DOCSLIB.ORG

Visit to Italy: the Gasparri Law Observations and Recommendations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Visit to Italy: the Gasparri Law Observations and Recommendations Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe The Representative on Freedom of the Media Miklós Haraszti 7 June 2005 Visit to Italy: The Gasparri Law Observations and Recommendations The OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, Miklós Haraszti, accompanied by Advisers Alexander Ivanko and Roland Bless, visited Rome, Italy, from 30 March to 1 April 2004. This was the Representative’s first visit to this participating State. The trip was made at the invitation of, and was organized by, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Italy. The purpose of the trip was to assess the current situation in the television broadcasting sector, one year after the adoption in 2004 of the Gasparri Law1, Italy’s first comprehensive regulation of all broadcast media, and of the Frattini Law2, on the conflicts between public duty and private interests of public officials. The Gasparri Law was enacted after repeated calls by Italy’s Constitutional Court, as well as by European political bodies, for an overhaul of the highly concentrated television system in Italy. The Representative appreciates the co-operative approach of the Italian authorities and their willingness to discuss all issues raised by him openly. Miklós Haraszti met with government officials, parliamentarians, scholars, and media lawyers. Among those he had talks with were, in order of the meetings: - Minister of Communications Maurizio Gasparri and his Deputy Giancarlo Innocenzi; - Members of the Italian Delegation to the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, Senator Luigi Compagna and Member of the Chamber of Deputies, Mister Fabio Ciani; - President of the Justice Commission of the Senate, Senator Antonino Caruso; - Professor Mauro Masi, Secretary-General of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (Prime-Minister’s Office); - Senior officials from the Foreign Ministry. 1 The “Gasparri Law” is Law 3 May 2004, no.112: “Regulations and principles governing the set-up of the broadcasting system and the RAI-Radiotelevisione italiana S.p.a., authorizing the government to issue a consolidated broadcasting act” http://www.comunicazioni.it/en/index.php?IdNews=18 2 The “Frattini Law” is Law 20 July 2004, no. 215 "Norme in materia di risoluzione dei conflitti di interessi", or "Rules of Solving Conflicts of Interest". The Representative on Freedom of the Media 2 Visit to Italy: The Gasparri Law 7 June 2005 At the request of the Representative, the MFA of Italy kindly hosted a one-day expert workshop on the effects of the Gasparri Broadcasting Law. The workshop was attended by, at the invitation of the MFA of Italy: - Mrs. Laura Aria, Director of the Supervision and Control Department of AGCOM - Communications Guarantee Authority; - Mrs. Francesca Quadri, Chief of the legislative office of the Communications Ministry, Rome; - Mr. Vincenzo Zeno-Zencovich, Professor of Comparative private law - IIIrd University of Rome; at the invitation of the Representative: - Avvocato Caterina Malavenda, expert on Information and Communications Law, Milan; - Mr Giulio Enea Vigevani, Professor of Information and Communications Law, University of Milano-Bicocca Law Faculty, Milan. - Mr David Ward, Director, Centre for Media Policy and Development, London; The reason for the visit: The “Italian television anomaly” Italy has a very diverse and lively media scene with most prevalent views present. Issues of public concern are regularly debated both in the print and the broadcast media. Television has developed over time to become the main source of information for the Italian public, with fourteen nationwide surface-frequency channels3 and more than five hundred local and regional channels. There are thousands of radio stations in the country. Newspaper readership on the other hand, at 6 million daily, has remained roughly the same for the past fifty years. The ownership diversification of Italy’s newspapers is considered to ensure their pluralism and independence, although their advertisement revenues, because of their relatively low circulation, are less secure. This country is also one of the first European Union member-states which has initiated legislation to decriminalize libel and defamation. Freedom of expression and press freedom overall are in a healthy state in Italy. However, there is one media sector that is regularly referred to as the “Italian anomaly”, the television broadcasting market. 