Program Book

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Program Book IMFAR WELCOME Welcome to Toronto! We are very excited to have IMFAR back for the second time in Canada (eh!) and for the first time in the dynamic city of Toronto! We hope you will enjoy some of the attractions including the famous CN Tower, the historic St. Lawrence Market and the exciting entertainment district. There is a wonderful program planned for you. The Scientific Program Committee reviewed a record number of abstracts, and under the leadership of Drs. Stephen Scherer and Peter Szatmari, has planned what is sure to be an outstanding meeting. The keynote speakers will excite and inspire with new information and perspectives from research into autism and other fields of study. The Invited Educational Symposia cover diverse topics and integrate basic and clinical sciences, and the Oral and Poster sessions promise to be superb. Other highlights will include the Special Interest Group meetings, the ‘Meet the Experts’ luncheon for trainees, and the always popular Technology Poster Session. The Lifetime Achievement Award and Advocate Award presentations are sure to be memorable. We have also lined up some talented entertainers for the reception on Thursday night that you won’t want to miss! This year’s meeting would not have been possible without the tireless efforts of many special people. We would like to acknowledge and thank the INSAR Board for their support and guidance, as well as the Scientific Program Committee and the many abstract reviewers who have striven to ensure the excellence of the science presented at IMFAR. A special thank you goes to Joe Dymek of ConferenceDirect, whose invaluable assistance throughout the planning process was instrumental in making this meeting a success. We also thank the members of the Meeting Planning Committee for their many contributions, including their inspired efforts in planning an outstanding stakeholder preconference prior to the main meeting. Margaret Clarke David Nicholas Mayada Elsabbagh Adrienne Perry Suzanne Lanthier Margaret Spoelstra Once again, welcome to Toronto and enjoy every minute of your time here. Lonnie Zwaigenbaum Wendy Roberts Meeting Co-Chair Meeting Co-Chair TABLE OF CONTENTS Hotel Floor Maps ..................................................4 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE Schedule-At-A-Glance............................................6 Speaker-Ready Room .............................................8 In-Conjunction Events............................................9 Meeting Keynote Speakers ...............................................10 Information Awardees ...........................................................11 Special Interest Groups Listing............................11 Acknowledgments ...............................................13 Abstract Author Index.......................................111 Save the Date General Information...........................................171 Exhibitors Listing ..............................................173 2013 IMFAR Sponsorship ..................................Inside Back Cover Annual Meeting! Keynote Address.................................................15 Invited Educational Symposium.............................15 Oral Sessions .....................................................16 THURSDAY Poster Sessions .................................................18 MAY 17 Invited Educational Symposium.............................35 Oral Sessions .....................................................35 IMFAR 12th Poster Sessions .................................................37 Annual Meeting May 2 – 4, 2013 Special Interest Groups.......................................53 Kursaal Centre Keynote Address.................................................53 San Sebastian, Spain FRIDAY Invited Educational Symposium.............................54 Oral Sessions .....................................................54 MAY 18 Abstract submission will be Poster Sessions .................................................56 much earlier for this meeting. Invited Educational Symposium.............................70 Oral Sessions .....................................................71 Watch our website for details. Poster Sessions .................................................73 Scientific Panels..................................................86 www.autism-insar.org Special Interest Groups.......................................90 SATURDAY Keynote Address.................................................91 Invited Educational Symposium.............................91 MAY 19 Oral Sessions .....................................................92 Poster Sessions .................................................94 Invited Educational Symposium...........................108 Oral Sessions ...................................................108 Data presented at the Annual International Meeting for Autism Research (IMFAR) is the sole responsibility of the authors. The sponsor of the Annual Meeting, the International Society for Autism Research (INSAR), takes no responsibility for its accuracy. Submitted IMFAR abstracts are reviewed only to ensure that the authors will be presenting empirical data and that aims and conduct of the study, as far as can be ascertained, are consistent with international ethical guidelines for scientific research (Declaration of Helsinki). Acceptance of an abstract for presentation at the Meeting does not represent an endorsement by the Society of the quality or accuracy of the data and their interpretation, which judgment must await publication in a peer review journal. Consumers should recognize that study data presented at meetings is often preliminary and in some cases speculative, and that findings and conclusions have not undergone the rigors of a true peer review process. 