Coordinated Power Management in Heterogeneous Processors
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CFD Analyses of a Notebook Computer Thermal Management
PREPRINT. 1 Ilker Tari and Fidan Seza Yalçin, "CFD Analyses of a Notebook Computer Thermal Management System and a Proposed Passive Cooling Alternative, IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 443-452 (2010). CFD Analyses of a Notebook Computer Thermal Management System and a Proposed Passive Cooling Alternative Ilker Tari, and Fidan Seza Yalcin H Fin height, mm. Abstract— A notebook computer thermal management system L Heat sink vertical length, mm. is analyzed using a commercial CFD software package (ANSYS Nu Nusselt Number. Fluent). The active and passive paths that are used for heat Pr Prandtl Number. dissipation are examined for different steady state operating Ra Rayleigh Number. conditions. For each case, average and hot-spot temperatures of Re Reynolds Number. the components are compared with the maximum allowable T Temperature, °C or K. operating temperatures. It is observed that when low heat W Heat sink width, mm. dissipation components are put on the same passive path, the 2 increased heat load of the path may cause unexpected hot spot g Gravitational acceleration, m/s . 2 temperatures. Especially, Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is susceptible h Convection heat transfer coefficient, W/(m ·K). to overheating and the keyboard surface may reach k Thermal conductivity, W/(m·K). ergonomically undesirable temperatures. Based on the analysis q Heat transfer rate, W. results and observations, a new component arrangement s Fin spacing, mm. considering passive paths and using the back side of the LCD screen is proposed and a simple correlation based thermal Greek Symbols analysis of the proposed system is presented. -
AMD's Llano Fusion
AMD’S “LLANO” FUSION APU Denis Foley, Maurice Steinman, Alex Branover, Greg Smaus, Antonio Asaro, Swamy Punyamurtula, Ljubisa Bajic Hot Chips 23, 19th August 2011 TODAY’S TOPICS . APU Architecture and floorplan . CPU Core Features . Graphics Features . Unified Video decoder Features . Display and I/O Capabilities . Power Gating . Turbo Core . Performance 2 | LLANO HOT CHIPS | August 19th, 2011 ARCHITECTURE AND FLOORPLAN A-SERIES ARCHITECTURE • Up to 4 Stars-32nm x86 Cores • 1MB L2 cache/core • Integrated Northbridge • 2 Chan of DDR3-1866 memory • 24 Lanes of PCIe® Gen2 • x4 UMI (Unified Media Interface) • x4 GPP (General Purpose Ports) • x16 Graphics expansion or display • 2 x4 Lanes dedicated display • 2 Head Display Controller • UVD (Unified Video Decoder) • 400 AMD Radeon™ Compute Units • GMC (Graphics Memory Controller) • FCL (Fusion Control Link) • RMB (AMD Radeon™ Memory Bus) • 227mm2, 32nm SOI • 1.45BN transistors 4 | LLANO HOT CHIPS | August 19th, 2011 INTERNAL BUS . Fusion Control Link (FCL) – 128b (each direction) path for IO access to memory – Variable clock based on throughput (LCLK) – GPU access to coherent memory space – CPU access to dedicated GPU framebuffer . AMD Radeon™ Memory Bus (RMB) – 256b (each direction) for each channel for GMC access to memory – Runs on Northbridge clock (NCLK) – Provides full bandwidth path for Graphics access to system memory – DRAM friendly stream of reads and write – Bypasses coherency mechanism 5 | LLANO HOT CHIPS | August 19th, 2011 Dual-channel DDR3 Unified Video DDR3 UVD Decoder NB CPU CPU Graphics SIMD Integrated Integrated GPU, Display Northbridge Array Controller I/O Controllers L2 Display L2 I/OMultimedia Controllers L2 PCI Express I/O - 24 lanes, optional 1 MB L2 cache L2 I/O per core digital display interfaces CPU CPU Digital display interfaces 4 Stars-32nm PCIe CPU cores PPL Display PCIe PCIe Display 6 | LLANO HOT CHIPS | August 19th, 2011 CPU, GPU, UVD AND IO FEATURES STARS-32nm CPU CORE FEATURES . -
Small Form Factor 3D Graphics for Your Pc
