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Mushroom Diversity of Konkan Region of Maharashtra, India

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Mushroom Diversity of Konkan Region of Maharashtra, India Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2015 | 7(10): 7625–7640 Review Mushroom diversity of Konkan region of Maharashtra, India Pramod Borkar 1, Anila Doshi 2 & Sudhir Navathe 3 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) 1,3 Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. B.S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth (Agricultural University), Dapoli, Maharashtra ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 415712, India 2 Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract: The forays conducted in the diverse habitats of the Konkan region of Maharashtra for four consecutive monsoon seasons during 2008–2012, revealed the occurrence of 29 mushrooms. Among the collected mushrooms, six belonged to the family Agaricaceae, five to Lyophyllaceae, two each to Pleurotaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Marasmiaceae and Tricholomataceae; one each to Phallaceae, Physalacriaceae, Xylariaceae, Tremellaceae, Sclerodermataceae, Decrymycetaceae, Cantharellaceae, Entolomaceae, Plutaceae and Ganodermataceae. The morphology of Tremella, Dictyophora, Daldinia, Pisolithus and Calocera were quite distinct and interesting. Keywords: Agariaceae, Lyophyllaceae, macrofungi, morpho-taxonomy, mushroom diversity, Western Ghats. Hygrocybe miniata DATA LEAST NEAR CRITICALLY EXTINCT NOT VULNERABLE ENDANGERED EXTINCT EVALUATED DEFICIENT CONCERN THREATENED ENDANGERED IN THE WILD NE DD LC NT VU EN CR EW EX DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o4283.7625-40 Editor: R.K. Verma, Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, India. Date of publication: 26 August 2015 (online & print) Manuscript details: Ms # o4283 | Received 08 December 2014 | Final received 13 July 2015 | Finally accepted 30 July 2015 Citation: Borkar, P., A. Doshi & S. Navathe (2015). Mushroom diversity of Konkan region of Maharashtra, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(10): 7625–7640; http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o4283.7625-40 Copyright: © Borkar et al. et al. 2015. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use of this article in any medium, repro- duction and distribution by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publication. Funding: None. Competing interests:The authors declare no competing interests. Author Details: Pramod Borkar Assistant Professor, his basic research area is mushroom diversity, domestication of edible mushroom species, Diseases of planation and horticultural crops. He is active member of Mushroom society of India, Indian Mycological society, Indian phytopathological society. He is active in extension work of various cultivation technologies edible mushroom, management of disease, integrated disease management technologies. Dr. Anila Doshi Professor and Head, has worked as Mycologist; All India coordinated Research Project on Mushrooms for more than two decades. During this period she identified and documented about 200 wild mushrooms from Rajasthan. She was awarded the Best Teacher Award by MPUAT. She is active member of Mushroom society of India, and Indian Society of Mycology and Plant Pathology. Sudhir Navathe B.Sc. in agriculture and M.Sc. plant pathology, is awarded with Hexamer Gold medal in plant pathology by Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth and INSPIRE RESEACH FELLOWSHIP 2014-15 by Deparment of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. He started his research career with research in cultivation technology of milky white mushroom and oyster mushrooms with innovative techniques, and mushroom biodiversity; further working on various aspects in phytopathology and molecular plant pathology. Author Contribution:PB and SN contributed in surveying, collection, identification and microscopic characterization of mushrooms and preparation of manuscript. AD contributed to the specific identification of mushrooms, confirming the names of mushrooms and guidance during this research work. Acknowledgements: Authors are thankful to the Department of Plant Pathology Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth (Agricultural University) Dapoli, Maharashtra; Department of Plant Pathology, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur Rajasthan necessary for research facility and database. 