1 SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM The Meeting in San Diego 2011 marked the end of IMFAR’s first decade. This meeting in Toronto 2012 marks the start of our second. From this new beginning derives the theme of what we hope will be an exciting, informative and stimulating meeting for autism researchers from around the world. This conference “looks ahead to the next decade of autism research”. We hope that speakers and participants will ask questions such as: “where do we want to be at the end of this next decade”, “how are we going to get there”, “what are the barriers that need to be overcome”, and “what are the opportunities that we need to take advantage of?” We hope that you will be able to obtain the answers to some, if not all, of these questions as you attend the Conference in this wonderful city. It is remarkable to take a moment and think back over the last decade of IMFAR meetings. We started out largely as a North American group of researchers with a heavy interest in developmental psychopathology. The face of autism research has changed dramatically in this last decade to include scientists who come from disciplines that at first glance have only a marginal relationship with autism. We suspect that when these scientists started their careers they probably never thought they would work in the autism field (and that is certainly the case for one of us!). It is the influx of these scientists with their methods, ideas and technologies and their commitment to multidisciplinary and interprofessional collaboration that has led to the explosion of knowledge in our field and to the asking of more subtle, relevant, and important questions. Transferring these ideas and experiences to our students and trainees is another critical goal of our meeting and we hope you take a special interest in their presentations and posters. In this spirit of looking outward, we have chosen keynote speakers who have some familiarity with autism but are largely known for their significant contributions to other areas. We firmly believe they can bring a new perspective to the next decade of autism research. We have asked each of them to provide a historical summary of where their field has come from, to briefly summarize the current situation, and to highlight important avenues for collaboration and “cross-talk” over the next decade. We have attempted to provide educational symposia that are innovative and also highlight emerging fields. We have also attempted to broaden the scope of our panels to reflect this growing multi-disciplinary work. This year the number of submissions for scientific panels and posters far exceeded our available slots and so acceptance was more competitive. We see this as a positive step and a recognition of the accelerated pace of international, world class science taking place in our field. We hope that you enjoy the conference, that you enjoy meeting old friends and making new ones, and more importantly, that you come away energized, informed and ready to embark on the next decade’s work of scientific enterprise. Much has been accomplished, but much remains to be done. We want to take a moment and recognize the incredible work of the Program Committee (see listing on page 14 for committee members and abstract reviewers) who helped us decide which submissions to accept, where to place them, and how to get the most out of a day where sessions complement each other. Their dedication to the scientific enterprise of our organization is truly remarkable. We also need to thank the staff at INSAR, especially Jennifer Gentry, who kept us on a tight leash as we tried to meet deadlines and the staff at Confex, especially Richelle Topping, who made the job of designing this program manageable. Being a scientist means always trying to stay on
Recommended publications
  • Smoke Communication Strategy and Appendices 2007
    A W F C G S M O K E E D U C A T I O N C Smoke Education Communication Strategy O M v.2007 M U N I C A T I O N S Approved: Date: T R A _____________________________ __________________ T AWFCG Chair E G Y v.2007 AWFCG Smoke Education Communications Strategy Page 2 of 11 02/26/07 Table of Contents Section Page / Appendix Purpose 3 Background 3 Communication Goals 3 General Audiences 3 Strategy 4 Tactics 5 Success 6 Tools and Products 6 Target Audiences 6 Target Media 8 Appendices 11 News Release A Key Messages B Talking Points C Public Service Announcement D Poster E Flyer F Web Site Plan G Display Panel 1 H Display Panel 2 I v.2007 AWFCG Smoke Education Communications Strategy Page 3 of 11 02/26/07 Purpose To provide members of the Alaska Wildland Fire Coordinating Group (AWFCG) with a communication strategy to engage the public in smoke information from wildland fires which include prescribe fires, fire use and wildfires, occurring in the State of Alaska. Background The increase in smoke throughout Alaska during the 2004 and 2005 fire seasons hampered fire suppression operations, aviation operations, motor vehicle operations, tourism and recreation. This strategy provides a collective approach to informing the public about smoke-related issues. Communication Goals · Develop a set of key messages to be used by AWFCG member organizations in order to project one voice in a unified effort regarding smoke issues and mitigation measures. · Provide focused communication products that support the communication goals of this strategy.