3 Three for RAI (RAI 1, RAI 2, RAI 3), three for Mediaset (Canale 5, Rete4, Italia 1), two owned by Telecom Italia (La 7, MTV), two owned by Holland Coordinator (Tele+ 1, Tele+ 2), Rete Mia and Rete A, in addition to Rete Capri and Home Shopping Europe. The Representative on Freedom of the Media 3 Visit to Italy: The Gasparri Law 7 June 2005 Prior to the Gasparri and the Frattini Laws, the “Italian anomaly” consisted of three major deficiencies: • A duopoly domination in the nationwide television market, and a quasi- monopoly in its private sector. • A conflict of incompatible interests, because the current Prime Minister is also an owner of the country’s dominating television and advertisement enterprises. • An unconstitutional legislative vacuum, as no laws existed capable of averting unhealthy media concentrations or incompatible interests of public officials. Very high concentration in the television media In the last two decades, no third force has been able to constraint the so-called duopoly, a dual domination of the nationwide television channel market by of one of the private owners, Mediaset, and the public Radiotelevisione Italiana – RAI. The duopoly was accompanied by a practically monopolistic situation in the commercial television sector and the advertisement market, both dominated by Mediaset. As regulated by international frequency treaties, Italy can have eleven nationwide surface-frequency analogue-distribution channels. Actually, there are fourteen (see footnote 3). • Within the market of these fourteen channels, the public-service broadcaster RAI and the privately owned Mediaset muster a duopoly in audience share with around 45 percent each (both own three channels). This 90% share is split amongst the six channels, but in actual fact only between these two companies. The remaining 10 percent of the audience share is distributed between the remaining eight national TV outlets. • The Italian duopoly is one of the highest concentrations of nationwide television networks in Western Europe4. • The allocation of the combined revenues also demonstrates the duopoly. RAI received 38% and Mediaset received 32.3% of the total television revenue, amounting to 6 954.4 million Euros in 2004. 4 "…. Italy has the most concentrated television market, with RAI and Mediaset dominating the market, in terms of audience and revenue shares. ….The least degree of concentration in the television sector is in the UK where three main players - the BBC, ITV and Channel 4 - have a combined market share of 69.9 percent of the audience…" David Ward, A Mapping Study of Media Concentration and Ownership in Ten European Countries, Netherlands Media Authority 2004. The Representative on Freedom of the Media 4 Visit to Italy: The Gasparri Law 7 June 2005 • In the privately owned commercial segment of the TV market, that is without the RAI system, the revenue situation amounts to a virtual monopoly of Mediaset. In 2004 Mediaset received 58.3% of all advertisement revenues (RAI received 28.1%). None of the other commercial nationwide networks received more than 2%, and the hundreds of local/regional TV stations combined harvested just below 9%. • The advertisement market also shows a strong concentration. AGCOM, the Italian media authority, in March 2005 established that Mediaset’s advertising vehicle Publitalia ‘80 controlled 62.4 per cent of the television advertising revenues. After the completion of the Representative’s visit, on 14 April 2005 it was reported that Fininvest Holding, with a public offer of shares, lowered its stake in Mediaset from 51% to 34%, maintaining Fininvest’s status as the leading shareholder but not in an absolute majority position. The enduring RAI-Mediaset duopoly, and especially the quasi-monopoly of Mediaset within the commercial television market, has deprived the Italian audiences of an effective variety of sources of information, and has thereby weakened the guarantees of pluralism. Incompatible interests of the Prime Minister During the previous and present tenures of Mr Silvio Berlusconi as Prime Minister of Italy, the country’s high media concentration was complemented with an unresolved conflict of interests. His family is the owner of Fininvest Holding, which owns a large part of Mediaset, which in turn fully owns the Publitalia advertisement enterprise. In a democracy, it is incompatible to be both in command of news media and to hold a public post. The predicament is not comparable to the usual conflict of entrepreneurial and public posts, with its dispute concerned mostly with opportunities to influence business competition. Rather, this is a conflict between political and business interests in combination with shaping public opinion. Media ownership by public officials has grave constitutional implications, as it: • Offers unaccountable opportunities to engineer media coverage; • Damages fairness and transparency of the political competition; • Diminishes pluralism of information and freedom of choice; • Impairs the government’s accountability and legitimacy. Italy has an ongoing record of control over and interference with public-service television by political parties and governments.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Investigating Italy's Past Through Historical Crime Fiction, Films, and Tv
    INVESTIGATING ITALY’S PAST THROUGH HISTORICAL CRIME FICTION, FILMS, AND TV SERIES Murder in the Age of Chaos B P ITALIAN AND ITALIAN AMERICAN STUDIES AND ITALIAN ITALIAN Italian and Italian American Studies Series Editor Stanislao G. Pugliese Hofstra University Hempstead , New York, USA Aims of the Series This series brings the latest scholarship in Italian and Italian American history, literature, cinema, and cultural studies to a large audience of spe- cialists, general readers, and students. Featuring works on modern Italy (Renaissance to the present) and Italian American culture and society by established scholars as well as new voices, it has been a longstanding force in shaping the evolving fi elds of Italian and Italian American Studies by re-emphasizing their connection to one another. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14835 Barbara Pezzotti Investigating Italy’s Past through Historical Crime Fiction, Films, and TV Series Murder in the Age of Chaos Barbara Pezzotti Victoria University of Wellington New Zealand Italian and Italian American Studies ISBN 978-1-137-60310-4 ISBN 978-1-349-94908-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-349-94908-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016948747 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
