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The Systematics of the Genus Thyanta Stal (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae

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The Systematics of the Genus Thyanta Stal (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1988 The ysS tematics of the Genus Thyanta Stal (Hemiptera:Heteroptera:Pentatomidae). David Allen Rider Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Rider, David Allen, "The ysS tematics of the Genus Thyanta Stal (Hemiptera:Heteroptera:Pentatomidae)." (1988). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4669. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4669 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. 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University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 30 0 North Z eeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 8917848 The systematics of the genusThyanta St&l (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Fentatomidae) Rider, David Allen, Ph.D. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col., 1988 UMI 300N. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 The Systematics of the Genus Thvanta Stal (Heraiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Entomology by David Allen Rider__ B. S., Purdue University, 1979 M. S., Auburn University, 1982 December 1988 ABSTRACT The pentatomid genus Thyanta StS.1 is one of several large genera in the nominate subfamily and tribe. Thvanta belongs among those genera of Pentatomini lacking a spine or tubercle at the base of the third (second visible) abdominal sternite. The genus is divided into two subgenera: Phacidium Breddin, containing a single species, T. aeruginosa Berg; and the nominate subgenus, containing 36 species and one subspecies. The subgenus Thyanta is further divided into four species groups based primarily on differences and similarities in male and female genitalia. The perditor species group contains nine species and one subspecies, the maculata species group consists of 20 species, the .iuvenca species group includes six species, and the convexa species group contains one species. The genus Thyanta contains one subspecies and 37 species, of which 15 are described here for the first time: T. boliviensis. T\ convexa. T, curvata. T. emarginata. T. excavata. T. fimbriata. T. hamulata. T. infuscata, T. obtiisa. T. robusta. T. rubicunda. T. sinuata. T. straminea. T. vadosa. and T. xerotica. Additionally, nine new synonymies are recognized: T. caBta St&l, 1862, a junior synonym of T. maculata (F., 1775); T. signoreti Ruckes, 1956, a junior Bynonym of T. testacea (Dallas, 1851); T. pallidovirens setosa Ruckes, 1957, a junior synonym of T. pallidovirens (St&l, 1859); T. humilis Bergroth, 1891 and T. nitidula Ruckes, 1956, junior synonyms of T. natruelis (St&l, 1859); T. pallidovirens spinosa Ruckes, 1957, a junior synonym of T. custator accerra McAtee, 1919; T. mendozana Jensen-Haarup, 1928 and T. crinita Ruckes, 1957, junior synonyms of T. acutangula Jensen-Haarup, 1928; and T. humeralis Ruckes, 1956, a junior synonym of T. brasiliensis Jensen- Haarup, 1928. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project would not have been possible without the help and encouragement of many friends and colleagues. To each I am sincerely grateful. Taxonomic studies require the examination of many preserved specimens which are usually borrowed from many different collections. I thank the curators who generously loaned specimens for this project, A list of curators and their respective institutions is provided in the materials and methods. Special appreciation goes to several of my colleagues who made a special effort to collect specimens of Thyanta for this project, namely Cheryl Barr (Louisiana State University), Joe Eger (Dow Chemical, Tampa, Florida), Edward Riley (Texas A&M University) and Donald Thomas (USDA/ARS, Tuxtla Gutierrez, Mexico). Don also generously provided detailed instructions on karyotyping methods. I also thank Dr. F. J. D. McDonald (Australia), who during one of his visits to LSU, showed me the correct techniques in dissecting the genitalia of both male and female stink bugs. Departmental financial support has been provided in the form of a research assistantship, except for the summer of 1988 during which I was provided with a research associate position, I am also grateful to the department for providing some financial support for most of my major collecting trips, notably the trips to Costa Rica, Panama, Puerto Rico, French Guiana, and Mexico. I also thank Sigma Xi, the scientific research society, and the American Museum of Natural History, Roosevelt Memorial Grant, for providing additional monies which supported the research trip to Arizona and California in August 1987. I am grateful to all the members of my graduate committee for all their help. I am especially grateful to Dr. L. H. Rolston, who suggested this project and has provided advice and encouragement whenever it was needed. He also allowed me full access to his personal collection of pentatomids and to his personal library. I sincerely thank my major advisor, Dr. J. B. Chapin, who also generously provided suggestions during all aspects of this study. She also gave me great latitude during this research and has encouraged learning through doing. I acknowledge the kind words and encouragement from the many faculty members and students in the entomology department. I thank Dr. J. Fuxa who allowed me access to his phase contrast microscope for the chromsome work. I also thank Dr. L. Meek for the occasional use of his computer and camera equipment. I also appreciate the advice from Jerry Lenhard on photography related problems. I express sincere appreciation to my parents and my sister who have always been supportive. They always provided an atmosphere of learning. I am grateful to them for not only allowing me, but also encouraging me to study whatever I became interested in. I offer my sincerest gratitude to my wife, Jayma, to whom I dedicate this dissertation. Without her friendship and companionship this project would not have been possible. Her tolerance and support provided the inspiration needed to complete this study. v DISCLAIMER The new species described in the present document are not intended as a permanent scientific record. These new names will be published subsequently in scientific journals, and the publication date of the species should be taken from the journal publication dates, Until such time, these names and the new combinations proposed herein should not be used by other authors. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE ABSTRACT ..... ................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................. iv DISCLAIMER ...................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES .................................. ix LIST OF M A P S ....................................... xi I. INTRODUCTION ....................................... 1 II. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................ 3 History of the genus Thyanta ........ 3 Color forms .......... 8 Karyology .................................. 9 Host plants ......... .............. 9 Parasites and predators ............ 13 Biology ..................................... 14 III. MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................ 16 Borrowed specimens ......... 16 Type specimens .............. 20 Collecting . .............................. 20 Dissection of genitalia . ......... ..... 21 Illustrations .................... 22 Measurements ................................ 23 vii Rearing specimens .......................... 23 Cross-breeding , ................ 23 Free-choice
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