    [Show full text]
  • Last Frontier Mediactive, LLC KFAR (AM), KWLF (FM), KTDZ (FM), KXLR (FM), KCBF (AM) October 1, 2011 –September 30, 2012
    Last Frontier Mediactive, LLC KFAR (AM), KWLF (FM), KTDZ (FM), KXLR (FM), KCBF (AM) October 1, 2011 –September 30, 2012 Full-Time Positions Filled Full-Time Position Title Date Filled Recruitment Source(s) utilized to fill the Number Number Hired Position vacancy (including organizations entitled to Interviewed notification)* 1 Administrative 12/19/2011 Fairbanks Daily News Miner 1 0 Assistant/Front Desk http://classifiednewsminer.com Career website 0 0 www.postjobfree.com 0 0 Alaska Job Center - Alexsys 2 0 Last Frontier Mediactive Websites 1 0 ( 5 station websites) Fairbankshelpwanted.com 0 0 www.craigslist.com 1 0 www.todays-classifieds.com 0 0 TDL Professional Staffing, Inc. 1 1 2 Advertising 12/20/2011 Fairbankshelpwanted.com 1 0 Consultant-Sales Alaska Job Center - Alexsys 0 0 Alaska Broadcasters Association website 2 1 www.craigslist.com 1 0 www.postjobfree.com 0 0 www.todays-classifieds.com 0 0 www.allaccess.com 0 0 3 Traffic Director 1/4/2012 Fairbankshelpwanted.com 1 0 Alaska Job Center - Alexsys 1 0 www.craigslist.com 1 0 www.postjobfree.com 0 0 www.todays-classifieds.com 0 0 Traffic Directors Guild of America 2 1 www.tdga.org Alaska Broadcasters Association website 0 0 Page 1 of 4 4 Advertising 1/30/2012 Fairbanks Daily News Miner 3 1 Consultant-Sales Fairbankshelpwanted.com 1 0 Alaska Job Center - Alexsys 0 0 www.craigslist.com 0 0 www.postjobfree.com 0 0 www.todays-classifieds.com 0 0 5 Program 9/24/2012 Fairbankshelpwanted.com 0 0 Director/Morning Show Host Alaska Broadcasters Association website 2 1 www.craigslist.com 1 0 www.postjobfree.com 0 0 www.todays-classifieds.com 0 0 All Access Job Board 2 0 Allaccess.com Broadcast Center 0 0 Charter College 0 0 Myaircheck.com 0 0 * See Attached List of Recruitment Sources for Contact Information Information Regarding Recruitment Sources Contacted for Full-Time Vacancies No.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects and Feasibility of Using Tiered Instruction to Increase Conversational Turn Taking for Preschoolers with and Without Disabilities
    THE EFFECTS AND FEASIBILITY OF USING TIERED INSTRUCTION TO INCREASE CONVERSATIONAL TURN TAKING FOR PRESCHOOLERS WITH AND WITHOUT DISABILITIES A dissertation submitted to the Kent State University College and Graduate School of Education, Health, and Human Services in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Sandra Hess Robbins May 2013 © Copyright, 2013 by Sandra Hess Robbins All Rights Reserved ii A dissertation written by Sandra Hess Robbins B.S.Ed., University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, 2002 M.Ed., Kent State University, 2006 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2013 Approved by ____________________, Co-director, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Kristie Pretti-Frontcak ____________________, Co-director, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Sanna Harjusola-Webb ____________________, Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Christine Balan ____________________, Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Richard Cowan Accepted by ____________________, Director, School of Lifespan Development and Educational Mary Dellman-Jenkins Sciences ____________________, Dean, College of Education, Health, and Human Services Daniel F. Mahony iii ROBBINS, SANDRA HESS, Ph.D., May 2013 Lifespan Development and Educational Sciences THE EFFECTS AND FEASIBILITY OF USING TIERED INSTRUCTION TO INCREASE CONVERSATIONAL TURN TAKING FOR PRESCHOOLERS WITH AND WITHOUT DISABILITIES (282 pp.) Co-Directors of Dissertation: Kristie Pretti-Frontczak, Ph.D. Sanna Harjusola-Webb, Ph.D. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness and feasibility of using tiered instruction to increase the frequency of conversational turn taking (CTT) among preschoolers with and without disabilities in an inclusive setting. Three CTT interventions (Universal Design for Learning, Peer Mediated Instruction, and Milieu Teaching) were organized on a hierarchy of intensity and implemented in an additive manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Al Bramstedt Nov