    [Show full text]
  • Italian Parliamentary Elections
    May 2018 1 % POLICY PAPER A Game of Thrones: Italian parliamentary elections Alexandr Lagazzi § On March 4, Italy held its general elections, which resulted in a tri-polar electorate and a political deadlock. After more than 10 weeks of negotiations, the Five Star Movement and the Northern League agreed upon a common agenda to form a governing coalition. On may 18 the final draft of the coalition pact was published. § This paper will aim to summarize the 2018 parliamentary elections by commenting on the outcome with regards to the rounds of (in)formal negotiations, pin-pointing the most surprising outcomes, and reacting to the most recent developments in order to compile an overview of the parliamentary power games. May 2018 2 % Introduction Behind-the-curtain politics: actual winners and losers With over 65 governments since the end of WW21, the Italian parliamentary system still reflects world-war In the weeks before the vote, four parties were on the precautions, such as the power symmetry between the two lookout for playing a key-role in forming the next houses of the parliament. This ‘perfect bicameralism’ means government: Renzi’s ruling Democratic Party (Partito that ever since Italy became a republic in 1946, its Prime Democratico, PD); Grillo’s Five Star Movement Ministers needed a majority in both the House of Deputies (Movimento 5 Stelle, M5S) headed by Di Maio; Berlusconi’s and the Senate. Designed to prevent a Mussolini-like abrupt Forza Italia (FI); and Salvini’s League (Lega Nord, L). As rise to power, this system has been a success, but it gave expected, the Democratic Party led the centre-left coalition, Italy a relatively weak executive branch.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulator\ Reform in Ital\
    5HJXODWRU\ 5HIRUP LQ ,WDO\ *RYHUQPHQW &DSDFLW\ WR $VVXUH +LJK 4XDOLW\ 5HJXODWLRQ ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed: to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy; to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development; and to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countries became Members subsequently through accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28th April 1964), Finland (28th January 1969), Australia (7th June 1971), New Zealand (29th May 1973), Mexico (18th May 1994), the Czech Republic (21st December 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Poland (22nd November 1996), Korea (12th December 1996) and the Slovak Republic (14th December 2000). The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD (Article 13 of the OECD Convention). Publié en français sous le titre : LA CAPACITÉ DU GOUVERNEMENT A PRODUIRE DES RÉGLEMENTATIONS DE GRANDE QUALITÉ © OECD 2001 Permission to reproduce a portion of this work for non-commercial purposes or classroom use should be obtained through the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France, tel.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sonzogno Affair (1875) and the Print Networks in Liberal Italy1
    Making News: the Sonzogno Affair (1875) and the Print Networks in Liberal Italy1 Silvia Valisa “non sappiamo, se un giorno la storia e la cronaca ricorderanno il fatto della morte di Raffaele Sonzogno, e di chi lo uccise.”2 On September 20, 1870, Milanese patriot Raffaele Sonzogno walked through the Breccia di Porta Pia into Rome. That day, the troops of the Kingdom of Italy had succeeded in breaching the walls of the city, and Italy at last recovered its long-dreamed-of capital. According to Risorgimento lore, as he walked on the rubble Sonzogno was not holding a rifle, or a flag, like the other patriots: he was carrying rather a small printing workshop.3 With it, the following day he proceeded to publish La capitale, the first Rome-based national newspaper. “Of medium height [...] and shortsighted,” as author Roberto Mazzucco describes him in a historical novel inspired by his fate, Raffaele was an outspoken voice of the Italian democrats and one of the heirs to the Sonzogno printing dynasty.4 It is the irony of Raffaele’s destiny that, although he died many years before his influential brother Edoardo, who developed the most important publishing trust in nineteenth–century Italy, we know so much more about Raffaele’s private and public life than we will ever know about Edoardo. This is because only five years after the foundation of La capitale, on the evening of Saturday February 6, 1875, Raffaele Sonzogno was attacked and murdered at the headquarters of his newspaper, located in Via Cesarini 77. The homicide, first investigated as a random act then as a crime related to matters of adultery, soon turned out to be also professionally motivated, and related to Sonzogno’s public friendships, enmities, and to some of the most important political debates of its time.