VisionTek Part# 900701 PRODUCTIVITY SERIES: SMALL FORM FACTOR 3D GRAPHICS FOR YOUR PC The VisionTek Radeon R7 240SFF graphics card offers a perfect balance of performance, features, and affordability for the gamer seeking a complete solution. It offers support for the DIRECTX® 11.2 graphics standard and 4K Ultra HD for stunning 3D visual effects, realistic lighting, and lifelike imagery. Its Short Form Factor design enables it to fit into the latest Low Profile desktops and workstations, yet the R7 240SFF can be converted to a standard ATX design with the included tall bracket. With 2GB of DDR3 memory and award-winning Graphics Core Next (GCN) architecture, and DVI-D/HDMI outputs, the VisionTek Radeon R7 240SFF is big on features and light on your wallet. RADEON R7 240 SPECS • Graphics Engine: RADEON R7 240 • Video Memory: 2GB DDR3 • Memory Interface: 128bit • DirectX® Support: 11.2 • Bus Standard: PCI Express 3.0 • Core Speed: 780MHz • Memory Speed: 800MHz x2 • VGA Output: VGA* • DVI Output: SL DVI-D • HDMI Output: HDMI (Video/Audio) • UEFI Ready: Support SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS • PCI Express® based PC is required with one X16 lane graphics slot available on the motherboard. • 400W (or greater) power supply GCN Architecture: A new design for AMD’s unified graphics processing and compute cores that allows recommended. 500 Watt for AMD them to achieve higher utilization for improved performance and efficiency. CrossFire™ technology in dual mode. • Minimum 1GB of system memory. 4K Ultra HD Support: Experience what you’ve been missing even at 1080P! With support for 3840 x • Installation software requires CD-ROM 2160 output via the HDMI port, textures and other detail normally compressed for lower resolutions drive. -
ATI Radeon™ HD 3450 Video Guide
ATI Radeon™ HD 3450 High Definition HTPC for the masses Table of Contents Introduction................................................................................................. 3 Video Benchmarking Checklist ..................................................................... 7 How To Evaluate Video Playback Performance ............................................. 8 Video Playback Performance ...................................................................... 13 Appendix A: ATI Radeon™ HD 3450 based HTPC ........................................ 16 ©2007 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., AMD, The AMD arrow, Athlon, ATI, the ATI logo, Avivo, ATI Radeon™ HD 3450 - Video Review Guide 2 Catalyst, The Ultimate Visual Experience and Radeon are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Features, pricing, availability and specifications may vary by product model and are subject to change without notice. Products may not be exactly as shown. Not all features may be implemented by all manufacturers. Introduction High Definition (HD) content is gaining in popularity, driven by the increasing availability and affordability of HD-capable televisions, new releases of movies on HD media (Blu-rayTM & HD DVD) and a desire by consumers for a more immersive entertainment experience. It may be possible for consumers to upgrade their current PCs by adding new HD DVD and/or Blu-rayTM optical drives; however, the remaining PC components might lack the required processing capabilities for fully featured and smooth HD content playback. HD content presents -
AMD Firepro™Professional Graphics for CAD & Engineering and Media
AMD FirePro™Professional Graphics for CAD & Engineering and Media & Entertainment Performance at every price point. AMD FirePro professional graphics offer breakthrough capabilities that can help maximize productivity and help lower cost and complexity — giving you the edge you need in your business. Outstanding graphics performance, compute power and ultrahigh-resolution multidisplay capabilities allows broadcast, design and engineering professionals to work at a whole new level of detail, speed, responsiveness and creativity. AMD FireProTM W9100 AMD FireProTM W8100 With 16GB GDDR5 memory and the ability to support up to six 4K The new AMD FirePro W8100 workstation graphics card is based on displays via six Mini DisplayPort outputs,1 the AMD FirePro W9100 the AMD Graphics Core Next (GCN) GPU architecture and packs up graphics card is the ideal single-GPU solution for the next generation to 4.2 TFLOPS of compute power to accelerate your projects beyond of ultrahigh-resolution visualization environments. just graphics. AMD FireProTM W7100 AMD FireProTM W5100 The new AMD FirePro W7100 graphics card delivers 8GB The new AMD FirePro™ W5100 graphics card delivers optimized of memory, application performance and special features application and multidisplay performance for midrange users. that media and entertainment and design and engineering With 4GB of ultra-fast GDDR5 memory, users can tackle moderately professionals need to take their projects to the next level. complex models, assemblies, data sets or advanced visual effects with ease. AMD FireProTM W4100 AMD FireProTM W2100 In a class of its own, the AMD FirePro Professional graphics starts with AMD W4100 graphics card is the best choice FirePro W2100 graphics, delivering for entry-level users who need a boost in optimized and certified professional graphics performance to better address application performance that similarly- their evolving workflows. -