    Archives and Special Collections, Consortium Library, University of Alaska Anchorage. HMC-0859. Hilary J. Hilscher Alaska telecommunications history project records. Series 3: Oral history recordings transcripts. Al Bramstedt Nov. 9, 2001 Interviewed by Hilary Hilscher Tape 3, Side A Hilary: It is the 9th of November today and I‟m talking with Al Bramstedt in his office. Al, it was fun listening to the tapes again. I want to pick up a little bit on what we touched on in July, which is that competition was with Augie, first, Channel 11 and to some extent Channel 13. What about the bigger picture of competition as cable started to come in… as there has just been a span of competition here that has changed since you first started out in radio even. Al: In the early days of television, the radio market was actually sales in radio and the performance in radio was actually pretty good. KENI radio – it‟s billing was often greater than television. My father and the people he had there were excellent radio broadcasters. Television was kind of like a new member in the family and they were trying to get an understanding (of it). Plus if you go back to the 50‟s and 60‟s, in the 50‟s, in the 60‟s, and all the way up until ‟84 everything was on (tape) delay. Until April 1 of ‟84… One of the significant dates (in Alaska TV history was when) Channel 2 here in Anchorage got its network programming on satellite. Well, before that, network programming aired on a delay.
    [Show full text]
  • Profile of Cybersecurity Talent” Provides More Detail on Their Defining Characteristics
    CYBERSECURITY The BIG GAP in TALENT Cyber Protection Eight Recommendations for How Organizations Can Bridge the Cybersecurity Talent Gap Digital Transformation Institute By Capgemini Digital Transformation Institute 2 Cybersecurity Talent: The Big Gap in Cyber Protection There are many dimensions to effective cyber-risk management and protection— from strategy and operations, to governance and culture—but one of the biggest problems is simply the lack of talent. Those companies that are able to attract and retain cybersecurity talent will be much more successful in managing digital risk and profiting from the digital opportunity. In our 2017 research with LinkedIn, “The Digital Talent Gap—Are Companies Doing Enough?” we looked at how the digital talent gap has widened and what needs to happen for organizations to tackle this critical issue. This latest research builds on what we learned but focuses on cybersecurity talent, a skill set that is in low supply and in particularly high demand. We have: • Surveyed over 1,200 senior executives and front-line employees • Interviewed key experts, drawn from academia, cybersecurity associations, and the recruitment sector • Analyzed social media sentiment of around 8,400 current and former employees at 53 cybersecurity firms. The research methodology at the end of the report provides more detail on our approach. In this report, we offer eight key recommendations for organizations to address two key priorities. • Priority One: Stepping up the acquisition of cybersecurity talent • Priority Two: Improving
    [Show full text]
  • IN the UNITED STATES COURT of FEDERAL CLAIMS OFFICE of SPECIAL MASTERS No. 01-162V Filed: February 12, 2009 to Be Published
    IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF FEDERAL CLAIMS OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS No. 01-162V Filed: February 12, 2009 To Be Published * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * COLTEN SNYDER, by and through * KATHRYN SNYDER and JOSEPH SNYDER, * his natural guardians and next friends * Omnibus Autism * Proceeding; * Autism Spectrum Disorder, * Pervasive Developmental * Disorder, Causation, Petitioners, * Measles, MMR, Mercury, * Thimerosal, Waiver v. * Applying Daubert, * Weight of Expert Opinions, SECRETARY OF THE DEPARTMENT * Credibility of Witnesses OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, * * Respondent. