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Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Analysis Revised January 2016

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Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Analysis Revised January 2016 COMPREHENSIVE EMERGENCY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION MANAGEMENT PLAN AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS CITY OF OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS REVISED JANUARY 2016 OLYMPIA FIRE DEPARTMENT, EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT DIVISION 100 EASTSIDE STREET, N. E., OLYMPIA, WA 98506 JANUARY 2016 PAGE 1 OF 48 COMPREHENSIVE EMERGENCY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION MANAGEMENT PLAN AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK. JANUARY 2016 PAGE 2 OF 48 COMPREHENSIVE EMERGENCY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION MANAGEMENT PLAN AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Analysis (HIVA) for the City of Olympia identifies various hazards in the region and then assesses the risk associated with each hazard. The City of Olympia Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, which facilitates each phase of emergency management, is built upon and designed to coordinate with this HIVA in accordance with WAC 118-30-060 (1) which states, “Each political subdivision must base its Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan on a hazard analysis.” This HIVA serves as a foundation for city planning including preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery activities and is a training tool, providing introductory knowledge of the hazards in City of Olympia. The data contained within the HIVA is not original, but extracted from many sources. The HIVA assesses potential hazards within the city, and surrounding areas with a focus on hazards that have the potential to cause large-scale disasters as well as hazards with less severe impacts that still require significant planning and response efforts to mitigate or neutralize. Even if the City of Olympia is not directly impacted by a hazard there is still a potential for significant indirect impact on the city as various critical infrastructure systems owned, operated, or utilized by the City extend beyond its borders. This interdependency is especially evident in the immediate communities of Lacey, Tumwater, and the greater Thurston County region. Not all conceivable hazards in the City of Olympia are identified and analyzed in this document; additional hazards may be added at a later time. Most hazards produce cascading effects or secondary hazards. For example, a snowstorm occurs as a primary hazard. As the snow melts it triggers urban flooding and landslides, secondary hazards. Additional secondary hazards develop as the landslides knock out the supports of a bridge that also carries power, water, and gas lines. These cascading effects can have a multiplying effect on the impacts of a hazard. The content and structure of the HIVA was developed using the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) 2008 “Local Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance” and the Risk Assessment Planning Requirements detailed in the Disaster Mitigation Act. Each requirement has been met through either the information contained within this document or the regional risk assessment. For more information refer to the Thurston County Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan. JANUARY 2016 PAGE 3 OF 48 COMPREHENSIVE EMERGENCY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION MANAGEMENT PLAN AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK. JANUARY 2016 PAGE 4 OF 48 COMPREHENSIVE EMERGENCY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION MANAGEMENT PLAN AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION II. COMMUNITY PROFILE III. GEOPHYSICAL HAZARDS A. Landslide B. Volcanic C. Earthquake D. Tsunami IV. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS A. Epidemic V. INTENTIONAL HAZARDS A. Civil Disturbance B. Terrorism VI. INFRASTRUCTURE HAZARDS A. Power Outage B. Hazardous Materials C. Structural Collapse Requiring Urban Search and Rescue D. Urban Fire VII. WEATHER AND CLIMATE HAZARDS A. Water Shortage B. Wildland Fire C. Flood D. Severe Weather E. Climate Change VIII. HAZARD MAPS JANUARY 2016 PAGE 5 OF 48 COMPREHENSIVE EMERGENCY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION MANAGEMENT PLAN AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK. JANUARY 2016 PAGE 6 OF 48 COMPREHENSIVE EMERGENCY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION MANAGEMENT PLAN AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS I. INTRODUCTION A. Purpose: The Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Analysis (HIVA) for the City of Olympia identifies various hazards in the region and then assesses the risk associated with each hazard. The City of Olympia Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, which facilitates each phase of emergency management, is built upon and designed to coordinate with this HIVA. A Hazard Mitigation Plan specific to the City of Olympia has also been developed off this HIVA and is included as an Annex in the Thurston County Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan. This HIVA serves as a foundation for city planning including preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery activities and is a training tool, providing introductory knowledge of the hazards in City of Olympia. The data contained within the HIVA is not original, but extracted from many sources. B. Scope: The HIVA assesses potential hazards within the city, and surrounding areas with a focus on hazards that have the potential to cause large-scale disasters as well as hazards with less severe impacts that still require significant planning and response efforts to mitigate or neutralize. Even if the City of Olympia is not directly impacted by a hazard there is still a potential for significant indirect impact on the city as various critical infrastructure systems owned, operated, or utilized by the City extend beyond its borders. This interdependency is especially evident in the immediate communities of Lacey, Tumwater, and the greater Thurston County region. 1. Not all conceivable hazards in the City of Olympia are identified and analyzed in this document; additional hazards may be added at a later time. 2. Within the broad category of natural hazards the following have been assessed as being outside the likelihood of major concern for the City of Olympia: a) Avalanches. b) Tornados. c) Hurricanes. d) Dense fog. e) Wind-driven dust and sand. 3. Within the broad category of human caused hazards a nuclear war has been assessed as outside the likelihood of major concern for the City of Olympia. JANUARY 2016 PAGE 7 OF 48 COMPREHENSIVE EMERGENCY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION MANAGEMENT PLAN AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS C. Authorities: 1. RCW 38.52.070: Each political subdivision of this state is hereby authorized and directed to establish a local organization or to be a member of a joint local organization for emergency management in accordance with the state comprehensive emergency management plan and program: Provided, that a political subdivision proposing such establishment shall submit its plan and program for emergency management to the state director and secure his or her recommendations thereon, and verification of consistency with the state comprehensive emergency management plan, in order that the plan of the local organization for emergency management may be coordinated with the plan and program of the state. 2. WAC 118-30-060 (1): Each political subdivision must base its Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan on a hazard analysis. 3. The content and structure of the HIVA was developed using the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) 2008 “Local Multi- Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance.” The Disaster Mitigation Act (DMA) Risk Assessment Planning Requirements must be met in order for this plan to receive a “satisfactory” score. Each requirement is met through either the information contained in the regional risk assessment or this local HIVA. For more information refer to the Thurston County Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan. D. Definitions: Within the HIVA, certain terminology appears that requires definition. The following definitions should be utilized in the context of this document. The adjective descriptors of high, moderate, and low used in each hazard's probability of occurrence, vulnerability, and risk assessment are consistent with the terms used in the regional assessment. The following terms are used in this document to analyze and summarize the risk of the hazards that threaten this jurisdiction: 1. Hazard: Any situation or circumstance either defined or perceived that has the potential of causing great damage to life, property, the economy, or the environment. 2. Risk: The probability that people, property, the environment, social and/or economic activity are susceptible to a hazard. Risk is the subjective estimate of the combination of any given hazard’s probability of occurrence and vulnerability. The overall threat posed by a hazard is assessed for the next 25 years. a) High: There is strong potential for a disaster of major proportions or the occurrence of multiple disasters of moderate proportions during the next 25 years. JANUARY 2016 PAGE 8 OF 48 COMPREHENSIVE EMERGENCY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION MANAGEMENT PLAN AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS b) Moderate: There is medium potential for a disaster of major proportions or the occurrence of multiple disasters of moderate proportions during the next 25 years. c) Low: There is little potential for a disaster of major proportions or the occurrence of multiple disasters of moderate proportions during the next 25 years. 3. Probability of Occurrence: The probability of a hazard impacting the jurisdiction within the next 25 years. a) High: There is great likelihood that a hazardous event will impact the jurisdiction within the next 25 years. b) Moderate: There is medium likelihood that a hazardous event will impact the jurisdiction within the next 25 years. c) Low: There is little likelihood that a hazardous event
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