AMD Accelerated Parallel Processing Opencl Programming Guide
AMD Accelerated Parallel Processing OpenCL Programming Guide November 2013 rev2.7 © 2013 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. AMD, the AMD Arrow logo, AMD Accelerated Parallel Processing, the AMD Accelerated Parallel Processing logo, ATI, the ATI logo, Radeon, FireStream, FirePro, Catalyst, and combinations thereof are trade- marks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Microsoft, Visual Studio, Windows, and Windows Vista are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S. and/or other jurisdic- tions. Other names are for informational purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective owners. OpenCL and the OpenCL logo are trademarks of Apple Inc. used by permission by Khronos. The contents of this document are provided in connection with Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (“AMD”) products. AMD makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice. The information contained herein may be of a preliminary or advance nature and is subject to change without notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppel or other- wise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this publication. Except as set forth in AMD’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, AMD assumes no liability whatsoever, and disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to its products including, but not limited to, the implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or infringement of any intellectual property right. AMD’s products are not designed, intended, authorized or warranted for use as compo- nents in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or in other applications intended to support or sustain life, or in any other application in which the failure of AMD’s product could create a situation where personal injury, death, or severe property or envi- ronmental damage may occur. -
AMD Firepro™ W5000
AMD FirePro™ W5000 Be Limitless, When Every Detail Counts. Powerful mid-range workstation graphics. This powerful product, designed for delivering superior performance for CAD/CAE and Media workflows, can process Key Features: up to 1.65 billion triangles per second. This means during > Utilizes Graphics Core Next (GCN) to the design process you can easily interact and render efficiently balance compute tasks with your 3D models, while the competition can only process 3D workloads, enabling multi-tasking that is designed to optimize utilization up to 0.41 billion triangles per second (up to four times and maximize performance. less performance). It also offers double the memory > Unmatched application of competing products (2GB vs. 1GB) and 2.5x responsiveness in your workflow, the memory bandwidth. It’s the ideal solution whether in advanced visualization, for professionals working with a broad range of complex models, large data sets or applications, moderately complex models and datasets, video editing. and advanced visual effects. > AMD ZeroCore Power Technology enables your GPU to power down when your monitor is off. Product features: > AMD ZeroCore Power technology leverages > GeometryBoost—the GPU processes > Optimized and certified for major CAD and M&E AMD’s leadership in notebook power efficiency geometry data at a rate of twice per clock cycle, doubling the rate of primitive applications delivering 1 TFLOP of single precision and 80 to enable our desktop GPUs to power down and vertex processing. GFLOPs of double precision performance with when your monitor is off, also known as the > AMD Eyefinity Technology— outstanding reliability for the most demanding “long idle state.” Industry-leading multi-display professional tasks. -
