/10 animals were infected with Efficacy adult Ostertagia ostertagi and 9/10 animals with both developing and early L4 stages of Cooperia O. ostertagi. Similarly, 9/10 animals were parasitized with adult Cooperia spp. Fenbenda- Ostertagia zole and oxfendazole efficacy verses controls were >90% against adult Cooperia spp., while moxidectin caused an 88% parasite reduction post-treatment (P < 0.05). -
Monophyly of Clade III Nematodes Is Not Supported by Phylogenetic Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequences
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Monophyly of clade III nematodes is not supported by phylogenetic analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7509r5vp Journal BMC Genomics, 12(1) ISSN 1471-2164 Authors Park, Joong-Ki Sultana, Tahera Lee, Sang-Hwa et al. Publication Date 2011-08-03 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-392 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Park et al. BMC Genomics 2011, 12:392 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/392 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Monophyly of clade III nematodes is not supported by phylogenetic analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences Joong-Ki Park1*, Tahera Sultana2, Sang-Hwa Lee3, Seokha Kang4, Hyong Kyu Kim5, Gi-Sik Min2, Keeseon S Eom6 and Steven A Nadler7 Abstract Background: The orders Ascaridida, Oxyurida, and Spirurida represent major components of zooparasitic nematode diversity, including many species of veterinary and medical importance. Phylum-wide nematode phylogenetic hypotheses have mainly been based on nuclear rDNA sequences, but more recently complete mitochondrial (mtDNA) gene sequences have provided another source of molecular information to evaluate relationships. Although there is much agreement between nuclear rDNA and mtDNA phylogenies, relationships among certain major clades are different. In this study we report that mtDNA sequences do not support the monophyly of Ascaridida, Oxyurida and Spirurida (clade III) in contrast to results for nuclear rDNA. Results from mtDNA genomes show promise as an additional independently evolving genome for developing phylogenetic hypotheses for nematodes, although substantially increased taxon sampling is needed for enhanced comparative value with nuclear rDNA. -
Rodentia: Cricetidae) En El Bosque Relicto De Cachil (Provincia Contumazá, Departamento Cajamarca, Perú)
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Universidad del Perú. Decana de América Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Escuela Profesional de Ciencias Biológicas Nematofauna del género Thomasomys coues, 1884 (Rodentia: cricetidae) en el bosque relicto de cachil (provincia Contumazá, departamento Cajamarca, Perú) TESIS Para optar el Título Profesional de Biólogo con Mención en Zoología AUTOR María Andrea POLO GONZALES ASESOR Lidia Rosa SANCHEZ PEREZ Lima, Perú 2020 Reconocimiento - No Comercial - Compartir Igual - Sin restricciones adicionales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Usted puede distribuir, remezclar, retocar, y crear a partir del documento original de modo no comercial, siempre y cuando se dé crédito al autor del documento y se licencien las nuevas creaciones bajo las mismas condiciones. No se permite aplicar términos legales o medidas tecnológicas que restrinjan legalmente a otros a hacer cualquier cosa que permita esta licencia. Referencia bibliográfica Polo, M. (2020). Nematofauna del género Thomasomys coues, 1884 (Rodentia: cricetidae) en el bosque relicto de cachil (provincia Contumazá, departamento Cajamarca, Perú). Tesis para optar el título de Biólogo con Mención en Zoología. Escuela Profesional de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Hoja de metadatos complementarios Código ORCID del autor 0000-0002-5217-151X DNI o pasaporte del autor 73001614 0000-0001-7609-9498 Código ORCID del asesor Código RENACYT: P001097 DNI o pasaporte del asesor 08758229 DIVERSIDAD DE MAMÍFEROS Y SUS PARÁSITOS Y SU IMPLICANCIA EN Grupo de investigación ENFERMEDADES ZOONÓTICAS EMERGENTES Perú Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Posgrado (VRIP) Agencia financiadora Programa de Proyectos de Investigación para Grupos de Investigación B17100921 Perú, Departamento Cajamarca, Provincia Contumazá, Distrito Contumazá, Bosque de Ubicación geográfica donde se Cachil. -
Nematodirus Spathiger of Small Ruminants Guang-Hui Zhao1*†, Yan-Qing Jia1†, Wen-Yu Cheng1, Wen Zhao1, Qing-Qing Bian1 and Guo-Hua Liu2*
