17Th AETFAT Congress New Books from SABONET Living

Newsletter of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Volume 8 No. 2 ISSN 1027-4286 January 2004

17th AETFAT Congress

New Books fromfrom SABONET

Living Collections: Zambia and South Africa

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 69 contents

Book Reviews

ON OUR COVER: Stipagrostis plain in the 100 Invasive Aquatic Plants Usakos area. (Photo: S. Schubert) 101 Swaziland ferns and fern allies Cover Stories Regulars

75 SABONET’s Participation at 71 Editorial the 17th AETFAT Congress 72 Letters to the Editors 80 New books from SABONET 102 From the Web 84 Living plant collections: The Natal National Botanical 108 The Paper Chase Garden 115 Regional News Update 86 Living plant collections: The Botanical Garden: a 121 E-mail Addresses Window on National Plant Diversity 91 Living plant collections: 80 New books from SABONET Developing a Teaching Botanic Garden at the University of Zambia Features

73 Profile: Dr Salomão Bandeira 74 Profile: Soul Shava 82 The Eduardo Mondlane University Herbarium, Mozambique 96 Threatened Plants Programme Gerbera aurantiaca: Flagship Species 75 AETFAT Congress 115 Regional News

84 Natal National Botanical Garden 96 Gerbera

70 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 letter from the editors Newsletter of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Editors Yolande Steenkamp EDITORS: YOLANDE STEENKAMP & MARTHINA MÖSSMER Marthina Mössmer Copy editors Lidia Gibson & Hanlie van Heerden ecent months have seen many changes at the SABONET Regional Coordinator’s R Office! Design and Layout Antoinette Burkhardt Vanilla Design Studio Dr Stefan Siebert left for a teaching position at the University of Zululand earlier this year, (27) 82 909-0109 and has been replaced by Yolande Steenkamp. Yolande will manage the SABONET Project to its close in mid-2004. Reproduction and Printing Business Print Centre Yolande is ably assisted by Elsabé Malan, who has been working as administrative and (27) 12 349-2295 financial officer since Nyasha Rukazhanga-Noko and Ms Lorna Davis left the project for Subscriptions new positions at the National Botanical Institute and the University of the Witwatersrand Elsabé Malan respectively. [email protected]

We have also had many welcome additions on the editorial front in the past several months: Website Celia Belgraver de Vos, Lidia Gibson, Nicole Meyer, and Hanlie van Heerden are all assisting www.sabonet.org with the editing of the many manuscripts we have received for publication this year. Submission of Manuscripts Antoinette Burkhardt is still the design and layout expert for all our publications, including Marthina Mössmer SABONET News. [email protected] See Instructions to Authors on page 72. E-mail addresses have of course also changed, so here is a quick update: SABONET News is the official newsletter Yolande Steenkamp—Regional Coordinator—[email protected] of the Southern African Botanical Elsabé Malan—Administrative and Financial Officer—[email protected] Diversity Network (SABONET). Marthina Mössmer—Editor-in-Chief—[email protected]

In this issue we include profiles for Dr Salomão Bandeira and Soul Shava, and articles on SABONET participation at the 17th AETFAT Congress and the Eduardo Mondlane University Herbarium. Our Living Collections section features the Natal National Botani- SABONET National Botanical Institute cal Garden, the development of botanic gardens in Zambia, and the Threatened Plants Private Bag X101 Programme. Regional News includes information on internships to Cape Town and Pretoria 0001 Pretoria, field trips to the Kaokoveld and the Khomas Hochland in Namibia, and a report SOUTH AFRICA on retracing Burchell’s route in the eastern Cape, South Africa. Read more about the Tel.: (27) 12 804-3200 latest SABONET publications on page 80. Fax: (27) 12 804-5979/3211

Enjoy your reading! SABONET News is published in March, July and November and is distributed free of charge. —Yolande Steenkamp & Marthina Mössmer Printed on acid-free Dukuza Plus Matte coated paper, which contains a minimum of 60% bagasse—the residue remaining after sugar has been extracted from sugar cane.

This newsletter was made possible through support provided by the GEF/UNDP (SABONET is a GEF Project implemented by the UNDP) and the Regional Centre for Southern Africa, Gaborone, Botswana, US Agency for International Development (Plot no. 14818 Lebatlane Road, Gaborone West, Extension 6 Gaborone), under the terms of the Grant No. 690- 0283-A-00-5950. The opinions expressed in the newsletter are those of the authors and do not nec- essarily reflect the views of the US Agency for Inter- national Development, the GEF/UNDP, the SABONET Steering Committee or the National Working Groups.

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 71 letters to the editors [email protected]

he March 2003 issue of SABONET from the ten participating countries. relations between the Regional Office, all TNews was packed with educational Nyasha, who was project secretary until par-ticipating countries, and the and informative articles. My attention recently, has left the SABONET team for SABONET staff. was drawn by two articles in particular: a new job. She delivered high quality “A Tribute to SABONET Contract Staff” work and I am glad that this has been Lastly, thank you to the Global and “Farewell Nyasha!”. As a member of recognised by the NBI. “All the best to Environment Facility (GEF) and the the SABONET team since December you Nyasha!” As a capacity-building United Nations Development Programme 2000, I feel convinced that the great initiative, the SABONET project has been (UNDP) for funding SABONET, also to the network of participating countries will very successful, equipping people with Regional Office, participating countries, remain strong into the future, building on many skills that will serve them well after fellow SABONET staff from all over, NBI the knowledge of the importance of plant completion of the project. staff, and staff members of the Herbarium diversity in southern Africa, not only as a of Malawi, for their great support. And unique heritage, but as an essential part Thank you, Stefan and Nyasha, for the to the SABONET News editors: “Keep it of our daily lives and needs. article “Tribute to SABONET Contract up! You are doing a good job.” Staff”. I am proud to have been a member I attended an advanced Database of this successful team. Through —Donald Mpalika Management and Networking course at interaction and knowledge gained, I can National Herbarium of Malawi the Pretoria National Herbarium in May make a meaningful contribution to my Zomba 2002. It was during this visit that I felt the institution and country. As I have taken [email protected] great bond that exists among the my leave of the SABONET project on 30 [email protected] members of SABONET. I had the June 2003, I bid farewell to a project that opportunity to meet fellow data capturers will always be remembered for the good

Various SABONET expeditions. (Photos: SABONET)

instructions to authors

1) Manuscripts should preferably be in 4) If possible, include colour slides, black-and- 7) Look at the most recent issue of SABONET English. white photographs, or line drawings to News for stylistic conventions. 2) If possible, text should be sent in electronic illustrate articles. If you want to submit 8) SABONET News holds the right to edit any format via e-mail or on a stiffy disk and scanned images with your article, scan received copy. should be in Microsoft Word, WordPerfect, them at 300 dpi and save as TIF or JPEG 9) Manuscripts should be sent to Marthina or Rich Text Format. Otherwise, hard copy files. Mössmer. Via e-mail: [email protected] can be sent or faxed to the SABONET 5) Caption all tables, figures, and photographs Hard copy: SABONET, National Botanical head office. clearly on a separate sheet. Include Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, 3) Tables and charts should be in one of the photographer credits. SOUTH AFRICA. Fax: (27) 12 804-5979/ following formats: Microsoft Excel, Quattro 6) Each author should provide name, 3211. Pro, Lotus 1-2-3, or Harvard Graphics. affiliation, postal address, telephone and fax 10) Submissions for the next issue should Data must be supplied with charts. numbers, and an e-mail address (if reach the editors before 29 February applicable). 2004. Late submissions will not be included.

72 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 the civil war in Mozambique. This choice One of Dr Bandeira’s special interests in of location steered Salomão’s studies in the terrestrial botany is that of traditional direction of marine botany. At the time medicine. He has been involved in Profile there was a capacity-building project gathering information (and in training oth- funded by SIDA (Swedish International ers to do so) on traditional medicinal prac- Development Agency) that took place in co- tices, the systems of harvesting, preparing, operation with the government of distributing and marketing plant-based Mozambique. SIDA funded graduate work medicines. He has researched the impact in the marine sciences. As a result, Salomão of these activities on biodiversity, and how Dr Salomão Bandeira was selected to enroll in the Master of to respond to the problem of over-harvest- Science program at Gothenburg University ing. He has published several articles on in Sweden. After having successfully the topic. Related to this is a general inter- acquired his M.Sc. degree in 1994, he was est in traditional folklore regarding plants, alomão Bandeira was born on 17 pleased to be selected for the PhD program and also in their vernacular names. S September 1965 at Maxixe, west of in the Department of Marine Botany at Inhambane Bay, in southern Mozambique, Gothenburg. In 2000 he successfully Subjects of early interest for Dr Bandeira an area of coastal mosaic vegetation defended his PhD thesis on seagrass included the non-medicinal uses of plants, interspersed with coconut tree plantations. diversity and ecology and was awarded a the impact that collecting them has on the The area, including the bay, has extensive doctorate. He was one of the few people environment, and how to encourage sus- mangroves and seagrass beds. He lived who recognised the importance of seagrass tainable conservation practices. In addition most of his childhood at Gondola, a railway ecosystems, a research field that today is to deforestation, he is concerned about village in central Mozambique, which considered one of the most important for degradation of other vegetation communi- consists primarily of miombo and mixed coastal zone management in the tropics. ties, including through unsustainable ag- woodland. riculture practices. He has a special inter- A Rich Career est in the intricacies of how abandoned When Salomão went out to cultivate the fields regenerate over time. family fields or walked to school, or During Dr Bandeira’s studies for his PhD, explored the surrounding areas during his he was fully engaged in an evolving career A Tremendous Task free time, he was already observing the in the Department of Biological Sciences, natural world around him, eager to learn Universidade Eduardo Mondlane. In 2000 Dr Bandeira’s interest in marine botany all he could about it. During school he was elected Chairman of the naturally led to a growing interest in inland holidays, his father, a railway worker, used Department of Biological Sciences, a aquatic botany and he has recently been to take him and his brother per cargo train position he held till 2003. In 2002 he was involved, through the university, in taking to the Beira Corridor. There the scenery was promoted to assistant professor in botany. an inventory of fresh water plants in various different and this further stimulated his rivers in the Maputo Province. interest in natural history. His interest in Dr Bandeira’s marine botany research marine biology was born after he moved focused mainly on seagrasses, but at the Dr Bandeira has a particular interest in to Maputo, aged 14. He was fascinated by same time he also worked with seaweeds, threatened species and has been known to the city shoreline, by the island of Inhaca mangroves, and various aspects of terres- refuse to collect a specimen if he sees only out in the Bay of Maputo, and by Bilene, a trial botany. The contributions by Dr one. He realises that controlling the threat coastal town several hours to the north. Bandeira in these fields have been recog- to rare and over-collected species is very nised internationally, and are often quoted difficult anywhere, but shares a Education in the scientific press. In total, Dr Bandeira determination with other local botanists to has published over 18 papers in the field of try to monitor the situation as well as Salomão received his primary education in marine botany, as well as several papers in possible. Beira and Gondola (1972-1976) and at- terrestrial botany. tended secondary school in Chimoio and Much of the flora of Mozambique is poorly Maputo (1977-1984). In 1992 he finished his Dr Bandeira is a very active international surveyed and Dr Bandeira has been organ- 5-year Licenciatura at the University researcher, who has supervised several BSc ising expeditions to the least well-known Eduardo Mondlane (UEM), Department of and MSc students. He currently co- areas of botanical interest. He has also been Biological Sciences. His thesis was on ordinates several international research involved in managing the herbarium at seagrass taxonomy and distribution at programmes funded by the European UEM, in making many improvements Inhaca Island. He was one of the first Union, Swedish Sida, The Netherlands there, and in overseeing the ongoing up- biology graduates in the country. As a result (NUFFIC) and others. dating of the curation of specimens. of his excellent performance as a student, he succeeded in getting a position as a Versatility An Inspired Vision! junior lecturer at Universidade Eduardo Mondlane. Salomão’s career as a While Dr Bandeira has become an author- Not intimidated by big projects, Dr professional botanist began in the late ity on marine botany, including the Salomão Bandeira has been a driving force eighties when Dr Jan de Koning (currently macroalgae, seagrasses, and mangrove behind the regeneration of the university Director of the Leiden Botanic Gardens in communities, he also has a broad exper- botanical garden, which had been used for the Netherlands) supervised his studies in tise in terrestrial and inland aquatic botany. cultivating food during the civil war. basic herbarium techniques, plant collect- Although a taxonomist by training, he ap- Through UNESCO he has been able to find ing, and seagrass taxonomy. Inhaca Island, proaches botany from many different per- funding to develop the garden, taking a per- a place rich in history and relatively un- spectives and this is reflected in his vari- sonal role in redesigning it, and in restock- spoiled, provided the ideal opportunity for ous projects and publications. ing the plant beds through collections fieldwork, as it was a safe location during made on expeditions around the country.

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 73 He was co-author of two pamphlets about sources and Sustainable Development”. the garden, and a brochure entitled O Jardim Botánico Universit·rio de Maputo In the field of terrestrial botany, his pub- Profile e a Conservação das Plantas Medicinais e lications have focused on aspects of plant Plantas Ameaçadas. Through these pub- diversity and utilisation, conservation, lications he has aimed to promote his am- medicinal plants and ecology. Topics in- bitions for the development of the garden clude the diversity and uses of plant spe- as a resource for the general public. It is cies at Goba in the Lebombo Mountains; his dream that the garden will house an non-medicinal plant uses on Inhaca Is- education centre, a medicinal plant con- land; African ethnobotany and servation centre, and be a place of peace healthcare, especially in Mozambique; and beauty at the edge of the city. and the ecology and conservation status of plant resources in Mozambique. He has Approachable been involved in several consulting projects throughout the country. He is As an assistant professor, Dr Salomão currently co-authoring two books. The Bandeira has been involved in improving first, with D.Bolnick, entitled “A Guide to the technique of teaching botany at UEM, Wild Flowers of Southern Mozambique / and in promoting research, publishing Flores Nativas do Sul de Moçambique”, Soul Shava and other professional development will cover over 300 species. The second among the staff. One of the highlights of book, is co-authored with H.Beentje: “A oul was born in the mining and wild- his career was the co-organisation of an Field Guide to the Mangroves of Africa and Slife resort town of Hwange (then exhibit in Maputo, held for the King and Madagascar”. Dr Bandeira is particularly Wankie), Zimbabwe, on 14 October 1967. Queen of Sweden, in 1998. The exhibit interested in the genus Ceropegia, and in He completed primary education at focussed on the marine biology program the plant families Amaryllidaceae, Maphisa School in Bulawayo and second- and the Marine Biological Station of Malvaceae and Iridaceae. ary education up to Ordinary Level at Inhaca Island. Ihlathi School. He went on to complete an It Runs in the Family! Advanced Level secondary education at As a teacher, he is popular and well re- Manama High School in Gwanda in 1986, spected, yet approachable. Dr Bandeira’s wife, Romana, has a PhD graduating top of his Biology class. in entomology and also lectures at UEM. International Involvement Their young daughter, Ambar, loves to go On completing his high school education, and Publications hiking in the bush with her parents. She Soul went on to study at the University of already has an interest in wild flowers. Zimbabwe where he obtained a BSc Hon- For his professional development Dr By the time you read this article, Ambar ours degree in Biological Sciences in 1990. Salomão Bandeira has taken advantage may have a little sister…. He majored in Botany and Ecology. of various conferences and workshops, including as a participant, in Africa, Aus- —D. Bolnick, M. Björk & F. Barbosa Soul started work at the National Her- tralia, Europe and the USA. In 1997, at the barium and Botanic Garden of Zimbabwe AETFAT Congress in Harare, Dr Bandeira in 1994 after four years as a Biology and co-chaired a symposium on “Plant Re- Science teacher at two high schools in Mashonaland Central Province. In his new career, he started off as a Research Officer responsible for environmental education and the curation of the grass section.

Involvement in environmental education eventually culminated in Soul going on the WWF Prince Bernhard Scholarship to Rhodes University, South Africa, where he obtained a Master of Education degree in Environmental Education in 2000.

Soul has a keen interest in indigenous knowledge systems. He has published several articles and booklets on traditional conservation, the use of wild plants for food and medicine in local communities, and on myths and story telling.

Currently Soul is a Principal Research Of- ficer at the National Herbarium and Botanic Garden of Zimbabwe. He is also the curator of the Botanic Garden and heads the Environmental Education section of the institute.

74 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 SABONET’s Participation at the 17th AETFAT Congress

Some of the southern African delegates who attended the XVIIth AETFAT Congress. (Photo: J. Wieringa) From left to right: Ms Gladys Msekandiana (NHBG, Malawi), Ms Ferozah Conrad (NBI, South Africa), Mr Titus Dlamini (National Herbarium, Swaziland), Ms Samira Izidine (INIA, Mozambique), Ms Angela Gono-Bwalya (University Herbarium, Zambia), Ms Angeline Khunou (NBI, South Africa), Ms Ruvimbo Mapaya (National Herbarium, Zimbabwe), Mr Chris Cupido (NBI, South Africa), Prof. Gideon Smith (NBI, South Africa), Dr Gail Reeves (NBI, South Africa), Prof. Brian Huntley (NBI, South Africa), Dr Jameson Seyani (NHBG, Malawi), Mr Erich van Wyk (MSB, South Africa), Dr Stefan Siebert (SABONET, South Africa).

t seems like yesterday when we were ed- the opportunity to attend this international tary General of AETFAT, National Her- Iiting articles on the 16th AETFAT Con- congress to establish networks with promi- barium, Ethiopia), mentioned how pleased gress for SABONET News 5(3) 2000. Two in- nent botanists from other institutions. Stu- they were with the activities and achieve- teresting articles were featured to com- dents who had successfully completed their ments of the project. Considering memorate the 50th year of the Association MSc degrees with financial support from SABONET’s new focus on the Global Strat- for the Taxonomic Study of the Flora of SABONET, were afforded an opportunity egy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), the key- Tropical Africa (AETFAT), one on its history to attend the AETFAT Congress and note address of Prof. Peter Crane, Director (Rammeloo 2000) and another on the As- present their research findings. of Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, was of spe- sociation’s vision for the new millennium cial interest to the project’s efforts to make (Demissew 2000). SABONET was well rep- Six (out of 22) students submitted abstracts taxonomy relevant to plant conservation. resented at the Congress, since the steer- and all were accepted by the convenors of He mentioned that the SABONET project ing committee held a planning meeting to the AETFAT symposia during May/June was probably the most successful digitis- coincide with the historical occasion. 2003. Subsequently, these students were ing initiative of its kind in the world. He funded by SABONET to attend the 17th proposed it as a model to be emulated else- Once again, SABONET is fortunate to share AETFAT Congress in Addis Ababa, Ethio- where as a capacity-building project that some news on AETFAT. The seventeenth pia, from 21-26 September 2003. Sponsored works. He also stressed the value of the congress was held in Ethiopia during Sep- delegates included Ms Samira Izidine (Mo- SABONET Red Data List to support Kew’s tember 2003. Since its inception in 1951 in zambique), Ms Patricia Craven (Namibia), Millennium Seed Bank project in southern Brussels, Belgium, it was the fourth time Mr Christopher Cupido (South Africa), Mr Africa. He urged taxonomists to focus on that the AETFAT Congress had been held Titus Dlamini (Swaziland), Ms Angela capacity-building that would encourage in Africa. Other African venues include Pre- Gono-Bwalya (Zambia) and Ms Ruvimbo taking on a pro-active role regarding in situ toria, South Africa, in 1982, Zomba, Malawi, Mapaya (Zimbabwe). The students ob- conservation. Taxonomists have the poten- in 1991, and Harare, Zimbabwe, in 1997. tained their MSc degrees from the univer- tial to switch on the warning lights for plant sities of Cape Town (3), Pretoria (1), extinctions—prevention is better (and At the SABONET Steering Committee Stellenbosch (1) and Witwatersrand (1). The cheaper) than cure! I sincerely hope that (SSC) meeting held on 29 August 2002, the student delegates and trip coordinator all Prof. Crane’s message has urged taxono- committee stressed the importance of par- presented posters at the AETFAT congress mists to become more involved in plant ticipation by SABONET in an African Con- (abstracts listed at the end of this article). conservation. gress with the magnitude of AETFAT. As SABONET had entered its Exit Strategy to SABONET’s presence at this conference Based on an international recognition of the ensure sustainability in future, it was de- was well received, and several delegates, importance to determine the needs of the cided that young botanists should be given including Prof. Sebsebe Demissew (Secre- users of taxonomic information and her-

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 75 baria, approximately 20 taxonomists and to conservation biology. National Park and paid a visit to a false ba- conservationists present at the AETFAT • Facilitating the distribution of important nana (Ensete ventricosum) farm. We re- Congress, attended an informal meeting data, while countering the belief that turned to Addis Ababa on 1 October and chaired by Mr Jonathan Timberlake data are owned until the work is pub- botanised along the roadsides on the way (Biodiversity Foundation for Africa). Dis- lished, for example, conservation status back through the Rift Valley. The SABONET cussion revolved around means of improv- of undescribed species and the allevia- participants met many botanists on this trip ing the services, offered by taxonomists, to tion of threats. and it is hoped that these links will be be of greater relevance to the conservation • The critical evaluation of the large strengthened in the future. fraternity. I took the liberty of taking notes amount of misinformation and copying at the meeting and present the main ideas of incorrect data – training taxonomists In conclusion, it is important to mention below. I hope that these ideas will evoke in this regard to avoid the repetition of that Ethiopia was a very appropriate venue debate and thought that could result in mistakes. for the seventeenth congress of AETFAT. It more user-orientated products. Of great • The contribution towards a two-way is not the wasteland that we always see por- importance is that it will serve to bring approach of facilitating a collaborative trayed on international news, but a beauti- conservationists and taxonomists closer process of scientific information gath- ful country with a rich botanical heritage. together on the same playing field. ering that would prevent a bottleneck Any botanist will find a visit to Ethiopia very of information delivery between tax- rewarding. Conservationists expressed the following onomy and conservation. needs: • The conduct of workshops to contrib- See you at the next AETFAT congress in • More detailed label information on her- ute towards the development of new Cameroon during 2006! barium specimens, for example always business plans that incorporate include ecological data, abundance of stakeholder needs. These workshops The SABONET-sponsored delegates express taxon, and GPS readings. should involve herbaria and the end- their gratitude to the Steering Committee for • The provision of good scientific infor- users of taxonomic information, affording them the opportunity to attend the mation about rare and threatened plants • The development of stronger links with congress in Addis Ababa and the post- in a user-friendly manner, by means of, CBD focal points and financial decision- congress tour to the Bale Mountains. They for example, posters, talks, and school makers to create opportunities for col- also thank the SABONET Regional Office for programmes. laboration in conservation projects. arranging for their attendance. • The collation and provision of species • The identification of flagship species information required by parks, nature that can be used to conserve unique DEMISSEW, S. 2000. Vision for AETFAT in reserves and other conservancies to in- habitats that contain many rare and en- the next millennium. SABONET News 5: clude checklists, name changes, distri- demic species, as well as infraspecific 147–151. butions, and endemic species per taxa. RAMMELOO, J. 2000. 16th AETFAT biome. • To win hearts and minds – passion is Meeting: Opening speech. SABONET • The setting of standards for taxonomic needed to drive taxonomic contribu- News 5: 142–146. publications to create opportunities for tions towards conservation. —Dr Stefan Siebert Red Data List assessments, abundance Department of Botany calculations, and ecological info to be Five SABONET delegates also participated University of Zululand published alongside taxonomy. in the post-congress tour to the Bale Moun- Private Bag X1001 • To take note of IUCN Red List ap- tains. They were Ms Patricia Craven, Ms KwaDlangezwa 3886 proaches—the data on which initial es- Samira Izidine, Ms Angela Gono-Bwalya, Tel.: +27 35 902 6112 timates are based are minimal, and too Ms Ruvimbo Mapaya and myself, Stefan [email protected] many techniques are available to con- Siebert. We joined a group of over 50 peo- duct assessments. ple and travelled south along the numer- • The development of a website with a ous lakes of the Great Rift Valley. Prof. standardised database to allow sharing Enermu Kelbessa and Dr Nigussu Aklilu of information on rare plants. Case stud- from the University of Ethiopia led the tour. ies involving threat assessments in the Other people who formed part of the group field should be included as well. included Dr Ib Friis, Prof. Peter Linder, Dr • Active participation in the development Eric Knox, Dr Alan Paton and Mr Jonathan of field guides on poorly known areas, Timberlake. The first night (27 September) as well as bringing up to date those that was spent in Goba, a small town at the foot are out of print. of the Bale Mountains. On the second day • The re-direction of management at in- we visited the Sof Omar Caves that lie 100 stitutional level to drive new approaches km east of Goba and spent much time that will ensure the taking of responsi- botanising in the dry Acacia-Commiphora bility concerning plant conservation. woodlands of this area. On day three, we • The development of a framework that travelled up the Bale Mountains and ex- involves stakeholders in taxonomic plored the alpine zone. On the way, we projects to generate data that meet con- passed through the lower lying Juniperus servation needs, for example, forests, Erica heathlands and high altitude, bioregional planning and the produc- giant Lobelia vegetation. We were fortunate tion of Red Lists. to leave our footprints on the second high- • The increase in leadership within (insti- est mountain in Ethiopia, Tullu Deemtu tutional responsibility) to showcase the (4,377 m asl). Day four was spent exploring The giant Lobelia rhynchopetalum strengths of herbaria and to create in- the larger lakes with ample opportunity to growing in the alpine zone of the Bale creased awareness of taxonomy’s value do bird watching. We viewed game at Bale Mountains. (Photo: S.J. Siebert)

76 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 AETFAT Presentations Oral and poster presentations at the AETFAT congress; number of presentations by SABONET members.