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Christopher W. Wickersham, Sr., Esq., Lloyd Bowers, Esq., and Thomas B. Powers, Esq., for petitioners. Alexis S. Babcock, Esq., Katherine Esposito, Esq., Voris Johnson, Esq., and Vincent Matanoski, Esq., U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent. DECISION1 Vowell, Special Master: On March 22, 2001, Kathryn and Joseph Snyder [“petitioners”] filed a petition for compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 42 U.S.C. 1 Vaccine Rule 18(b) provides the parties 14 days to request redaction of any material “(i) which is trade secret or commercial or financial information which is privileged and confidential, or (ii) which are medical files and similar files, the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy.” 42 U.S.C. § 300aa12(d)(4)(B). Petitioners have waived their right to request such redaction. See Petitioners’ Notice to W aive the 14-Day “W aiting” Period as Defined in Vaccine Rule 18(b), filed December 2, 2008. Respondent also waived the right to object to the disclosure of information submitted by respondent. See Respondent’s Consent to Disclosure, filed January 14, 2009. Accordingly, this decision will be publicly available immediately after it is filed.
    [Show full text]
  • Women with High Functioning ASD: Relationships and Sexual Health
    Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2020 Women with High Functioning ASD: Relationships and Sexual Health Isabelle Taylor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses Part of the Developmental Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Taylor, Isabelle, "Women with High Functioning ASD: Relationships and Sexual Health" (2020). CMC Senior Theses. 2553. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2553 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Claremont McKenna College Women with High Functioning ASD: Relationships and Sexual Health A Literature Review and Proposed Workshop Manual Submitted to Professor Caitlyn Gumaer By Isabelle Taylor for Senior Thesis 2020 November 30 Table of Contents Author’s Note.................................................................................................................................. 1 Abstract........................................................................................................................................... 2 Literature Review.................................................................................................................... 3 - 38 Symptoms and Diagnosis.............................................................................................. 3 - 7 Gender Differences.....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • IMFAR 2010 Disclosure Report *Indicates Presenting Author
    IMFAR 2010 Disclosure Report *indicates presenting author Final Name Title Relationships Number 104.005 * R. B. Beaumont The Secret Agent Society: A Multimedia The Social Skills Training Institute: Curriculum for Enhancing the Social Skills of Employment (full or part-time) Children with Asperger's Disorder The Social Skills Training Institute: Receipt of royalties 104.007 R. L. Koegel Type, Function, and Complexity of Koegel Autism Consultants: Ownership or Language Gains in Young Children with partnership Autism Spectrum Disorder Following Behavioral Intervention 104.007 L. K. Koegel Type, Function, and Complexity of Koegel Autism Consultants: Ownership or Language Gains in Young Children with partnership Autism Spectrum Disorder Following Behavioral Intervention 104.008 R. L. Koegel Using the Tools of the Trade: The ADOS as a Koegel Autism Consultants: Ownership or Measure of Treatment Change partnership 104.008 L. K. Koegel Using the Tools of the Trade: The ADOS as a Koegel Autism Consultants: Ownership or Measure of Treatment Change partnership 105.002 A. S. Carter Relationship Between Sensory Over- Alice S. Carter: Receipt of royalties Responsivity and Anxiety in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: 105.007 A. S. Carter Early Sensory Over-Responsivity and Alice S. Carter: Receipt of royalties Affective Symptoms of Children with ASD and Later Family Impairment 105.01 A. M. Wetherby Early Red Flags for Autism Spectrum Author: Other: AW is an author of the Disorders in Toddlers in the Home Early Screening for Autism and Environment Communication Disorders (ESAC) Author: Non-remunerative Brookes Publishing: Other: AW is an author of the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales (CSBS) Brookes Publishing: Receipt of royalties 105.011 W.