Zhao et al. Parasites & Vectors 2014, 7:319 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/7/1/319 RESEARCH Open Access Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Nematodirus oiratianus and Nematodirus spathiger of small ruminants Guang-Hui Zhao1*†, Yan-Qing Jia1†, Wen-Yu Cheng1, Wen Zhao1, Qing-Qing Bian1 and Guo-Hua Liu2* Abstract Background: Nematodirus spp. are among the most common nematodes of ruminants worldwide. N. oiratianus and N. spathiger are distributed worldwide as highly prevalent gastrointestinal nematodes, which cause emerging health problems and economic losses. Accurate identification of Nematodirus species is essential to develop effective control strategies for Nematodirus infection in ruminants. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could provide powerful genetic markers for identifying these closely related species and resolving phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomic levels. Methods: In the present study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of N. oiratianus and N. spathiger from small ruminants in China were obtained using Long-range PCR and sequencing. Results: The complete mt genomes of N. oiratianus and N. spathiger were 13,765 bp and 13,519 bp in length, respectively. Both mt genomes were circular and consisted of 36 genes, including 12 genes encoding proteins, 2 genes encoding rRNA, and 22 genes encoding tRNA. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated amino acid sequence data of all 12 protein-coding genes by Bayesian inference (BI), Maximum likelihood (ML) and Maximum parsimony (MP) showed that the two Nematodirus species (Molineidae) were closely related to Dictyocaulidae. Conclusions: The availability of the complete mtDNA sequences of N. oiratianus and N. spathiger not only provides new mtDNA sources for a better understanding of nematode mt genomics and phylogeny, but also provides novel and useful genetic markers for studying diagnosis, population genetics and molecular epidemiology of Nematodirus spp. -
An Abstract of the Thesis Of
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Sarah A. Maxfield-Taylor for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology presented on March 26, 2014. Title: Natural Enemies of Native Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Western Oregon Abstract approved: _____________________________________________ Sujaya U. Rao Bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are important native pollinators in wild and agricultural systems, and are one of the few groups of native bees commercially bred for use in the pollination of a range of crops. In recent years, declines in bumble bees have been reported globally. One factor implicated in these declines, believed to affect bumble bee colonies in the wild and during rearing, is natural enemies. A diversity of fungi, protozoa, nematodes, and parasitoids has been reported to affect bumble bees, to varying extents, in different parts of the world. In contrast to reports of decline elsewhere, bumble bees have been thriving in Oregon on the West Coast of the U.S.A.. In particular, the agriculturally rich Willamette Valley in the western part of the state appears to be fostering several species. Little is known, however, about the natural enemies of bumble bees in this region. The objectives of this thesis were to: (1) identify pathogens and parasites in (a) bumble bees from the wild, and (b) bumble bees reared in captivity and (2) examine the effects of disease on bee hosts. Bumble bee queens and workers were collected from diverse locations in the Willamette Valley, in spring and summer. Bombus mixtus, Bombus nevadensis, and Bombus vosnesenskii collected from the wild were dissected and examined for pathogens and parasites, and these organisms were identified using morphological and molecular characteristics. -
Gastro-Intestinal Helminths in the Red-Bellied Squirrel Introduced in Argentina: Accidental Acquisitions and Lack of Specific Parasites
Published by Associazione Teriologica Italiana Volume 25 (2): 97–102, 2014 Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy Available online at: http://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it/article/view/10276/pdf doi:10.4404/hystrix-25.2-10276 Research Article Gastro-intestinal helminths in the red-bellied squirrel introduced in Argentina: accidental acquisitions and lack of specific parasites Ana Cecilia Gozzia,∗, María Laura Guichóna,b, Verónica Victoria Beniteza, Adrián Troyellia, Graciela Teresa Navonec aEcología de Mamíferos Introducidos, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Rutas 5 y 7, Luján (6700), Buenos Aires, Argentina bpresent address: Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA, UNCo-CONICET), basado en Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Neuquén (CEAN), Ruta Provincial N861 Km. 3 (CC N87), Paraje San Cabao, (8371) Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina cCentro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), Centro Científico Tecnológico (CCT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) La Plata; Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP). Boulevar 120 S/N entre Avda 60 y calle 64 (B1902CHX), La Plata, Argentina Keywords: Abstract Invasive squirrel helminth survey Introduced species may lose their natural parasites when invading a new habitat, may acquire new, nematodes local parasites or may introduce parasites from their native range. We studied the gastro-intestinal parasite release helminth fauna associated with the red-bellied squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus (Pallas, 1778) in- troduced in Argentina to evaluate its role as a host of either specific or acquired parasites in two Article history: invasion foci. We analyzed entire digestive tracts of 72 red-bellied squirrels captured in the main Received: 19 August 2014 invasion focus (Luján, province of Buenos Aires) between February and May 2011, and in a second- Accepted: 7 November 2014 ary focus (Cañada de Gómez, province of Santa Fe) in December 2008.