Improving Resource Utilization in Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Systems
Improving Resource Utilization in Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Systems A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Virginia In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy (Computer Engineering) by Michael Boyer May 2013 c 2013 Michael Boyer Abstract Graphics processing units (GPUs) have attracted enormous interest over the past decade due to substantial increases in both performance and programmability. Programmers can potentially leverage GPUs for substantial performance gains, but at the cost of significant software engineering effort. In practice, most GPU applications do not effectively utilize all of the available resources in a system: they either fail to use use a resource at all or use a resource to less than its full potential. This underutilization can hurt both performance and energy efficiency. In this dissertation, we address the underutilization of resources in heterogeneous CPU-GPU systems in three different contexts. First, we address the underutilization of a single GPU by reducing CPU-GPU interaction to improve performance. We use as a case study a computationally-intensive video-tracking application from systems biology. Because of the high cost of CPU-GPU coordination, our initial, straightforward attempts to accelerate this application failed to effectively utilize the GPU. By leveraging some non-obvious optimization strategies, we significantly decreased the amount of CPU-GPU interaction and improved the performance of the GPU implementation by 26x relative to the best CPU implementation. Based on the lessons we learned, we present general guidelines for optimizing GPU applications as well as recommendations for system-level changes that would simplify the development of high-performance GPU applications. -
SAPPHIRE HD 6950 2GB GDDR5 Dirt3 Edition
SAPPHIRE HD 6950 2GB GDDR5 Dirt3 Edition The SAPPHIRE HD 6950 Dirt3 Special Edition is a new SAPPHIRE original model with a special cooler using a new dual fan configuration. Based on the latest high end AMD GPU architecture, it boasts true DX 11 capability and the powerful configuration of 1408 stream processors and 88 texture processing units. With its clock speed of 800MHz for the core and 2GB of the latest GDDR5 memory running at 1250Mhz (5 Gb/sec effective), this model speeds through even the most demanding applications for a smooth and detail packed experience. A Dual BIOS feature allows enthusiasts to experiment with alternative BIOS settings and performance can be further enhanced with the SAPPHIRE overclocking tool, TriXX, available as a free download from http://www.sapphiretech.com/ssc/TriXX/ System Overview Awards News Requirements Specification 1 x Dual-Link DVI 1 x HDMI 1.4a Output 1 x DisplayPort 1 x Single-Link DVI-D DisplayPort 1.2 800 MHz Core Clock GPU 40 nm Chip 1408 x Stream Processors 2048 MB Size Memory 256 -bit GDDR5 5000 MHz Effective Dimension 260(L)x110(W)x35(H) mm Size. Driver CD Software SAPPHIRE TriXX Utility 1 x Dirt®3 Coupon CrossFire™ Bridge Interconnect Cable DVI to VGA Adapter Accessory 6 PIN to 4 PIN Power Cable x 2 HDMI 1.4a high speed 1.8 meter cable(Full Retail SKU only) All specifications and accessories are subject to change without notice. Please check with your supplier for exact offers. Products may not be available in all markets. -
Sapphire Hd 7870 2Gb Gddr5 Xt with Boost
SAPPHIRE HD 7870 2GB GDDR5 XT WITH BOOST The SAPPHIRE HD 7870 XT with Boost delivers a new price:performance point to the series. It is based on AMD’s Tahiti architecture with its 256-bit memory interface, and 1536 stream processors and 96 Texture units, unlike the remainder of the HD 7800 series that uses the Pitcairn architecture. Configured with 2GB of high speed GDDR5 memory running at 1500 MHz (6GHz effective) the SAPPPHIRE HD 7870 XT has a core clock of 925MHz which dynamically rises to 975MHz with PowerTune Boost, AMDs dynamic performance enhancement for games. For enthusiasts wishing to maximise performance of this graphics card, the latest version of the SAPPHIRE overclocking tool, TriXX supports this technology and is available free to download from the SAPPHIRE website. SAPPHIRE TriXX allows tuning of GPU voltage as well as core