Symposium Presentations SABONET Taxonomy of African plants 35 3 Forests and forestry in Africa 15 1 Phytogeography 26 2 Ecology of African vegetation 34 0 Conservation and sustainable use of African plants 36 4 Recent advances in species and generic concepts 15 1 Progress on African Floras 24 1 Convention on Biological Diversity 5 0 190 12

Chemotaxonomy of Salvia stenophylla and Centres of plant endemism and species related taxa diversity in Namibia Angela Gono-Bwalya1*, A.M. Viljoen1, T. De Castro2, B. Demirci3 & K.H.C. Ba∫er3 Patricia Craven1* & P. Vorster2 1Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, 1PO Box 399, Omaruru, Namibia; 2Botany Department, University of University of the Witwatersrand. 7 York rd, Parktown 2193, South Africa; 2De Stellenbosch, Private Bag XI, 7602 Matieland, South Africa; Castro and Brits Ecology Consultants, PO Box 2145, Cresta 2118, Johannes- *[email protected] burg, South Africa; 3Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470-Eskisehir, Turkey; *[email protected] Species richness or diversity, defined as the number of species in a given area, has been mapped for Namibia and the Salvia stenophylla Burch. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae), a peren- same method applied to endemic plant species. Two maps, based nial aromatic herb that is endemic to southern Africa, is closely on georeferenced specimens and records in literature, were over- related to Salvia runcinata L.f. and Salvia repens Burch. ex Benth. laid and compared. Many areas were found to correspond and The specific limits between the three taxa are not clear and deter- localities with high overall species diversity and endemism were mined the main objective of this study, that is, taxonomic delimita- detected. Reasons for the richness in the identified areas are sug- tion using chemical data. Since S. stenophylla is reported to con- gested. Centres of plant endemism and diversity have also been tain α-bisabolol, a compound that has anti-inflammatory and identified in Namibia, using a different approach based on geo- wound-healing properties, the identification of favourable graphical distributions of individual taxa. Differences between chemotypes for commercial development was undertaken. Plant these centres are discussed, for example the Kaokoveld, Gariep material was collected from 28 different populations. Trichome and lesser-known ones, and the locations identified in the first studies were performed using scanning electron microscopy approach. The first approach examined all species, regardless of (SEM). The hydrodistilled essential oil was analysed by gas chro- their locality in the world, while the latter approach was only con- matography coupled to mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The SEM cerned with range-restricted taxa, in particular those limited to results showed a diversity of trichomes, even though they did not Namibia. Our study looked at the geographical ranges, not taking reveal variation of the types between the different taxa. The essen- growth form or other factors like climate and topography into con- tial oil composition showed immense qualitative and quantitative sideration. The data obtained on the distribution ranges of in- variation within and between populations of the same taxon, as dividual endemic species were compared with taxon well as of different taxa. The cluster analysis of the qualitative data phytogeographic centres— numerous species were found to cor- retrieved three distinct groupings, which broadly supports the respond to these centres. delimitation of L.E.W. Codd, emphasising the value of chemical characters in taxonomic studies. Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Melianthus L. (Melianthaceae) Systematic studies in the genus Merciera (Campanulaceae): a re-assessment of spe- Titus S. Dlamini1* & H.P. Linder2 cies boundaries 1*National Herbarium, Malkerns Agricultural Research Station, P.O. Box 4, Malkerns, Swaziland; 2Institute for Systematics, Switzerland; Chris N. Cupido1* *[email protected] 1Compton Herbarium, National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735, Cape Town, South Africa; *[email protected] Melianthus L. is a southern African genus of eight species of shrubs and woody herbs. The genus has an extremely diverse Patterns of morphological variation were investigated in floral morphology. All flowers have a cup-shaped nectary and they the genus Merciera A.DC. to re-assess the species boundaries. This exude copious amounts of unusual black nectar. We present a sum- study differs from previous studies in the genus, because it em- mary of the biology, phylogeny, and ecology of the genus, as well ploys multivariate statistical methods. The study entailed the analy- as the implications of species distribution. Since Melianthus has sis of vegetative and floral characters obtained from herbarium adapted to the afromontane grasslands in the eastern part of south- specimens. The results of cluster analysis and principal coordi- ern Africa, as well as to the semi-arid parts in the western part of nates analysis support the recognition of six taxa. the sub-continent, the genus is best placed to test documented

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 77 theories on the evolution of the flora of southern Africa. A cladistic form of short Sand Forest that covers about 14 000 ha in the Licuáti analysis of morphological characters (including vegetative, floral, Forest Reserve, southern Mozambique. Characteristics include pollen, and seed coat structure), using Bersama and Greyia as prob- vegetation structure, floristic composition, and high levels of enable sister species, reveals that the genus is monophyletic, with M. demism. The aim of this study was to gather information on the major retrieved as the basal species and the rest of the species floristic composition, utilisation and conservation of Licuáti Thicket clustered between two major clades. Hawk’s theory that taxa de- that will aid in the development of a vegetation dynamics model. velop from a geographically widespread species with subsequent Such a model can be used to guide reserve management, land-use adaptive radiation to other areas, seems to be contradicted by the planning, and sustainable utilisation programmes to conserve this fact that M. comosus, and not M. major, is the most widespread rich, endemic vegetation type for future generations. This will only species. The theory that speciation within southern Africa has been be effective if the indigenous knowledge systems of the area are largely influenced by ecological variables and allopatric distribu- incorporated and used in conjunction with official law enforce- tion, is well supported. ment.

Morphological phylogenetic analyses of Southern African Botanical Diversity Net- Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) with an em- work (SABONET): Has it developed the re- phasis on southern African representatives gional botanical expertise it promised?

Ruvimbo J. Mapaya1*, T.A. Hedderson2 & P.V. Bruyns3 Stefan J. Siebert1*, B.J. Huntley2, N. Nobanda3, P.S.M. Phiri4, 1National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, PO Box A889, Avondale, Harare, T. Dlamini5, G.F. Smith6, G.L. Maggs-Kölling7, M.A.C. da Silva8, Zimbabwe; 2Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, A.C. Chikuni9, M. Polaki10, N. Mosesane11 & E. Costa12 Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; 3Bolus Herbarium, Department of Botany, 1SABONET, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; 2National Botanical University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa; 3National Herbarium *[email protected] and Botanic Garden, PO Box A889, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; 4Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, The genus Euphorbia L. is morphologically diverse and Lusaka, Zambia; 5National Herbarium, Malkerns Agricultural Research Station, nearly cosmopolitan. Both succulent and non-succulent species PO Box 4, Malkerns, Swaziland; 6National Herbarium, National Botanical are found within the genus. Succulent species occur in most arid Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; 7National Herbarium, and semi-arid areas of the world, but show their greatest concen- National Botanical Research Institute, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek, Namibia; tration and diversity of form in southern Africa, and in particular 8Herbarium, Department of Botany, National Institute for Agronomic Research, the Cape Floristic Region. The monophyletic and phylogenetic re- PO Box 3658, Maputo, Mozambique; 9National Herbarium and Botanic lationships of the genus Euphorbia were investigated, based on 21 Gardens of Malawi, PO Box 528, Zomba, Malawi; 10Herbarium, Department of morphological characters. These were obtained and scored from Biology, National University of Lesotho, Roma 180, Lesotho; 11National taxonomic literature and by examination of live and herbarium Herbarium, Private Bag 00114, Gabarone, Botswana; 12Herbarium, Faculty of specimens where possible. Fifty-one species of Euphorbia and four Science, Agostinho Neto University, CP 815, Luanda, Angola; outgroups from Monadenium and Clutia were chosen and sam- *[email protected] pled. The data were analysed using parsimony methods. The results showed that the genus Euphorbia is non-monophyletic as The Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABO- long as Monadenium is excluded. Morphological characters man- NET) is a donor-funded, capacity-building project that involves south- aged to resolve relationships among some broad groups of ern African botanists. A question often asked is whether SABONET Euphorbia. These results indicate that the morphological charac- has succeeded in developing the regional botanical expertise prom- ters of Euphorbia could potentially play an active part in the ised at the project’s inception in 1996, and, if so, how this has enabled phylogenetic reconstructions of the genus. Although the results herbaria and botanical gardens to address the needs of stakeholders. obtained in the current study are preliminary, the groundwork has Incorporating the ten southern African countries, the project has in- been done for future studies of phylogenetic relationships in the volved 16 herbaria and 22 botanical gardens in the preparation of genus Euphorbia. • Botanical inventories • National plant checklists Licuáti Sand Thicket: A unique vegetation • National and regional plant collecting expeditions type from southern Mozambique • Computerisation of herbaria • Postgraduate support for herbarium staff Samira Izidine1*, A.E. van Wyk2, & S.J. Siebert3 • National and regional training courses 1Department of Botany, National Institute of Agriculture Research, PO Box • Internships for in-service training 3658, Maputo, Mozambique; 2Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, • Production of plant Red Data Lists Pretoria 0002, South Africa; 3Department of Botany, University of Zululand, • Threatened Plants Programmes in botanical gardens Kwadlangezwa 3886, South Africa; *[email protected] • Workshops for the end-users of taxonomic information

Licuáti Forest (usually referred to as Sand Forest in South Regular monitoring and evaluation are important components of Africa) is a very distinctive vegetation type, not only because of its the project and the implementation of the main recommendations of unique combination of rare and endemic species, but also because the Midterm Review is discussed. SABONET has made a significant it has a restricted global distribution. This dry, tropical type forest contribution towards the development of networking skills and net- only occurs in southern Mozambique and northern KwaZulu-Na- works, as well as capacity amongst botanists in southern Africa to tal, South Africa, where it is best developed on the ancient north- provide a strong base of specialists, capable of addressing the infor- south trending dune cordons of the coastal plain of Maputaland. It mation needs of stakeholders involved in plant conservation actions is also one of the most important plant communities of the in the region. This paper provides an update on the project progress Maputaland Centre of Plant Endemism. Previously a distinction (September 2003), and shows that the regional botanical expertise, has been made between so-called tall and short Sand (Licuáti) For- built through SABONET, has equipped herbaria and botanical gar- est. We propose to call it Licuáti Thicket, based on Edward’s struc- dens to take part in activities that aim to impact conservation on the tural classification of vegetation and referring to the short, dense ground.

78 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 An analysis of the human and financial Merging tropical and southern African resources used to produce the southern flowering plant data: towards an African African plant Red Data Lists plant database.

Stefan J. Siebert1* & J.S. Golding2 L. Gautier, G.F. Smith, R. Spichiger, R.R. Klopper, S.J. Siebert & 1SABONET, c/o National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, C. Chatelain South Africa; 2Threatened Species Unit, National Botanical Institute, Private Bag (Sponsored by the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève) X101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; *[email protected] Red Lists and conservation assessments in Funds were made available to SABONET by IUCN-ROSA ten southern African countries. to compile plant Red Data Lists for the ten SABONET countries. This initiative culminated in Southern African Plant Red Data Lists, J.S. Golding a publication edited by Golding. The report incorporates the de- (Sponsored by the Millennium Seed Bank) tailed assessments from seven workshops (110 participants) and the compilations of 20 plant diversity specialists in the region. The The conservation biology and taxonomic lists are globally recognized as a significant contribution towards status of the threatened endemic grassland plant conservation in southern Africa. The question is, however, daisy Gerbera aurantiaca. what the costs were in terms of human and financial resources, to assess the threatened plants of such a vast area (6,000 000 km2). I. Johnson & T.J. Edwards Over 32 months, 4,100 assessments were conducted and 3,900 plant (Sponsored by the University of Natal—Pietermaritzburg) species were allocated a category of threat. The human and financial resources that were used are discussed and analysed under Phylogenetic relationships in southern the headings project coordination, data collection, report prepa- African representatives of the genus ration, information packaging, and information dissemination. This Zygophyllum based on morphological and paper provides a background to the human and financial resources molecular evidence: phytogeographical involved in producing a report on the most threatened plant spe- implications. cies of southern Africa and shows that by focusing on regional botanical expertise, SABONET was able to assess 3,900 plant spe- A.M. Makwarela, L.L. Dreyer, E.M. Marais & D.U. Bellstedt cies at only US$ 30 each. In addition, other organisations spon- (Sponsored by the University of Stellenbosch) sored the following SABONET-related presentations:

Top row (from left to right): Angela Gono in front of her poster: Chemotaxonomy of Salvia stenophylla and related taxa; Chris Cupido in front of his poster: Systematic studies in the genus Merciera (Campanula-ceae): a re-assessment of species boundaries; Patricia Craven in front of her poster: Cen- tres of plant endemism and species diversity in Namibia. Bottom row: Samira Izidine in front of her poster: Licuáti Sand Thicket: A unique vegetation type from southern Mozambique; Ruvimbo Mapaya in front of her poster: Mor- phological phylogenetic analyses of Euphor- bia L. (Euphorbiaceae) with an emphasis on southern African representatives. (Photos: S.J. Siebert)

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 79 New Books from SABONET

Palgrave 1983, Van Wyk total indigenous flora. Fourteen naturalised & Van Wyk 1997, Van and nine cultivated species, as well as Wyk et al. 2000, Van twelve escapees, are also included. Rooyen 2001). Books by Ellery & Ellery (1997) and The book is much more than a simple Roodt (1998) consider a checklist, and in addition to synonyms and few common trees and common names, includes information on those of ethnobotanical life form, abundance, habitat, distribution, importance in the and uses. Status—whether the species is Okavango Delta. Timber- endemic, near endemic, endemic to south- lake (1980) gives the only ern Africa, naturalised, cultivated, or an comprehensive account escapee—is indicated with icons. The icons of the genus Acacia in and a short definition appear at the bottom Botswana. This book, of each page in the checklist for ease of ref- therefore, represents the erence. Common names in the following first attempt at producing languages are listed: Afrikaans, English, a national checklist of tree German, Ju|’hoan, Khoekhoegowab, species recorded for Bot- Oshiwambo, Otjiherero, Rugciriku, swana—it lists approximately 440 species Rukwangali, Shishambyu, Silozi, and of indigenous trees. Thimbukushu. A distribution map for each taxon is included. The book is divided into two sections: the first part provides descriptions of some Swaziland Ferns and Fern common trees and shrubs of Botswana, Allies and the second is the complete checklist. To ease reference, the scientific names of When Compton’s Flora of Swaziland was the families, genera, and species are ar- published in 1976, the pteridophytes were ranged alphabetically. Vernacular names omitted for an unknown reason. Today, this are also given, in various languages, includ- monumental work in which 2,118 species ing Setswana and English. A distribution are described, still remains the standard map and line drawing of the leaves accom- work for the flora of the country. More re- pany each taxon in the list. A glossary at cently, A flora checklist for Swaziland (Kemp the end of the book defines botanical terms 1983) was published, bringing the number used in the text. of pteridophytes known for the country to ince the publication of the previous is- 90 species. During 2001 Koos Roux con- Ssue of SABONET News, three new A Checklist of Namibian ducted a survey of pteridophyte specimens books have appeared on the SABONET Grasses housed in some of the southern African shelves. The CD version of the Southern herbaria, and concluded that no African Plant Red Data Lists was also pub- Grasses of Namibia have been covered in pteridophytes are known from large parts lished to much acclaim. As always, copies numerous publications in southern Africa of Swaziland. Several species occurring in are available free of charge from the Re- as well as Namibia, for example, those by neighbouring South Africa have never gional Coordinator’s Office. Müller (1984) and Walter & Volk (1954). been recorded for Swaziland. In May 2002, Much of the information in these publica- he conducted an intense pteridophyte sur- Trees of Botswana: Names and tions was derived from southern Africa. vey in the area, collecting nearly 400 speci- Distribution The authors’ aim with this book was to pro- mens. Many species were recorded for the vide information from local sources. Only first time in the country, and raised the to- Up to the publication of Moffat Sethogo and information specific to Namibia was in- tal number of species currently known for Fanie Venter’s Trees of Botswana: Names cluded in the Checklist of Namibian Grasses, Swaziland to 112. Subsequently, Roux com- and distribution no checklist had been com- from notes on Namibian specimens, piled a new pteridophyte list that was re- piled for the trees of Botswana. Informa- Namibian ethnobotanical studies, and so cently published as a SABONET Report. For tion on tree species of Botswana is scattered on. The book discusses and maps the 391 a detailed description of the book, see in various regional publications (Coates grasses indigenous to Namibia—10% of the Ronell Klopper’s review on page 101.

80 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 Upcoming Publications

The following titles are also close to publication and will become available during 2004: • A checklist of Zimbabwean bryophytes • Seed plants of south tropical Africa • A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants • A checklist of Mozambican vascular plants • Herbarium essentials: southern African herbarium guide • A checklist of Zambian vascular plants • A checklist of Swaziland vascular plants • A checklist of Botswana grasses • A checklist of Botswana vascular plants • Plants of Nyika: a conservation checklist • A checklist of Angolan grasses • African Botanic Gardens Congress

—Marthina Mössmer Editor-in-Chief

SABONET News Summary of extent and content of the newsletter since its inception

Vol. 2 No 2 Vol.

Vol. 3 No 1 Vol. Vol. 3 No 2 Vol.

Vol. 5 No 2 Vol.

Vol. 6 No 3 Vol. Vol. 7 No 1 Vol. Vol. 7 No 2 Vol.

Vol. 8 No 1 Vol.

Vol. 1 No 1 Vol.

Vol. 3 No 3 Vol.

Vol. 4 No 2 Vol.

Vol. 5 No 3 Vol.

Vol. 7 No 3 Vol.

Vol. 1 No 2 Vol. Vol. 2 No 1 Vol.

Vol. 2 No 3 Vol.

Vol. 4 No 1 Vol.

Vol. 4 No 3 Vol. Vol. 5 No 1 Vol.

Vol. 6 No 1 Vol. Vol. 6 No 2 Vol. Contributors 8 7 21 24 27 38 43 38 41 38 62 33 30 59 36 45 47 38 48 63 51 Pages 81644355052637880918776558764879184799968 Profiles -11 11 111 111111-22122 2 Southern African Herbaria -1 - - - - 11 1- - 1 -111- 121 1 Living Collections --1 -1 - -2 -- - - -1233122 - News from countries - 2 8 8 15 4 12 4 6 4 10 5 4 5 6 4 6 3 4 4 5 General articles/reports 9 8 11 14 16 20 15 17 15 18 14 15 7 19 15 17 25 20 23 26 19 Book reviews -- - -1 116 1-6 122-25425 4

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 81 Southern African Herbaria

The Eduardo Mondlane University Herbarium, Mozambique A view of the Herbarium building surrounded by the Botanical Garden. (Photo: D. Maguengue)

he Eduardo Mondlane University Her- botanical expeditions have increased, and when herbaria are established in those re- Tbarium (LMU) was established in 1964, all the provinces have been covered. gions. at the time when the Flora zambesica study was conducted. It incorporates the former Main collectors in the history of LMU are: Activities and Services LMC (Institute of Scientific Investigation of M.F.Correia, A.Marques, A.M.Perreira, Mozambique) Herbarium. The locality of E.M.C.Groenendijik, J.de Koning, A.Nu- Activities at LMU Herbarium and the Uni- the herbarium changed several times until vunga, D.Zunguze, C.Boana, C.M.António versity Botanical Garden include the fol- it was finally moved to the University Bo- and S.O.Bandeira. António and Bandeira lowing: tanical Garden in 1990. The LMU Her- were concerned specifically with collecting • Collecting and preserving plant speci- barium has an associated herbarium based macroalgae. Many of the specimens col- mens at Inhaca Island, where it is home to local lected in Mozambique are, however, • Identification of plant material flora and macroalgae. The research done housed in Lisbon (LISC), England (K), • Exchange of plant material with similar at this herbarium includes ecological and South Africa (PRE), Zimbabwe (SRGH), institutions abroad and within the coun- ethnobotanical research. USA (MO), and The Netherlands (WAG). It try for scientific and conservation pur- would be advisable for herbaria in Mozam- poses Plant Collections bique to keep duplicates in future, or even • Elaboration of seed catalogue (Index just a record of the voucher material col- seminum) The LMU herbarium contains about 63,000 lected in Mozambique. • Catalogueing voucher specimens (into specimens, distributed among 1,850 gen- SABONET/ PRECIS database)

Southern African Herbaria era, represented by 256 families: Algae (35) In Mozambique, plant expeditions to dis- • In situ and ex situ conservation Pteridophytes (23), Gymnospermae (6), Di- tant areas are faced with several con- • Vegetation surveys cotyledons (153) and Monocotyledons (39). straints, such as poor road infrastructure, • Teaching and research on taxonomy, plant About three quarters of the voucher speci- lack of accommodation facilities, long dis- ecology and physiology, ethnobotany, mens at LMU are higher plants and 14% tances between provinces and regions, and marine botany, threatened plants are macroalgae (Figure 1). Collections of absence of funding. These problems may • Dissemination of information on higher plants consist mainly of the families be more acute than in other countries in ethnobotany and endangered species Fabaceae (178 genera), Poaceae (155 gen- the region. Plant collecting in central and aimed at promoting public awareness era), Asteraceae (137 genera), Rubiaceae northern Mozambique will take off only • Provision of services (109 genera), and Euphorbiaceae (69 genera). Up to 1% of the LMU collection is type material, including isotypes and paratypes; Figure 1. Percentage of groups represented in LMU these are mostly from central and northern Mozambique. There is a need for Algae proper labelling of some of the type mate- Monocotyledons 14% rial in the herbarium. The Inhaca Her- 15% barium collection, with approximately 1,400 voucher specimens, represents nearly 100% of the island flora. Pteridophytes 9% The herbarium plays an important role in Gymnospermae plant collecting, not only locally, but 2% throughout the country. Collecting has taken place on a relatively large scale in the Inhaca and Maputo provinces where the herbaria are located. Collecting in the Gaza and Inhambane provinces has also been Dicotyledons more frequent than in the central and 60% northern regions, which are generally under-collected. Since the foundation of LMU,

82 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 Southern African Herbaria Southern African Infrastructure SIDA funded the construction of the her- Staff barium building, staff capacity-building, The Herbarium building comprises the and upgrading the Botanical Garden. The following staff members have been main area, a room for storing duplicate appointed: specimens, a library, three preparation UNESCO (1995–1998) rooms, a lecture room, and four offices for Herbarium curator: Dr Salomão Bandeira researchers. UNESCO provided funding for research on (Plant conservation, threatened plants, tax- medicinal plant conservation and onomy and ecology of marine plants, in- Literature healthcare in the region of Maputo, and on cluding macroalgae) ethnobotanical and cultural perceptions of The LMU Herbarium has a library special- cultivating medicinal plants in southern Scientific staff: Ms Filomena Barbosa ising in plant systematics and flora. This Mozambique. Funding was also used in the (Ethnobotany – medicinal plants, endan- contains most relevant publications (Flo- development of a medicinal garden within gered species); Ms Angelina Martins ras and books) that enable basic research the Eduardo Mondlane University Botani- (Seagrass ecology). However, LMU has a on flora found in Mozambique. Books and cal Gardens and training on quantitative shortage of scientific staff and the existing floristic works have been purchased or ethnobotanical methods. staff are overloaded with teaching and ad- donated. This library, which is associated ministration. with the main library at the Department IUCN, InternationalUnion for the of Biological Sciences, also houses litera- Conservation of Nature Technical staff: Mr Julio Dungo; Mr Carlos ture on botanical gardens and marine (2001–2003) Boana; Mr António Langa; Mr Ernesto botany. Nacamo; Mr Aurélio Bechel; Mr Domingos The IUCN provided funding used to incre- Maguengue; Mr Arlindo Jane; Mr Acácio Funding ment the living plant collections in the Bo- Cumbe; Mr Ernesto Boana. tanical Garden, focussing on threatened The LMU Herbarium is a university her- species and species that have a medicinal —Filomena Barbosa & Salomão Bandeira barium that falls under the Department value. Other uses of funding include inter- The Herbarium and Botanical Garden of Biological Sciences. Funding from the active signage and the production of pam- Department of Biological Sciences Government mainly covers running phlets and a booklet. Universidade Eduardo Mondlane costs. Other sources of funding for both PO Box 257 the Herbarium and the Botanical Garden University Open Fund Maputo include: (2001–2003) Mozambique Tel.: +258 1 491223 SIDA, Swedish International This fund supports the collection of fresh- [email protected] Development Agency water plants in selected rivers in the [email protected] (1990–present) Maputo Province and the purchase of herbarium cabinets.

Mozambique Collectors Dates, regions, and provinces for collections by Jan de Koning and Alfredo Nununga

Jan de Koning 1978 southern Mozambique Maputo, Gaza & Inhambane 1979 southern, central & northern Mozambique Maputo, Gaza, Sofala, Zambézia & Nampula 1980 southern, central & northern Mozambique Maputo, Gaza, Inhambane, Sofala, Zambézia & Niassa 1981 southern Mozambique Maputo & Inhambane 1982 southern Mozambique Maputo 1983 southern, central & northern Mozambique Maputo, Sofala & Nampula 1984 southern & northern Mozambique Maputo, Nampula & Cabo Delgado Alfredo Nuvunga 1975 central & northern Mozambique Zambézia, Niassa & Cabo Delgado 1977 southern & northern Mozambique Maputo & Cabo Delgado 1978 southern & central Mozambique Maputo & Zambézia 1980 southern Mozambique Maputo & Gaza 1981 northern Mozambique Niassa 1982 southern, central & northern Mozambique Maputo, Gaza, Tete, Niassa, Cabo Delgado 1983 southern & northern Mozambique Maputo, Gaza, Nampula, Niassa & Cabo Delgado 1985 southern Mozambique Maputo 1986 southern Mozambique Maputo & Gaza 1987–1992 southern Mozambique Maputo

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 83 n 1874, the Natal Botanical Gardens were Iestablished in Pietermaritzburg on 52 ha of town land as a research station to investigate exotic tree species suitable for the temperate areas of the Colony of Natal, as well as to enhance the cultural life of the capital. Pietermaritzburg is situated about 80 km inland from Durban and enjoys sub- tropical weather in summer and temperate weather in winter. Rainfall of between 750 mm and 1000 mm is recorded during the summer months. The garden is situated at the foot of a small escarpment on a perennial river, known as the Dorpspruit (meaning “Town stream”), and is about 5 km from the city centre.

The garden was run by the Natal Botanical Society and funded by a grant from the British Government. Income was also generated from the sale of tree seedlings (both timber and fruit). Inside the Herbarium building (Photo: D. Maguengue) In 1970, the garden was transferred to the National Botanical Institute as a regional garden, tasked with growing the flora of the eastern region of South Africa.

Approximately 10 ha of the central part of the garden was landscaped in a very formal rectangular grid system—a style popular during Victorian times. Exotic trees and herbaceous plants, including camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), Morton Bay fig (Ficus macrophylla), swamp cypress (Taxodium distichum), a wonderful avenue of London planes (Platanus x acerifolia),

Southern African Herbaria camellia, azalea, and magnolia were planted.

In 1990 it was decided to redevelop the garden along more modern lines and to replace all the exotic herbaceous plants, such as azaleas, Liriope and Poinsettia, with suit- Main Herbarium room and staff. (Photo: D. Maguengue) able indigenous material. The grid of gravel paths made way for a circular interlocking path connecting the car park, restaurant, and duck pond before returning to the car park. Secondary paths were laid to other places of interest.

