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Origins of Black Catholic Parishes in the Archdiocese of New Orleans, 1718-1920

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Origins of Black Catholic Parishes in the Archdiocese of New Orleans, 1718-1920 Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1998 Origins of Black Catholic Parishes in the Archdiocese of New Orleans, 1718-1920. John Bernard Alberts Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Alberts, John Bernard, "Origins of Black Catholic Parishes in the Archdiocese of New Orleans, 1718-1920." (1998). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6775. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6775 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter free, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zed) Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ORIGINS OF BLACK CATHOLIC PARISHES IN THE ARCHDIOCESE OF NEW ORLEANS, 1718-1920 A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by John Bernard Alberts B.A., Louisiana State University, 1987 M.A., University of New Orleans, 1990 December 1998 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number; 9909817 UMI Microform 9909817 Copyright 1999, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Graduate study at the University of New Orleans under Jerah Johnson, Joseph Logsdon. Raphael Cassimere and Arnold Hirsch confirmed that south Louisiana had an important heritage that helped shape the history of the United States. Their reassurances, and particularly the interests of Professors Johnson and Logsdon in my development as a student, encouraged the tracking of information and forming of interpretations. The task of pursuing a story through all the information about south Louisiana’s impact on the United States, particularly its Catholicism, has been assisted by several archivists. Dr. Charles F. Nolan at the Archdiocesan of the Archives of New Orleans allowed me access to the Archdiocese’s private collections over a period of four years and continuously fulfilled all of my requests. Father Peter E. Hogan, a long-time Josephite missionary and historian opened the Josephite’s residence and archives in Baltimore on various occasions allowing me unlimited access to their huge- -and meticulously catalogued—collection of black Catholic materials. Sisters M. Roberta Smith and M. O’Rourke of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament in Bensalem, Pennsylvania gave me the opportunity to review their impressive collections. Sr. Boniface Adams and Sr. Eva Regina Martin at the Holy Family Sisters archives in New Orleans gave me several chances to examine their collections. Lester Sullivan at the Xavier University Archives not only filled me on stories and analyses of any and all topics, but was also a willing listener about the Catholic Church in Louisiana. II Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Wayne Everard of the Louisiana Collection at the New Orleans Public Library assisted my attempts to wade through the voluminous public materials. Mark Carleton at Louisiana State University worked at putting the accumulated information into a dissertation. Unfortunately. Professor Carleton passed away in 1994. but not before insisting upon sound scholarship and conceptions of Catholicism among other denominations in the American South. Donald Devore then took up the job of directing my dissertation and emphasized the African American community’s role in shaping Louisiana. Gaines Foster accepted a story that was well-developed, but needed improvement to make the dissertation presentable and acceptable. To Professor Foster I owe much gratitude for his patience in helping organize the story and monitoring the soundness of the argument. Of course, although all of the historians’ assistance was invaluable and contributed in large part to the creation of the dissertation, the final product is my responsibility. The interpretations, perspectives, and faults are my own. Perseverance and nurturing of my interest in the past and pursuit of history came from friends and family. My employers, the law partners at Stone. Pigman. Walther. Wittmarm & Hutchinson. L.L.P.. privileged me with a flexible work schedule that allowed me the time to take research trips, access local archives, and write the dissertation. Jack Belsom shared much of his research findings, materials and at times, when more was needed, took the time to help locate additional information. Stephen Ochs, all the way in Silver Springs. Maryland, kept encouraging me all along. Mary Hebert, a fellow student at UNO and LSU has always been there to iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. listen to me complain about the daily frustrations that arise in graduate school. Genevieve K. Jacques enthusiastically translated original documents from French. Denise Armstrong and Joan Anthony accepted the task of deciphering my handwritten notes and typing the manuscript. Claudia Seifert-Villalobos proofed the final draft. My special friend, Trinette M. Robichaux, translated documents. listened to my ideas, and generally put up with many inconveniences. I deeply appreciated all the help. Family was extremely important. My parents Roy and Myrtle Alberts gave me everything I needed to pursue this story. Siblings, Rebecca, Lisa, Lloyd and Kathleen respected the time and energy I put into this project. My brothers-in-law, Mike Quinn and Noel Darce became members of the family during the pursuit and always expressed an interest in my findings. To the greatest, and funniest, kids in the world, my nieces Kaitlin and Melissa and nephews Nathan, Matthew, and Brandon for showing that nothing should be taken too seriously. Finally, more than an acknowledgment, I will forever be thankful for everyone’s help in studying history. IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................. ii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... vi INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 ESTABUSHING THE UNIVERSAL CHURCH IN THE COLONIAL E R A ............................................................................. 15 2 CHALLENGES TO THE UNIVERSAL IDEAL, 1803-1861 . 54 3 AN ARCHDIOCESE DIVIDED, 1862-1866 100 4 ARCHDIOCESE REUNITED, 1867-1888 ................................. 143 5 FIRST BLACK CHURCH IN THE ARCHDIOCESE ............ 192 6 TOWARD WHITE PARISHES IN THE ARCHDIOCESE, 1897-1905 272 7 WHITE AND BLACK PARISHES IN THE ARCHDIOCESE, 1906-1920 312 EPILOGUE ............................................................................................................ 371 BIBUOGRAPHY .................................................................................................... 382 VITA ........................................................................................................................ 410 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT During the early eighteenth century.
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