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Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Crna Gora (Montenegro), Part II: Description of Male of Crematogaster Auberti Savinae Zimmermann, 1934

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Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Crna Gora (Montenegro), Part II: Description of Male of Crematogaster Auberti Savinae Zimmermann, 1934 Türk. entomol. derg., 2011, 35 (1): 3-18 ISSN 1010-6960 Orijinal araştırma (Original article) New data of the genus Crematogaster Lund, 1831 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Crna Gora (Montenegro), Part II: Description of male of Crematogaster auberti savinae Zimmermann, 1934 Marko G. KARAMAN1* Summary The male of Crematogaster auberti savinae Zimmermann, 1934 is described for the first time and the worker of this subspecies is redescribed. Crematogaster sordidula mayri (Mayr, 1853) is synonymised with C. sordidula sordidula (Nylander, 1849). Geographical distribution of the genus Crematogaster in Montenegro (C. gordani Karaman, 2008, Crematogaster ionia Forel, 1911, C. montenigrinus Karaman, 2008, C. schmidti (Mayr, 1853a), C. auberti savinae Zimmermann, 1934, C. jehovae Forel, 1907 and C. sordidula (Nylander, 1849) is presented. Identification key based on workers is composed for all the species of Crematogaster distributed in Southern Europe. Key words: Crematogaster, identification key, workers, Crna Gora (Montenegro) Anahtar sözcükler: Crematogaster, teşhis anahtarı, işçiler, Crna Gora (Montenegro) Introduction The descriptions of males of the species of Crematogaster distributed in Southern Europe are either not detailed or accurate (Ruzsky, 1905; Atanasov & Dlusskij, 1992; Kutter, 1977; Karaman, 2008), or the description of male genitalia is lacking altogether (Bernard, 1978). In the case of three species, C. ionia Forel, 1911, C. jehovae Forel, 1907 and C. auberti savinae Zimmermann, 1934 the males are still unknown. 1 Natural History Museum of Montenegro, P.O. Box 374, Podgorica 20000, Montenegro (Crna Gora) * Sorumlu yazar (Corresponding author) e-mail: [email protected] Alınış (Received): 13.11.2009 Kabul ediliş (Accepted): 08.03.2010 3 The description of the male of C. auberti savinae is presented for the first time. Additionally, the taxonomy and the description of workers and females are presented for 3 species from Montenegro, as well as, their ecology. Finally, the distribution of seven Crematogaster species in Montenegro, and the synoptic key, based on workers, to the 15 species of Crematogaster in Southern Europe are given. Materials and Methods This study is based on specimens collected from various localities in central and southern Montenegro during the period 1988-2008. Specimens were collected mostly from the nests. In the case the nests were not found, solitary specimens were collected from the ground, the threes or shrubs. To investigate possible variation in morphology of each species across the Balkan area specimens were compared against those collected from Macedonia, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. For each species the synonymy, distribution, number of specimens of each cast and the collector are given. The distribution sites are arranged successively from the westernmost to easternmost. The localities cited by other authors (Müller, 1923; Soudek, 1925; Zimmermann, 1934; Petrov, 1995 and Collingwood & Petrov, 1999) are indicated as "Localities cited". All measurements were carried out with a micrometer apparatus attached to a stereoscopic microscope, and the values are given in μm (reading error: ±0.005 mm). The total length (TL) is given in mm. The synoptic key is prepared based on the workers collected from the Balkans and supplemented with original descriptions for the nonBalkan’s species. Measurements and Indices Total length (TL): Total length of the body, excluding appendages, in dorsal view. Head width (HW): The maximum dorsal width of the head at eyes level. Head length (HL): Maximum dorsal full-face view length from the anteriormost margin of clypeus to the posterior margin of occiput. Cephalic index (CI): Hw/HL x 100. Scape length (SL): The maximum straight line length of the antennal scape excluding the basal constriction of the neck close to the condylar bulb. Scape index (SI): SL/HW x 100. 4 Ocellus length (OL): The maximum length of main ocellus in male. Length of mesosoma (LM): The diagonal length of the mesosoma from the point at which the pronotum meets the cervical shield to the posterior base of the metapleuron. Propodeal spine length (PS): Lateral distance from the upper edge of propodeal spiracle to the tip of spine. Petiole width (PW): The maximum width of the petiole, in dorsal view. Postpetiole width (PPW): The maximum width of the postpetiole, in dorsal view. Petiole Index (PI): PWx100/PPW. Postpetiole Index (PPI): PPWx100/HW. Pronotal Width (PnW): The maximum width of pronotum in dorsal view. Distance Between the Tips (DBT): the maximum distance between the apices of propodeal spines. A10, A9, A8, A3, A2, A1: Length of named antennal segments. Results Six species and one subspecies from two subgenera, Crematogaster and Orthocrema, are known from the territory of Montenegro. Within the subgenus Crematogaster (Crematogaster) Mayr, 1852, two groups of species inhabit Montenegro. First