Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area: Outstanding Basin Waters
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Ecosystem Flow Recommendations for the Delaware River Basin
Ecosystem Flow Recommendations for the Delaware River Basin Report to the Delaware River Basin Commission Upper Delaware River © George Gress Submitted by The Nature Conservancy December 2013 THE NATURE CONSERVANCY Ecosystem Flow Recommendations for the Delaware River Basin December 2013 Report prepared by The Nature Conservancy Michele DePhilip Tara Moberg The Nature Conservancy 2101 N. Front St Building #1, Suite 200 Harrisburg, PA 17110 Phone: (717) 232‐6001 E‐mail: Michele DePhilip, [email protected] Suggested citation: DePhilip, M. and T. Moberg. 2013. Ecosystem flow recommendations for the Delaware River basin. The Nature Conservancy. Harrisburg, PA. Table of Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................. iii Project Summary ................................................................................................................................... iv Section 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Project Description and Goals ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Project Approach ........................................................................................................................ 2 Section 2: Project Area and Basin Characteristics .................................................................... 6 2.1 Project Area ................................................................................................................................. -
Delaware River Restoration Fund 2018 Grant Slate
Delaware River Restoration Fund 2018 Grant Slate NFWF CONTACTS Rachel Dawson Program Director, Delaware River [email protected] 202-595-2643 Jessica Lillquist Coordinator, Delaware River [email protected] 202-595-2612 PARTNERS • The William Penn Foundation • U.S. Forest Service • U.S. Department of Agriculture (NRCS) • American Forest Foundation To learn more, go to www.nfwf.org/delaware ABOUT NFWF Delaware River flowing through the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area | Credit: Jim Lukach The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) protects and OVERVIEW restores our nation’s fish and The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) and The William Penn Foundation wildlife and their habitats. Created by Congress in 1984, NFWF directs public conservation announced the fifth-year round of funding for the Delaware River Restoration Fund dollars to the most pressing projects. Thirteen new or continuing water conservation and restoration grants totaling environmental needs and $2.2 million were awarded, drawing $3.5 million in match from grantees and generating a matches those investments total conservation impact of $5.7 million. with private funds. Learn more at www.nfwf.org As part of the broader Delaware River Watershed Initiative, the William Penn Foundation provided $6 million in grant funding for NFWF to continue to administer competitively NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS through its Delaware River Restoration Fund in targeted regions throughout the 1133 15th Street, NW Delaware River watershed for the next three years. This year, NFWF is also beginning to Suite 1000 award grants that address priorities in its new Delaware River Watershed Business Plan. Washington, D.C., 20005 Delaware River Restoration Fund grants are multistate investments to restore habitats 202-857-0166 and deliver practices that ultimately improve(continued) and protect critical sources of drinking water. -
. Hikes at The
Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area Hikes at the Gap Pennsylvania (Mt. Minsi) 4. Resort Point Spur to Appalachian Trail To Mt. Minsi PA from Kittatinny Point NJ This 1/4-mile blue-blazed trail begins across Turn right out of the visitor center parking lot. 1. Appalachian Trail South to Mt. Minsi (white blaze) Follow signs to Interstate 80 west over the river Route 611 from Resort Point Overlook (Toll), staying to the right. Take PA Exit 310 just The AT passes through the village of Delaware Water Gap (40.978171 -75.138205) -- cross carefully! -- after the toll. Follow signs to Rt. 611 south, turn to Mt. Minsi/Lake Lenape parking area (40.979754 and climbs up to Lake Lenape along a stream right at the light at the end of the ramp; turn left at -75.142189) off Mountain Rd.The trail then climbs 1-1/2 that once ran through the basement of the next light in the village; turn right 300 yards miles and 1,060 ft. to the top of Mt. Minsi, with views Kittatinny Hotel. (Look in the parking area for later at Deerhead Inn onto Mountain Rd. About 0.1 mile later turn left onto a paved road with an over the Gap and Mt. Tammany NJ. the round base of the hotel’s fountain.) At the Appalachian Trail (AT) marker to the parking top, turn left for views of the Gap along the AT area. Rock 2. Table Rock Spur southbound, or turn right for a short walk on Cores This 1/4-mile spur branches off the right of the Fire Road the AT northbound to Lake Lenape parking. -
Climate Change, Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area Patrick Gonzalez