    [Show full text]
  • Media Fact Sheet – 2018 Auticon Is a Unique IT Consultancy and Social Enterprise, Which Exclusively Employs Autistic Adults As IT Consultants
    Media fact sheet – 2018 auticon is a unique IT consultancy and social enterprise, which exclusively employs autistic adults as IT consultants. Autistic adults often have exceptional talents in logic, attention to detail, accuracy and pattern recognition. Many have a strong interest in IT, physics, mathematics and technology. To ensure our consultants can work to their full potential, auticon provides them with qualified job coaches and line managers. Clients receive outstanding quality of work in the areas of IT and compliance; autistic adults benefit from employment opportunities that match their unique gifts and characteristics. Pictured: Head of recruitment Antonia Leeb with consultant Tom Cowley at the company’s London office Service portfolio 1. Quality management, testing and automation 2. Application development (Java, C++, C#, PHP, ABAP and many more) 3. Database development (SQL, DWH, ETL, modelling and many more) 4. Data analysis/reporting (BI, analytics, statistics etc.) 5. Security, compliance, process management, migration, added value (SAP) Clients/industry sectors Companies with complex processes and data/infrastructure: Banks, finance, telecommunications, insurance, manufacturing, trade, IT, transport, post and media. Relevant business segments IT, quality management, finance, controlling, risk management, software development, business development, R&D, administration and others. Some of our investors and supporters Sir Richard Branson/Virgin Group, Sir David Walker, Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, Esmee Fairbairn Foundation, Susanne & Felix Porsche, Stephen Brenninkmeijer. Company timeline Founded by Dirk Müller-Remus in Berlin on 21 November 2011 with investment from the London- and Munich-based Ananda Social Venture Fund, auticon is the first enterprise that exclusively employs adults on the autism spectrum as IT consultants.
    [Show full text]
  • AR No. IR No. EIELSON AFB ALASKA Administrative Record Cover Sheet
    AR No. IR No. EIELSON AFB ALASKA NOTES: Administrative Record Cover Sheet Quarterly Federal Facilities Agreement Progress Report Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska 10 July 2012 Remedial, Removal, and Investigation Activities: Conducted Remedial Project Manager (RPM) meetings as follows: 9 April 2012 – Installation Wide Monitoring Program (IWMP) Well Placement and RTCs Meeting; 11 April 2012 – IWMP Draft RTCs and Well Placement Meeting; 19 April 2012 – Restoration Advisory Board (RAB) Meeting; 23 April 2012 – WP45/SS57 v3 Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) and Remedial Investigation (RI)/Feasibility Study (FS) Management Plan Discussion; 27 April 2012 – RPM Monthly Meeting; 31 May 2012 – RPM Monthly Meeting; 27 June 2012 – RPM Monthly Meeting; 28 June 2012 – ROD Addendum/TI Waiver/Turbidity/ST 48 Compliance Discussions; and, 29 June 2012 – IWMP RTCs Discussion. Approved minutes are available for this quarter on SharePoint for the following meetings: o 9 April 2012 – IWMP Well Placement Meeting o 11 April 2012 – IWMP Well Placement and RTCs Meeting o 19 April 2012 – RAB Meeting o 27 April 2012 – RPM Monthly Meeting o 31 May 2012 – RPM Monthly Meeting The normal seasonal pause in field work continued this quarter with limited field effort late in the quarter. Contract awarded for Eielson IWMP work to EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc. Contract awarded on 10 May 2012. Reviewed 41 Work / Excavation Clearance Requests, 50 Base Civil Engineer Work Requests, and 10 Projects for land use controls conflicts during the quarter. Total year to date of 80 Work / Excavation Clearance Requests, 296 Base Civil Engineer Work Requests, and 36 Projects for land use controls conflicts.