    [Show full text]
  • Italy's Minister of Communications Maurizio Gasparri Is Keynote
    No. 20 NOVEMBER 2002 Italy’s Minister of Communications President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi Denounces Anti- Maurizio Gasparri is Keynote Speaker Semitism as "Insidious Evil" n a message to at “Telecom Israel 2002” I the conference on “Europe without Anti-Semitism” recently held in Rome, inister Gasparri will Telecom Italia then formed President Carlo M lead a delegation of the “Med 1” corporation, Azeglio Ciampi Italian entrepreneurs to with Israeli partners, which denounced anti- underline the country’s has been active in the laying Semitism and discrimination as President Carlo interest in promoting and management of the first “insidious evils.” Azeglio Ciampi partnerships with Israeli undersea fibre optic link While working to enhance the authority, the enterprises in the between Mazara del Vallo effectiveness and the transparency of the European strategically vital (Sicily) and Tel Aviv. The Union, President Ciampi said that respect for telecommunication sector. cable, operative since March human dignity and rights, the core of European 1999 with a transmission identity, must not be overlooked. Referring to the proposed “Charter of Fundamental Rights” of the “Telecom Israel 2002” will capacity of 5 gigabytes per European Union, which has yet to be adopted as present the latest in second, is in fact the part of the European Constitution, President Ciampi technological innovations from principal declared that “anti-Semitism and discrimination the Telecommunications telecommunications artery are insidious evils which should be fought with
    [Show full text]
  • Italy and the Republic of San Marino
    Integrated Country Strategy Italy and The Republic of San Marino FOR PUBLIC RELEASE FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Table of Contents 1. Chief of Mission Priorities ................................................................................................... 2 2. Mission Strategic Framework ............................................................................................. 5 3. Mission Goals and Objectives ............................................................................................. 7 4. Management Objectives. .................................................................................................. 13 FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Approved: August 3, 2018 1 FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 1. Chief of Mission Priorities Italy has long been one of our closest allies and best trading partners, with exceptionally strong bonds between our people, including tens of millions of Americans of Italian descent, and the exchange of millions of travelers and students between our two countries every year. Italy embraces its role as a founding member of NATO and the European Union, and Italian politicians and diplomats frequently observe that Italy has had a consistent foreign policy since the beginning of the Italian Republic in 1946, despite frequent changes of government. Under NATO, Italy hosts over 30,000 U.S. military and Department of Defense civilians and their families on five bases. Italy has been the second leading troop contributor to both the Defeat-ISIS Coalition in Iraq and the Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan, and is strongly committed to UN peacekeeping. Italy has been a steadfast partner in international forums and our single most important ally for projecting military power into the greater Mediterranean. Due to its historical relationships and geographic proximity to North Africa, Italy has been vulnerable to the influx of migrants across the Mediterranean and has been a leader on addressing instability in Libya and the root causes of the migration crisis in the Sahel.
