ISSN 0898-6207 PRIMATE CONSERVATION The Journal of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Number 26 2013 Primate Conservation is produced and circulated courtesy of the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Conservation International, the Los Angeles Zoo, and the Department of Anatomical Sciences of the State University of New York at Stony Brook. Primate Conservation The journal of the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Conservation International 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA ISSN 0898-6207 Abbreviation: Primate Conserv. Editors Russell A. Mittermeier, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA Anthony B. Rylands, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Chairman Russell A. Mittermeier, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA Deputy Chair Anthony B. Rylands, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA Vice Chair: Section on Great Apes – Liz Williamson, Stirling University, Stirling, Scotland, UK Vice-Chair: Section on Gibbons – Benjamin J. Rawson, Fauna and Flora International, Cambridge, UK Regional Vice-Chairs – Neotropics Mesoamerica – Liliana Cortés-Ortiz, Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Andean Countries – Erwin Palacios, Conservation International Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Eckhard W. Heymann, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Göttingen, Germany Brazil and the Guianas – M. Cecília M. Kierulff, Vale Natural Reserve/Vale SA, Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil; Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil; Maurício Talebi, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil Regional Vice Chairs – Africa W. Scott McGraw, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; David N. M. Mbora, Whittier College, Whittier, California, USA; Janette Wallis, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA Regional Vice Chairs – Madagascar Christoph Schwitzer, Bristol Conservation and Science Foundation, c/o Bristol Zoo Gardens, Bristol, UK; Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust – Madagascar Programme, Antananarivo, Madagascar Regional Vice Chairs – Asia China – Long Yongcheng, The Nature Conservancy, China Southeast Asia / Indochina – Jatna Supriatna, Conservation International Indonesia Program, Jakarta, Indonesia; Christian Roos, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Göttingen, Germany; Ramesh Boonratana, Mahidol University International College, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand South Asia – Sally Walker, Zoo Outreach Organization, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; Sanjay Molur, Wildlife Information Liaison Development, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India Layout: Kim Meek, Washington, DC, USA IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group logo courtesy of Stephen D. Nash, 2002. Front cover: A pale color morph of the purple-faced langur, Semnopithecus vetulus vetulus, in southwestern districts of Galle and Matara, in the wet zone of Sri Lanka. Photo by Nadika Hapuarachchi. See page 115. This issue of Primate Conservation was kindly sponsored by the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, Virginia, USA, the Los Angeles Zoo, Los Angeles, California, and the Department of Anatomical Sciences of the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA. Contents Neotropical Region Population Size, Distribution and Conservation Status of Howler Monkeys (Alouatta coibensis trabeata) and Spider Monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi azuerensis) on the Azuero Peninsula, Panama .........................................................................3 Pedro G. Méndez-Carvajal GIS Risk Assessment and GAP Analysis for the Andean Titi Monkey (Callicebus oenanthe) ....................................................17 Sam Shanee, Julio C. Tello-Alvarado, Jan Vermeer and Antonio J. Bóveda-Penalba Occurrences of the Golden-headed Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas) above 500 Meters in Southern Bahia, Brazil and Implications for Conservation Planning ..........................................................................................25 Becky E. Raboy, Leonardo G. Neves, Sara L. Zeigler and Leonardo C. Oliveira Subspecific Variation: An Alternative Biogeographic Hypothesis Explaining Variation in Coat Color and Cranial Morphology in Lagothrix lugens (Primates: Atelidae) ...................................................................................................................33 Hugo Mantilla-Meluk Madagascar Southern Range Extensions for the Critically Endangered Black-and-White Ruffed Lemur Varecia variegata and Greater Bamboo Lemur Prolemur simus .........................................................................................................................................49 Laingoniaina Herifito Fidèle Rakotonirina, Andry Rajaonson, Jaona Honoré Ratolojanahary, Jeannot Maxime Missirli, Lala Razafy Fara, Raholijaona, Marlin Andriamanajaranirina and Tony King Africa Human-Chimpanzee Sympatry and Interactions in Cantanhez National Park, Guinea-Bissau: Current Research and Future Directions ............................................................................................................................................................................... 