Gerbera aurantiaca, a mistbelt Herbarium library. (Photo: D. Maguengue) grassland endemic. (Photo: Natal NBG)

84 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 Living Collections

The Natal National Botanical Garden

More than three-quarters of the herba- Funds for maintaining the garden come Europe as a popular garden subject. Many ceous plants in the garden are now indig- from a grant of R 1. 6 million, made avail- Kniphofia species occur in KwaZulu-Natal. enous and we are beginning to replace the able by national government. An amount There are 17 species and three artificial damaged and dying exotic trees with suit- of R 250,000.00 per annum is generated hybrids growing in the garden. able indigenous trees. mainly from entrance fees paid by approximately 60,000 visitors, and from rental of Many of the species of the very ornamen- The rest of the estate was cleared of gums the restaurant near the duck pond. tal genus Dierama occur in our collecting trees (Eucalyptus spp.) and wattle (Acacia area. We are in the process of building up sp.) in the 1970s and replanted with a wide The NNBG concentrates on collecting and as complete a collection of this genus as selection of indigenous trees from montane growing the plants from the eastern region possible. Many of the species cannot be and coastal forests. A well-maintained net- of South Africa. Roughly, this area stretches considered reliable garden subjects, as work of paths takes visitors into and from the Kei River in the south to the South there are still several horticultural prob- through this natural wonderland. Africa-Mozambique border in the north, lems. and from the coast inland to the At present, the curator, two horticulturists, Drakensberg Mountains. The vegetation of The useful plants collection has developed one administrative assistant, three super- the area consists mainly of grassland and from the initial medicinal garden, estab- visors, two drivers, and fifteen grounds- remnant forest patches. lished in the early 1990s. The scope has men and -women staff the garden. been widened to include indigenous plants Main Collections that are used for healing, eating, in craftwork, as hedge plants, or that are sig- Three species of Clivia oc- nificant in any other way in the daily lives cur in our collecting area of South Africans. and all are under threat from collectors who are in- In keeping with the modern trend towards terested in their medicinal less formal garden landscapes, we are de- and cultural properties or veloping areas where the geophytes of the who are Clivia enthusiasts. east coast grasslands are displayed Habitat destruction is an- amongst the ornamental grasses of the re- other real threat. Due to the gion. fragmented nature of the habitats, it is important to We also have a threatened plants collection. have plants from as many The main project, sponsored by SABONET, populations as possible to is to collect, grow, and popularise the mist- conserve the gene pool. belt grassland endemic Gerbera aurantiaca as a garden plant. In addition, we are in- Kniphofia is one of those volved in the conservation of the extremely South African plants that rare Kniphofia leucocephala, as well as sev- Clivia miniata growing under a Trichilia emetica tree. has made an impact on the eral aloes and Dierama. (Photo: Natal NBG) horticultural industry in

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 85 Given that KwaZulu-Natal is the most populous province in South Africa, the Natal National Botanical Garden is ideally situated to bring to many the message of the power of flowers and the value of the floral richness that surrounds them.

—Brian Tarr Natal National Botanical Garden P.O.Box 21667 Mayor’s Walk 3208 [email protected] Fax: (033) 3441284 Tel.: (033) 3443585

Learners in the useful plants garden. (Photo: Natal NBG)

Living Collections

Aloe arborescens hybrid in the Grassland garden. The threatened Kniphofia latifolius in flower. (Photo: Natal NBG) (Photo: Natal NBG) The Botanical Garden: a Window on National Plant Diversity

he conservation of biological diversity try is endowed with a diversity of the north-western and western provinces. Tis fundamental to the success of sus- geomorphological units, a mosaic of geo- The Marquesia forests are prominent on the tainable development, which entails the logical formations and soil types, which Bangweulu Lake basin in the southern half safeguarding of the earth’s resources that have all given rise to a corresponding di- of Luapula Province. The montane forests support life as we know it and on which versity of vegetation formations with sig- are restricted to the Nyika Plateau, repre- we depend in the struggle to improve our nificant floristic diversity. The vegetation sented by the magnificent Chowo and crops and livestock (Heywood 1995). In types of Zambia include the miombo wood- Manyenjere forest relics that are unique southern Africa, it has been noted that lands along the plateau regions, the habitats for bird life. Parinari forests, domi- floristic diversity and endemism are not mopane and munga (Acacia) woodlands nated by Parinari excelsa, occur on the evenly spread over the subcontinent, but along the Luangwa and Zambezi valleys, Copperbelt and in Serenje District. Swamp concentrated in a number of restricted ar- and the Kalahari woodland in the north- forests are widespread in the high rainfall eas (Van Wyk & Smith 2001). western and western provinces of the coun- sector of the country. Grasslands are asso- try. ciated with the riverine systems of the ma- Zambia—Biodiversity in jor rivers. Abundance There are four variants of the dry evergreen forests in Zambia (Fanshawe 1971). The The rich floristic diversity supports a cor- In Zambia, plants constitute an important Cryptosepalum forests are restricted to the respondingly high diversity of fauna, as is component of the biodiversity. The coun- Kalahari sands in the high rainfall sector of apparent in our nature reserves and na-

86 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 Living Collections tional parks. Mwinilunga District Proposed Network of and the Nyika Plateau are two such Botanic Gardens centres of diversity and floristic endemism. The Muchinga Escarp- Each province is endowed with a ment zone, Mafinga Mountains, the unique flora, representative of the Albertine rift valley located between various vegetation types. The ini- lakes Mweru and Tanganyika, as tial development of a network of well as the sandy plains in the west- satellite botanical gardens in the ern parts of the country are poten- country could commence with tially rich in endemic plants. their location in provincial towns. Town Councils should be sensi- In the Mpika district, a small com- tised to transform at least one pub- munity of the near endemic cycad, lic park into a botanical garden en- Encephalartos schmitzii, has been riched with indigenous plants confirmed to occur in the known to be unique in their prov- Bwingimfumu Forest Reserve. inces. In some National Parks, ar- Other populations of this cycad oc- boreta (singular, arboretum, a spe- cur in the Kundelungu Mountain range dicinal plants. The District Councils of cialised botanic garden of trees,) could south-east of the Congo DR. This species Chibombo in Central Province and Mpika be developed where a sector of the national is threatened by foreign commercial colin Northern Province, have allocated 50 ha park has a unique forest stand or wood- lectors and illegal settlers encroaching on of land for the development of botanic gar- land. Brief descriptions of the flora linked the Forest Reserve. An important timber dens in each district. The development of to each provincial capital are given below. tree, Mukwa, is harvested without regard these botanic gardens will have a strong to restock the species in its natural habitat link with the local communities, particularly • Chipata, Eastern Province The devel- for sustained utilisation by future genera- regarding the supply of water in the area. opment of an arboretum is a good options. Endemic and rare plants, including In both Chibombo and Mpika districts two tion for Chipata, which is situated at an species of ecological, medicinal and eco- boreholes will be sunk. One borehole is altitude of 1,030 m with rainfall of 1,014 nomic importance deserve a greater slot in earmarked for the development of the gar- mm per annum. A well preserved stand the conservation of Zambia’s rich natural den, while the local community in the vi- of dry miombo woodland, located along resources. The aim of this paper is to bring cinity of the garden will use the other the Airport-Lundazi-Mfuwe road, into focus the need to embark on an alter- borehole. This gesture aims to promote a would be a suitable site. The area is un- native option of developing a sustained En- sense of ownership of the garden and its der the management of the Zambia vironmental Education programme by es- facilities within local communities. Wildlife Authority (ZAWA). tablishing a network of botanical gardens Another conservation option would be in the country. The SABONET National Co-ordinator will to develop a Nature Reserve on this site, work closely with THPAZ in identifying similar to the one that has been estab- The Potential Role of Botanical medicinal plants, determining the ecologi- lished in the City of Lilongwe, Malawi. Gardens cal requirements of each species, and ad- The establishment of footpath trails and vising on suitable habitats for the cultiva- the introduction of some non-aggres- A botanical garden is a facility that curates tion of plants. The government has facili- sive wild animals could add value to this a collection of living plants for the purpose tated the acquisition of a 4-wheel drive ve- resort for the residents of Chipata and of scientific research, conservation, display hicle and computers, while international the surrounding peri-urban areas. An and education. Therefore, depending on or- donors have expressed an interest in assist- idea to relocate the Ngoni’s annual Tra- ganisational structure and location, botani- ing with the development of these special- ditional Ncwala Ceremony to this site cal gardens can serve different purposes ised botanic gardens. would attract more people and provide to different communities. A botanical gar- them with an opportunity to appreciate den, while being a potential repository of Plants are vital to all civilisations, provid- the conservation of the miombo wood- botanical information, also offers recreation ing food, medicine, and clothing. The es- land. facilities to the general public. About 60% tablishment of botanic gardens promoting of the botanic gardens of the world are lo- the conservation of indigenous plants • Kabwe, Central Province Kabwe is cated in the temperate regions, particularly based on their utilisation as aromatics, bev- the provincial capital of Central Prov- in North America, Europe and Asia. Few erages, dyes and tannins, food crops (fruits ince located at 1,200 m above sea level. have been developed in southern Africa. and vegetables), fibres, forage and pas- The Town receives an annual rainfall of Kirstenbosch Garden features as one of the tures, oils, spices, timber trees and tradi- 952 mm, and is situated in an area where prominent gardens in the SADC region. tional medicines, could capture the con- the intermediate dry/wet miombos are science of our people and re-direct efforts prevalent. A botanical garden could be Only Munda Wanga Botanic Garden, to encourage the sustainable utilisation of established in any one of the public which is based on the curation of exotic plant resources. Botanic gardens have the parks under the management of the plants, exists in Zambia. Recently the de- potential to promote public awareness and Council. velopment of a Teaching Botanic Garden positive action in relation to the importance at the University of Zambia has been initi- of in situ conservation of the forest reserves, • Kasama, Northern Province Kasama ated by SABONET. Under the auspices of national parks and national heritage sites is a provincial town located at 1,380 m the Ministry of Tourism, Environment and spread across the country. Botanical gar- altitude. Registering an annual rainfall Natural Resources, the Traditional Health dens, as ex situ conservation institutions, of 1,360 mm, the town is situated in the Practitioners Association of Zambia can bring important living collections of high rainfall region of the country. The (THPAZ) is also planning to develop two wild plants closer to the people. wet miombo and Marquesia woodlands botanic gardens for the cultivation of me- are prominent in the district. The Town

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 87 Council could take up the challenge of • Mongu, Western Province The bia. The plateau experiences relatively establishing a botanical garden in any greater part of Western Province is cov- low temperatures compared to the rest one of the public parks. An alternative ered by dry Kalahari woodland. Trees of Zambia. Maximum temperatures up to site is the area south of the town along such as Baikiaea plurijuga (Mukusi) 26oC, and temperatures as low as -12oC the Mpika road. Brachystegia bakerana (Lundu), have been recorded. Rolling grasslands Copaifera baumiana (Mukuwa), and dotted with stunted trees of Protea spp. • Livingstone, Southern Province The Guibourtia coleosperma (Muzauli) are cover the undulating terrain on the pla- tourist town of Livingstone has a diver- unique to this area. Mongu is located at teau. In the Zambian sector, montane sity of vegetation types. The town is lo- an altitude of 1,050 m and receives an forests are restricted to the Nyika Pla- cated at an altitude of 960 m and has an annual rainfall of 1,001 mm. The best teau. Two relatively large forest relics, annual rainfall of 727 mm. The Kalahari locality for the botanic garden is a site known as Chowo and Manyenjere, are woodland occurs on deep Kalahari near the Museum at Litunga’s Palace, unique bird sanctuaries. Visitors flown sands, the Mopane woodland occurs on where a display of living plants adapted onto the Nyika Plateau often visit the the shallow loamy clay soils, and an ev- to the Kalahari sands, plants of cultural Chowo Forest, located on the road that ergreen rain forest stand is a unique fea- interest and those of nutritional and links the Chitipa and Rumpi districts of ture at the Victoria Falls. The National medicinal value would emphasise high- Malawi. The site of the Zambian Heritage Conservation Commission lights of the famous Kuomboka annual Resthouse, if renovated, will be an ex- could develop an arboretum in the Vic- event in the province. cellent transit point for tourists and trav- toria Falls area. The best site is an area ellers. One hopes that the Zambia Wild- around the Baobab View Point, along the • Ndola, Copperbelt Province The in- life Authority could develop one of the road leading to Chief Mukuni. This dustrial and commercial town of Ndola, forests into an arboretum. Proceeds could also be a good site for relocation which is located at an altitude of 1,270 earned from the arboretum and the rest of the cultural centre. The management m, receives an annual rainfall of 1,212 of the National Park could be shared of Sun Hotel is spearheading the culti- mm and is located within the wet with the local communities in Isoka East. vation of indigenous plants on the hotel miombo woodland zone. The Depart-

Living Collections premises—a very encouraging contri- ment of Forestry, in collaboration with Conclusion bution to the conservation of biodiver- the Ndola City Council that runs the sity in the area. Monkey Fountain Zoo, could forge an The country has a chance to prevent the alliance to transform the Trapnell’s Fire destruction of the unique vegetation types • Lusaka, Lusaka Province Lusaka Experimental Plots into an ecological prevalent in a diversity of ecosystems. Plans Province is covered by extensive dry arboretum. This arboretum would be a to develop a network of hydroelectric miombo woodland on the plateau and national asset well placed to display his- power projects, the development of irriga- mopane and Acacia woodlands in the torical long-term effects of fire on tion for agricultural projects and the avail- Luangwa and Rufunsa areas. Lusaka, miombo woodlands. The introduction of ability of safe, clean water throughout the which receives an annual rainfall of 806 small mammals into the garden is an country, will depend on sustained water mm, is located on the Lusaka plateau at integrated approach that would attract discharge. The availability of water is en- an altitude of 1,200 m. Munga Wanga visitors of diverse interests. hanced by indigenous vegetation cover. Botanic Garden already exists in the Chilanga area south of Lusaka. • Solwezi, North-Western Province In addition to the above, plants constitute Under the auspices of SABONET, a Solwezi district is located within the wet an important natural resource on which Teaching Botanic Garden is being de- miombo vegetation type. This district other life forms depend. The development veloped at the University of Zambia, lies within the centre of plant diversity of satellite botanic gardens in the country focussing on plants of educational in- encompassing the Katanga (Shaba) is an important strategy to sensitise the terest. This garden will also act as a rec- Province of the Congo DR and the people to appreciate the value of plants, to reational facility for the University com- Moxico Province of Angola. The town promote their sustainable use and to get munity and residents of Lusaka. of Solwezi is located at an altitude of actively involved in the conservation of The gardens at the university and at 1,330 m and has an annual rainfall of biodiversity for the greater benefit of all Munda Wanga provide the ideal oppor- 1,368 mm. The Town Council could people in Zambia. tunity for the introduction of indig- transform one of the public parks into a enous, and in particular threatened and botanic garden. A number of interest- FANSHAWE, D.B. 1971. The vegetation of endemic species. ing endemic species could be the main Zambia. Research Bulletin No. 7. attraction in this botanic garden. An al- Government Printer, Lusaka. • Mansa, Luapula Province Mansa dis- ternative site for the botanic garden HEYWOOD, V.H. 1995. Global Biodiversity trict is situated within the wet miombo could be along the road to Kasanshi Assessment. Cambridge University woodland. Mansa town is located at an Mine that also leads to the Congo DR Press. altitude of 1,180 m and has an annual border. VAN WYK, A.E. & SMITH, G.F. 2001. rainfall of 1213 mm. Further south is • Nyika National Park The Nyika Pla- Regions of floristic endemism in southern Samfya district where swamp forests teau, which is the largest montane eco- Africa. UMDAUS Press. and Marquesia forests are prevalent on system between the Drakensberg- the lake basin. The Mansa Council could Malothi mountain range in the south —P.S.M. Phiri transform one of the public parks into a and the montane system of East Africa, Department of Biological Sciences botanic garden. Plants of cultural inter- is located in the north-eastern part of University of Zambia est, linked to the Mutomboko Cer- Zambia. This great topographical mas- P.O. Box 32379 emony of the Lunda people, could add sif lies between 10o15’–10o59’S and Lusaka value to the botanic garden. 30o35’-43o05’E and covers a total area of 1,800 km2, of which 80 km2 lie in Zam-

88 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 Living Collections Appendix: Proposed List of Useful and Endangered Plants for Ex Situ Conservation in Botanic Gardens

PTERIDOPHYTES (Ferns) Jodrellia fistulosa (Chiov.) Baijnath: a geophyte ASPLENIACEAE Kniphofia benguellensis Bak.: rhizomatous plant, potentially ornamental Asplenium abyssinicum Fée: restricted to Victoria Falls Kniphofia dubia De Wild.: rhizomatous plant, potentially ornamental Asplenium dregeanum Kunze: rhizomatous, restricted to Mafinga Mt. and Nyika Kniphofia grantii Bak.: rhizomatous plant, potentially ornamental ATHYRIACEAE Kniphofia linearifolia Bak.: rhizomatous plant, potentially ornamental Athyrium annae Kornas: endemic to Lumangwe Falls Kniphofia reynoldsii Codd: rhizomatous plant, potentially ornamental CYATHEACEAE Trachyandra arvensis (Schinz) Oberm. Cyathea dregei Kunze: a tree fern, restricted to high rainfall areas Trachyandra saltii (Bak.) Oberm. Cyathea manniana Hook.: a tree fern, restricted to high rainfall areas COLCHICACEAE Cyathea thomsonii Bak.: a tree fern, restricted to high rainfall areas Gloriosa speciosa (Hochst.) Engl.: bulbous geophyte MARATTIACEAE Gloriosa superba L..: bulbous geophyte Marattia fraxinea Sm. ex J.F. Gmel. var. salicifolia (Schrad.) C. Chr: occurs in high rainfall areas HYPOXIDACEAE SELAGINELLACEAE Curculigo multiflora Zimudzi: geophyte with corm Selaginella imbricata (Forssk.) Spring ex Decne.: medicinal, restricted to Victoria Falls gorges Curculigo pilosa (Schum. & Thonn.) Engl.: geophyte with corm GYMNOSPERMAE Hypoxis angustifolia Lam.: geophyte with corm, medicinal PODOCARPACEAE Hypoxis bampsiana Wiland: geophyte with corm, medicinal Podocarpus latifolius (Thunb.) R. Br. ex Mirb.: source of timber Hypoxis cuanzensis Welw. ex Bak.: geophyte with corm, medicinal ZAMIACEAE Hypoxis filiformis Bak.: geophyte with corm, medicinal Encephalartos schmitzii Malaisse: a cycad, restricted to the Northern Province Hypoxis goetzei Harms: geophyte with corm, medicinal Hypoxis nyasica Bak.: geophyte with corm, medicinal ANGIOSPERMAE: MONOCOTYLEDONEAE Hypoxis polystachya Welw. ex Bak.: geophyte with corm, medicinal AGAVACEAE IRIDACEAE Dracaena camerooniana Bak.: shrub (All species under this family bear corms as perennating organs) Dracaena laxissima Engl.: scandent shrub Anomatheca grandiflora Bak. Dracaena reflexa Lam.: shrub Anomatheca laxa (Thunb.) Goldblatt subsp. laxa Dracaena steudneri Engl.: tree Aristea abyssinica Pax ALOACEAE Aristea angolensis Bak. Aloe bicomitum Leach: shrub, medicinal Aristea nyikensis Bak. Aloe buettneri Berger: shrub medicinal Aristea woodii N.E. Br. Aloe bulbicaulis Christian: shrub, medicinal Babiana hypogea Burch. Aloe cameronii Hemsel. var. cameronii: shrub, medicinal Crocosmia aurea (Pappe ex Hook.) Planch. subsp. aurea Aloe chabaudii Schonl. var. chabaudii: shrub, medicinal Crocosmia aurea (Pappe ex Hook.) Planch. subsp. pauciflora (Milne-Redh.) Goldblatt Aloe christianii Reynolds: shrub, medicinal Dierama parviflorum Marais Aloe crassipes Bak.: shrub, medicinal Dietes iridioides (L.) Sweet ex Klatt Aloe cryptopoda Bak.: shrub, medicinal Ferraria glutinosa (Bak.) Rendle Aloe duckeri Christian: shrub, medicinal Gladiolus atropurpureus Bak. Aloe esculenta L.C. Leach: shrub, medicinal Gladiolus benguellensis Bak. Aloe excelsa Berger var. excelsa: tree form, medicinal Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel subsp. dalenii Aloe fimbrialis S.Carter: shrub, medicinal Gladiolus erectiflorus Bak. Aloe greatheadii Christian: shrub, medicinal Gladiolus gracillimus Bak. Aloe litoralis Bak.: shrub, medicinal Gladiolus gregarious Welw. ex Bak. Aloe luapulana L.C. Leach: shrub, medicinal Gladiolus huillensis (Welw. ex Bak.) Goldblatt Aloe milne-redheadii Christian: shrub, medicinal Gladiolus intonsus Goldblatt Aloe mzimbana Christian: shrub, medicinal Gladiolus laxiflorus Bak. Aloe nuttii Bak.: shrub, restricted to the Nyika Plateau Gladiolus magnificus (Harms) Goldblatt Aloe veseyi Reynolds: shrub, medicinal Gladiolus melleri Bak. Aloe zebrina Bak.: shrub, medicinal Gladiolus microspicatus Duvign & Van Bockstael AMARYLLIDACEAE Gladiolus pussilus Goldblatt Ammocharis tineana (Kotschy & Per.) Milne-Redh.: herb Gladiolus seremjensis Goldblatt Crinum minimum Milne-Redh. Gladiolus unguiculatus Bak. Crinum harmsii Bak. Gladiolus velutinus De Wild. Crinum macowanii Bak. Gladiolus verdickii De Wild. ARECACEAE Hesperantha longicollis Bak. Borassus aethiopum Mart: tree Lapeirousia erythrantha (Klotzsch ex Klatt) Bak. Hyphaene petersiana Klotzsch Lapeirousia littoralis Bak. subsp. caudata (Schinz) Goldblatt Raphia farinifera Hylander: shrub Lapeirousia odoratissima Bak. ASPARAGACEAE Lapeirousia rivularis Wanntorp Asparagus plumosus Bak.: twiner Lapeirousia schimperi (Asch & Klatt) Milne-Redh. Asparagus racemosus Willd.: liane Lapeirousia teretifolia (Geerinck et al.) Goldblatt ASPHODELACEAE Lapeirousia zambesiaca Goldblatt Bulbine abyssinica A. Rich.: a bulbous geophyte Moraea bella Harms

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 89 Moraea brevifolia Goldblatt Monotes angolensis De Wild.: potential ornamental plant Moraea carsonii Bak. Monotes katangensis (De Wild.) De Wild.: potential ornamental plant Moraea clavata R.C.Foster Monotes adenophyllus Gilg: tree, potential ornamental plant Moraea macrantha Bak. Monotes africanus (Welw.) A.DC.: tree, potential ornamental plant Moraea natalensis Bak. Monotes angolensis De Wild.: tree, potential ornamental plant Moraea schimperi (Hochst.) Pic. Serm Monotes dasyanthus Gilg: tree, potential ornamental plant Moraea textilis Welw. ex Bak. Monotes discolor R.E.Fr.: tree, potential ornamental plant Moraea ventricosa Bak. Monotes elegans Gilg: tree, potential ornamental plant Moraea verdeckii De Wild. Monotes engleri Gilg: tree, potential ornamental plant Romulea camerooniana Bak. Monotes glaber Sprague: tree, potential ornamental plant Savannosiphon euryphyllus (Harms) Goldblatt & Marais Monotes katangensis De Wild.: tree, potential ornamental plant Tritonia laxifolia (Klatt) Benth. Monotes magnificus Gilg: tree, potential ornamental plant Zygotritonia nyassana Mildbr. EBENACEAE ORCHIDACEAE Diospyros kirkii Hiern: fruit tree Ansellia africana Lindl.: epiphytic orchid Diospyros mespiliformis A.DC.: a riverine tree fruit Calanthe sylvatica (Thouars.) Lindl.: occurs in deep forest shade Diospyros mweroensis F.White: tree, restricted to Kalambo Falls Disa verdeckii De. Wild.: occurs in Mwinilunga EUPHORBIACEAE Habenaria argentea Cribb: tubers edible Croton gossweileri Hutch.: tree, occurs in Zambezi District Habenaria hebes I. La Crox & Cribb: edible tuber Croton scheffleri Hutch.: tree, recorded in Mbala Habenaria humilior Rchb. F.: edible tuber Euphorbia debilispina Leach: endemic to Lusaka West Habenaria macrotidion Summerh.: edible tuber Euphorbia fanshawei Leach: considered rare in Northern Province Habenaria pasmithii G. Williamson: edible tuber Euphorbia perplexa Leach var. kasamana Leach: recorded in Mbala and Kasama Habenaria pubidens Cribb: edible tuber Euphorbia speciosa Leach: recorded in Kasama, Chishimba Falls Habenaria tubifolia I.La Crox & Cribb: edible tuber Euphorbia whellanii Leach: endemic to Mbala

Living Collections Habenaria velutina Summerh.: edible tuber Euphorbia williamsonii Leach: endemic shrub to Ntumbachusi Falls Satyrium microcorys Schltr.: edible tuber Monadenium fanshawei Bally: rare, recorded in Kitwe, Chinsali and Isoka Satyrium monadenum Schltr.: edible tuber Monadenium friesii N.E.Br.: endemic to Chibombo and Lusaka Satyrium princea Kraenzl: edible tuber Schinziophyton rautanenii (Schinz) Radcl.: used as soft timber, edible oil Satyrium shirense Rolfe: edible tuber Uapaca kirkiana Müll. Arg.: useful fruit tree, source of Masuku wine PANDANACEAE FABACEAE Pandanus livingstonianus Rendle: shrub, occurs along Kalungwishi River Acacia amythethophylla A.Rich.: small shrub/tree, attractive in miombo woodland POACEAE Afzelia bipindensis Harms: timber plant, occurs in Mwinilunga Oreobambos buchwaldii K. Schum.: rare shrub, restricted to Mbala District Afzelia quanzensis Welw.: potential timber species Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A.Rich.) Munro: shrub, used in building, making baskets Albizia tanganyikensis Bak.f.: attractive white-barked tree, recorded at Victoria Falls VELLOZIACEAE Baikiaea plurijuga Harms: much harvested timber plant in Western Province Xerophyta equisetoides Bak.: shrub Brachystegia astleii Hoyle: suffrutex, restricted to Kawambwa District Xerophyta humilis (Bak.) T. Dur. & Schinz: shrub Brachystegia bakerana Burtt Davy & Hutch.: shrub to small tree confined to Kalahari sands Brachystegia puberula Burtt Davy & Hutch.: tree, occurs in Mwinilunga and Solwezi ANGIOSPERMAE: DICOTYLEDONEAE Bussea massaiensis (Taub.) Harms subsp. rhodesica Brenan: occurs in Itigi thicket ANACARDIACEAE Cassia abbreviata Oliv. subsp. abbreviata: medicinal plant Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst subsp. caffra Sond.: fruits are a source of marula wine Copaifera baumiana Harms: shrub, restricted to Kalahari sands ANISOPHYLLEACEAE Cordyla africana Lour.: riparian tree of the Luangwa and Zambezi rivers Anisophyllea boehmii Engl.: tree Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr.: used for carvings Anisophyllea pomifera Engl. & Brehm.: fruit tree, occurs in high rainfall region Entada bacillaris F. White var. plurijuga Brenan: shrub, recorded in Mbala ANNONACEAE Guibourtia arnoldiana (De Wild. & Th.Dur.) J.Leon.: restricted to Mbala district Annona senegalensis Pers. Guibourtia coleosperma (Benth.) J.Leon.: potential timber species, restricted to Kalahari sands Friesodielsia obovata (Benth.) Verdc.: shrub, fruits edible Guibourtia conjugata (Benth.) J.Leon.: endemic to the Middle Zambezi BIGNONIACEAE Kotschya imbricata Verdc.: occurs in Kabompo Gorge Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth.: tree, medicinal and cultural use Kotschya ruberifera Verdc.: endemic to Mwinilunga District Markhamia acuminata (Klotzsch.) K. Schum.: shrub Monopetalanthus richardsiae J.Leon.: restricted to northern region Markhamia obtusifolia (Bak.) Sprague: tree Monopetalanthus trapnellii J.Leon.: evergreen tree, restricted to northern region BOMBACACEAE Pterocarpus angolensis DC.: a much exploited timber tree Adansonia digitata L.: large fruit tree Rhynchosia insignis (O.Hoffm.) R.E.Fries: roots used as beverage CHRYSOBALANACEAE Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.: potential use in agroforestry Magnistipula butayei De Wild.: tree Tamarindus indica L.: evergreen fruit tree Maranthes floribunda (Bak.) F. White: tree, restricted to high rainfall areas Tessmannia burttii Harms: rare tree, recorded in Mbala and Mwinilunga Parinari capensis Harv.: suffrutex, fruit edible FLACOURTIACEAE Parinari curatellifolia Benth.: shade and fruit tree Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr.: shrub, fruit edible Parinari excelsa Sabine: tree, restricted to high rainfall areas LOGANIACEAE COMBRETACEAE Strychnos cocculoides Bak.: fruits edible Combretum microphyllum Klotzsch.: potential ornamental shrub MALVACEAE Combretum platypetalum Welw.: potential ornamental suffrutex Azanza garckeana (H. Hoffm.) Exell & Hillcoat: fruit tree DIPTEROCARPACEAE Hibiscus rhodanthus Gurk: suffrutex Marquesia acuminata (Gilg) R.E.Fr.: tree, restricted to high rainfall areas MELASTOMATACEAE Marquesia macroura Gilg: tree, restricted to high rainfall areas Dissotis debilis (Sond.)Triana var. pedicillata A & R.Fern.: restricted to Mpulungu Monotes africanus A.DC.: potential ornamental plant Dissotis glandulosa A & R.Fern: recorded in Mwinilunga only