Climate Change, Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area Patrick Gonzalez Abstract Greenhouse gas emissions from human activities have caused global climate change and widespread impacts on physical systems, ecosystems, and biodiversity. To assist in the integration of climate change science into resource management in Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (NRA), particularly the proposed restoration of wetlands at Watergate, this report presents: (1) results of original spatial analyses of historical and projected climate trends at 800 m spatial resolution, (2) results of a systematic scientific literature review of historical impacts, future vulnerabilities, and carbon, focusing on research conducted in the park, and (3) results of original spatial analyses of precipitation in the Vancampens Brook watershed, location of the Watergate wetlands. Average annual temperature from 1950 to 2010 increased at statistically significant rates of 1.1 ± 0.5ºC (2 ± 0.9ºF.) per century (mean ± standard error) for the area within park boundaries and 0.9 ± 0.4ºC (1.6 ± 0.7ºF.) per century for the Vancampens Brook watershed. The greatest temperature increase in the park was in spring. Total annual precipitation from 1950 to 2010 showed no statistically significant change. Few analyses of field data from within or near the park have detected historical changes that have been attributed to human climate change, although regional analyses of bird counts from across the United States (U.S.) show that climate change shifted winter bird ranges northward 0.5 ± 0.3 km (0.3 ± 0.2 mi.) per year from 1975 to 2004. With continued emissions of greenhouse gases, projections under the four emissions scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate annual average temperature increases of up to 5.2 ± 1ºC (9 ± 2º F.) (mean ± standard deviation) from 2000 to 2100 for the park as a whole. -
To Middle Silurian) in Eastern Pennsylvania
The Shawangunk Formation (Upper OrdovicianC?) to Middle Silurian) in Eastern Pennsylvania GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 744 Work done in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Depa rtm ent of Enviro nm ental Resources^ Bureau of Topographic and Geological Survey The Shawangunk Formation (Upper Ordovician (?) to Middle Silurian) in Eastern Pennsylvania By JACK B. EPSTEIN and ANITA G. EPSTEIN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 744 Work done in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources, Bureau of Topographic and Geological Survey Statigraphy, petrography, sedimentology, and a discussion of the age of a lower Paleozoic fluvial and transitional marine clastic sequence in eastern Pennsylvania UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1972 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 74-189667 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 65 cents (paper cover) Stock Number 2401-2098 CONTENTS Page Abstract _____________________________________________ 1 Introduction __________________________________________ 1 Shawangunk Formation ___________________________________ 1 Weiders Member __________ ________________________ 2 Minsi Member ___________________________________ 5 Lizard Creek Member _________________________________ 7 Tammany Member _______________________________-_ 12 Age of the Shawangunk Formation _______ __________-___ 14 Depositional environments and paleogeography _______________ 16 Measured sections ______________________________________ 23 References cited ________________________________________ 42 ILLUSTRATIONS Page FIGURE 1. Generalized geologic map showing outcrop belt of the Shawangunk Formation in eastern Pennsylvania and northwestern New Jersey ___________________-_ 3 2. Stratigraphic section of the Shawangunk Formation in the report area ___ 3 3-21. Photographs showing 3. Conglomerate and quartzite, Weiders Member, Lehigh Gap ____ 4 4. -
Drainage Patterns
Drainage Patterns Over time, a stream system achieves a particular drainage pattern to its network of stream channels and tributaries as determined by local geologic factors. Drainage patterns or nets are classified on the basis of their form and texture. Their shape or pattern develops in response to the local topography and Figure 1 Aerial photo illustrating subsurface geology. Drainage channels develop where surface dendritic pattern in Gila County, AZ. runoff is enhanced and earth materials provide the least Courtesy USGS resistance to erosion. The texture is governed by soil infiltration, and the volume of water available in a given period of time to enter the surface. If the soil has only a moderate infiltration capacity and a small amount of precipitation strikes the surface over a given period of time, the water will likely soak in rather than evaporate away. If a large amount of water strikes the surface then more water will evaporate, soaks into the surface, or ponds on level ground. On sloping surfaces this excess water will runoff. Fewer drainage channels will develop where the surface is flat and the soil infiltration is high because the water will soak into the surface. The fewer number of channels, the coarser will be the drainage pattern. Dendritic drainage pattern A dendritic drainage pattern is the most common form and looks like the branching pattern of tree roots. It develops in regions underlain by homogeneous material. That is, the subsurface geology has a similar resistance to weathering so there is no apparent control over the direction the tributaries take. -