and memory clocks, whilst continuously displaying temperature. Manual control of fan speed is supported, as well as user created fan profiles and the ability to save up to four different performance settings. Like66 Shop Now Overview System Requirements News Download Specification 1 x HDMI (with 3D) Output 2 x Mini-DisplayPort 1 x Dual-Link DVI-I Default:925 MHz Eclk; With Boost: 975 : MHz Core Clock GPU 28 nm Chip 1536 x Stream Processors 2048 MB Size Video Memory 256 -bit GDDR5 6000 MHz Effective 275(L)x115(W)x35(H) mm Size. Dimension 2 x slot Driver CD Software SAPPHIRE TriXX Utility CrossFire™ Bridge Interconnect Cable DVI to VGA Adapter Accessory Mini-DP to DP Cable 6 PIN to 4 PIN Power Cable x 2 Overview HDMI (with 3D) Support for Deep Color, 7.1 High Bitrate Audio, and 3D Stereoscopic, ensuring the highest quality Blu-ray and video experience possible from your PC. -
Desktop 3Rd Generation Intel® Core™ Processor Family, Desktop Intel® Pentium® Processor Family, Desktop Intel® Celeron® Processor Family, and LGA1155 Socket
Desktop 3rd Generation Intel® Core™ Processor Family, Desktop Intel® Pentium® Processor Family, Desktop Intel® Celeron® Processor Family, and LGA1155 Socket Thermal Mechanical Specifications and Design Guidelines (TMSDG) January 2013 Document Number: 326767-005 INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN INTEL'S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE AND/OR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. A “Mission Critical Application” is any application in which failure of the Intel Product could result, directly or indirectly, in personal injury or death. SHOULD YOU PURCHASE OR USE INTEL'S PRODUCTS FOR ANY SUCH MISSION CRITICAL APPLICATION, YOU SHALL INDEMNIFY AND HOLD INTEL AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES, SUBCONTRACTORS AND AFFILIATES, AND THE DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, AND EMPLOYEES OF EACH, HARMLESS AGAINST ALL CLAIMS COSTS, DAMAGES, AND EXPENSES AND REASONABLE ATTORNEYS' FEES ARISING OUT OF, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ANY CLAIM OF PRODUCT LIABILITY, PERSONAL INJURY, OR DEATH ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF SUCH MISSION CRITICAL APPLICATION, WHETHER OR NOT INTEL OR ITS SUBCONTRACTOR WAS NEGLIGENT IN THE DESIGN, MANUFACTURE, OR WARNING OF THE INTEL PRODUCT OR ANY OF ITS PARTS. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked “reserved” or “undefined”. -
Thermal Guide: Intel® Xeon® Processor E5 V4 Product Family
Intel® Xeon® Processor E5 v4 Product Family Thermal Mechanical Specification and Design Guide June 2016 Document Number: 333812-002 IntelLegal Lines and Disclaimerstechnologies’ features and benefits depend on system configuration and may require enabled hardware, software or service activation. Learn more at Intel.com, or from the OEM or retailer. No computer system can be absolutely secure. Intel does not assume any liability for lost or stolen data or systems or any damages resulting from such losses. You may not use or facilitate the use of this document in connection with any infringement or other legal analysis concerning Intel products described herein. You agree to grant Intel a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to any patent claim thereafter drafted which includes subject matter disclosed herein. No license (express or implied, by estoppal or otherwise) to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. The products described may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request. Intel disclaims all express and implied warranties, including without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement, as well as any warranty arising from course of performance, course of dealing, or usage in trade. Intel® Turbo Boost Technology requires a PC with a processor with Intel Turbo Boost Technology capability. Intel Turbo Boost Technology performance varies depending on hardware, software and overall system configuration. Check with your PC manufacturer on whether your system delivers Intel Turbo Boost Technology. For more information, see http://www.intel.com/technology/turboboost Copies of documents which have an order number and are referenced in this document may be obtained by calling 1-800-548- 4725 or by visiting www.intel.com/design/literature.htm.