group is C. scutellaris complex that includs C. schmidti; C. ionia; C. gordani and C. montenigrinus. Second group, the auberti complex includes two species, C. auberti savinae and C. jehovae. Both species are characterized by the lack of keel on worker’s mesonotum. The original description of C. auberti savinae was based only on workers (Zimmermann, 1934). We collected males from two localities, but the female remains unknown. The workers of the subgenus Crematogaster (Orthocrema) Santschi, 1918, are characterized by the presence of quadrate petiole in dorsal view. In Montenegro this subgenus is represented with one species, C. sordidula. Crematogaster Lund, 1831 Type genus: Formica scutellaris; by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 124. Subgenus Crematogaster Lund, 1831 Type subgenus: Formica scutellaris; by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 124. 5 1. Crematogaster auberti savinae Zimmermann, 1934 (Figs. 1, 2A-B) Crematogaster auberti savinae Zimmermann, 1934: 25 (loc. typ. Savina, Montenegro); Santschi, 1937: 312; Bolton et al., 2006. Material examined (Montenegro): Adriatic coast: 1 worker, Boka Kotorska Bay, Kamenari, 09.08.1988, leg. G. Karaman; 1 worker, Boka Kotorska Bay, Činovica, on the oak tree, 09.07.1992, leg. M. Karaman; 8 males, Boka Kotorska Bay, Opatovo, 23.07.1996, leg. G. Karaman; Inland: 1 male, 15.07.2003, Podgorica, in a garden, outside of a nest, leg. M. Karaman; Localities cited: Zimmermann (1934): 20 workers, Savina (Herceg Novi), 17.05.1931; Altitude: 0-100 m a.s.l. Range: Southern and central Montenegro. Type species inhabit Iberian Peninsula, and part of France; the citation for Corsica is doubtful (Baroni Urbani, 1971). Some valid subspecies are present on the Mediterranean coast of Africa (Crematogaster auberti levithorax Forel, 1902 – Algeria, Crematogaster auberti nigripes Menozzi, 1940 – Libya, Crematogaster auberti regilla Santschi, 1937 – Morocco) and Crematogaster auberti vogti Forel, 1909 described from Spain. Ecology: We did not find nests of this species, only individual foragers were encountered on trees and shrubs. Males were collected at night using light source. Zimmermann (1934) also did not find any nest. He collected workers on a tree trunk of Robinia pseudoacacia and on the ground under the tree. Description Worker: Crematogaster auberti savinae together with Crematogaster auberti, Crematogaster jehovae and Crematogaster fuentei Menozzi, 1922 belongs to the group of species from the Mediterranean basin with trapezoidal dorsal face of petiole, and dorsum of alitrunk without prominent keel. The original description of workers (Zimmermann, 1934) (translated from German by the author): Head and thorax uniform dark brown, gaster darker, almost black. Scapus and appendages paler, only the last segment of funiculus as dark as the head. Head smooth and shining, covered with feeble and fine pubescence, mandibles and lower part of chests shallowly longitudinally striated. Thorax short and wide, dorsum of pro- and mesonotum without keel. Basal part of epinotum shallowly longitudinally striated. Propodeal spines short, 6 massive, with broad base, slightly divergented in dorsal view, slightly curved in profile. Petiole short and broad, narrowing from front to rear. Abdomen shiny, pubescent. The morphology of specimens collected in Montenegro fully corresponds with the above description. We supplemented it with our own observations. Head smooth and shining, covered with thin and fine pubescence, clypeus and genae are not longitudinally striated as in C. jehovae. The general appearance of the body is thicker than in C. jehovae. Dorsaly promesonotum smooth and shining, weakly punctulate sculptured (as in the type specimens). Workers of the subspecies savinae differ from the type workers in the shape of propodeal spines and epinotal sculptures. Propodeal spines of the type workers long, attenuate, and the width equal from the base to near the top; the top is sharp. Spines in savinae workers short, massive, with broad base and clearly peaked from the base to the top. They are slightly divergented in dorsal view, slightly curved in profile. Each propodeal spine is with one seta at the base, which is subequal in length to the spine. Basal part of epinotum more acute and longitudinally striated in savinae than in the type species, but less acute than in the subspecies jehovae. Mesopleuron mostly microareolate. Measurements: TL 3.5 mm, 3.1 mm; HW 869.50, 795.50; HL 786.25, 721.50; CI 110.58, 110.26; SL 629.00, 656.75; SI 72.34, 82.55; LM 952.75, 841.75; PS 83.25, 69.37; A10 259.00, 259.00; A9 129.50, 120.25; A8 101.75, 97.12; DBT 351.50, 342.25; PW 296.00, 277.50; PPW 254.37, 231.25; PI 116.36, 119.78; PPI 29.25, 29.06; PnW 439.38, 411.62. Workers of C. auberti savinae and C. jehovae are clearly different from other Crematogaster species that inhabit Montenegro in the size and the shape of the propodeal stigma. Thus, the aperture of stigma is slightly eliptical and the diameter equals the lenght of the propodeal spine (70 μm in our specimen) in C. auberti-savinae and C. jehovae (Fig. 1). In other species (C. schmidti, C. gordani and C. ionia) workers have dorso-ventral flattened aperture with diameter significantly smaller than the lenght of spines. Workers of C.
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