Drainage Basin Morphology in the Central Coast Range of Oregon
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF WENDY ADAMS NIEM for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in GEOGRAPHY presented on July 21, 1976 Title: DRAINAGE BASIN MORPHOLOGY IN THE CENTRAL COAST RANGE OF OREGON Abstract approved: Redacted for privacy Dr. James F. Lahey / The four major streams of the central Coast Range of Oregon are: the westward-flowing Siletz and Yaquina Rivers and the eastward-flowing Luckiamute and Marys Rivers. These fifth- and sixth-order streams conform to the laws of drain- age composition of R. E. Horton. The drainage densities and texture ratios calculated for these streams indicate coarse to medium texture compa- rable to basins in the Carboniferous sandstones of the Appalachian Plateau in Pennsylvania. Little variation in the values of these parameters occurs between basins on igneous rook and basins on sedimentary rock. The length of overland flow ranges from approximately i mile to i mile. Two thousand eight hundred twenty-five to 6,140 square feet are necessary to support one foot of channel in the central Coast Range. Maximum elevation in the area is 4,097 feet at Marys Peak which is the highest point in the Oregon Coast Range. The average elevation of summits in the thesis area is ap- proximately 1500 feet. The calculated relief ratios for the Siletz, Yaquina, Marys, and Luckiamute Rivers are compara- ble to relief ratios of streams on the Gulf and Atlantic coastal plains and on the Appalachian Piedmont. Coast Range streams respond quickly to increased rain- fall, and runoff is rapid. The Siletz has the largest an- nual discharge and the highest sustained discharge during the dry summer months. -
The Water' Cycle
'I ." Name'~~_~__-,,__....,......,....,......, ~ Class --,-_......,...._------,__ Date ....,......,-.:-_ ..: .•..'-' .. M.ODERN EARTH SCIENCE Section 1s.i The Water' Cycle • Read each statement below. If the statement .ls true, write T in the space provided. If the statement is false, write Fin tbe space provided. -'- 1. The hydrologic cycle is also called the water cycle. 2. Most water evaporating from the earth's surface evaporates from rivers and lakes. 3. When water vapor rises in the atmosphere, it expands and cools. 4. Evapotranspiration increases with increasing temperature. 5. Most water used by industry is recycled. 6. Irrigation is often necessary in areas having high evapotranspiration. Cboose the one best response. Write tbe letter of tbat cboice in tbe space provided. 7. Which of the following is an artificial means of producing fresh water from ocean water? .--i a. desalination b. saltation • c. evapotranspiration d. condensation 8. Which of the following is represented by this diagram? a. the earth's water budget b. local water budget . c. groundwater movement -·d. surface runoff 9. The arrow labeled X represents: a. absorption. b. evaporation.. c. rejuvenation. d. transpiration. _ 10. Approximately what percentage of the earth's precipitation falls-on the ocean? a. 5% b. 25% c. 750/0 d. 99% t • Chapter 13 47 l H_R_w_..._"_ter"_:_al_....._p_yrighted undernotice appearing earlier in thisworic. .'. Name _ Class _ Date - MODERN EARTH SCIENCE .... '''; ... .secti~n'· if2 River Systems Choose the one best response. Write the letter of that choice in the space provided. 1. What is the term for the main stream and tributaries of a river? a. -
How the Gap Formed
Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area How the Gap formed What is a water gap? Several words in the English language The Delaware Water Gap is justly famous for denote a “break” or “cleft” in the moun- its depth, width, and scenic beauty. The Gap tains. Chasm and notch are popular in New is a mile wide from New Jersey’s Mount England; pass and gorge in the South and Tammany (1,527 feet) to Pennsylvania’s West of the United States. Gap is especially Mount Minsi (1,463 feet.) The Gap is about common in this part of the country. 1,200 feet deep from the tops of these mountains to the surface of the river, which A gap or wind gap is a break or pass through at this point is 290 feet above sea level. The the mountains, in this case the Appalachian maximum depth of the river at the Gap is Mountains. A water gap is a pass that a river about 55 feet. runs through. How does a gap form? Geology is the study of the earth’s forma- Starting with Native American legend, there tion. Though the geologist’s time frame may have been many ideas about how the seem vast and remote, the results of Delaware Water Gap formed. One current geological processes are the mountains we theory explains the Gap through a series of hike on, the river we swim in, and the processes: continental shift (involving plate scenery we admire. tectonics), mountain building (orogeny), erosion, and the “capturing” of rivers and streams. -
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid and the Disintegration of Eastern Hemlock Ecosystems