    [Show full text]
  • Immune Dysfunction and Autoimmunity As Pathological Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorders
    REVIEW published: 13 November 2018 doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00405 Immune Dysfunction and Autoimmunity as Pathological Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorders Heather K. Hughes 1,2, Emily Mills Ko 1,2, Destanie Rose 1,2 and Paul Ashwood 1,2* 1 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States, 2 MIND Institute, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of heterogeneous neurological disorders that are highly variable and are clinically characterized by deficits in social interactions, communication, and stereotypical behaviors. Prevalence has risen from 1 in 10,000 in 1972 to 1 in 59 children in the United States in 2014. This rise in prevalence could be due in part to better diagnoses and awareness, however, these together cannot solely account for such a significant rise. While causative connections have not been proven in the majority of cases, many current studies focus on the combined effects of genetics and environment. Strikingly, a distinct picture of immune dysfunction has emerged and been supported by many independent studies over the past decade. Many players in the immune-ASD puzzle may be mechanistically contributing to pathogenesis of these disorders, including skewed cytokine responses, differences in total numbers and frequencies of immune cells and their subsets, neuroinflammation, and adaptive and Edited by: innate immune dysfunction, as well as altered levels of immunoglobulin and the presence Jijun Li, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China of autoantibodies which have been found in a substantial number of individuals with Reviewed by: ASD. This review summarizes the latest research linking ASD, autoimmunity and immune Andreas Martin Grabrucker, dysfunction, and discusses evidence of a potential autoimmune component of ASD.
    [Show full text]
  • Different Minds
    DIFFERENT MINDS if there’s one thing Ralph Or not. the fact that there are few AN INFECTIOUS THEORY Adolphs wants you to under- absolutes is part of why the set of dis- Much of that insight comes from Pat- stand about autism, it’s this: “it’s orders—autism, Asperger’s, pervasive terson, who pioneered the study of the wrong to call many of the people developmental disorder not otherwise connections between the brain and the on the autism spectrum impaired,” says specified (PDD-NOS)—that fall under immune system in autism, schizophrenia, the Caltech neuroscientist. “they’re autism’s umbrella are referred to as and depression a decade ago. simply different.” a spectrum. As with the spectrum of the main focus of that connection? these differences are in no way insig- visible light—where red morphs into Some kind of viral infection during preg- nificant—they are, after all, why so much orange, which morphs into yellow— nancy, Patterson explains. Or, rather, the effort and passion is being put into un- it is difficult to draw sharp lines immune response that infection inevitably derstanding autism’s most troublesome between the various diagnoses in engenders. traits—but neither are they as inevitably the autism spectrum. to bolster his argument, Patterson devastating as has often been depicted. And, like the autism spectrum itself, points to a recent study by hjordis O. they are simply differences; intriguing, the spectrum of autism research at Atladottir of Aarhus University, Denmark, fleeting glimpses into minds that work in Caltech also runs a gamut. Adolphs, and colleagues—“an extraordinary look at ways most of us don’t quite understand, for example, studies brain differences over 10,000 autism cases” in the Danish and yet which may ultimately give each between adults on the high-functioning Medical Register, which is a comprehen- and every one of us a little more insight portion of the autism spectrum and the sive database of every Dane’s medical into our own minds, our own selves.
    [Show full text]