90 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 Living Collections MELIACEAE PROTEACEAE Entandrophragma delevoyi De.Wild.: used as source of timber, threatened Faurea intermedia Engl. & Gilg: tree Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C. DC. Faurea saligna Harv.: tree Trichilia emetica Vahl: potential street and shade tree Faurea speciosa Welw.: tree, ornamental MORACEAE Protea gaguedi J.F.Gmel.: shrub/tree, ornamental Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. subsp. welwitschii (Engl.) C.C.Berg: occurs at Lumangwe Falls Protea madiensis Oliv.: shrub/tree, ornamental Milicia excelsa (Welw.) Berg: rare tree restricted to Nchelenge Protea petiolaris Welw. ex Engl.: shrub/tree, ornamental Morus mesozygia Stapf ex A.Chev.: rare tree, resctricted to high rainfall areas. Protea trichophylla Engl. & Gilg: tree, ornamental MYROTHAMNACEAE RHAMNACEAE Myrothamnus flabellifolius (Sond.) Welw.: shrub of medicinal value Berchemia discolor (Klotzsch) Hemsl.: riverine fruit tree of Luangwa and Zambezi rivers MYRTACEAE Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.: fruits edible Syzygium cordatum Hochst. ex Krauss: evergreen tree, fruits edible Ziziphus mucronata Wild.: tree, medicinal Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC.: evergreen tree, fruits edible RHIZOPHORACEAE Syzygium owariense (Beauv.) Benth.: restricted to high rainfall areas Anisophyllea boehmii Engl.: tree, with edible fruits OCHNACEAE Anisophyllea pomifera Engl. & V.Brehm: shrub/tree, with edible fruits Ochna afzelii R.Br. ex Oliv.: tree, in high rainfall areas RUBIACEAE Ochna angolensis I.M.Johnston: suffrutex, recorded in Mwinilunga and Solwezi Rothmannia englerana (K.Schum.) Keay: shrub/tree Ochna cinnabarina Gilg: shrub, occurs on Kalahari sands Rytigynia orbicularis (K.Schum.) Robyns: shrub, restricted to Kalahari sands Ochna confusa Burtt Davy & Greenway: suffrutex Vangueria infausta Burch.: small tree, fruits edible Ochna pulchra Hook.: tree, in high rainfall areas Vangueria lasioclados K.Schum.: shrub, edible fruits OLACACEAE Vangueriopsis lanciflora (Hiern) Robyns: shrub/tree, edible fruits Ximenia americana L.: shrub, edible fruit STERCULIACEAE Ximenia caffra Sond.: shrub, edible fruit Triplochiton zambesiacus Milne-Redh.: leaves used as vegetables in Zambezi Valley POLYGALACEAE VERBENACEAE Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen: shrub/tree, potential ornamental species Vitex doniana Sweet: tree with edible fruits

Developing a Teaching Botanic Garden at the University of Zambia

he University of Zambia was estab- • Hydromorphic soils occurring on lime- Before the construction of the University Tlished in 1963, following recommenda- stone terrain, in the western and south- Campus in 1967, the site was covered by tions made by the Lockwood Commission ern sectors of the campus. It includes indigenous vegetation representing veg- to the government of the then Northern the dambo lines along which the Goma etation types such as grassland (dambo), Rhodesia. The university became opera- Lakes (dams) are sited. woodland and savannah. The basic tional two years later and Dr. Kenneth D • Red loamy soils, which develop from the hydromorphic soils were covered by Kaunda was inaugurated as the first Chan- interface of limestone and quartzite li- edaphic grassland, locally known as cellor by the late Dr. Julius Nyerere on the thology, cover the greater part of the dambo. This variant of dambo is usually 12th July 1966. campus. dominated by Hyparrhenia rufa, whereas • Loamy soils underlain by a layer of wetter areas are covered with Imperata Soil Types and Vegetation stones, about 30 cm deep, occur in the cylindrica. A patch of degenerated miombo northern sector of the campus, extend- occurred on the acidic lithosols in which Three soil types were identified on the cam- ing northwards from the School of Edu- the characteristic species are Brachystegia pus: cation. These soils are termed lithosols. boehmii, B. spiciformis and Julbernardia

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 91 globiflora, with patches of Hyperthelia section. The cycad Encephalartos schmitzii Contact with the Outside dissoluta, a course grass, occurring in the which in nature occurs in rocky habitats World open spaces. The loamy soils in the transi- within the miombo woodland, has been tional zone, currently fringing the Goma cultivated under Brachystegia boehmii, lo- Mr Gondwe and Mr Tembo were interns Lakes, were originally covered by savan- cated on the lithosols. at the Pretoria and Kirstenbosch National nah in which trees such as Ficus sycomorus Botanical Gardens respectively. The and Acacia spp. were prominent. Wetland Flora and Aquatic Plants internships were aimed at ensuring sustainability in the management of the The Garden Plan The aquatic habitat, in the form of the Goma UNZA Botanic Garden and the back-up Lakes, has a number of hydrophytes. These nursery facilities, situated in Chilanga, The Teaching Botanic Garden, located at include Cyperus papyrus, Ludwigia when the SABONET project comes to an the main entrance to the campus, covers stolonifera and the invasive Pontederia end. an area of about 12 hectares of land. The cordata and Typha domingensis. Efforts are garden was established initially to preserve made to eliminate Typha from the dams and Future Developments species that occurred on the site naturally. keep Pontederia under control. Neptunia A number of these plants are indicator spe- oralacea, a seismonastic plant collected As water is a scare resource in the garden, cies associated with the specific soil types from the Luangwa Valley, has been culti- this has been taken into account in occurring on the campus. The garden has vated on the banks of the Goma lakes. Oc- prioritising the nature of plant groups to been designed to serve as a field labora- casionally, in the dry season, these lakes be cultivated. Water-wise plants have been tory for students of botany, ecology, and tend to be invaded by a floating fern, Azolla given preference. The perennial plants in- biogeography, and has been divided into pinnata. The introduction of Nymphaea lo- clude trees, shrubs, and geophytes. Future the following sections: tus is proving difficult as the fish feed on development plans for the garden will the foliage. probably include the sinking of at least two Lower Valley Plants boreholes and a system of pipes to maintain the herbaceous flora of ornamental,

Living Collections The Role Players These are plants collected from the cultural, and medicinal value. Rare and Luangwa and Zambezi Valleys, and com- The management of the Teaching Botanic threatened plants, requiring special envi- prise the following species Colo- Garden requires the input of all ronmental conditions to thrive, may neces- phospermum mopane, Guibourtia conju- stakeholders. Mr Alex Tembo, Horticultural sitate the construction of greenhouses that gata, Friesodielsia obovata, Lonchocarpus Officer based at the University Nursery, has simulate the habitat conditions as they ex- capassa, Tamarindus indica, Triplochiton been responsible for the development of ist in nature. In order to improve the lei- zambesiacus and Ziziphus mauritiana. the garden. Plants collected from the wild sure amenities in the garden, the angling are initially maintained at the University lakes located in the eastern part of the gar- Miombo (UNZA) Nursery located in Chilanga. The den have to be rehabilitated, since the plants are then passed on to Mr Ernest ponds are shallow and have been invaded Many of the Miombo species are being Gondwe, the Horticultural Officer based at by the reed Typha. If these ponds are reha- encouraged to regenerate in their natural the campus, for cultivation in the garden. bilitated, it will further improve the land- habitat, while species such as Afzelia scape of the Teaching Botanic Garden, as a quanzensis, Brachystegia tamarindoides, Two leading botanists, P.S.M. Phiri and D. place of recreation for students and resi- Isoberlinia angolensis, Securidaca longi- Chuba, encourage the horticulturists to dents of Lusaka. pedunculata and Uapaca kirkiana have been undertake regular field trips with the aim introduced. The epiphytic orchid Ansellia of recording the ecological conditions un- —Patrick S.M. Phiri africana has been mounted in a mature tree der which the collected plants thrive. This Department of Biological Sciences of Brachystegia boehmii. makes cultivation of these species both in School of Natural Sciences the nursery and eventually in the garden University of Zambia Succulent Plants easier. P.O. Box 32379 Lusaka, Zambia A rockery for succulent species has been created and it is envisaged that species of Aloe, Euphorbia, Sansevieria and Stapelia, as well as other xerophytes will be cultivated here. Should funds become available, a number of endemic species of Euphorbia will be introduced to this sector of the garden. A concerted effort is being made to eliminate invasive species of Agave.

Gymnosperms

A diversity of gymnosperms will be cultivated on loamy soils east of the Goma lakes. Young plants of Ginkgo biloba obtained from Harare, Pinus species collected from the Zambian Rest house on the Nyika, Podocarpus latifolius (syn. P. milanjianus) collected from Mpika District and Araucaria Brachystegia boehmii towering over the rockery section of the Botanic Garden. sp. have been included in the gymnosperm (Photo: P.S.M. Phiri)

92 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 Living Collections Appendix: List of Plants Maintained in the Teaching Botanic Garden

AQUATIC PLANTS TYPHACEAE ALISMATACEAE Typha domingensis: Emergent invasive weed in shallow water Limnophyton angolense: Rooted herb. Origin: Luangwa-Feira District CYPERACEAE TERRESTRIAL PLANTS Cyperus papyru: Rooted perennial. Origin: Kafue River PTERIDOPHYTES FABACEAE DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Neptunia aralacea: Rooted herb with seismonastic leaves. Origin: Luangwa Valley Pteridium aquilinum subsp. aquilinum: Cultivated. Origin: Chunyunyu Hot Spring NYMPHAEACEAE EQUISETACEAE Nymphaea lotus: Rooted herb with floating leaves. Origin: Feira District Equisetum ramosissimum: Natural occurrence near stream ONAGRACEAE THELYPTERIDACEAE Ludwigia stolonifera: Prostrate herb on dam margin. Natural occurrence Thelypteris confluens: Cultivated fern. Origin: Chunyunyu Hot Spring, Chongwe POACEAE GYMNOSPERMS Paspalum vaginatum: Mat forming perennial grass. Origin: Luangwa Valley ARAUCARIACEAE PONTEDERIACEAE Araucaria sp.: Cultivated ornamental tree. Origin: Australia, South America Pontederia cordata: Cultivated emergent perennial herb. Origin: N. & S. America

Aloes and agaves in the rockery. Erythrina abyssinica allowed to regenerate in the (Photo: P.S.M. Phiri) miombo section of the botanic garden. (Photo: P.S.M. Phiri)

A section of the Teaching Botanic Garden near the Goma A young Adansonia digitata plant with simple Lakes. (Photo: P.S.M. Phiri) juvenile leaves. (Photo: P.S.M. Phiri)

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 93 GINKGACEAE Aloe greenii: Cultivated. Origin: Kasisi Area, Lusaka Ginkgo biloba: Cultivated tree obtained from Zimbabwe. Origin: Southern China APOCYNACEAE PINACEAE Nerium oleander: Cultivated ornamental shrub. Origin: Mediterranean region Cupressus sp.: Cultivated ARACACEAE Pinus insularis: Cultivated tree. Origin: Burma, Philippines Arecastrum romanzoffianum: Cultivated palm along main road. Origin: Brazil Pinus sp. Cultivated. Origin: Introduced from Nyika Plantation Phoenix reclinata: Cultivated indigenous palm PODOCARPACEAE Sabal sp.: Cultivated palm along main road. Origin: West Indies Podocarpus milanjianus: Cultivated. Origin: Bwingimfumu Forest Reserve, Mpika DRACAENACEAE ZAMIACEAE Dracaena camerooniana: Cultivated. Origin: Chishimba Falls, Kasama District Encephalartos schmitzii: Cultivated indigenous cycad. Origin: from Mpika District Dracaena steudneri: Cultivated from UNZA Nursery ANGIOSPERMS—MONOCOTS Sansevieria sp.: Cultivated. Origin: Lusaka West ALOACEAE MUSACEAE Aloe arborescens: Cultivated succulent plant. Origin: South Africa Musa sp.: Cultivated. Origin: Asia Aloe barberae: Cultivated tree fern. Origin: Mozambique ORCHIDACEAE Aloe chabaudii: Cultivated. Origin: 130 km east of Lusaka along GERd. Ansellia africana: Cultivated epiphytic orchid. Origin: Chikowa, Luangwa Valley Aloe christianii: Cultivated. Origin: Kasisi Area, Lusaka

Living Collections

Worker at the UNZA Nursery in Chilanga. Upaca kirkiana plants in a section of the agroforestry (Photo: P.S.M. Phiri) nursery at Musekkera Research Station in Chipata. (Photo: P.S.M. Phiri)

Trichilia emetica seedlings in the SABONET section of the SABONET workers clearing Lantana camara in the eastern UNZA Nursery (Photo: P.S.M. Phiri) sector of the Botanic Garden. (Photo: P.S.M. Phiri)

Yucca plants growing on the cleared site. Workers planting strelitzias in the western section of the (Photo: P.S.M. Phiri) Botanic Garden. (Photo: P.S.M. Phiri)

94 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 Living Collections POACEAE CASUARINACEAE Cortaderia selloana: Cultivated Pampas grass. Origin: South America Casuarina equisetifolia: Cultivated. Origin: Australia Cynodon dactylon: Cultivated lawn grass CELASTRACEAE Hyperthelia dissoluta: Natural occurrence in miombo sector Gymnosporia senegalensis: Shrub of natural occurrence in miombo sector Imperata cylindrica: Natural occurrence in wetland sectors COMBRETACEAE Oxytenanthera abyssinica: Cultivated. Origin: SW of Kacholola, Nyimba District Combretum fragrans.: Natural regeneration in miombo sector Phragmites mauritianus: Natural occurrence along stream Terminalia mollis: Natural occurrence at fringe of miombo STRELITZIACEAE EBENACEAE Strelitzia spp.: Cultivated ornamentals. Origin: South Africa Diospyros senensis: Cultivated. Origin: Lusitu area, Zambezi Valley VELLOZIACEAE EUPHORBIACEAE Xerophyta equisetoides: Cultivated. Origin: Mpika District Acalypha sp.: Cultivated ornamental plant ZINGIBERACEAE Bridelia micrantha: Natural regeneration Aframomum sp.: Cultivated. Origin: Lwitikila Falls, Mpika District Euphorbia ingens: Cultivated. Origin: South of Kafue Bridge, Mazabuka Euphorbia matabelensis: Cultivated. Origin: Chadiza District, Eastern Province ANGIOSPERMS—DICOTS Euphorbia sp. (probably E. cooperi): Cultivated. Origin: Lusitu, Zambezi Valley ANACARDIACEAE Euphorbia sp.: Cultivated. Origin: Luangwa Valley Rhus longipes: Natural occurrence in miombo sector Phyllanthus muelleranus: Indigenous shrub: natural occurrence ANNONACEAE Uapaca kirkiana: Cultivated. Origin: Lwitikira Falls, Mpika District Annona senegalensis: Natural occurrence at fringe of miombo FABACEAE Friesodielsia obovata: Cultivated shrub. Origin: Livingstone Acacia polyacantha: Invasive plant in disturbed areas APIACEAE Afzelia quanzensis: Indigenous tree species: cultivated from seed Centella asiatica: Natural occurrence along fringe of moist ground Albizia amara: Natural occurrence in miombo sector Steganotaenia araliacea: Natural regeneration in miombo sector Albizia antunesiana: Natural regeneration in degraded miombo sector APOCYNACEAE Albizia versicolor: Natural regeneration in degraded miombo sector Nerium oleander: Cultivated ornamental. Origin: Mediterranean Region Bauhinia galpinii: Shrub obtained from Church Rd, Lusaka. Origin: South Africa ARALIACEAE Bauhinia petersiana: Natural regeneration in degraded miombo sector Schefflera sp.: Cultivated ornamental Bauhinia variegata: Cultivated ornamental ARAUCARIACEAE Brachystegia boehmii: Natural occurrence in Miombo sector Araucaria sp.: Cultivated exotic ornamental. Brachystegia spiciformis: Natural regeneration in degraded miombo sector ASCLEPIADACEAE Brachystegia rotundifolia: Cultivated. Origin: Mamba Mine, Zambezi Valley Calytropsis procera: Cultivated shrub. Origin: Lusitu, Zambezi Valley Colophospermum mopane: Cultivated. Origin: Livingstone & Luangwa Valley Stapelia gigantea: Cultivated succulent plant. Origin: Lusaka East Cordyla africana: Cultivated. Origin: Luangwa Valley ASTERACEAE Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. nyassana: Natural regeneration in miombo sector Vernonia amygdalina: Shrub. Natural occurrence Erythrina abyssinica: Natural regeneration in degraded miombo sector BIGNONIACEAE Erythrina livingstoniana: Cultivated tree. Origin: Livingstone Bignonia capreolata: Cultivated ornamental. Origin: North America Erythrina lysistemon: Cultivated tree. Origin: obtained from Harare, Zimbabwe Tecoma stans: Cultivated ornamental. Origin: Tropical America Guibourtia conjugata: Cultivated. Origin: Zambezi Valley BOMBACACEAE Isoberlinia angolensis: Cultivated. Origin: 120 km E of Lusaka along GERd. Adansonia digitata: Indigenous plant: cultivated from seed Julbernardia globiflora: Natural occurrence in degraded miombo sector Ceiba pentandra: Cultivated. Origin: Tropical America Lonchocarpus capassa: Cultivated tree. Origin: Livingstone CARICACEAE Piliostigama thonningii: Natural establishment in degraded miombo sector Carica papaya: Cultivated fruit tree. Origin: Tropical America Senna petersiana: Natural occurrence in miombo sector

A bird’s eye view of ZAWA’s protected miombo woodland plot being considered for the establishment of an arboretum or nature reserve in Chipata Eastern Province, Zambia. (Photo: P.S.M. Phiri)

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 95 Senna singueana: Natural occurrence in miombo sector OCHNACEAE Tamarindus indica: Cultivated. Origin: Luangwa and Zambezi Valleys Ochna schweinfurthii: Natural occurrence in miombo sector FLACOURTIACEAE POLYGALACEAE Flacourtia indica: Natural regeneration in miombo sector Securidaca longipedunculata: Cultivated shrub. Origin: 100 km E of Lusaka LOGANIACEAE POLYGONACEAE Strychnos cocculoides: Natural regeneration in miombo sector Polygonum salicifolium: Natural occurrence along dam edges. MALVACEAE RHAMNACEAE Azanza garckeana: Cultivated. Origin: Livingstone Ziziphus mauritiana: Introduced fruit tree. Origin: Luangwa District MELASTOMATACEAE RUBIACEAE Tibouchina granulosa: Cultivated ornamental from Rose Garden Coffea arabica: Cultivated crop plant. Origin: Ethiopia MELIACEAE RUTACEAE Azadirachta indica: Invasive plant. Origin: Asia Zanthoxylum chalybeum: Cultivated. Origin: Chinyunyu Area, E of Lusaka Toona ciliata: Invasive plant. Origin: Asia SALICACEAE Trichilia emetica: Cultivated ornamental. Origin: Luangwa & Zambezi Valleys Salix babylonica: Cultivated. Origin: China MORACEAE SOLANACEAE Ficus benjamina: Cultivated ornamental. Origin: India Brugmansia suaveolens: Cultivated ornamental. Origin: Brazil Ficus sycomorus: Natural occurrence on termite mounds Solanum hispidum: Invasive plant, common in campus area MYROTHAMNACEAE STERCULIACEAE Myrothamnus flabellifolius: Cultivated. Origin: Chadiza District, Eastern Province Sterculia quinqueloba: Cultivated. Origin: Siavonga District MYRTACEAE Triplochiton zambesiacus: Cultivated. Origin: Zambezi Valley Callistemon sp.: Cultivated. Origin: Australia VERBENACEAE Eucalyptus spp. Cultivated. Origin: Australia Lantana camara: Invasive weed. Origin: Tropical South America Syzygium sp.: Cultivated exotic plant VITACEAE NYCTAGINACEAE Cissus cornifolia: Cultivated shrub. Origin: Luangwa Valley

Living Collections Bougainvillea sp.: Cultivated. Origin: South America Cissus quadrangularis: Cultivated liane. Origin: Lusitu area, Zambezi Valley ThreatenedThreatened PlantsPlants ProgrammeProgramme

Gerbera aurantiaca: Flagship Species

n 2001 the Natal National Botanical Gar- resentative ex situ populations (from like roots that allow them to withstand the Iden in Pietermaritzburg submitted a wild localities) dry winter months and frequent veld fires. proposal for a Threatened Plant Pro- • The selection and propagation of some In early spring rosettes of erect, dark green gramme to SABONET and subsequently of the most attractive varieties for hor- leathery leaves emerge, followed by the received a grant of US$ 3,000.00 in March ticulture flowers. 2002—an enormous source of encourage- • A study of the population biology of the ment! species in its natural habitat to aid with Flower colours range from deep red, or- conservation strategies (This part of the ange and pink to yellow and cream. While The Hilton Daisy (Gerbera aurantiaca: project is being carried out in collabo- some of this colour variation may result Asteraceae) was selected as the flagship ration with the University of Natal, from hybridisation with the closely related species of this programme for many rea- Pietermaritzburg, where the author is species G. ambigua, which has white or sons, including: currently registered for a postgraduate pinkish petals, the orange and yellow col- • Its status as a threatened species (Scott- degree) ours are probably variations within the spe- Shaw 1999) cies. The daisies also show great variation • Being known as an ‘indicator’ species The Hilton Daisy, with its striking dark-cen- in petal morphology. of the Moist Mistbelt Grassland, a rap- tred red flowerheads, is a long-lived en- idly disappearing habitat type demic of the moist mistbelt grassland in Sadly, this once common flower has be- • Its ‘charisma’, because of its spectacu- and around Pietermaritzburg. Colonies of come endangered—a status that is attrib- lar red flowers and its emotive associa- the daisies are found on rocky doleritic hill uted to habitat destruction and fragmentation with the people of Pietermaritzburg slopes at altitudes of between 950 m and tion, caused by agriculture and urban and surrounding areas 1,500 m. The daisies grow vegetatively to sprawl. Less than 3.5% of the mistbelt • Its considerable horticultural potential produce clones. These often measure over grassland remains in near-pristine condi- The main aims of the project are: a meter in diameter, and may be hundreds tion and in large enough fragments to con- • The establishment in the Garden of rep- of years old. The plants have thick thong- sider conserving. G. aurantiaca is now only

96 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 known to occur in about ten widely scat- G. aurantiaca seeds do not have a dormancy of such things as selective amplication and tered localities. period and germinate immediately after band scoring. Some preliminary work on maturity under suitable conditions. At G. aurantiaca DNA was done and we plan Habitat fragmentation has many adverse room temperature viability is lost after a few to continue with more extensive samples effects on the survival of plant communi- months, but stored at 4°C, seeds have ex- early next year. ties, including inbreeding (which results in hibited high germination rates after 12 reduction of genetic variation) and the dis- months. Future Plans appearance of pollinators. Germination trials indicate that the seed Additional propagative material will be The populations are also affected by gar- germination percentage is high (85%). collected from wild populations for the ex deners removing clumps of plants for their There does appear to be considerable loss situ collection. We also plan to collect seed gardens, where the daisies seldom survive during the first year (up to 30%), which for the Kew Millennium Seed Bank Project. as they are notoriously difficult to grow in could be attributed to pathogenic infection cultivation. or lack of seedling vigour. Leaf material will be sampled from all populations for genetic analyses (AFLPs) to As yet, little is known of the population bi- DNA Fingerprinting determine the degree of genetic variation ology of the Hilton Daisy. The most impor- within and between populations (in col- tant pollinators appear to be brown hairy Genetic studies are crucial to ex situ con- laboration with the Leslie Hill Molecular monkey beetles, but seed set is low and servation since collections need to be rep- Systematics Unit at Kirstenbosch). there is a high percentage of seed preda- resentative of the genetic range of the tar- tion. Some populations have virtually no get species (Maunder 2002). The impor- We have initiated a feasibility study into the small plants, indicating that seedling re- tance of assessing genetic variation on the micro-propagation of the Hilton Daisy with cruitment is low. This situation is probably basis of molecular techniques in botanic the Durban Corporation, and hope to have aggravated by the fact that many of the re- garden recovery plans, has been empha- some initial results within the next few maining populations are situated in small sised by Akeroyd & Wyse Jackson (1995). months. Once successful techniques have pockets of grassland between timber plan- been established, desirable forms will be tations or sugarcane, which are burnt an- Many molecular techniques have been de- propagated for distribution to home gar- nually as firebreaks. Even if the seeds, shed veloped in the last few years to investigate deners. in late November, germinate immediately, genetic variation. While no single tech- the six to seven month old seedlings are nique is universally ideal, the AFLP-PCR This season we are carrying out investiga- not likely to have developed a sufficiently (amplified fragment length polymorphism- tions into the breeding systems of the robust root system to survive the early win- polymerase chain reaction) is a relatively Hilton Daisy, including pollinator studies, ter fires. cheap, easy, fast and reliable method to crossing experiments to establish whether generate hundreds of informative genetic the species is self-incompatible, and meas- Ex situ Propagation markers (Mueller & Wolfenbarger 1999). urement of allozyme variation within the different populations to determine the de- The SABONET grant has allowed us to con- In order to learn this technique, the author gree of homozygosity or inbreeding (in struct seven raised beds in the nursery that applied to SABONET and was granted an collaboration with UNP) are specifically designed to house the internship to the Leslie Hill Molecular Sys- threatened plant collection. We now have tematics Unit at Kirstenbosch in May this We want to see what the effect of fire on approximately 45 representative plants year. The Unit uses the AFLP technique for the survival of seedlings is. from 9 localities growing and flowering in molecular systematic studies. This was a the nursery. In addition, we have 110 small valuable introduction to a precise and com- Other Species plants that were raised from seed donated plicated technique, and the staff of the Unit in 2001 and collected in 2002. deserve much credit for teaching a ham- We have also established collections of other handed horticulturist about the intricacies threatened mistbelt grassland species, such (continued on page 100)

The brown hairy monkey beetle, a frequent visitor to Young Gerbera aurantiaca plants in the nursery. (Photo : I. Johnson, Gerbera aurantiaca. (Photo : I. Johnson, NBI) NBI)

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 97 Missing any SABONET publications? SABONET News

Vol. 1 No. 2 Vol. 2 No. 2 Vol. 3 No. 1 Vol. 4 No. 3 Vol. 5 No. 1 Vol. 6 No. 1 December 1996 August 1997 April 1998 December 1999 April 2000 March 2001

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Although the Southern African Plant Red Data Lists book is out of print, there are still copies of the Southern African Plant Red Data Lists Database on CD available. To order, do one of the following:

• Send an email message to [email protected], including the phrase “Red Data Lists Database Order” in the subject line, and your name and mailing address in the body of the message. • Send a fax with the same information to (27) 12 804-5979. • Write to Red Data List Orders, SABONET, National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, including the same information.