Hemlock woolly adelgid and the disintegration of eastern hemlock ecosystems By Richard A. Evans An alien insect is causing decline in eastern hemlock forests, many species of wildlife. In contrast, the species most leading to the loss of native biodiversity, and opening the likely to expand in declining hemlock stands include way for invasions of alien plants deciduous trees, white pine (Pinus strobus), and invasive alien plants like “tree-of-heaven” (Ailanthus altissima), Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) is an aphid- Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii), and Japanese like insect native to Asia that feeds exclusively on hem- stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) (Orwig and Foster lock (Tsuga spp.) trees. First documented in Richmond, 1996, Battles et al. 1999). These species will not provide Virginia, in 1951, hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) now habitat or ecological functions resembling those of east- occurs in 13 states, from Georgia to New Hampshire. ern hemlock (fig. 1). During the past decade, HWA has been associated with widespread, severe decline and mortality of eastern hem- lock (T. canadensis) trees. The insect also debilitates Carolina hemlock (T. caroliniana), the other hemlock species native to the eastern United States. The geograph- ic range of Carolina hemlock is limited to the southern- most Appalachian Mountains, which has just recently been infested by HWA. Examples of National Park System areas affected by HWA include Great Smoky Mountains and Shenandoah National Parks, New River Gorge National River, Catoctin Mountain Park, and Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Eastern hemlock is an ecologically important and influ- ential conifer that for thousands of years was a major component of forests over much of the eastern United States. -
Map # Trail Name Distance Rating ‡ Pg
Park Trails MILFORD Map # Trail Name Distance Rating ‡ Pg # 1 1 Buchanan 1.1mi / 1.8km 10 Milford Beach (fee area) 84 Cliff 2.8mi / 4.5km Appalachian Trail North Contact Station 8 To Scranton Cliff Park Inn golf course Hackers 1.4mi / 2.3km Other hiking trail Montague North Milford Knob 1.3mi / 2.0km Joseph M. McDade 1 206 Recreational Trail (biking and hiking) Pond Loop 0.7mi / 1.1km Joseph M. McDade Recreational Trail (hiking only) Quarry Path 0.5 mi / 0.8km 2 r 209 e 0 5 Kilometers d v Raymondskill Creek 0.3mi / 0.4km a i C o o R R 0 5 Miles n Jager Ro e ad a 2001 s n i h 2 Conashaugh View CLOSED in 2019 a M d u a g d h l o O R R d o a 3 George W. Childs Park CLOSED in 2019 a o 739 d 5 R d r 2 e 4 o Dingmans Creek 0.4mi / 4.0km e f r l i g a d i M Marie w R a 5 Zimmermann l 645 Upper Ridge Road 2.5mi / 4.0km 11 House e D 6 Hornbecks Creek CLOSED in 2019 To 560 Branchville Dingmans Ferry Layton 7 Fossil 1.0mi / 1.6km 11 Access e (fee area) Lak R oad 4 Ridgeline 3.0mi / 4.8km ilver 560 S George W. Childs 3 Park Dingmans Ferry 615 Scenic Gorge 2.0mi / 3.2km Dingmans Campground Dingmans Falls Tumbling Waters 2.8mi / 4.5km Peters Valley Visitor Center School of Craft (open seasonally) Two Ponds 1.5mi / 2.4km 8 E d m a o e R r 8 McDade Recreational 32mi / 51.5km 14 y e n i M PENNSYLVANIA STOKES 6 d l 9 Military Road 1.0mi / 1.6km 15 R O o NPS a d 615 STATE Walpack Ridge 3.0mi / 4.8km 7 FOREST 9 10 Buttermilk Falls 1.4mi / 2.3km 15 Pocono Environmental Education Center Walpack Center 11 Toms Creek 0.8mi / 1.3km 14 7 209 12 Blue Mountain Lakes -
Black Bear Regulations
Black Bear Regulations Black Bear Hunting After Harvesting a Bear —Mandatory Bear Check included in Area 2. Black Bear Hunting Area 1 is Season: Requirement surrounded by Black Bear Hunting Area 2. Firearm or Bow and Arrow: Properly licensed hunters who harvest a black bear September 18 and must immediately tag the bear with a “bear transporta- The season will close when the black bear harvest September 22, 2000 in Bear tion tag” indicating the current and valid hunting objective of 175 is achieved. The notification number Hunting Area 1; Bow and license number, hunter’s name and address, date and for season closures is the permit hotline number, 609- Arrow Only: September 30 time of kill, county and township of kill and sex of 292-9192. Notification will also be announced by - October 27, 2000 in Bear bear. The Division will supply the bear transportation press, radio, and the Division’s website Hunting Area 1 and 2 tag, which will be available at Division offices, at (www.state.nj.us/dep/fgw). Firearm or Bow and Arrow: December 4 -9, 2000 in license issuing agencies, and at bear hunting seminars Bear Hunting Area 1 and 2 conducted by the Division. Hunters must get a bear Mandatory Black Bear Check Stations: transportation tag prior to hunting for bear. All black Hunterdon County: Firearms, Bows and Ammunition Legal bear must be taken by the hunter who killed the bear Clinton Wildlife Management Area Office, 7 Van for Bear Hunting: to a designated bear checking station by 10:00 p.m. to Syckel’s Road, Hampton Shotgun: Not smaller than 20 gauge and not larger be tagged with a “Black Bear Possession Tag” provid- Sussex County: than 10 gauge, capable of holding no more than 3 ed by the Division.