    [Show full text]
  • “La Spazzacorrotti”
    “LA SPAZZACORROTTI” di Claudia Di Pasquale Collaborazione Giulia Sabella – Lorenzo Vendemiale Immagini Chiara D’Ambros – Francesco Di Trapani Montaggio Federico Tozzi Montaggio e grafica Giorgio Vallati CLAUDIA DI PASQUALE FUORI CAMPO È il 18 febbraio, da più di due settimane il governo ha dichiarato lo stato di emergenza per il virus. Il ministro della salute Roberto Speranza partecipa alla campagna elettorale del Ministro dell’economia Roberto Gualtieri, candidato a Roma alle elezioni suppletive del primo marzo. ROBERTO SPERANZA – MINISTRO DELLA SALUTE Mi sembrava necessario passare e dare un saluto un messaggio di sostegno veramente convinto. Io penso di poter sostenere con grande forza la candidatura di Roberto. CLAUDIA DI PASQUALE FUORI CAMPO Il ministro per la Salute Roberto Speranza oggi è anche il segretario nazionale del partito Articolo uno, fondato nel 2017 anche da D’Alema. Secondo La Stampa la sua nomina sarebbe frutto di un accordo tra D’Alema e Casaleggio. CLAUDIA DI PASQUALE Salve ministro, sono Claudia di Pasquale di Report, Rai3, possiamo fare due battute su Articolo uno, sul ruolo che può avere… ROBERTO SPERANZA - MINISTRO DELLA SALUTE Guarda sono in ritardo sto proprio in difficoltà … Ti voglio bene veramente… CLAUDIA DI PASQUALE La ringrazio che mi vuole bene. Sul vostro sito io ho letto… ROBERTO SPERANZA - MINISTRO DELLA SALUTE Sto andando alla Protezione Civile mi dispiace. CLAUDIA DI PASQUALE Allora ci vediamo un’altra volta. ROBERTO SPERANZA - MINISTRO DELLA SALUTE Venga, mi viene a trovare senza problemi, ma ora devo scappare alla Protezione Civile. CLAUDIA DI PASQUALE FUORI CAMPO Non lo abbiamo più rivisto. Il ministro Speranza fa parte inoltre del comitato di indirizzo della fondazione ItalianiEuropei.
    [Show full text]
  • This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from Explore Bristol Research
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: King, Amy Title: Italy’s secular martyrs the construction, role and maintenance of secular martyrdom in Italy from the twentieth century to the present day General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. Italy’s secular martyrs: the construction, role and maintenance of secular martyrdom in Italy from the twentieth century to the present day Amy King A thesis submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements for award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts.
    [Show full text]
  • Children of Immigrants in Italy
    UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre Innocenti Working Paper THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN IN IMMIGRANT FAMILIES IN ITALY: CHANGES AND CHALLENGES Letizia Mencarini, Emiliana Baldoni and Gianpiero Dalla Zuanna Special Series on Children in Immigrant Families in Affluent Societies IWP-2009-15 October 2009 Innocenti Working Papers Special Series on Children in Immigrant Families in Affluent Societies UNICEF Innocenti Working Papers are intended to disseminate initial research contributions within the Centre‘s programme of work, addressing social, economic and institutional aspects of the realization of the human rights of children. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the policies or views of UNICEF. Extracts from this publication may be freely reproduced with due acknowledgement. © 2009 United Nations Children‘s Fund (UNICEF) ISSN: 1014–7837 For readers wishing to cite this document, we suggest the following form: Mencarini, Letizia, Emiliana Baldoni and Gianpiero Dalla Zuanna (2009), ‗The Situation of Children in Immigrant Families in Italy: Changes and Challenges‘, Innocenti Working Paper, no. 2009-15, Florence, UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre. ii The UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre The UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, in Florence, was established in 1988 to strengthen the research capability of the United Nations Children‘s Fund and to support its advocacy for children worldwide. The Centre – formally known as the International Child Development Centre – generates knowledge and analysis to support policy formulation and advocacy in favour of children, acts as a convener and catalyst for knowledge exchange and strategic reflections on children‘s concerns and supports programme development and capacity- building.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER I – Bloody Saturday………………………………………………………………
    THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF JOURNALISM ITALIAN WHITE-COLLAR CRIME IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA RICCARDO M. GHIA Spring 2010 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in Journalism with honors in Journalism Reviewed and approved by Russell Frank Associate Professor Honors Adviser Thesis Supervisor Russ Eshleman Senior Lecturer Second Faculty Reader ABSTRACT At the beginning of the 2000s, three factories in Asti, a small Italian town, went broke and closed in quick succession. Hundreds of men were laid off. After some time, an investigation mounted by local prosecutors began to reveal what led to bankruptcy. A group of Italian and Spanish entrepreneurs organized a scheme to fraudulently bankrupt their own factories. Globalization made production more profitable where manpower and machinery are cheaper. A well-planned fraudulent bankruptcy would kill three birds with one stone: disposing of non- competitive facilities, fleecing creditors and sidestepping Italian labor laws. These managers hired a former labor union leader, Silvano Sordi, who is also a notorious “fixer.” According to the prosecutors, Sordi bribed prominent labor union leaders of the CGIL (Italian General Confederation of Labor), the major Italian labor union. My investigation shows that smaller, local scandals were part of a larger scheme that led to the divestments of relevant sectors of the Italian industry. Sordi also played a key role in many shady businesses – varying from awarding bogus university degrees to toxic waste trafficking. My research unveils an expanded, loose network that highlights the multiple connections between political, economic and criminal forces in the Italian system.