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98 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 ORDER YOUR BACK ISSUES NOW SABONET Report Series

No. 1: No. 2: No. 3: No. 4: No. 5: No. 6: Southern African National Her- Index herbariorum: southern PRECIS Specimen Database SABONET Project Document Plant taxonomic and related Southern African herbarium baria: Status Reports, 1996 African supplement user guide projects in southern Africa needs assessment

No. 7: No. 8: No. 9: No. 10: No. 11: No. 12: A checklist of Namibian plant Index herbariorum: southern Making your garden come Plant taxonomic expertise— Southern African botanical Action Plan for southern Afri- species African supplement (2nd edi- alive! Environmental interpre- an inventory for southern gardens needs assessment can botanical gardens tion) tation in botanical gardens Africa

No. 13: No. 14: No. 15: No. 16: No. 17: No. 18:

Conspectus of Southern African Southern African Plant Red Addressing the Needs of A checklist of Zimbabwean A checklist of Lesotho Grasses Trees of Botswana: Names and Pteridophyta Data Lists the Users of Botanical Grasses Distribution Information

PLEASE NOTE:

PDF files of all SABONET Reports will soon be available on the revamped SABONET website

No. 19: No. 20: Swaziland ferns and fern Checklist of grasses in Namibia allies

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 99 (continued from page 97) as Dierama luteoalbidum and Watsonia canaliculata, successfully raised from book review wild-collected seed. We hope to add more species this season. Invasive Aquatic Plants I hope that the results of this project will provide us with a better understanding Henderson, L. & Cilliers, C.J. 2002 nor oversights and the book will be valu- of the population dynamics and growth Plant Protection Research Institute, able to farmers, aquatic scientists, and a requirements of the Hilton Daisy, which, Handbook No. 16 wide range of environmentalists. in turn, will enable more informed con- ARC–Plant Protection Research Institute servation guidelines to be drawn up by Pretoria [i–iv + 1–88] Ms Lesley Henderson can be contacted at: the relevant conservation agencies. Agricultural Research Council t is a pleasure to come across a book with Plant Protection Research Institute We have been very fortunate and want Isuch a wealth of useful information—well Weeds Division to thank SABONET for the grant of presented and illustrated, in a convenient National Botanical Institute US$ 3,000.00 to take on this project. The size, and at a very reasonable price. Private Bag X101 grant has enabled the construction of Pretoria nursery facilities, the financing of field The authors cover a range of plants from 0001 trips, the outsourcing of micropropagation floating ferns to vascular plants, both alien South Africa and the promotion of the project. In and native southern African species that Tel.: 27 12 8043200 addition, BOTSOC generously awarded a have become dangerously invasive or have Fax: 27 12 8043211 conservation grant of R 20,000.00 to the potential of becoming so in South Afri- [email protected] study some aspects of the wild ca’s aquatic environment. populations, including measurements of —C.J. Ward genetic variation. The University of Natal, Simple symbols make this book easy to use. Botanical Scientist/Consulting Ecologist Pietermaritzburg, has provided research The well-produced line drawings and am- Durban facilities and much guidance with ple coloured photographs of the plants [email protected] taxonomic and population biology make identification easy and the book at- investigations. In particular, I am indebted tractive. It lists bio-control agents and their to Prof. Trevor Edwards, Curator of the effect on selected species, as well as regis- Bews Herbarium. tered herbicides and physical con- AKEROYD, J.R. & WYSE JACKSON, trol methods. Line P.S. 1995. A handbook for botanic drawings of the gardens on the reintroduction of leaves of the alien plants to the wild, BGCI. RTZ Publ. Hydrocharitaceae MAUNDER, M. 2002. IUCN Policy on and such large- the management of ex-situ leaved native mem- populations for conservation. bers, such as SABONET News 8(1):18-19. Lagarosiphon major MUELLER, U.G. & WOLFENBERGER, would have been a L.L. 1999. TREE 14 (10). useful addition, as SCOTT-SHAW, C.R. 1999. Rare and these are often dif- threatened plants of KwaZulu-Natal ficult to identify, es- and neighbouring regions. KZN pecially when only Conservation Services, PMB. the leaves are present. Since they —Isabel Johnson can all be controlled Natal National Botanical Garden in a similar manner, P.O.Box 21667 such criticism is, Mayors Walk however, a minor. 3208 Tel.: 033-3443585 More emphasis could have been placed on Fax: 033-3441284 the potential danger of Ipomoea carnea [email protected] subsp. fistulosa in aquatic environments. One has merely to recall the scarcity of Chromolaena odorata immediately post- World War II, when its control would have been far less costly than the eradication campaigns necessary today. The value of taking timely steps to control dangerous aliens should not be underestimated.

Nevertheless, the amount of information given in this book far outweighs these mi-

100 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 book review Swaziland ferns and fern allies

J.P. Roux tion. This section Number 19 in the Southern African is started by a key Botanical Diversity Network Report to the families of Series became available on 1 October pteridophytes oc- 2003 (ISBN 1-919795-97-9). This 241 page curring in the soft cover publication is available free of country. Thereaf- charge from the SABONET Regional ter the families Office. and their genera are treated in a he work starts with an Introduction sec- systematic/phylo- Ttion giving a short history of plant col- genetic sequence lecting and botanical research in Swaziland, following Roux illustrating the background for the project (2001). Each family that preceded this publication. This section treatment is start- also provides a short description of the lay- ed by a short fam- out of the book and the structure of the data ily description, fol- contained in the descriptions and distribu- lowed by a key to tion maps found in the Taxonomy section. the genera of the family. Each ge- The Topography section provides a short nus treatment is description of Swaziland’s topography, in- started by the publication reference and dicating the differences between the type of the genus name, an indication of highveld, middleveld and lowveld regions. the derivation/meaning of the name, a ge- It also contains a map illustrating the to- nus description, a short indication of the pography of the country. general size and distribution of the genus, and a key to the species. Each species/ The rock formations found in Swaziland infraspecific taxon treatment comprises a and the country’s geological history are de- list of publication references for the name, scribed in the Geology section. A table its type specimen, a key to the infraspecific shows the stratigraphy of the major vol- taxa (where present), a list of synonyms, an cano-sedimentary and igneous rock forma- indication of the derivation/meaning of the tions and a map illustrates the major geo- name, a species/infraspecific description, logical formations in the country. vernacular names and short pieces on the ecology, distribution and uses (where The Climate section describes the differ- known) of the species/infraspecific taxon. ences in mean annual minimum and maxi- Each taxon is also accompanied by a dis- mum temperatures and mean annual rain- tribution map, which was compiled using The Flora of Swaziland (Compton 1976) has fall between the country’s three topo- a two-system approach. This two-system long been the standard work for the flora graphic regions. approach was necessary since GPS read- of Swaziland, but for some reason the ings are generally not available for older pteridophytes were omitted from this In the Vegetation section the four Acocks veg- collections and since the exact locality can monumental work. The current publication etation types and their subdivisions (totalling thus not be plotted, the quarter-degree will fill a big void in the enjoyment and un- seven) that occur in Swaziland, are briefly square in which the plant was collected is derstanding of the pteridophyte flora of this described, giving some of their features, dis- outlined (not shaded as indicated in the In- country and is a must on the bookshelves tribution and listing a number of (non-fern) troduction section). Where GPS readings of any fernatic planning to venture into species commonly occurring in them. A map were available, the collecting localities are Swaziland. indicating the distribution of these vegetation indicated by a dot. This is a good way in types also accompanies this section. which to get the best of both worlds and to COMPTON, R.H. 1976. The Flora of use all the distribution data that are avail- Swaziland. Journal of South African The Conservation section depicts the state able for each taxon. Botany, Suppl. 11. of conservation in Swaziland. A table indi- ROUX, J.P. 2001. Conspectus of southern cates the proclaimed nature reserves, The Abbreviations and Glossary section African Pteridophyta. Southern African showing their date of proclamation, size gives a useful explanation of the commonly Botanical Diversity Network Report No and the vegetation types conserved by used abbreviations and terms in the book. 13. SABONET, Pretoria these areas. Threats to conservation and —Ronell Klopper biodiversity are also briefly touched. The publication is ended with a short Ref- erences section and a comprehensive In- Reprinted from Pteridoforum 67: 3–5 with A total of 112 taxa are treated and illustrated dex to all the taxa and their synonyms that kind permission from the Fern Society of in the 49 line drawings of the Taxonomy sec- are treated in the work. Southern Africa.

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 101 Putting taxonomy on the Conservation International, sponsored by phanerogams; physiology, and the web Intel. referring literature. Numerous current efforts to put taxonomy on the Web demonstrate the fea- Fact Sheets for 680 Trees Global Forest Science— sibility of our computer technology era, http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/trees/ Research Projects and include the following sites: This gateway features 680 tree fact sheets, www.globalforestscience.org/research/ each presented as three-page pamphlets in projects.html www.ipni.org portable document format (PDF), requiring The Global Forest Society is a research- The International Plant Name Index the Acrobat Reader (available free from oriented consortium of research scientists Adobe). Species are listed by family, com- affiliated with numerous universities that www.tolweb.org/tree mon name, and scientific name. Each guide funds a wide diversity of research projects The Tree of Life Project, which provides provides detailed information on the spe- on forests. Topics include subalpine phylogenies cies’ growth form, characteristics, U.S. dis- ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems, tribution, use & management, pests & dis- species at risk, inner city flora & fauna, www.itis.usda.gov eases and more. Although produced in the redwood treetop ecology, biomedical & The Integrated Taxonomic Information early 1990s, the fact sheets remain a useful pharmaceuticals, environmental System resource. monitoring, unique ecosystems & habitats, forest entomology & pathology, www.gbif.org Picture Profile of the and first peoples’ non-timber forest The Global Biodiversity Information Fa- Northern Namib products. This extensive web site reports cility www.slowcoach.org/sct/namibia/galleries/ on progress on these studies, as well as collections/westofbrandberg0101.html providing children’s materials, general http://speciesanalyst.net The Namibian Desert is an area of information on forest ecology, and various A search engine to access multiple data- fascination, as well as the native habitat of resources. bases of specimen information from col- Welwitschia mirabilis, one of the most lections located throughout North remarkable plants known to man. It is PlantZAfrica.com America and endemic. Welwitschia mirabilis is in a www.plantzafrica.com/ monotypic family of the Gnetales that has This site features information about plants www.all-species.org many highly advanced characters for a native to southern Africa (SA). The site The All Species Foundation, which in- gymnosperm, forming a saddle-shaped includes: Plants of SA, Vegetation of SA, tends to make an inventory of all species trunk with vessels and sieve tubes, Using SA Plants, From the Archives, on earth within the next 25 years. (It is unisexual strobili derived from bisexual Miscellaneous Info and a site search. The perhaps worth noting parenthetically that ones, a form of “double fertilization” in plants site contains images, plant this task may seem less daunting now which two embryos are formed, and a information and how to grow the plant. than it did just a few months ago, because remarkably reduced vegetative Since this is part of the Gondwana flora, it appears that the number of species is organization. In its lifetime, it forms only visitors from Europe, Asia, and North actually manageable, perhaps closer to 10 four leaves; two of them cotyledons and the America will find many plants to be million than the 100 million that some two mature leaves growing for the unfamiliar. The site also provides have speculated.) remainder of its often quite lengthy lifetime. thumbnail images of plants of the week from Kirstenbosch NBG and Wit- Biodiversity Hotspots Botany: The History of a watersrand NBG. This site is sponsored www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/ Science by the National Botanical Institute of Hotspots www.i-a-s.de/IAS/botanik/e01/01.htm South Africa. Biodiversity hotspots are regions contain- “Botany: The History of a Science” provides ing an unusually rich or unique assem- detailed and excellent chapters covering Pine (Gymnosperm) Life blage of species, which by their very na- botany from before Theophrastes (excellent Cycle ture deserve preservation. Sites from each summary of early Greek work) to the http://fybio.bio.usyd.edu.au/vle/L1/ continent are featured, from islands to present. Chapters include: first scientific ResourceCentre/GraphicFiles/ mountaintops and river valleys. The 25 se- description; botany under Roman rule; FS_LCPine.html lected biodiversity hotspots contain 44% decline of botany—the Dark Age; The typical gymnosperm life cycle on the of plant species and 35% of terrestrial ver- renaissance; botany in the 17th and 18th sexual reproductive cycle of pines, tebrate species, but occupy only 1.4 % of century: the basis of systematics; Phylum Coniferophyta, is well illustrated the planet’s land area. This site includes microscopy: the achievements of the 19th on this site. Developmental phases and information about biodiversity hotspots in century and their 17th-century roots; organs are hyperlinked with well chosen general, as well as pages showing each characterisation of cryptogams: phylo- illustrations, brief narratives and hotspot individually. Site constructed by genetical relations between cryptogams & (continued on page 107)

102 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 103 104 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 105 106 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 (continued from page 102) Computational Aquatic introduction, an extensive image gallery, appropriate glossary items. Hyperlinked Ecosystem Dynamics web links, family indices, a modern terms include sporophyte, female cone Model discussion of the current classification (meiosis, megaspores, female gameto- www.cwr.uwa.edu.au/services/models/ scheme for this group, as well as phyte), male cone (meiosis, microspores, CAEDYM/documentation/ information on the biology, chromosome male gametophyte), pollination, sperm, scienceGuide/caedym_science/ counts and economic uses of members egg, fertilisation, zygote, embryo, CAEDYM is a research site consisting of of this family. The Malvaceae image endosperm and young sporophyte. The a suite of models for predicting the gallery has 46 genera listed, featuring quality is high, reasonably hyperlinked, and behaviour of aquatic ecosystems under a coverage of the “new” Malvaceae, well designed. variety of different conditions. The entire including Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae, work contains 16 topics from phyto- Tiliaceae and Byttneriaceae. The images Predicting Invasions of plankton to sea grasses (& macrophytes), are impressive jpegs of various plants Non-indigenous Plants macroalgae, dissolved oxygen, bio- parts, not just flowers. Although these and Pests chemical oxygen demand, nutrients, are modest in size, the collection is www.nap.edu/books/0309082641/html/ suspended solids, pH and various specific reasonably encyclopedic. A detailed This web site contains the free book: macronutrients (like iron, manganese and discussion of members of the family, Predicting Invasions of Non-indigenous aluminium). There are also extensive genus-by-genus is planned. Plants and Plant Pests, provided by the references. National Academies Press. Compiled by The Herbage CD-ROM, the United States Board on Life Sciences The Electronic Plant Third Edition and the Board on Agriculture and Information Centre www.web-of-life.org/herbage/ or Natural Resources, this 194-page book www.rbgkew.org.uk/epic/ www.ecocopia.com/herbage/ explores the difficulties in predicting the The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew presents The Herbage CD-ROM by Tim Johnson immigration and impact of exotic the Electronic Plant Information Centre (author of the CRC Ethnobotany Desk species. Researchers active in this field (ePIC), an online resource designed to Reference) contains a database of over may find this free resource of use. serve as a single gateway to all digitised 28,000 concise monographs of medicinal plant information generated by Kew. ePIC plant species characteristics—and an Seed Dormancy and/or brings together Kew’s major specimen, inventory of claimed attributes and Germination in Higher bibliographic and taxonomic databases in historical uses by cultures throughout Plants an easy-to-search interface. Simply enter the world—the result of more than a http://library.usask.ca/dbs/seed.html a scientific plant name into the search decade of independent research. Although online databases abound, this engine, and ePIC will retrieve all available Monographs are linked to millions of one on seed dormancy and germination information on record, as well as links to articles and images via the World Wide is unusually authoritative, including related information resources from Web, providing an exhaustive tool for in- entries (12,000 items!) from 1890 to the external organizations. Search results may depth global herb research. The Herbage present. The site generates biblio- be downloaded as an email message. More CD-ROM, Third Edition was released on graphic data, much of which may be information, including digital images and April 23rd, 2003. It is web-browser- copied, or selected and e-mailed. The electronic documents, will be added to ePIC based, compatible with any Windows or interface is reasonably intuitive, as it becomes available. Macintosh computer. complementing other more general databases (for instance, AGRICOLA). Malvaceae Pages —Franci Siebert Although primarily a research site, amateur www.meden.demon.co.uk/Malvaceae/ Department of Botany gardeners and plant biologists alike may Malvaceae.html University of Pretoria find interesting and useful data here. The Malvaceae pages include an

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 107 ThePaper Chase

he object of this column is to keep an eye open for literature which SABONET users may find useful. This will mostly be new Tpublications, but may well include older information in answer to questions such as “what’s the best key to …”. It is neither possible nor desirable that the flow of such information should be one-way, from Pretoria outwards, so would readers please feel free to submit notes and useful information to the address at the end of this column.

The citation of an item here does not imply any guarantee of its contents or even its existence; very often the compiler has not seen the documents referred to.

Mary Gunn Library: Theses Maunder M., Clubbe, C., Hankama, C. & Groves, M. (eds). Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, UK. 628 pages. ❚ Aboobaker, H. 2002. Gene conservation in the threatened medicinal plant Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels (Asclepidiaceae) ❚ Status survey and conservation action plan. Cycads. Donaldson, J. using DNA profiles and micropropagation. MSc thesis, University of (ed.). 2003. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. IUCN/ Durban-Westville, Durban. SSC Cycad specialist group. ix + 86 pages.

❚ Craven, P. 2002. Phytogeography of Namibia: A taxon approach to ❚ The cactus family. 2001. Anderson, E.F. Timber Press, Portland, the spermatophyte flora. MSc thesis. University of Stellenbosch, Oregon. 776 pages. Stellenbosch. ❚ The purpose and teaching of applied ethnobotany. 2003. Hamilton, ❚ Hahn, N. 2002. Endemic flora of the Soutpansberg. MSc thesis, A.C., Shengji, P., Kessy, J., Khan, A.A., Lagos-White, S. & Shinwari, University of Natal, Durban. Z.K. World Wide Fund for Nature, London. 72 pages.

❚ Harry, N. 2003. Edaphic effects on vegetation at the Baryulgil ❚ The root causes of biodiversity loss. 2000. Wood, A., Stedman- Serpentinite Belt, northern New South Wales, Australia. B.Sc. Edwards, P. & Mang J. (eds). Earthscan, London. 399 pages. Honours thesis, Southern Cross University, Lismore. ❚ The vascular plants of the Dzanga-Shanga reserve, Central African ❚ Izidine, S.A. 2003. Licuati forest reserve, Mozambique: Flora, Republic. 2002. Harris, D.J. Meisc. National Botanic Garden of utilization and conservation. MSc thesis, University of Pretoria, Belgium. Scripta Botanica Belgica Vol. 23. 274 pages. Pretoria. ❚ Traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia. Contribution to ❚ Steenkamp, Y. 2002. Generic status of Catha and Lydenburgia ethnobotanical studies in Swaziland. 1998. Adeniji, K.O., Amusan, (Celastraceae). MSc thesis. University of Pretoria, Pretoria. O.O.G., Dlamini, P.S., Enaw-Orock, E.G., Gamedze, S.T., Gbile, Z.O., Langa, A.D., Makhubu, L.P., Mahunnah, R.L.A., Mshana, R.N., Mary Gunn Library: New Books Soforwara, A. & Vilane, M.J. Swaziland Organization of African Unity, Scientific, Technical and Research, Swaziland. ❚ Advances in Legume systematics Part 9. 2000. Herendeen, P.S. & Bruneau, A. (eds). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 363 pages. ❚ Tropical African Flowering Plants. Ecology and Distribution. Volume 1. Annonaceae–Balanitaceae. 2003. LeBrun, J.-P. & Stork, A.L. ❚ Africa environment outlook: past, present and future perspectives. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de le Ville de Geneve, Geneve, 2002. Earthprint, UK. 422 pages. 797 pages.

❚ Atlas of the vascular plants of Texas. Volume 1. Turner, B.L., Nichols, ❚ World Economic Plants. A standard reference. 1999. Wersama, H., Denner, G. & Doron, O. 2002. Brit Press. A Sida Botanical J.H.& León, B. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, NY, Washington Miscellany publication by the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, DC. 149 pages. Fort Worth. 648 pages. Mary Gunn Library: New Parts of Floras ❚ Cycads: with special reference to the southern African species. Grobbelaar, N. 2002. Published by the author, Pretoria. First english ❚ Flora Fanerogamica da ilha do cardosa. Vol 7. edition. Also available in Afrikaans. 331 pages. ❚ Flora Neotropica: 87. Melicoceae (Sapindaceae): Melicococcus and ❚ Endangered species threatened convention: the past, present and Talisia. future of CITES, the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora. 2000. Hutton, J. & Dickson, B. ❚ Flora of Ecuador Earthscan, London. 202 pages. ❚ Flora of Malesiana bulletin vol 13 (2) ❚ Forest conservation genetics: principles and practices. 2000. Young, A., Boshier, D. & Boyle, T. (eds). CSIRO Publishing, Australia. 352 ❚ Flora of tropical east Africa. Adiantaceae, Pteridaceae, pages. Hydnoraceae, & Apocynaceae (Part 1)

❚ Plant conservation in the tropics: perspectives and practice. 2002. ❚ Flora Zambesiaca Vol. 10 part 4.

108 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 ❚ Flora Zambesiaca Vol. 3 part 7. ❚ Threatened Species Programme – an overview of succulent plants in South Africa. M. Keith. Pages 64–67. ❚ Moss Flora of Central America Part 2. Encalyptaceae– Orthotrichaceae ❚ Untangling thicket and its components. J.Vlok. Pages 68–72.

Recently Published Papers ❚ A new pachycaul Dioscorea species from Mpumalanga Province, South Africa and its conservation. J. Hurter. Pages 73–75. African Journal of Aquatic Science 28(1) 2003 ❚ Succulent Karoo Ecosystem Programme (SKEP). K. Freckleton. ❚ The impact and control of alien aquatic vegetation in South African Pages 76–79. aquatic ecosystems. M.P. Hill. Pages 19–24. ❚ Patterns of floristic diversity in Mesembryanthemaceae. P. African Geographic September 2003 Chesselet, A.E. van Wyk, N. Griffin & G.F. Smith. Pages 80–85. (Commemorative Issue – 5th IUCN World Park Congress.) ❚ Minature Medusoid Euphorbias (Jacobson’s group 15): some ❚ Benefits beyond boundaries. A. Steiner. Pages 12–15. observations and comments. G. Marx. Pages 86–92.

❚ From the past…into the future. South Africa’s National Parks. P. ❚ Delosperma: taxonomic notes and proposed Red List status of Borchert. Pages 28–45. certain species. P.M Burgoyne & J.E. Victor. Pages 98–103.

Australian Journal of Botany 52 (4) 2003 ❚ Adaptations without barriers: succulent plants shaped by cliffs. Evan Jaarsveld & B. van Wyk. Pages 98–103. ❚ A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. J.H.C. Cornelissen, S. Lavorel, ❚ Some basic guidelines for the cultivation of succulent plants. G. E. Garnier, S. Diaz, N. Buchmann, D.E. Gurvich, R.B.Reich, H. ter Marx. Pages 104–107. Steege, H.D. Morgan, M.G.A. van der Heijden, J.G. Pausas & H. Poorter. Pages 335–380. ❚ Perspectives on succulent gardens of the world. G.F. Smith & C.K. Willis. Pages 108–111. ❚ Diversity and host tree preferences of vascular epiphytes and vines in a temperate rainforest in southern Chile. A.A. Muñoz, P. Chacún, Alsterworthia International 3(3) November 2003 F. Pérez, E.S. Barnet & J.J. Armesto. Pages 381–391. ❚ Infrageneric classifications of Haworthia (Aloaceae): perspectives ❚ Ecology and conservation of remnant Melaleuca ericifolia stands in from nectar sugar analysis. G.F. Smith, B.-E. van Wyk, E.M.A. Steyn the Tamar Valley, Tasmania. L.A. Bowkett & J.B. Kirkpatrick. Pages & I. Breuer. Pages 9–12. 405–413. ❚ A correction to the 2003 offering of the International Succulent ❚ Micropropagation of two threatened Tasmanian species of Introductions. G.F. Smith & E.M.A. Steyn. Pages 13–14. Calocephalus (Asteraceae), with comments on phenotypic plasticity. R.J. Sands, N.R Brown & A. Koutoulis. Pages 415–420. ❚ Variations on Aloe variegata, the partridge-breast aloe. P.I. Forster. Pages 15–19. ❚ Gene flow between introduced and native Eucalyptus species: exotic hybrids are establishing in the wild. R.C. Barbour, B.M. Potts Biodiversity and Conservation 12(6) (2003) & R.E. Vaillancourt. Page 429–439. ❚ Conservation to the rescue of taxonomy. A.G. Valdecasas & A.I. ❚ Orchid species succession in rehabilitated bauxite mines in Camacho. Pages 1113–1117. Western Australia. C.D Grant & J. Koch. Pages 453–457. Biological Conservation 111(3) (2003) ❚ Leaf epidermal microcharacters of the Old World species of Lotus (Leguminosae: Loteae) and their systematic significance. S.A. ❚ Responses of cycads with different life histories to the impact of Stenglein, M.N. Colares, A.M. Arambarri, M.C. Novoa, C.E. Vizcaino plant collecting: simulation models to determine important life & L. Katinas. Pages 459–469. history stages and population recovery times. D.C. Raimondo & J.S. Donaldson. Pages 345–358. Aloe 40(2, 3, 4) 2003 The Botanical Review 69 (1) January–March 2003 ❚ New cliff-dwelling Crassulaceae from the Eastern Cape: a new Cotyledon and two new Adromischus taxa from Mbashe and ❚ Should taxon names be explicitly defined? G.Moore. Pages 2–21. Mzimvubu Rivers, South Africa. E.J. van Jaarsveld & A.E. van Wyk. Pages 36–40. ❚ Is the Neotropical flora ready for the PhyloCode? J.P. Janovec, L.G. Clark & S.A. Mori. Pages 22–43. ❚ Whereto Haworthia limifolia? M.B. Bayer. Pages 41–51. ❚ Apomorphy-based definition also pinpoints a node, and Phylo- ❚ Dracophilus dealbatus (N.E.Br.) Wald. in the Richtersveld National Code names prevent effective communication. J.Kojima. Pages 44– Park. G. Williamson. Pages 53&54. 58.