57 Kimberley J. Hockings and Claudia Sousa Gene Flow and Genetic Diversity of Chimpanzees in Tanzanian Habitats ..................................................................................67 Eiji Inoue, Yasuko Tashiro, Hideshi Ogawa, Miho Inoue-Murayama, Toshisada Nishida and Osamu Takenaka Asia The Indochinese Silvered Leaf Monkey Trachypithecus germaini (sensu lato) in Lao PDR .......................................................75 R. J. Timmins, R. Steinmetz, M. K. Poulsen, T. D. Evans, J. W. Duckworth and R. Boonratana The Conservation Status of Phayre’s Leaf Monkey Trachypithecus phayrei in Lao PDR ..........................................................89 R. J. Timmins, J. W. Duckworth, T. E. Hansel and W. G. Robichaud Distribution and Habitat of Assamese Macaque Macaca assamensis in Lao PDR, Including its Use of Low-altitude Karsts ..............................................................................................................................................................103 R. J. Timmins and J. W. Duckworth A New Color Morph of the Southern Purple-faced Langur (Semnopithecus vetulus vetulus) from the Rainforests of Southwestern Sri Lanka ..................................................................................................................................................................115 Charlie J. Roscoe, Madura A. de Silva, Nadika C. Hapuarachchi and P.A. Rohan Krishantha Distribution of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) in Bangladesh: Inter-population Variation in Group Size and Composition ..............................................................................................................................................................................125 Md. Kamrul Hasan, M. Abdul Aziz, S. M. Rabiul Alam, Yoshi Kawamoto, Lisa Jones-Engel, Randall C. Kyes, Sharmin Akhtar, Sajeda Begum and M. Mostafa Feeroz Population Density and Abundance of Ebony Leaf Monkeys (Trachypithecus auratus) in West Bali National Park, Indonesia ...........................................................................................................................................................................................133 Jean-Baptiste Leca, Noëlle Gunst, Aida Rompis, Gede Soma, I. G. A. Arta Putra and I. Nengah Wandia Obituaries Dr. Annie Gautier-Hion (1940–2011) ..............................................................................................................................................145 Jean-Pierre Gautier, Damien Caillaud, John Oates, Thomas Struhsaker, Elizabeth Williamson and Fiona Maisels Alan R. Mootnick (1951–2011)........................................................................................................................................................146 Primate Conservation 2013 (26): 3–15 Population Size, Distribution and Conservation Status of Howler Monkeys (Alouatta coibensis trabeata) and Spider Monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi azuerensis) on the Azuero Peninsula, Panama Pedro G. Méndez-Carvajal Department of Anthropology, School of Social Science and Law, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK Fundación Pro-Conservación de los Primates Panameños (FCPP), República de Panamá Abstract: The Azuero howler monkey, Alouatta coibensis trabeata, and the Azuero spider monkey, Ateles geoffroyi azuerensis, are endemic to the Azuero Peninsula, southwestern Panama, Central America and they are considered Critically Endangered. They are threatened by deforestation, poaching, and illegal trade. I carried out population surveys of the two subspecies from April 2001 to June 2009. The study covered potential habitats for these primates in the three provinces where they are believed to occur (Herrera, Los Santos and part of Veraguas). Surveys determined their occurrence and locations in each province. In all, 7,821 hrs were spent in survey activities. I used four methods: 1) Direct observation of presence/absence; 2) triangulations based on vocal- izations; 3) strip-transect censuses, and 4) road counts. Forty-five Azuero howler monkey groups were seen and counted, totaling 452 individuals with a mean of 9.6 individuals/group, SE ±3.3 (range = 3–26). I estimate approximately 322 howler groups and c. 3,092 individuals remaining in the wild in the three provinces. For the Azuero spider