    [Show full text]
  • Q27portada EN.Qxp
    27 Issue 27 QUA- January - April 2007 DERNS DEL CAC www.cac.cat Image and the right to ridicule Quaderns del CAC issue 27, January-April 2007 Contents .Introduction 2 E-mail: [email protected] .Monographic: Image and the right to ridicule Offence and free speech 3 Editorial board: Victòria Camps Victòria Camps i Cervera (editora), Jaume Serrats i Free speech in tolerant society: the case of the 13 Ollé, Dolors Comas d’Argemir i Cendra, Núria Mohammed cartoons Llorach i Boladeras, Rafael Jorba i Castellví, Daniel Gamper Sachse Santiago Ramentol i Massana The crisis of the Mohammed cartoons in the European 27 Union and the Mediterranean: contexts, reactions and media Director: Alain Blomart Josep Gifreu Between humour and uproar: satire and the view 37 of the west in the media of the Arab-Muslim world Executive director: José María Perceval Maria Corominas The Cartoons Controversy and the Danish Press 47 Mustafa Hussain General coordination: Mask-based fiction: the case of Polònia in Catalonia 59 Sylvia Montilla Jordi Balló Infosatire and democratisation on television 63 Sections: José Luis Valhondo Martí Petit (Books Review, Journals Review and Political satire in Italy: a successful television genre 71 Webs Review) Rossend Domènech Political satire in Germany: from the political Kabarett 79 Translation: of the thirties to Comedy TV Tracy Byrne Gemma Casadevall West Wing or Left Wing? The pedagogy of politics 87 Page Layout: in the masterly series of the United States Yago Díaz Vicent Partal Free speech and its limits 93 Legal
    [Show full text]
  • The Twenty Years' War: Gruppo Espresso V. Silvio Berlusconi
    Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche Cattedra di Comparative History of Political Systems THE TWENTY YEARS’ WAR: GRUPPO ESPRESSO V. SILVIO BERLUSCONI RELATORE CANDIDATO Prof. Giovanni Orsina Carlotta Stigliano Matricola n. 624692 CORRELATORE Prof.ssa Christine Vodovar ANNO ACCADEMICO 2015/2016 Alla mia famiglia, che mi ha sempre spinta a fare anche quello che non volevo così da farmi comprendere che invece ci sarei riuscita. A L., che c’è dal lontano 1998 ed è sempre ad una telefonata di distanza. A S., per i ricordi sui banchi di scuola, e quelli che verranno. A E., che detesta le dichiarazioni mielose, e quindi se le merita tutte. A V., perché condividere una stanza a Sansom West è stato più di condividere una stanza e papers di Stiglitz. A tutti gli amici di Roma (sapete chi siete) perché altrimenti non sarei quella che sono, e ad A. in particolare per avermi sopportata ed aiutata in qualsiasi circostanza. Agli amici con cui ho studiato, riso, mangiato, bevuto, ballato, viaggiato, giocato a biliardino e inveito contro le aule computer, agli amici con cui sono cresciuta in cinque e più anni. E a N., perché sai farmi ridere sempre. 2 CONTENTS Introduction page 4 Chapter one: The Segrate War 6 1.1 The “Twenty Years’ War”: protagonists and beginnings 6 1.2 Lodo Mondadori and the 1988-1991 period 10 1.3 The end of the millennium: new judicial discoveries 12 1.4 The new millennium and the long travail of judicial trials 16 Chapter two: The war on paper 23 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 The Duce archetype 24 2.3 Freedom of the press vs.
    [Show full text]