❚ Cherishing the gems of the Little Karoo. A.L. Schutte-Vlok. Pages ❚ The Linnaean System and its 250-year persistence. R.T. Schuh. 60–64. Pages 59–78.

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 109 ❚ Critique of pure folly. J.M. Carpenter. Pages 79–92. This presents a Conservation Biology 17(1) (2003) critique of the draft PhyloCode. ❚ Conservation science in Africa and the role of international ❚ The illogical basis of phylogenetic nomenclature. R.A. Keller, R.N. collaboration. D. Western. Pages 11–19. Boyd & Q.D. Wheeler. Pages 93–110. Diversity and Distributions 9(1,3,5) (2003) ❚ The Phylocode is fatally flawed, and the “Linnaean” system can be easily fixed. K.C. Nixon, J.M. Carpenter & D.W. Stevenson. Pages ❚ Species richness and floristic relationships between mesas and 111–120. their surroundings in southern African Nama Karoo. A. Burke, K.J. Esler, E. Pienaar & P. Barnard. Pages 43–53. The Botanics Autumn 2003 Issue 14 ❚ Identifying spatial components of ecological and evolutionary ❚ Teach, empower and grow. Why skills is the key to conservation. I. processes for regional conservation planning in the Cape Floristic Maspero. Pages 4–7. Region, South Africa. M. Rouget, R.M. Cowling, R.L. Pressey & D.M. Richardson. Pages 191–210. Bothalia 33(1) (2003) ❚ Inselbergs in a changing world – global trends. A. Burke. Pages ❚ The genus Solanum (Solanaceae) in southern Africa: subgenus 375– 383. Leptostemomum, the introduced sections Acanthophora and Torva. W.G. Welman. Pages 1–18. ❚ Distribution of alien plant species in relation to human disturbance on the Georgia Sea Islands. J.C. Rodgers III & K.C. Parker. Pages ❚ Studies in the genus Machairophyllum (Mesembryanthemaceae), 385–398. with notes on some related genera. H. Kurzweil & P. Chesselet. Pages 19–40. ❚ Bibliodiversions (book reviews) – Regions of floristic endemism in southern Africa by A.E. Van Wyk and G.F. Smith. Pages 412–413. ❚ A new serotinous species of Cliffortia L. (Rosaceae) from Northern Cape, South Africa and section Arboreae emended. A.C. Ecological Monographs 73(3) August 2003 Fellingham. Pages 41–48. ❚ Community and phylogenetic structure of reproductive traits of ❚ A revision of Ledebouria (Hyacinthaceae) in South Africa. 3. The woody species in wet tropical forests. R.L. Chazdon, S. Careaga, C. reinstatement of L. ensifolia, L. galpinii and L. sandersonii. T.J. Webb & O. Vargas. Pages 331–348. Edwards & S. Venter. Pages 49–52. ❚ Response of Eucaluptus-dominated savanna to frequent fires: ❚ An annotated checklist of the pteridophyte flora of Swaziland. J.P. Lessons from Munmarlary, 1973–1996. J. Russell-Smith, P.J. Roux. Pages 53–58. Whitehead, G.D. Cook & J.L. Hoare. Pages 349–375.

❚ Taxonomy of the genus Passerina (Thymelaeaceae). C.L. ❚ Relationships at the aboveground-belowground interface: plants, Bredenkamp & A.E. van Wyk. Pages 59–98. soil biota, and soil processes. D.L. Porazinska, R.D. Bardgett, M.B. Blaauw, H.W. Hunt, A.N. Parsons, T.R. Seastedt & D.H. Wall. Pages ❚ A new subspecies of Brachystelma from Eastern Cape, South 377–395. Africa (Asclepiadoideae-Ceropegieae). A.P. Dold & P.V. Bruyns. Pages 105–106. Environmental Conservation 29(4) (2002)

❚ Tetradenia kaokoensis, a new species from Kaokoland, Namibia. ❚ Attitudes of coastal-forest users in Eastern Cape Province to E.J. van Jaarveld & A.E. van Wyk. Pages 107–108. management options arising from new South African forest policies. J.A.F. Obiri & M.J. Lawes. Pages 519–529. ❚ A new species and combinations in Drimia (Urgineoideae). J.C. Manning & P. Goldblatt. Pages 109–111. Farmers Weekly 26 September 2003, 10 October 2003 ❚ A new species of Ornithogalum from Eastern Cape, South Africa. A.P. Dold & S.A. Hammer. Pages112–115. ❚ Checklist for cut-flower projects. J. Maree Page 48.

❚ Two new cremnophilous taxa from semi-arid regions in South ❚ Planets list of protected areas tops 100 000 mark. L. Phillips. Page Africa. E.J. van Jaarveld & A.E. van Wyk. Pages 115–118. 14. This was a short news article reporting on the World Parks Congress in Durban (2003). ❚ A new species of Philyrophyllum (Gnaphalieae) from Namibia. P.P.J. Herman. Pages 118–120. ❚ How to grow lily bulbs. J. Maree. Page 46.

❚ A comparison of Mopaneveld vegetation in South Africa, Namibia Fern Gazetteer 16(6,7,8) (2002) and Zimbabwe. F. Siebert, G.J. Bredenkamp & S.J. Siebert. Pages 121–134. ❚ Fern conservation in south tropical Africa. J.E. Burrows & J.S. Golding. Pages 313–318. ❚ New chromosome counts for three Drimiopsis taxa. P.D. Lebatha, J.J. Spies & M.H. Buys. Pages 135–138. Flowering plants of Africa 58 (2003)

❚ Monotes glaber. Dipterocarpaceae. G. Kamumvuri, H.F. Glen & G. Condy. Pages 74–81.

110 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 ❚ Strophanthus kombe. Apocynaceae. E. Nyamhanga, H.F. Glen & G. PlantLife 28 (2003) Condy. Pages 90–95. ❚ A checklist of the plants found in the Venda Brachystegia sites, and ❚ Pachycarpus concolor subsp. arenicola. D.J. Goyder & G. Condy. some comments on their future. J. Burrows, M. Lotter & N. Hahn. Pages 96–103. Pages 5–10.

❚ Dicerocaryum forbesii and D. senecioides. Pedaliaceae. A.E. van ❚ The making of a checklist of Mahwaqa Moutain (Bulwer), Wyk & G. Condy. Pages 118–133. Southern Drakensberg. A. Rennie. Pages 14–15.

Journal of Applied Ecology 40(2) (2003) ❚ Canthium, Keetia and Psydrax (Rubiaceae) in South Africa. Part 2: How to recognise the South African species of Canthium. P.M. ❚ The resistance of a chalk grassland to disturbance. R.A. Hirst, R.F. Tilney. Pages 19–24. Pywell, R.H. Marrs & P.D. Putwain. Pages 368–379. ❚ Very cold areas: trees and shrubs for beginners. B. Small. Pages Journal of Arid Environments 54(2) (2003) 25–28.

❚ Regional perspectives on agriculture and biodiversity in the ❚ The spikethorns (Gymnosporia) in southern Africa: Sections drylands of Africa. M.B.K. Darkoh. Pages 261–279. Putterlickioides and Mossambicensis. M. Jordaan. Pages 35–41.

❚ Resource use conflicts: the future of the Kalahari ecosystem. N.M. ❚ The species concept and the conservation of biodiversity. Moleele & J. Mainah. Pages 405–423. Y. Steenkamp. Pages 42–43.

Journal of Environmental Management 67(2) South African Journal of Botany 68(4) (2002) (2003) ❚ Optimisation of the tissue culture protocol for the endangered Aloe ❚ A multi-criteria targeting approach to neutral grassland polyphylla. J.C. Chukwujekwu, C.W. Fennell & J. van Staden. Pages conservation. J. Bayliss, A. Helyar, J.T. Lee & S. Thompson. Pages 424–429. 145–160. ❚ Growth of enset (Ensete ventricosum) suckers under different Landscape Ecology 17(6) (2002) horticultural practices. M. Diro, S. Gebremariam, A. Zelleke & J van Staden. Pages 430–433. ❚ Landscape diversity in a conservation area and commercial and communal rangeland in xeric succulent thicket, South Africa. C. ❚ The horizontal distribution of root biomass in a South African Fabricius, A.R. Palmer & M. Burger. Pages 531–537. winter-rainfall desert community. K.J. Esler, R.M. Cowling & N.S. Eccles. Pages 443–446. Nature 422(6930) (2003) ❚ An analysis of the performance of an artificial wetland for nutrient ❚ The price of collecting life: overcoming the challenges involved in removal in solar saltworks. S.R. du Toit & E.E. Campbell. Pages 451– computerising herbarium specimens. G.F. Smith, Y. Steenkamp, R.R. 456. Klopper, S.J. Siebert & T.H. Arnold. Pages 375–376. ❚ Interpretation of late Holocene pollen in channel fills in the eastern Oikos 99(2) (2002) Free State, South Africa, in terms of local conditions and sediment reworking. J.U. Grobbelaar & F.H. Mohn. Pages 469–474. ❚ Invasibility and compositional stability in a grassland community: relationships to diversity and extrinsic factors. B.L. Foster, V.H. ❚ Vegetation ecology of Sekhukhuneland, South Africa: Combretum Smith, T.L. Dickson & T. Hildebrand. Pages 300–307. hereroense–Grewia vernicosa Open Mountain Bushveld. S.J. Siebert, A.E. van Wyk & G.J. Bredenkamp. Pages 475–496. ❚ Mechanisms of resistance of Mediterranean annual communities to invasion by Conyza bonariensis: effects of native functional ❚ Vegetation ecology of Sekhukhuneland, South Africa: Kirkia composition. A.H. Prieur-Richard, S. Lavorel, A. Dos Santos & K. wilmsii–Terminalia prunioides Closed Mountain Bushveld. S.J. Grigulis. Pages 338–346. Siebert, A.E. van Wyk & G.J. Bredenkamp. Pages 497–517.

Oryx 36(4) (2002) ❚ The effect of smoke on the photosynthetic gas exchange of Chry- santhemoides monilifera. M.E. Gilbert & B.S. Ripley. Pages 525–531. ❚ The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. P.P. Smith. Page 325. ❚ The genetic diversity of Scaevola plumieri (Goodeniaceae), an ❚ Possible control of Senna spectabilis (Caesalpiniaceae), an invasive indigenous dune coloniser, as revealed by Inter Simple Sequence tree in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. J.V. Wakibara & Repeat (ISSR) fingerprinting. N.P. Barker, K.T. Harman, B.S. Ripley & B.J. Mnaya. Pages 357–363. J. Bond. Pages 532–541.

Oryx 37(1) (2003) South African Journal of Science 98(11,12) (2002) ❚ An escalating trade in orchid tubers across Tanzania’s Southern Highlands: assessment, dynamics and conservation implications. ❚ Modelling Nama Karoo subshrub dry matter production using T.R.B. Davenport & H.J. Ndangalasi. Pages 55–61. climatic variables.. P.C.V. du Toit. Pages 527–533.

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 111 ❚ Yeasts and related microorganisms isolated from ripe marula fruits “SIG IVOIRE” and with regard to ecological factors. C. Chatelain, L. (Sclerocarya caffra) in Zimbabwe. R.N. Okagbue & M. Siwela. Pages Gautier & R. Spichiger. Pages 313–326. 551–552. ❚ The database FLOTROP and rangeland biodiversity in the Eastern ❚ Are Namibian inselbergs conservation islands? A floral Chad. P. Daget & A. Gaston. Pages 327–336. perspective. A. Burke. Pages 560–562. ❚ The database FLOTROP and the inventory of the flora of the ❚ The trade in medicinal plants in the Eastern Cape Province, South pastures of Sahelian Africa. A. Gaston & P. Daget. Pages 337–344. Africa. A.P. Dold & M.L. Cocks. Pages 589–596. ❚ Computerized data on the flora of Africa and Madagascar at the Systematic Botany 8(2) (2003) Paris Herbarium. M. Pignal, J-N. Labat, H. Falaise, C. Cusset et al. Pages 345–356. ❚ The concepts of deep-time flora’s and paleobotanical hot-spots. A. Graham. Pages 461–464. ❚ New floras from old: a roadmap for converting existing floras to electronic media. W.G. Gosline. Pages 357–362. Systematics and Geography of Plants 71(2) (2001) ❚ The herbarium and ALF on line. P. Daget & C. Frohlich. Page 363.

1. Floristics: exploration, institutions and progress with the ❚ Validity at regional level of the national floras in Western Africa: the Floras of Africa example of Poaceae. B. Toutain, P. Daget & P. Poilecot. Pages 364– 365. ❚ Plant systematics and phytogeography for the understanding of African biodiversity: Proceedings of the XVIth AETFAT Congress. E. 3. Monographs and revisions of African genera Robbrecht, J. Degreef & I. Friis. Pages 101–114. ❚ A survey of continental African Coptosperma (Rubiaceae, ❚ Progress with the botanical exploration of Ethiopia and Eritrea Pavetteae). J. Degreef, P. De Block & E. Robbrecht. Pages 367–382. during the last forty years. I. Friis. Pages 165–186. ❚ The genus Sabicea (Rubiaceae) in São Tomé (São Tomé and ❚ Remarks on the diversity of Sapotaceae in the natural flora of the Príncipe). G. Joffroy. Pages 383–390. Ivory Coast. L.A. Assi. Pages 187–196. ❚ Infrageneric classification of Haworthia (Aloaceae): perspectives ❚ Aquatic and wetland plants in Guinea-Bissau: an overview. L. from nectar sugar analysis. G.F. Smith, B-E. van Wyk, E.M.A. Steyn Catarino, M.C. Duarte & M.A. Diniz. Pages 197–208. & I. Breuer. Pages 391–398.

❚ Distribution of vascular epiphytes on quickset hedges in the Bafou ❚ Leaf and bract diversity in Gnidia (Thymelaeaceae): patterns and region (Cameroon). B. Sonké, L. Zapfack & C. Folefack. Pages 209– taxonomic value. A.J. Beaumont, T.J. Edwards & F.R. Smith. Pages 222. 399–418.

❚ A floristic study of weed species of Kampala (Uganda). M. ❚ Patterns of diversity among involucral bracts, inflorescences and Mosango, O. Maganyi & M. Namaganda. Pages 223–236. flowers in Gnidia (Thymelaeaceae). A.J. Beaumont, T.J. Edwards & F.R. Smith. Pages 419–432. ❚ Assessment of status of Herbaria and capabilities in taxonomy and systematics for natural resources inventory in sub-Saharan Africa. ❚ Further systematic studies in Berlinia (Leguminosae, C.S. Kabuye. Pages 237–246. Caesalpinioideae, Detarieae sensu lato). B. Mackinder. Pages 433– 442. ❚ SABONET: Developing capacity within southern Africa’s herbaria and botanical gardens. C.K. Willis & B.J. Huntley. Pages 247–258. ❚ Xyris (Xyridaceae) in Africa – a progress report. J.M. Lock. Pages 443–444. ❚ The Centro de Botânica of the IICT (Lisboa) and the co-operation with African countries. M.A. Diniz & E.S. Martins. Pages 259–264. ❚ Millettia sect. Efulgentes and sect. Opacae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae), an overview. A.C. Adomou & L.J.G. van der ❚ FTEA and after. H.J. Beentje & S.A.L. Smith. Pages 265–290. Maesen. Pages 445–447.

❚ Project Flora of Benin – a Flora and more. A. Akoegninou, 4. Family level systematics J. van der Burg & J. van der Maesen. Pages 291–292. ❚ Generic delimitation of Hyacinthaceae, with special emphasis on ❚ Flora Zambesiaca and its progress. G. Pope. Pages 293–294. sub-Saharan genera. B. Stedje. Pages 449–454.

❚ State of the botanical and floristic research in the Dja biosphere ❚ Reinstatement of the Afro-Malagasy genus Coptosperma reserve. A. Akoa & M. Mbolo. Pages 295–298. (Rubiaceae, Ixoroideae, Pavetteae). P. De Block, J. Degreef & E. Robbrecht. Pages 455–492. 2. Computerised floristic information for the African flora ❚ The occurrence of long, narrow corolla tubes in southern African ❚ A study – using WORLDMAP – of distributions of African savanna Lamiaceae. C.J. Potgieter & T.J. Edwards. Pages 493–502. plants. A-M. Bürger. Pages 301–312. ❚ Myxocarpy in the Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae) with notes on ❚ The potential distribution of species as extracted from the database myxodiaspory in general. O. Ryding. Pages 503–513.

112 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 5. Molecular approaches towards taxonomy of African plants ❚ Ethnobotany on the Internet. What are the prospects for the African Ethnobotany Network? C. Petit & E. Dounias. Pages 765–775. ❚ Tribal delimitation of Naucleeae (Cinchonoideae, Rubiaceae): inference from molecular and morphological data. S.G. 8. The lowland forest floras of Africa Razafimandimbison & B. Bremer. Pages 515–538. ❚ The catastrophic destruction of central African rain forests occur- ❚ Generic relationships and character evolution in Cyperus s.l. ring about 2500 years ago still exerts a major influence on the pre- (Cyperaceae). A. Muthama Muasya, D.A. Simpson & M.W. Chase. sent distribution of vegetation formations. J. Maley. Pages 777–798. Pages 539–544. ❚ Floristic diversity of two gallery forests in the Biosphere Reserve of ❚ Phylogenetic studies in Streptocarpus (Gesneriaceae): the Mare aux Hippopotames (Burkina Faso, West Africa). B.O. reconstruction of biogeographic history and distribution patterns. Mamounata. Pages 797–806. M. Möller & Q.C.B. Cronk. Pages 545–556. ❚ Study of the latitudinal gradients of the natural undergrowth of ❚ The taxonomic value of bacterial symbiont identification in African teak (Tectona grandis) plantations in south and central Benin. J.C. Psychotria (Rubiaceae). S. van Oevelen, E. Prinsen, R. de Wachter & Ganglo. Pages 807–816. E. Robbrecht. Pages 557–564. ❚ Woody plants recovery in abandoned farms of different ages in the 6. Orchid taxonomy and conservation Mount Cameroon region. N. Ndam & J. Healey. Pages 817–826.

❚ Orchidaceae diversity of São Tomé (São Tomé and Príncipe). T. ❚ Habitats and diversity of phytogeographical groups in the flora of Stévart & D. Geerinck. Pages 565–574. the Odzala National Park (Congo-Brazzaville). L.A. Kouka. Pages 827–836. ❚ Diversity of Upper Katanga epiphytes (mainly orchids) and distribution in different vegetation units. M. Schaijes & F. Malaisse. ❚ Diversity of trees in the Nsork rain forest (Equatorial Guinea). B. Pages 575–584. Senterre & N. Nguema. Pages 837–846.

❚ Symbiotic seed germination in twelve Kenyan orchid species. J. ❚ Phytogeographical analysis of Ngotto forest (Central African Ochora, W.D. Stock, H.P. Linder & L. Newton. Pages 585–596. Republic). O. Yongo & B. de Foucault. Pages 847–858.

❚ In vitro germination of several South African summer rainfall Disa ❚ A phytogeographical analysis of the forest flora of the Kasai Sector (Orchidaceae) species: is seed testa structure a function of habitat (Congo-Kinshasa). C.L. Ayingweu. Pages 859–871. and a determinant of germinability? D.I. Thompson, T.J. Edwards & J. van Staden. Pages 597–638. 9. Flora and phytogeography of miombo type woodlands and savannas 7. Plant utilization and its effect on biodiversity and conservation ❚ Life forms and species diversity of woodland associations in northern Benin. B. Sinsin. Pages 873–888. ❚ Considerations on the plant systematics and nomenclature used by the Malinké, Ivory Coast. G-A. Ambé & F. Malaisse. Pages 639– ❚ Phytogeographical analysis of the Monts Kouffé region in Benin. 660. M. Houinato & B. Sinsin. Pages 889–910.

❚ Endangerment of plants used against malaria in the Mintom ❚ First botanical diversity studies of inselbergs from continental subdivision south of the Dja biosphere reserve (Cameroon). J.L. Equatorial Guinea. I. Parmentier. Pages 911–922. Betti. Pages 661–678. ❚ Chipya in Kasanka National Park, Zambia: floristics, soils and ❚ Contribution to ethnobotanical and floristic studies of the Lossi dynamics. P.P. Smith & R. Fisher. Pages 923–934. forest (R.P. Congo): the edible plants harvested by picking. V. Kimpouni. Pages 679–686. ❚ Small-scale variations in species composition of miombo woodland in Sengwa, Zimbabwe: the influence of edaphic factors, ❚ A contribution to the study of native edible plants by the Turumbu fire and elephant herbivory. I. Mapaure. Pages 935–947. and Lokele of the Tshopo District, Province Orientale, D.R. Congo. I.B. Liengola. Pages 687–698. 10. The montane floras of Africa

❚ Habitat, conservation, and use of Gilletiodendron glandulosum ❚ What do we really know about the Afromontane Archipelago? (Fabaceae, Caesalpinoideae) in southwestern Mali. C.S. Duvall. J.M. Grimshaw. Pages 949–958. Pages 699–738. ❚ Succession and regeneration patterns of East African mountain ❚ Domestication of Gnetum africanum and G. buchholzianum forests: A review. R.W. Bussmann. Pages 959–974. (Gnetaceae), over-exploited wild forest vegetables of the Central Af- rican Region N. Ndam, J.-P. Nkefor & P. Blackmore. Pages 739–746. ❚ The Simen Mountains (Ethiopia): comments on plant biodiversity, endemism, phytogeographical affinities and historical aspects. C. ❚ Traditional utilisation of Garcinia lucida and Garcinia kola Puff & S. Nemomissa. Pages 975–992. (Clusiaceae) in Cameroon. N.M. Guedje & R. Fankap. Pages 747–758. ❚ Developing a greater understanding of the flora of the Nyika C.K. ❚ AFlora: A database of traditional plant use in tropical Africa. M. Willis, J.E. Burrows, L. Fish, P.S.M. Phiri, A.C. Chikuni & J. Golding. Ichikawa, D. Kimura & H. Terashima. Pages 759–764. Pages 993–1008.

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 113 ❚ Flora and vegetation of the natural forest of Nyungwe, Rwanda. ❚ The Mzimvubu River Botanical Expedition. E. van Jaarsveld, P. C.E.N. Ewango. Pages 1009–1016. Xaba, A.Harrower & G. Zwide. Pages 101–105.

❚ Plant diversity assessment on Mount Cameroon: surveys from ❚ Zantedeschia jucunda and Zantedeschis pentlendii. The beautiful 1990 to 2000. N. Ndam, J. Acworth, D. Kenfack, P. Tchouto & J.B. yellow arums from the Sekhukhuneland Centre of Floristic Hall. Pages 1017–1022. Endemism. C. Craib. Pages 106–109.

❚ Plant recovery on the 1922 and 1959 lava flows on Mount ❚ Sands of Time. A dune garden in the Harold Porter National Cameroon, Cameroon. N. Ndam, J. Healey, M. Cheek & P. Fraser. Botanical Garden, Betty’s Bay. J. Forrester. Pages 110–112. Pages 1023–1032. ❚ A sticky story. Why do some ericas have sticky flowers? J. Vlok & 11. Phytogeography A.L. Schutle-Vlok. Pages 113–115.

❚ Cape elements on high-altitude corridors and edaphic islands: ❚ War on weeds. K. Montgomery. Pages 116–117. historical aspects and preliminary phytogeography. C. Carbutt & T. Edwards. Pages 1034–1062. ❚ Every plant has its weevil. Intimate relationships between weevils and plants in the Baviaanskloof. S. Proches. Pages 118–120. ❚ The Lindi local centre of endemism in SE Tanzania. G.P. Clarke. Pages 1063–1072. ❚ Perusing a most unusual parasitic plant: Hydnora africana. T. Dold, M. Cocks & N. Sizane. Pages 12–14. ❚ Microrefugia, small scale ice age forest remnants. M.E. Leal. Pages 1073–1078. ❚ Chikanda: they eat orchids in Zambia. M. Bingham, G.M. Kokwe & J. Golding. Pages 15–17. ❚ Influence of environmental features in the phytogeographic framework of Guinea-Bissau. L. Catarino, E.S. Martins & I. Moreira. ❚ Plant with an appetite: sundews of the south. W. Voigt. Pages 18–20. Pages 1079–1086. ❚ Re-discovery of the antler-leafed crassula, Crassula alcicornis. P. ❚ The phytogeography of the rain forests of Equatorial Guinea, with Desmet & M. Opel. Page 21. special emphasis on the Nsork rain forest. B. Senterre. Pages 1087– 1096. ❚ Oxalis: weed or treasure. J. Holmes. Pages 26–27.

❚ The phytogeography and flora of western Cameroon and the ❚ Protea asymmetrica: what defines this unusual winter-flowering Cross River-Sanaga River interval. M. Cheek, B. Mackinder, G. Zimbabwean endemic? D. Plowes & A. Moore. Pages 28–29. Gosline, J-M. Onana & G. Achoundong: Pages 1097–1100. ❚ The plight of the once abundant but now declining Gerbera ❚ Diversity, phytogeographical affinities and possible origins of the aurantiaca. I. Johnson. Page 31. flora of Mayotte (Comoro Archipelago). O. Pascal, J-N. Labat, M. Pignal & O. Soumillec. Pages 1101–1124. ❚ Seed dispersal and banking in Renosterveld. N. Shiponeni. Pages 32–33. ❚ Patterns of African vascular plant diversity – a GIS based analysis. J. Mutke, G. Kier, G. Braun, C. Schulz & W. Barthlott. Pages 1125– ❚ The fynbos Garden of Eden. S. Privett. Pages 50–52. 1145. ❚ What is SABONET? S.J. Siebert & C.K. Willis. Pages 53–55. Taxon 52(1) (2003) ❚ Maputaland’s Licuati Forest and Thicket. S. Izidine, S.J. Siebert & ❚ Driving the E-type initiative as the ALL Species Project picks up A.E. van Wyk. Pages 56–61. speed. G.F. Smith. Pages 99–100. ❚ Cyphia: often seen, but little known. C.N. Cupido & F. Conrad. ❚ How many species of seed plants are there? R.W. Scotland & A.H. Pages 62–63. Wortley. Pages 101–104. ❚ Eulophia welwitschii: a safe haven for a rare orchid. A.M. Brynard. Veld & Flora 89(1,2,3) (2003) Pages 68–69.