7625 Mushroom diversity of Konkan region Borkar et al. INTRODUCTION cashew, coconut and arecanut at Wakavali, Kelshi, Inampangari, lateritic soil vegetation in Sindhudurg The macrofungal diversity is depleting fast due District comprising places like Kudal, Malvan, Pandur, to deforestation, urbanization, climate change and Koloshi and Kanakvali and black soil area such as Wada unsystematic exploitation through collection of wild and Palghar in Thane District and thick forest areas in mushrooms. This situation demands an urgent need Rajapur, Lanja, Sangameshwar, Ratnagiri, Chiplun and to collect, document and conserve this group. Most Dapoli tahasils. Identification of the collected mushroom macrofungi are cosmopolitan, occurring both in tropical specimens was done on the basis of their macroscopic and temperate regions. They occur seasonally all over (morphological) and microscopic characters. For the world in various habitats such as humus rich soils, recording field observations, a pro-forma was prepared decaying plant litter and wood logs in forests as well as (as per George Mimes “Principles of Mushroom in meadows and even in sandy and other soils. Some Identification) (Tibuhwa et al. 2010). At the time of species, particularly mycorrhizal mushrooms are on the collection of mushrooms, date of collection, locality and verge of extinction. habitat were recorded. Every specimen was recorded India, being one of the top 10 mega diverse nations of with a collection number. Descriptions are based on the world, has ample species of wild mushrooms which fresh collections made from Konkan regions. Microscopic occur mainly during the rainy season. The diversity observations were made from free hand sections of geographical, ecological and climatic conditions mounted in lectophenol cotton blue. All collections prevailing in India has made this country a natural habitat studied are deposited at the Mycological Herbarium of for a large number of fungal species. Six regions, viz., Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. B.S. Konkan Krishi Eastern Himalayan, northwest Himalayan, Indo Gangetic Vidyapeeth Dapoli, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India. Plain, Western Ghats, southern India and Rajasthan have been explored by a number of workers throughout the country as hot spots of mushroom diversity, since 1825. RESULTS The work on collection and taxonomic studies of mushrooms in Maharashtra started as late as 1974. Twenty-nine mushrooms from different families were Prof. A.V. Sathe and his team recorded 75 species collected during these surveys (Table 1; Images 1–19). distributed in 43 genera from the collections made from The mushrooms collected from different locations the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala during in Konkan region (Appendix 1 and 2) include: Agaricu 1978–1980. This collection was documented in the form splacomyces, Lepiota spp., Pleurotus spp., Marasmius of a monograph on Agaricales. As far as the collection haematocephalus, Lepista nuda, Tremella fuciformis, of macrofungi from Maharashtra is concerned, mostly Pisolithus tinctorius, Armillaria tebescens and it remained confined to western Maharashtra. Very Calocera cornea. Termitomyces heimii, T. microcarpus, few mushrooms viz., Fistulina hepatica, Entyloma Leucocoprinus birnbaumii, Pleurotus pulmonarius, achrospora, E. strictus, Rhodophyllus achrosporus and Dictyophora duplicata and Entoloma roseoflavum. R. overeemi were recorded from the Konkan region, The mushrooms, viz., Agaricustri sulphuratus, is a narrow strip of 720km comprising four districts, Daldinia concentrica and Pleutus cervinus, were viz.: Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg. On the found to occur only in Ratnagiri District and all the eastern side of the region lies the Sahyadri mountain collected mushrooms occur in Ratnagiri District. The range which is a part of the Western Ghats. The Sahyadri morphological description of these mushrooms is as mountain range is bestowed with rich flora and fauna. follows: Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) Emel. (Physalacriaceae) MATERIALS AND METHODS (Image 1) Synnonym: Clitocybe tabescens (Scop.) Bres Mushrooms from four districts of Konkan region viz., Habitat: Growing on bamboo roots, cespitose Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg were collected clusters. for four consecutive monsoon seasons in the years from Pileus: Bright yellow ochraceous brown in age, 6cm 2008 to 2012. Selected spots included Amboli, an area in diameter, glabrous, convex to shield shaped with with well-known high altitude biodiversity, sea shore entire to undulate margin. area like Murud, horticultural plantations with mango, Stipe: Equal, eccentric, concolorous with pileus 7626 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2015 | 7(10): 7625–7640 Mushroom diversity of Konkan region Borkar et al. Table 1. Occurrence of naturally growing mushroom flora in four districts of Konkan 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Scientific name Si Rt Rg Th Si Rt Rg Th Si Rt Rg Th Si Rt Rg Th Si Rt Rg Th 1 Armillaria tabescens OO-OOO-OOO-OOO-OOOOO 2 Agaricus arvensis -----OOOOOOO-OOOOO-- 3 Agaricus placomyces OOO-OOO-OOO-OOO----- 4 Agaricus trisulphuratus -O---O---O---O--OO-- 5 Calocera cornea -O--OO--OO-OOOO-OO-O 6 Clitocybe spp. ----OOOOOOOOOOOO-O-- 7 Creterellus tubaeformis
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