❚ Positive news for Bushmanland. M. Anderson. Pages 93–95. ❚ Poor little rich flora? A.V. Milewski. Pages 72–73.

❚ The extraordinary floral riches of Pondoland. Working towards a — Yolande Steenkamp, Tammy Smith & Stefan Siebert ‘Pondo park’. M. Nel. Pages 96–99. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

114 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 clever constructions that imitate natural The Community Outside the News from conditions. By creating these conditions, Garden plants such as succulents and ferns thrive. Botswana This is an effective way to conserve plants The community outside the garden is not and to educate people about their impor- excluded from the resources Kirstenbosch Internship: Botswana comes to tance. has to offer. Outreach Greening pro- Kirstenbosch, Cape Town grammes focus on the planting of indig- Plant interpretation and labelling is the enous gardens at schools, situated in his- irstenbosch Botanical Garden was my most important link to the public and forms torically disadvantaged communities. NBI Kdestination of choice for two reasons. an important part of botanical garden man- staff offer their skills and knowledge to as- Firstly, it is one of the best developed and agement. It is the medium through which sist in this process. These gardens serve as largest gardens in southern Africa provid- active, fun-filled learning is encouraged. a means to introduce pupils to their herit- ing the ideal opportunity to develop an in- The writing on the labels should be short, age and to the concept of a botanical gar- sight into the management of living plant informative, and easy to read. I was par- den. These gardens also conserve indig- collections in developed gardens and to gain ticularly interested in the different types of enous plants. an understanding of the role of community labels and the advantages and disadvan- gardens and their influence, particular on tages associated with using certain media Recommendation school groups. Secondly, under the auspices for signage. It is recommended, for exam- of the SABONET project, Kirstenbosch works ple, that only a certain metal label should Internships, an activity initiated by the in close collaboration with the Botswana Na- be used for plants in the garden, as it is SABONET project, should form an essen- tional Botanical Garden. longer lasting. tial part of Botanical Garden management internationally. Through internships, cru- Activities and Highlights Recording plant information is a daunting cial knowledge is gained, serving to im- task. Computerisation makes this critically prove Botanic Garden practice in the culti- The interaction with the garden staff re- important function attainable. Two mem- vation and conservation of indigenous sponsible for the different sections of the bers of staff showed me how data are cap- plants. It could be the vehicle for learning Garden was informative and educational tured on computer. and teaching, and a means to strengthen and some highlights included: ties with other gardens through insight Visits to other Gardens gained, ultimately resulting in a growing The library is a rich source of easily accessi- network of gardens. ble information, which, apart from books, in- There was a chance to visit other gardens, cludes collections of slides and videocassettes. such as the Karoo Desert National Botanical Conclusion Garden and Harold Porter National Botani- In the nursery, seedlings, grown from seed cal Garden in Betty’s Bay. The most impor- The trip was very successful, offering valu- collected on different collecting trips to se- tant insight gained from these visits was that able learning experiences that have enabled lected areas, are housed. Amongst these although each garden is different and has dif- me to make a worthwhile contribution to are seedlings of threatened species, their ferent needs and functions, especially when our botanic garden. I was well received and very presence an example of the commit- compared to the Botswana National Botani- enjoyed the interaction with the staff. The ment to conservation. cal Garden all gardens have the same main activities were well planned and educa- focus: the successful ex situ cultivation and tional. I learned a lot about Botanic Garden The glasshouses and conservatories are conservation of plants. management, focussing on Living Plant

From left to right: Petalidium bracteatum, a Namibian species; Internees discussing the propagation of bulbs; Inspecting the huge compost heap at Kirstenbosch NBG.

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 115 From left to right: Trevor Adams explaining the misting system; Ernst van Jaarsveld with Tobias Angla and Steve Carr; Deon Viljoen demonstrating propagation techniques.

Collections. The insight gained into the garden’s community involvement, focussing on growing gardens in schools, was invaluable.

A special thank you to Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for sponsoring this initiative. My appreciation to the SABONET Regional Office for implement- ing this programme and the Botswana Government (National Museum) for permission to visit Kirstenbosch. I am grateful to the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden for hosting me, and for the training I received. It was a pleasure to visit the Karoo Desert Botanical Garden and Harold Porter Botanical Garden—thank you for the keen interest shown in my visits there.

—Diphetogo Menyatso Some of the wonderful and weird cacti on display at Sheilam Nursery. National Botanical Garden Botswana [email protected]

News from as their keen interest in training me, made In the Pretoria Garden the nurseries have me feel appreciated. been well constructed and many have facilities for mist propagation. The various Malawi My objectives for this period centred collections, for example aloes, lithops and Botanic Garden Internship at around the development of the following stapelia, are kept separate. The different Pretoria areas of interest: people responsible for each collection have • Nursery Work and Management thorough training and the knowledge to had a rare and most exciting opportu- • General Botanical Garden Management maintain that specific group of plants. A Inity to visit the Pretoria National Botani- • Documenting the Living Collections maintenance plan, developed by the horti- cal Garden from 17-28 March 2003 on a Bo- • Environmental Interpretation culturist, is used as a basis for weekly and tanical Internship. Karin Behr, Curator of monthly reports written by the nursery the Pretoria National Botanical Garden and Nursery Work and personnel, containing details of work done Stefan Siebert, Regional Co-ordinator of Management for a specific period. The horticulturist gives SABONET, facilitated my visit and stay at feedback on these and on individual per- the NBI. I worked closely with and ben- I worked with Thompson Mutsinyalo, the formance each month. I noted that because efited from the untiring efforts of horticulturist responsible for plant propa- of hard work, co-operation and a keen in- Thompson Mutsinyalo, Nick Klapwijk and gation and nursery management. I ob- terest to learn new skills, the nursery is able Francinah Mphaka. I also made outside vis- served that they target those species in the to reach its targets. its to other institutions to see and learn what collection area that are not in the garden they were doing. and nursery. The aim of the propagation of Environmental Interpretation indigenous plant species is to enrich the Arriving at the Pretoria National Botanical Botanic Garden. Each plant collected and Pitta Joffe defines Interpretation as a form Garden, I was gripped by what I saw: “An propagated is labelled with an accession of communication with visitors in the Gar- African Savanna in the heart of Tshwane” number, the place where it was collected and den. The main aim of interpretation in the and felt right at home! The enthusiasm of the date on which it was collected. This infor- Botanic Garden is usually to get people the people I came into contact with, as well mation is important to keep proper records. excited about plants and to make them re-

116 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 alise how important plants, and therefore develop an understanding of, and insight Cate Mthembi is the marketing officer who their sustainable use, are. She emphasises into the tremendous amount of creative is responsible for advertising the activities that signs should always have funny and thought and work that go into landscap- in the garden. She is also responsible for catchy themes that tell a story, as people ing and garden layout. I observed vari- accessing funding to support the market- usually remember themes, not facts. ous pathway and flowerbed designs and ing functions in the garden from various Storyboards should always some special areas like the Medicinal, stakeholders. This seems to have paid off, • Be short and simple. Succulent, and Euphorbia gardens, as if one is to look at how well the community • Attract attention—give them catchy and well as the Dassie Trail. I was made aware, supports the Garden activities. Through the amusing titles. and loved the art of massing up and col- involvement of the community, funds are • Entertain and make learning fun—use our mixing ground covers with indig- generated and used towards the develop- informative text and illustrations. enous flowers, as this makes the garden ment of the Garden. • Be active not passive – use powerful, attractive. active verbs in your text. Outside Visits • Be brief—a maximum of 70 words. Environmental Education • Use short sentences. Karin Behr and Francinah Mphaka ar- • Have simple straightforward text. The Environmental Education Centre at the ranged a visit to the Safari Nursery Com- • Have titles that tell a story. Pretoria Botanical Garden offers a wide plex and the Union Buildings in Pretoria to • Be positioned and sized correctly for range of activities and resources for edu- demonstrate what they were doing in the your audience. cators and learners. Resources of the NBI areas of plant propagation and landscap- • Address non-botanists—no unfamiliar inspire and enable people to take respon- ing. This was very educational. language or technical terms. sibility for their environment. I learnt from • Use simple and clearly defined termi- Cyprian Mathaba and Eugenie Novellie, I acquired a lot of information during my nology if necessary. both education officers, that the Education Botanical Garden Internship. There was • Be bold, clear, and attractive. Centre assists people who wish to develop something new to learn every day. I will • Ensure that existing signs, displays, and learning programmes with an environmen- implement the knowledge that I gained to storyboards are clean, neat, and up-to-date. tal focus. These are developed in line with the benefit of our botanical garden. the National Curriculum. Doing visitor surveys and observing re- I am grateful that I was afforded the opportunity sponses is a good way to evaluate your The Centre has a hall that can be used for to visit the Pretoria National Botanical Garden work. Learning from this process and meetings and a resource centre for envi- as an Intern. On behalf of the National changing your approach to suit the inter- ronmental education information for teach- Herbarium and Botanic Gardens (NHBG) of pretive situation will result in a more mean- ers and learners. A guided visit costs R10 Malawi, I thank Karin Behr, Curator of the ingful experience for the visitor. per learner, while teachers assisting have Pretoria National Botanical Garden, and Stefan free entry. Siebert, SABONET Co-ordinator, for facilitating Living Collection my stay during the Internship. I thank all Documentation Botanical Garden members of staff for looking after me and for Management/Marketing their enthusiasm in teaching me. I also thank the Plant recorder Collet Solomons showed me SABONET Secretariat in Pretoria for providing how she records information from plant The curator, Karin Behr, emphasised that the funding for the visit. Finally, I thank the collection books on a computer. Plant spe- as a leader you must have a vision and NHBG of Malawi for releasing me for the cies at the nursery and in the garden, in- goals. It is also important to behave in a visit. cluding dead and missing specimens, are straightforward manner and to display also computerised. Various sections of the trust in others. I noted that being assertive —Austin Enock Chikumba garden can be viewed on computer, using and pursuing goals vigorously, while be- Zomba National Botanic Garden slides and pictures. ing able to accept different opinions and Malawi viewpoints; developing new ideas and ap- Garden Layout and plying innovative approaches; seizing op- Landscaping portunities and taking responsibility without hesitation; as well as working long and Nick Klapwijk and Francinah Mphaka hard to achieve results are essential princi- showed me around the Garden in order to ples in management.

From left to right: Donald Mpalika and Ludo Matenge in the Pretoria National Botanical Garden during a SABONET database course in November 2002. (Photo: Shaibu Kananji); Maxwell and Alice examining monocot specimens in the herbarium. (Photo: Alpheus Mothapo); Maxwell and Lyn identifying a grass specimen. (Photo: Alpheus Mothapo).

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 117 At first, our collecting prospects seemed News from very bleak as hardly any rain had fallen in this area. The ground looked barren. This Namibia feeling of hopelessness changed radically when we stopped to take some photo- Roughing it in the Kaokoveld! graphs of flowering Adenium boehmianum specimens next to the road and spotted many he National Herbarium of Namibia different herbs! Now our collecting endeav- T(WIND), in collaboration with the Tree ours could take off properly, with plant presses Atlas Project (TAP), organised a field trip to carried up and down mountains to press the north-western region of Namibia from those delicate specimens immediately before 3–14 March 2003. This area is known as the they have a chance to wilt. Every now and Kaokoveld, and lies in the Kunene Region. then you would hear: “Hey! Look what I Its vegetation comprises mainly of mopane found—this is one of my babies”, and so the savanna. Collecting was done over 17 quar- excitement continued. Being new at the her- ter degree squares, with a total distance of barium and on my first field trip, these com- 2,325 km covered by each vehicle. ments sounded rather strange.

Together, the five of us, that is, Barbara As the Kaokoveld is mostly communal farm Curtis (TAP), Luise Hoffmann (TAP), Silke land, there are many two-track paths that Rügheimer (WIND), Esmerielda Klaassen we followed to do our collecting. We also Euphorbia (WIND), and I, Sonja Schubert (WIND), collected on mountains, often known to collected approximately 1,063 specimens, harbour greater species diversity than the dry, making herb collecting quite difficult. recorded 850 TAP observations and col- plains or lower lying areas. Fortunately We concentrated on collecting in the Ze- lected about 20 live plants for the National Luise speaks a little of the local language. bra Mountains and their surrounding ar- Botanic Garden. However broken, her command of eas and saw many specimens of Euphorbia Otjiherero often helped us to locate guides eduardoi. This species is endemic to the Kaokoveld is a semi-desert to very arid re- who could assist in finding the places we were area, and is cited in the Red Data List of gion, consisting of a variety of landscapes, targeting for collecting purposes. At the Etoto Namibia. ranging from areas with deep sand to areas Hills, some of the local people were interested that are very hilly, rocky and rough. Travel- in our activities, and when Luise explained the The further west we travelled, the drier it ling there is extremely tough on vehicles. Our purpose of our presence there, they brought became. Every herb that dared to emerge entire field trip had been planned in the com- her all types of plant specimens and taught was pressed. We travelled all the way up to munal areas, meaning that we would see no her the Otjiherero names for these. This was the northern border of Namibia, and tried people, cars or get into a town for many con- very useful. our luck collecting along the perennial secutive days. As vehicles can break down Kunene River, but as the River had come quite easily and garages are virtually non-ex- Five days were spent in the area south and down in flood, the tracks had either washed istent, it is important to use at least two vehi- slightly south-west of Ruacana. Rainfall had away or were underwater. We started re- cles on a trip when travelling in this area. been quite good in this area and collecting moving parts of a huge Combretum Owing to a shortage of space, we used three went well. On the Etoto Hills, Essie and I imberbe that had washed over a little de- 4 X 4 vehicles, one of which was a SABONET collected about 65 different herb species on tour we were trying to build, but cut it short vehicle, the second a vehicle hired by the southern slope of the mountain. Such at the thought of the flow of the river that SABONET, and the third, a private vehicle good collecting filled half of our presses within at times rise up to and over 2 metres within used by the Tree Atlas Team, a little Suzuki five days—we brought 25 presses along! a few hours. It all depends on the amount with a big “heart”. We mainly targeted of water released through the sluices at the undercollected grids as determined from the Travelling further west, we entered the Ruacana Hydroelectric Scheme. What if the Specimen Database at WIND. more semi-arid region. This area was very river came down in flood while we were

From left to right: Having a break at the spectacular Ruacana Falls. From left to right: Silke, Essie (Kleintjie), Barbara and myself. Luise is the specialist photographer; Luise pressing plant specimens.

118 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 when it looked as if we would have to travel A Lifesaving Tip for a on enthusiasm as a substitute for petrol. The “Successful” Field Trip pipe leading from the spare petrol tank to the main tank of the hired vehicle had a At the end of a hard day’s work, there is serious leak. Never without a plan, we nothing more enjoyable than a cold beer. mixed finely cut pieces of sunlight soap It relieves the frustration of the chores, such with water to form a mush pulp that was as changing blotters and making notes that put on the broken section of the pipe. This need to be taken care of in the evenings. lasted till we reached Ruacana. Ruacana, not Luise’s recipe to keep a beer cold is as fol- surprisingly, does not have a mechanic work- lows: Take a sock; soak it in water; put the shop, but the owner of the petrol station or- beer bottle into the sock; hang the sock in ganised a 2 m long water hose, which we used a tree where there is enough wind circula- to make the repair. Essie and I were drenched tion for half an hour; take the sock down; with petrol in the process—our improvisation open the beer and enjoy! lasted until the end of the trip. Barbara re- warded us with a six pack of ice cold beer for (Thanks TAP for providing the beer incentive our hard, messy work. for the evenings.) We would also like to thank SABONET for sponsoring the hired vehicle. Back at home, the “fun” part of the field trip, This increased our capacity to take enough namely identifying all collected plants, lay presses along to make the trip really The Zebra Mountain area. ahead. Not all specimens have been identi- worthwhile. Thanks also to the Anglo fied yet, but two of the specimens caused a American Camp for the generous use of their busy building roads? We thought it wiser lot of excitement in the institute: a new most welcome facilities in the Zebra Moun- to get out of the area! record was identified by Silke from her col- tains for two nights. lection (Stapelia leenderitziae N.E.Br.), and Of course, every field trip has its unex- Essie collected a rare specimen—only the —Sonja Schubert pected mishaps as well. On the second day second record for Namibia (Rhinacanthus we thought things had turned for the worst kaokoensis K.Balkwill & S.Williamson).

Pursuing Plants in the Khomas We also found Pterodiscus aurantiacus, a neither young A. viridiflora plants nor any Hochland, Central Namibia small caudiciform plant, and lifted two. seeds. Reports from farmers in the area sug- gest that young A. viridiflora plants are rare, e started out on a field trip on 11 Damp soil eased the task of lifting as the baboons remove the inflorescences WFebruary 2003 that took us to Euphorbia gariepina subsp. gariepina and before the seeds have time to disperse. Nauchas, the Spreegtshoogte, and the reduced damage to the root system in the Gamsberg. The cloudy skies kept us cool process. Tobias showed some mastery with We reached our destination, grapevines and calm. As we drove from Windhoek up the crowbar, while Silke cursed the GPS laiden with sweet, ripe, black grapes wait- into the Khomas Hochland, it was hard to and relentlessly filled in data collection ing as if ordered – a delicious entré to the imagine that only a few weeks before it had forms. When lunchtime came, we sought main course of venison. The busy day called been dry and blisteringly hot—the Janu- the shelter of a tree next to the road. With for an early night. ary rains refusing to fall, with record high no time to waste, we soon took to the road temperatures the order of the day. Now again and it was then that I became aware On Wednesday morning we worked our everywhere was green. of something burrowing into my neck. It way down the Spreegtshoogte Pass. Here was a tick! To my horror I noticed more, we targeted Euphorbia guerichiana, taking It was a Tuesday morning when Silke crawling up my legs and shirt. Time stood cuttings and lifting young Euphorbia Bartsch, Tobias Angula and I set out in the still as I furiously plucked them off. guerichiana plants. About 30 truncheon SABONET vehicle with our spades, seca- Strangely, my companions were tick-free… cuttings of E. guerichiana were taken to teurs, crowbars, boxes and enthusiasm to create a “forest” in the National Botanic collect a range of plants for the National With the afternoon stretching out before Garden. We were also hoping to lift some Botanic Garden in Windhoek. We aimed to us and the drizzle keeping us in good spir- Sarcocaulon salmoniflorum, but had to set- collect cuttings of Euphorbia guerichiana its, we stopped to lift Ebracteola montis- tle for only one plant in the end. The very and Commiphora sp., as well as some live moltkei, Sarcocaulon marlothii, Anacamp- steep, rocky terrain did not allow for the plants. With Silke at the wheel, we made seros albissima and a Stapelia flavapurpurea removal of the plants with sufficient roots steady progress west out of Windhoek and (that almost escaped our attention under a intact. As we progressed down the pass, then south towards the Namibgrens Guest- thick bush). we saw Commiphora, Hoodia and Moringa. house. We stopped regularly as we mar- It was obvious that the season’s rain had velled at the difference in the roadside Shortly before reaching our destination for not yet been down the pass into the lower plants, as compared to when we had trav- the night, we stopped to explore an inter- Namib and it was dry and hot. After lunch, elled here with Ian Oliver, curator of the esting granite koppie alongside the road. enjoyed under a Boscia albitrunca, we set Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden, The rock hyrax (dassie) watched our every off on the circular route for the Gamsberg. before the rains. We stopped at the two movement. The koppie turned out to be a We stopped near some white quartz plains, known locations for Euphorbia place of great interest with a number of hoping for an interesting find. I searched pseudoduseimata, looking for seeds. Al- large Aloe viridiflora and Cyphostemma in vain, while my colleagues, who chose to though there were no seeds, we were de- bainesii growing on the slopes. We lifted climb a nearby mountain ridge, were ex- lighted to find another small population! two C. bainsii. We were disappointed to find cited to find a Commiphora saxicola. We

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 119 took a single truncheon cutting, not want- Thursday found us working our way down caulon marlothii, S. salmoniflorum, ing to spoil the aesthetic appeal of the only the pass again, stopping to take cuttings of Cyphostemma bainsii, Boophane disticha, plant near the road. the Euphorbia, Sterculia and the two com- Pterodiscus aurantiacus, Anacampseros mon Commiphora species in the area. A few albissima, Commiphora dinteri, C. Soon we arrived at the Goub River Can- Myrothamnus flabellifolius and ferns were glaucescens, C. pyracanthoides, C. yon, a tributary of the Kuiseb River. The heat also lifted. Later that afternoon we took a glandulosa, C. tenuipetiolata, C. saxicola, and humidity were stifling, and while the shal- walk on the farm (not to collect but to ob- Sterculia africana, Myrothamnus low, muddy flow ruled out any prospect of a serve) and were surprised at the abundance flabellifolius and a fern. refreshing swim, Tobias showed the way by of Cyphostemma bainesii. They seemed to splashing his arms and face. As we travelled pop up behind every rock and in every Should the various cuttings be successfully east towards the Gamsberg, the vegetation crevice. rooted and later planted out into the Na- changed, with tree species becoming more tional Botanic Garden as planned, they will evident. Leaving the brown dryness of the On Friday morning, we headed back to represent an attractive area of great inter- desert behind us, we climbed the steep Windhoek, having successfully collected all est to the public. Gamsberg Pass and were surrounded by the plant material we set out to, other than Commiphora, Euphorbia, Sterculia and Euphorbia spartaria, which we lifted closer Our thanks to SABONET for funding the Moringa tree species. After winding our way to Windhoek. This last target accomplished, trip! to the very top of the pass and along the farm we returned from a very rewarding, beau- road, we arrived at Hakos Guest Farm, situ- tiful trip! Into the back of the Toyota went —Steve Carr ated between the Gamsberg Mountain and E. lignosa, E. guerichiana, E. gariepina SABONET Horticulturist the Hakos Mountains, with its endless view subsp. gariepina, Ebracteola montis- of the mountainous Khomas Hochland. moltkei, Stapelia flavopurpurea, Sarco-

found it.” One of the main reasons for the Gibbaria scabra are in fact the same spe- News from uncertainty has been flower colour, as it was cies. Botanists have been tricked all along: never described originally. The colour of the we have known the taxon, but under a dif- South Africa florets was stated by Bentham to be orange- ferent name! What remained was to estab- yellow, but Burtt and Anderberg thought that lish the correct name and to publish the Burchell’s Tracks Retraced in the florets might be white and pink. The taxonomic treatment for the genus—a story Search of Oxylaena leaves, as illustrated in Hooker’s Icones for another day. Plantarum (1876), are exceptionally long and n March 2003, we set out on a collecting the cypselas are immature, making positive We thank SABONET for sponsoring this Itrip in search of a species thought to be ex- identification in this case difficult. trip. Thank you also to Katot and Ilse Meyer tinct. The trip started in the Uniondale area for their hospitality in providing accommo- and was prompted by the opening of the After doing all the groundwork, we were posi- dation and sharing their enthusiasm and Burchell 4 x 4 trail on Pietersrivier, a farm near tive that we knew what the plant looked like knowledge generously, and to Mr Jan Vlok the Prince Alfred’s Pass, owned by Katot and we had a good idea where to find it. Even for sharing his expertise. While we are Meyer. A section of ox wagon tracks used by then, it was not easy, as we had to search long pleased that the mystery has been resolved, Burchell was revealed after a fire and now and hard, putting the SABONET 4x4 to the we are sad that the excitement and the ca- leads to adventures for many modern-day test in an effort to find a plant resembling our maraderie of the search are over! explorers. Since Burchell first collected the “search-image.” Our excitement was great species in 1814, it has not been re-collected. when we found a small, compact, yellow- For accommodation in Oudtshoorn and flowered plant with all the characteristics we information on the Burchell trail (or other ex- A trip like this requires careful planning well were searching for. It was a grey, misty day in citing places around Oudtshoorn), contact: ahead of the departure date. We did our the Western Cape mountains. We were cold, Katot & Ilse Meyer homework well, researching all available lit- but satisfied and decided to head for 192 Van Riebeeck Road erature, analysing the descriptions, illustra- Oudtshoorn, very proud of our find and ready Oudtshoorn, 6620 tions, old maps and journals. One of our ref- to process the collections of the day. Tel.: (044) 272 5114 erences included a photocopy of the type [email protected]. specimen that is housed at Kew. Of great im- A visit to Mr Jan Vlok that evening burst our portance was to visit the region at the same bubble. “No, this is not Oxylaena. It is Gibbaria BENTHAM, G. 1876. Anaglypha acicularis. In time of the year as Burchell did and to get as scabra.” What a disappointment! It was hard Hooker’s Icones Plantarum II: 9, Pl. 1109. close as possible to the original locality, which, to believe, as there was nothing else flower- FOURCADE, H.G. 1944. Notes on Burchell’s in this case, was precise: “Knysna Division, ing in the area that even vaguely resembled Catalogus Geographicus, middle portion. between Cloete’s kraal and Paardekraal.” This the taxon. This had to be it—surely there was The Journal of South African Botany 10: is near Uniondale on a minor road, west of another explanation? We were not going to 145–149. Prince Alfred’s Pass. Fourcade (1944), who give up that easily. GUNN, M. & CODD, L.E. 1981. Botanical was familiar with the area, transcribed exploration of southern Africa. Balkema, Burchell’s field notebook (“Catalogus Shortly afterwards, one of us (Marinda Cape Town. Geographicus Plantarum”) and provided com- Koekemoer) was fortunate to go on a trip to JOHNSTON, M. 2001. Burchell’s Oxwagon prehensive notes on this part of his travels. Geneva, sponsored by SABONET. An oppor- Route. South African 4x4, October 2001: 24– This is essential reading for anyone interested tunity presented itself to investigate the type 30. in Burchell or in collecting plants in the area. specimens when the NBI sponsored an extension of the trip to Kew. The most thrill- —Marinda Koekemoer & Hester Steyn Oxylaena has been an enigma for many years. ing moment of this trip was when we es- National Botanical Institute Many botanists searched for it but “never tablished that Oxylaena acicularis and Pretoria

120 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 Southern African Botanists’@ @ @ E-mail Addresses The following list includes the e-mail ad- Dr Moffat Setshogo: Medicinal plants: @ dresses of staff working in some of the na- [email protected]@ [email protected] tional/university herbaria, botany depart- National Botanic Gardens of Malawi ments, botanical gardens, and biodiversity Mr Mphamba Kumwenda: programmes of southern Africa. Thanks to LESOTHO [email protected] all those who have sent their e-mail addresses to the editors for inclusion in this Herbarium: National University of list. Lesotho (ROML) MOZAMBIQUE Mr Khotso Kobisi: PLEASE NOTE that this list gets updated [email protected] LMA Herbarium every issue of our newsletter. In order to Ms Annah Moteetee: Mr Mario da Silva: avoid frustration and possible disappoint- [email protected] (currently studying [email protected] ment, our readers are advised to use the for a PhD at the Rand Afrikaans Ms Samira Izidine: most recent list available. Some of the ad- University) [email protected] OR dresses listed in previous editions of the Ms Puleng Matebesi: [email protected] newsletter may no longer be relevant. [email protected] Ms Marta Manjate: [email protected] OR SPECIAL APPEAL: Should you be aware Katse Botanical Garden [email protected] of any changes to one or more of the ad- Mr Tau Mahlelebe: dresses listed below, or would like to be [email protected] LMU Herbarium: Eduardo Mondlane added to the list, please notify Elsabé University Malan, at [email protected] so that National Environment Secretariat Mr Salomão Bandeira: the list can be updated on a regular basis. Mr Thulo Qhotsokoane: [email protected] [email protected] Ms Filomena Barbosa: [email protected] ANGOLA University Botanic Garden Mr Domingos Manguengue: Mr Moretloa Polaki: [email protected] Agostinho Neto University [email protected] Ms Carlota Quilambo: Dr Esperança Costa: [email protected] [email protected] OR [email protected] OR MALAWI Department of Biological Sciences: [email protected] Eduardo Mondlane University Dr Elissaveta Loutchanska: National Herbarium (MAL) and John Hatton: [email protected] Botanic Gardens [email protected] Ms Liz Matos: Prof. J.H. Seyani: [email protected] [email protected] (currently on leave Ms Sonia Pereira: of absence at the Commonwealth NAMIBIA [email protected] Secretariat, London) Dr Augustine Chikuni: National Botanical Research Institute [email protected] Ms Patricia Craven: BOTSWANA Mr Dickson Kamundi: [email protected] [email protected] Dr Gillian Maggs-Kölling: National Botanical Garden Mr Bintony Kutsaira: [email protected] Mr Diphetogo Menyatso: [email protected] General NBRI address: [email protected] Mr Zacharia Magombo: [email protected] Mr Nonofo Mosesane: [email protected] [email protected] Ms Cecilia Nyirenda (nee Maliwichi): National Herbarium (WIND) [email protected] Ms Esmerialda Klaassen: National Herbarium (GAB) Ms Elizabeth Mwafongo (nee Mayaka): [email protected] General address: [email protected] Ms Coleen Mannheimer: [email protected] Mr Montfort Mwanyambo: [email protected] [email protected] Peter Smith Herbarium (PSUB) Ms Gladys Msekandiana: National Botanic Garden Mr Bongani Sethebe: [email protected] Mr Tobias Angula: [email protected] Mr Jameston Kamwendo: [email protected] [email protected] University of Botswana Herbarium General NHBG address: Vegetation Survey (UCBG) [email protected] Mr Ben Strohbach: Mr Mbaki Muzila: [email protected] [email protected]

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 121 National Plant Genetic Resources Mr Ramagwai Sebola: Harold Porter National Botanical Centre [email protected] Garden Ms Herta Kolberg: Ms Toni Shaide (Curator): [email protected] Coastal & Environmental Services [email protected] Dr Ted Avis: Namibian Tree Atlas Project [email protected] Herbarium Soutpansbergensis Ms Barbara Curtis/Ms Coleen Mr Norbert Hahn: Mannheimer: Compton Herbarium (NBG) [email protected] [email protected] Ms Pascale Chesselet: [email protected] Hermanus Herbarium Polytechnic of Namibia Mr Christopher Cupido: Ms Priscilla Drewe: Mr Dave Joubert: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Peter Goldblatt: [email protected] Jonkershoek Herbarium Dr Hubert Kurzweil: Ms Melanie Simpson: SOUTH AFRICA [email protected] [email protected] Dr John Manning: ARC-Plant Protection Research [email protected] Karoo Desert National Botanical Institute Ms Fatima Parker: Garden Mr Alan Wood: [email protected] Mr Ian Oliver (Curator): [email protected] Dr Ted Oliver: [email protected] OR [email protected] [email protected] Bolus Herbarium (BOL): University Dr John Rourke: of Cape Town (includes Associated [email protected] Kimberley McGregor (KMG) Staff) Dr Koos Roux: Museum Herbarium Mrs Anne Bean: [email protected] Ms Tania Anderson (Curator): [email protected] Dr Dee Snijman: [email protected] Dr Peter Bruyns: [email protected] Ms Annemarie van Heerden: [email protected] [email protected] Dr Cornelia Klak: Donald Killick Herbarium, KwaZulu- [email protected] Natal Nature Conservation Service Kimberley South African National Prof. Anthony Hall: Mr Rob Scott-Shaw: Parks Herbarium (KSAN) [email protected] [email protected] Dr Hugo Bezuidenhout: Mr Steven Hammer: [email protected] [email protected] Durban Botanic Gardens Prof. Terry Hedderson: Mr Martin Clement: Kirstenbosch National Botanical [email protected] [email protected] Garden Mr Terry Trinder-Smith: Mr Christopher Dalzell (Curator): Mr Graham Duncan: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Tony Verboom: Mr Barry Lang: Mr Philip le Roux (Curator): [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Graham Williamson: Mr Ernst van Jaarsveld: [email protected] Eco Assessments [email protected] OR Bolus Library: General e-mails to Eco Assessments: [email protected] (home) [email protected] [email protected] Mark Custers: Kirstenbosch Research Centre Buffelskloof Private Nature Reserve [email protected] Dr Neville Brown: & Herbarium Christa Custers: [email protected] Mr John Burrows: [email protected] Mr J de Wet Bösenberg: [email protected] Donette Ross: [email protected] [email protected] Dr John Donaldson: Biotechnology & Environmental Hulisani Mukwevho: [email protected] Specialist Consultancy cc. [email protected] Mr Barney Kgope: Dr M R R Logie [email protected] [email protected] Free State National Botanical Garden Ms Boniswa Madikane: Mr Peter Gavhi (Curator): [email protected] C.E. Moss Herbarium (J): University [email protected] Dr Guy Midgley: of the Witwatersrand [email protected] Prof. Kevin Balkwill: When sending mail to a staff member at the Dr Charles Musil: [email protected] Free State National Botanical Garden, insert [email protected] Ms Glynis Cron: the name of the person in the subject line. Ms Ingrid Nänni: [email protected] [email protected] Mr Donald McCallum: Gauteng Nature Conservation Mr Les Powrie: [email protected] Ms Michele Pfab: [email protected] Mrs Reneé Reddy: [email protected] Dr Tony Rebelo: [email protected] [email protected]

122 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 Dr Mike Rutherford: Mr Trevor Arnold: NBI Libraries: [email protected] [email protected] Mary Gunn Library: Ms Antoinette Botha: [email protected] Lowveld National Botanical Garden [email protected] Librarian, Mary Gunn Library (Ms Estelle Mr Rudi Britz (Curator): Dr Christien Bredenkamp: Potgieter), National Herbarium: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Mr Johan Hurter: Ms Priscilla Burgoyne: Librarian, Kirstenbosch (Ms Yvonne [email protected] [email protected] Reynolds): Mr Willem Froneman: Ms Carole de Wet: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms Emsie du Plessis: National Museum Bloemfontein: When sending mail to a staff member at the [email protected] Dr Ziets Zietsman: Lowveld National Botanical Garden, insert Ms Lyn Fish: [email protected] the name of the person in the subject line. [email protected] Mr Gerrit Germishuizen: Peninsula Technikon: Department of Mpumalanga Parks Board: [email protected] Biological Sciences Lydenburg Dr Hugh Glen: Mr JC Coetzee: Ms Sonnette Krynauw: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms René Glen: Mr Mervyn Lotter: [email protected] Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African [email protected] Ms Janice Golding: Ornithology: Tierberg Karoo [email protected] Research Centre field station Natal Herbarium (NH) Mr Hans Heilgendorf: Dr Sue Milton: Ms Hassina Aboobaker: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms Lesley Henderson: Dr Neil Crouch: [email protected] Plant Genetic Resources Unit, [email protected] Mr Paul Herman: Agricultural Research Council Ms Zoleka Dimon: [email protected] Dr Roger Ellis: [email protected] Ms Marie Jordaan: [email protected] Mr Melusi Mazibuko: [email protected] [email protected] Dr Marinda Koekemoer (Curator): Potchefstroom University Ms Meeta Nathoo: [email protected] Dr Matt Buys: [email protected] Ms Louisa Liebenberg: [email protected] Mr Alfred Ngwenya: [email protected] Prof. Sarel Cilliers: [email protected] Mr Cuthbert Makgakga: [email protected] Ms Yashica Singh: [email protected] Prof. Braam Pieterse: [email protected] Ms Alice Masombuka: [email protected] Ms Rosemary Williams (Curator): [email protected] [email protected] Mr Jean Meyer: PRECIS [email protected] [email protected] Natal National Botanical Garden Ms Beverley Momberg: Mr Brian Tarr (Curator): [email protected] Pretoria National Botanical Garden [email protected] Dr Sarie Perold: Ms Karin Behr (Curator): Mr John Roff: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms Julie Ready: General: [email protected] [email protected] National Botanical Institute Ms Elizabeth Retief: Prof. Brian Huntley: [email protected] Qwa Qwa Herbarium: University of [email protected] (CEO) Mr Paulus Sebothoma: the Free State (Qwa Qwa Campus) Prof. Gideon Smith: [email protected] Prof. Rodney Moffett: [email protected] (Director: Ms Shirley Smithies: [email protected] Research & Scientific Services) [email protected] Mr Christopher Willis: Ms Hannelie Snyman: Qwa Qwa Herbarium: University of [email protected] (Director: [email protected] the Free State (Qwa Qwa Campus) Gardens & Horticultural Services) Ms Christina Steyn: Prof. Laco (Ladislav) Mucina: Dr Maureen Wolfson: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (Deputy- Dr Elsie Steyn: Director: [email protected] Rand Afrikaans University: Botany Research & Education) Dr Jacques van Rooy: Department [email protected] Dr Patricia Tilney: National Herbarium (PRE) Ms Helen van Rooyen: [email protected] Dr John Anderson: [email protected] Prof. Herman van der Bank: [email protected] Ms Janine Victor: [email protected] Ms Clare Archer: [email protected] Prof. Ben-Erik van Wyk: [email protected] Ms Mienkie Welman: [email protected] Dr Robert Archer: [email protected] [email protected]

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 123 Range and Forage Institute, Technikon Pretoria Herbarium [email protected] Agricultural Research Council Cecilia de Ridder: Dr Paula Watt: Dr Kathy Immelman: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dawid du Plessis (Curator): [email protected] University of Natal-Durban: Electron Rhodes University: Botany Microscope Unit, George Campbell Department Umtamvuna Herbarium, Umtamvuna Building Dr Nigel Barker: Nature Reserve Mr James Wesley-Smith: [email protected] Mr Tony Abbott: [email protected] Prof. CEJ Botha: [email protected] [email protected] University of Natal- Prof. Roy Lubke: University of Cape Town: Botany Pietermaritzburg: School of Botany [email protected] Department & Zoology Dr Brad Ripley: Prof. John Bolton: Ms Angela Beaumont: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Prof. William Bond: Dr RP Beckett: Rondevlei Scientific Services [email protected] [email protected] Herbarium, Wilderness National Dr Jeremy Midgley: Mr Clinton Carbutt: Park, Sedgefield [email protected] [email protected] Dr Nick Hanekom: Prof. Willie Stock: Dr TJ Edwards: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Ian Russell: Ms CW Fennell: [email protected] University of Cape Town: [email protected] Ms Beate Sachse: Department of Cell and Molecular Dr JF Finnie: [email protected] Biology [email protected] Prof. Jill Farrant: Dr JE Granger: Saasveld Herbarium (SAAS): Port [email protected] [email protected] Elizabeth Technikon Dr Brigitte Hamman: Prof. EF Hennessy: Mr Mike Cameron: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Steven D Johnson: Mr Peet Peens (Curator): University of Cape Town: Institute [email protected] [email protected] for Plant Conservation Ms NP Makunga: Dr Dave Richardson: [email protected] H.G.W.J Schweickerdt Herbarium [email protected] Ms Christina Potgieter: (PRU): University of Pretoria [email protected] Prof. Braam van Wyk: University of Durban-Westville: Dr MT Smith: [email protected] Botany Department [email protected] Prof. Snowy Baijnath: Prof. Hannes van Staden: Scientific Services Herbarium, [email protected] [email protected] Department of Water Affairs and Prof. AD Barnabas: Forestry, Knysna [email protected] University of the North: Botany Mr Johan Baard (Curator): Prof. G Naidoo: Department [email protected] [email protected] Mr Martin Potgieter: Mr Rynhard Kok: Dr Ashley Nicholas: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Mr Pieter Winter: Mr Pravin Poorun: [email protected] Selmar Schonland Herbarium, [email protected] Grahamstown Dr Francois Smith: University of the Free State: Ms Estelle Brink: [email protected] Department of Botany and Genetics [email protected] Dr Andor Venter: Mr Tony Dold: University of Natal-Durban: [email protected] [email protected] Biological Sciences Department Prof. Johan Venter: Prof. Alan Amory: [email protected] Skukuza Herbarium (KNP), Kruger [email protected] Prof. RL Verhoeven: National Park Prof. Patricia Berjak: [email protected] Ms Guin Zambatis (Curator): [email protected] [email protected] Dr Glen Campbell: University of Port Elizabeth: Botany Mr Nick Zambatis: [email protected] Department [email protected] Prof. John Cooke: Dr JB Adams: [email protected] [email protected] Southern Cape Herbarium Mr Bruce Page: Prof. Guy C Bate: Yvette van Wijk: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] OR Prof. Norman Pammenter: Dr EE Campbell: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Mr Herbert Sibiya: Dr DR du Preez: [email protected] [email protected] Mr Dehn von Ahlefeldt: Mr PT Gama:

124 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 [email protected] todd_colleen/[email protected] Independent Mr Robert Tshivhandekano: Ms Linda Dobson: University of Pretoria: Botany robie/[email protected] [email protected] Department Prof. Pablo Weisser: Prof. George Bredenkamp: pablo/[email protected] [email protected] ZAMBIA Prof. Marion Meyer: University of the Western Cape: [email protected] Botany Department Forestry Herbarium (NDO) Ms Franci Siebert: Dr Derek Keats: Mrs EN Chupa: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Veldie van Greuning: Dr Richard Knight: Noah Zimba: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Gretel van Rooyen: Lincoln M Raitt: [email protected] [email protected] Herbarium (UZL): University of Mr Frans Weitz: Zambia University of Pretoria: Pharmacology [email protected] Ms Tasila Banda-Sakala Department (currently studying at the Arizona State Prof. JN Eloff: University of the Western Cape: University, Phoenix, USA): [email protected] Department of Biotechnology [email protected] OR Dr Gwen Koning: [email protected] OR University of Stellenbosch: Botany [email protected] [email protected] Department Mr David Chuba: Dr Charlie Boucher: University of the Witwatersrand: [email protected] OR [email protected] Department of Animal, Plant and [email protected] Dr Leanne Dreyer: Environmental Sciences Dr Patrick Phiri: [email protected] Prof. Ed Witkowski: [email protected] OR Dr Karen Esler: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Ms Lynn Hoffmann: University of Zululand: Department Munda Wanga Trust (Botanical [email protected] of Botany Garden) Dr Bettie Marais: Prof. Daan Ferreira: Mr Douglas Gibbs: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Valdon Smith: Ms Heleen de Wet: [email protected] [email protected] Independent Dr Piet Vorster: Dr Stefan Siebert: Mr Mike Bingham: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] University of Stellenbosch: Biochemistry Dr Alpheus Zobolo: Mr Ernest Gondwe: Department [email protected] [email protected] Mr Benny Bytebier: Ms Florence Nyirenda: [email protected] Witwatersrand National Botanical [email protected] Garden University of Stellenbosch: Botanic Ms Sharon Turner (Curator): Garden [email protected] ZIMBABWE Mr Piet van der Merwe: Mr Andrew Hankey: [email protected] [email protected] Bindura University of Science General WNBG address: Education University of the Transkei: Botany [email protected] Mr Alfred Maroyi: Department [email protected] Prof. R Bhat: Insert the name of the staff member you wish [email protected] to contact in the subject line. Biodiversity Foundation for Africa Dr Sizwe Cawe: Mr Jonathan Timberlake: [email protected] [email protected] RV Nikolova: SWAZILAND [email protected] Ewanrigg Botanic Garden National Herbarium (SDNH) Mr Onias Ndoro: University of North-West: Biological Mr Titus Dlamini (Curator): [email protected] Sciences Department [email protected] Mr David Phalatse: National Herbarium (SRGH) & [email protected] This address can also be used to contact Botanic Garden Gideon Dlamini and Bongani Dlamini at the Mr Ezekeil Kwembeya: University of Venda: Botany National Herbarium. Insert the name of the [email protected] Department person in the subject line. Mr Claid Mujaju: Mr Maanda Ligavha: [email protected] ligavham/[email protected] Department of Biological Sciences: Ms Nozipo Nobanda: Ms Colleen Todd: University of Swaziland [email protected] Dr Ara Monadjem: Mr Soul Shava: [email protected]

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 125 [email protected] AUSTRALIA Dr Brian Schrire: Ms Ratidzayi (Rattie) Takawira: [email protected] [email protected] (also Queensland Herbarium, Toowong, (Fabaceae, Rhamnaceae) available through SRGH address) Queensland Dr Kaj Vollesen: General SRGH address: Bryan Simon: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (w) OR (Acanthaceae: Blepharis, Duosperma) [email protected] (h) TEAM VUMBA: The Environmental (Tropical grasses) Independent Association for Management of Paul Forster: Mrs Nikaya Govender: Vumba’s Unique Mountain [email protected] (w) OR [email protected] Biodiversity Areas [email protected] (h) (Amaryllidaceae, Liliaceae, Dr Colin Saunders: (Asphodelaceae, Alooideae) Gentianaceae) [email protected]

University of Zimbabwe: Department ENGLAND FRANCE of Biological Sciences Dr Shakkie Kativu: IUCN: World Conservation Union Muséum National d’Histoire [email protected] Craig Hilton-Taylor: Naturelle, Paris Dr Clemence Zimudzi: [email protected] Mr Peter Phillipson: [email protected] [email protected] National History Museum, London University of Zimbabwe: Institute of George Lawson: Environmental Studies [email protected] GERMANY Prof. Peter GH Frost: (Algae) [email protected] Brian O’Shea: Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena [email protected] Dr Norbert Zimmermann: Vumba Botanic Garden (Bryophytes) [email protected] Mr John Mapanga: (Euphorbiaceae, [email protected] Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Mesembryanthemaceae) Diane Bridson: Independent [email protected] Hamburg University: Botanical Mr Mark Hyde: (Rubiaceae, Vahliaceae) Institute & Garden [email protected] Dr Dick Brummitt: Prof. Dr HEK Hartmann: Mr Michael Kimberley: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr Thomas Cope: (Aizoaceae, Mesembryanthema) Ms Meg Coates Palgrave: [email protected] Dr Pia Parolin: [email protected] (Poaceae) [email protected] Mr Darrel CH Plowes: Dr Phillip Cribb: (desert ecology, ecophysiology) [email protected] [email protected] Dr Joachim Thiede: Mr Rob M Plowes: (Orchidaceae) [email protected] [email protected] Dr David Goyder: (Aizoaceae, Crassulaceae) Dr Fay Robertson: [email protected] [email protected] (Asclepiadaceae, Fabaceae) University of Bayreuth Ms Cathy Sharp: Ms Yvette Harvey: Prof. Sigrid Liede: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] (Capparaceae, Lamiaceae, Sapotaceae) (Asclepiadaceae, Botanists Working on Dr Michael Lock: Mesembryanthemaceae) Southern African Plant [email protected] Dr Ulrich Meve: Taxa (Fabaceae, Xyridaceae, Zingiberaceae) [email protected] Dr Alan Paton: (Asclepiadaceae) This section lists e-mail addresses of a few [email protected] of the botanists living outside southern Af- (Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae) rica that are working with southern Afri- Dr Sylvia Phillips: NETHERLANDS can plant taxa. If you would like to be in- [email protected] cluded in this list, please notify one of the (Eriocaulaceae, Poaceae) Department of Plant Sciences, editors together with the names of the fami- Dr Gerald Pope: Wageningen University lies/taxa you are working on. [email protected] Ir Ben Groen: (Asteraceae) [email protected] (Asphodelaceae, Mesembryanthemaceae) @ @ @ 126 @ SABONET News Vol. 8 No. @2 January 2004 Mr J.Folkert Aleva: SWEDEN Bishop Museum (Department of [email protected] Natural Sciences): Hawaii Prof. Dr LJG van der Maesen: Swedish Museum of Natural History Dr George Staples: [email protected] Dr Mari Kallersjo: [email protected] (Fabaceae, Mesembryanthemaceae) [email protected] (Convolvulaceae) Dr Ir Jan Wieringa: (Asteraceae, Myrsinaceae, Herbarium Vadense (WAG) Primulaceae) Iowa State University: Department of [email protected] Prof. Bertil Nordenstam: Botany (Ada Hayden Herbarium) (Fabaceae, Aphanocalyx, Bikinia, [email protected] Prof. Robert Wallace: Icuria, Monopetalanthus and (Compositae, especially Senecioneae [email protected] Tetraberlinia) and Calenduleae, Syncarpha, (Molecular systematics and phylogeny Colchicaceae: Anticharis) of Aizoaceae s.l., Aloaceae/ Asphodelaceae, Cactaceae, NEW ZEALAND Uppsala University Didiereaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Prof. Kåre Bremer: Phytolaccaceae, Portulacaceae) Victoria University, Wellington [email protected] Mr Fanie Venter: (Asteraceae) University of California: Jepson [email protected] Mr Mattias Iwarsson: Herbarium [email protected] Bruce Baldwin: (Lamiaceae, Leonotis) [email protected] NORWAY (Asteraceae: Blepharispermum, Welwitschiella) Agricultural University of Norway: SWITZERLAND Department of Biology and Nature University of Missouri-Columbia: Conservation Institute for Systematic Botany, Dunn-Palmer Herbarium (UMO) Prof. Kåre Lye: University of Zürich Dr Leszek Vincent: [email protected] Prof. Christopher Cook: [email protected] (Cyperaceae) [email protected] OR (Asteraceae: Senecio, Iridaceae: [email protected] Aristea) Botanical Garden, University of Oslo, (Hydrocharitaceae, Limnocharitaceae, Blindern Lythraceae, Podostemaceae, Independent Prof. Brita Stedje: Pontederiaceae) Mrs Mary Wilkins & Mr Anthon Ellert: [email protected] Prof. Peter Linder: [email protected] (Anthericaceae, Asphodelaceae, [email protected] Hyacinthaceae) (Restionaceae, Poaceae) Juerg Schoenenberger: WALES Botanical Institute, The Norwegian [email protected] (Penaeceae, Arboretum, University of Bergen, Oliniaceae, Rhynchocalycaceae) National Botanic Garden of Wales Hjellestad Dr Charles Stirton: Dr Cornelis Berg: [email protected] [email protected] UNITED STATES (Fabaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Rosaceae, (Moraceae, Ulmaceae) OF AMERICA Verbenaceae)

Arkansas State University: Beebe Last updated October 2003 SCOTLAND Prof. Stephen Manning: [email protected] Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh Dr Mary Gibby: [email protected] (Geraniaceae)

In the March 2004 edition of SABONET News... Special Edition: Threatened Plants Programme Remember to send us your submissions before 29 February 2004!

SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004 127 About SABONET

This publication is a product of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), a programme aimed at strengthening the level of botanical expertise, expanding and improving herbarium and botanic garden collections, and fostering closer collaborative links among botanists in the southern African subcontinent.

The main objective of SABONET is to develop a strong core of professional botanists, taxonomists, horticulturists, and plant diversity specialists within the ten countries of southern Africa (Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe). This core group will be competent to inventory, monitor, evaluate, and conserve the botanical diversity of the region in the face of specific development challenges, and to respond to the technical and scientific needs of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

To enhance the human resource capacity and infrastructure available in the region, SABONET offers training courses, workshops, and collaborative expeditions in under-collected areas. The programme produces a series of occasional publications, the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Series, and a newsletter, SABONET News.

SABONET is co-funded by: • The United States Agency for International Development (USAID/World Conservation Union—Regional Office for southern Africa (IUCN-ROSA) • The Global Environment Facility (GEF)/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

For more information about our projects in southern Africa contact one of the following addresses:

General enquiries about SABONET MALAWI SABONET Coordinator National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens of SOUTH AFRICA c/o National Botanical Institute Malawi National Herbarium Private Bag X101 (Dr Zacharia Magambo) (Prof. Gideon Smith) Pretoria 0001 c/o Livingstone & old Naisi Road National Botanical Institute South Africa P.O. Box 528 2 Cussonia Avenue Tel: (27) 12 804 3200 Zomba Brummeria Fax: (27) 12 804 3211/5979 Tel: (265) 525 388/118/145 Private Bag X101 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (265) 524164/108 Pretoria 0001 http://www.sabonet.org E-mail: [email protected] / Tel: (27) 12 804 3200 [email protected] Fax: (27) 12 804 3211/5343 ANGOLA E-mail: [email protected] Luanda Herbarium MOZAMBIQUE (Prof. Esparança Costa) LMA Herbarium SWAZILAND Universidade Agostinho Neto (Mr Calane da Silva) National Herbarium Rua Fernando Pessoa No. 103 Instituto Nacional de Investigaçáo (Mr Gideon Dlamini) Villa Alice Agronómica Malkerns Agricultural Research Station Caixa Postal 3244 Departamento de Botânica P.O. Box 4 Tel: (244) 2 336 168 Avenida das Forças Populares Malkerns Fax: (244) 2 336 168 Caixa Postal 3658 Tel: (268) 52 82111/83017/83038 E-mail: [email protected] / Mavalane Fax: (268) 52 83360/83490 [email protected] Maputo E-mail: [email protected] / Tel: (258) 1 460 255/130/190/097/149 [email protected] BOTSWANA Fax: (258) 1 460 074 National Herbarium E-mail: [email protected] / ZAMBIA (Mr Nonofo Mosesane) [email protected] Herbarium (Dr Patrick Phiri) National Museums, Monuments and Art Department of Biological Sciences Gallery NAMIBIA University of Zambia c/o Mobuto Drive & Notwane Road National Herbarium P.O. Box 32379 Private Bag 00114 (Dr Gillian Maggs-Kölling) Lusaka Gaborone National Botanical Research Institute Tel: (260) 1 293 158 Tel: (267) 373860/374616 Orban Street Fax: (260) 1 294806/253952 Fax: (267) 311186/302797 Private Bag 13184 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] / Windhoek [email protected] Tel: (264) 61 202 2020 ZIMBABWE Fax: (264) 61 258 153 National Herbarium and Botanic Garden LESOTHO E-mail: [email protected] / (Ms Nozipo Nobanda) National Environment Secretariat [email protected] P.O Box A889 (Mr Thulo Qhotsokoane) Avondale Ministry of Environment Harare 6th Floor, Development House Tel: (263) 4 708 938/744170/745230 Private Bag A23 Fax: (263) 4 708 938 Maseru 100 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: (266) 311 767 Fax: (266) 310 506/321505 E-mail: [email protected]

128 SABONET News Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2004