Transformative Theological Perspectives
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TLC 6 TLC TheOLOGY in the Life OF the Church Vol. 6 How can Scripture and Lutheran theological understandings be reinterpreted in an increasingly interreligious and threatened world? How can theology be further developed in ways that are transformative of personal, social and global realities today? In this book, theologians from around the world engage challenges such as these by developing hermeneutical Transformative Theological Perspectives and theological perspectives on creation, soteriology, pneumatology, ecclesiology and eschatology, as well as drawing upon other disciplines. This final volume in the TLC series brings together some of the papers presented at the concluding 2009 consultation in Augsburg, Germany. Contributors include: Niels-Henrik Gregersen (Denmark), Hans- Peter Grosshans (Germany), Guillermo Hansen (Argentina/USA), Eva Harasta (Germany), Motoo Ishi (Japan), Allen Jorgenson (Canada), Kristin Johnston Largen (USA), Monica Melanchthon (India), Girma Mohammed (Ethiopia/Netherlands), Duane Transformative Priebe (USA), J. Paul Rajashekar (India/USA), Barbara Rossing (USA), Vítor Westhelle (Brazil/USA), Dean Zweck (Australia). Theological The editor, Karen L. Bloomquist, directs the Department for Theology and Studies, LWF, Geneva, Switzerland. Perspectives LUTHERAN UNIVERSITY PRESS The Lutheran World Federation – A Communion of Churches ISBN (Europe) 978-3-905676-90-7 DTS-TLC06-Cover.indd 1 26/02/2010 08:53:27 AM Transformative Theological Perspectives Karen L. Bloomquist, Editor on behalf of The Lutheran World Federation – A Communion of Churches Lutheran University Press Minneapolis, Minnesota Theology in the Life of the Church series Being the Church in the Midst of Empire. Trinitarian Reflections, Karen L. Bloomquist (ed.) Deepening Faith, Hope and Love in Relations with Neighbors of Other Faiths, Simone Sinn (ed.) Identity, Survival Witness. Reconfiguring Theological Agendas, Karen L. Bloomquist (ed.) Lutherans Respond to Pentecostalism, Karen L. Bloomquist (ed.) Theological Practices that Matter, Karen L. Bloomquist (ed.) Transformative Theological Perspectives, Karen L. Bloomquist (ed.) Transformative Theological Perspectives Theology in the Life of the Church, vol. 6 Karen L. Bloomquist, Editor on behalf of the Lutheran World Federation Copyright © 2009, Lutheran University Press and The Lutheran World Federation. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in articles and reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior permission. Editorial assistance and layout: LWF/Department for Theology and Studies Design: LWF/Office of Communication Services Artwork on cover: LWF/Office of Communication Services. Photo © LWF/D.-M. Grötzsch Published by Lutheran University Press under the auspices of: The Lutheran Word Federation—A Communion of Churches 150, rte de Ferney, P O Box 2100 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland This book is also available in certain European bookstores using ISBN 978-3-905676-90-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Transformative theological perspectives / Karen L. Bloomquist, editor, on behalf of The Lutheran World Federation. p. cm. -- (Theology in the life of the church) ISBN-13: 978-1-932688-44-3 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-932688-44-7 (alk. paper) 1. Lutheran Church--Doctrines--Congresses. I. Bloomquist, Karen L., 1948- II. Lutheran World Federation. BX8065.3.T73 2009 230’.41--dc22 2009049559 Lutheran University Press, PO Box 390759, Minneapolis, MN 55439 Printed in Switzerland by SRO Kundig, Geneva Contents 5 Introduction Karen L. Bloomquist 11 A Common Theological Perspective in a Diverse Global Communion? Hans-Peter Grosshans 23 Resistance, Adaptation or Challenge: The Versatility of the Lutheran Code Guillermo Hansen 39 Diversity in the Bible as a Model for Lutheran Hermeneutics Barbara R. Rossing 51 Marginal Readings: Implications for a Lutheran Hermeneutic and Communion Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon 69 “Whoever Hears You Hears Me”: Hearing the Voice of Christ as We Listen to One Another Interpret the Bible Dean Zweck 83 A Critical Look at the Ethiopian “Wax and Gold” Tradition Girma Mohammed 91 Mutual Fecundation: The Creative Interplay of Texts and New Contexts Duane A. Priebe 105 Rethinking Lutheran Engagement with Religious Plurality J. Paul Rajashekar 117 Luther’s Perspectives on the Communio Sanctorum in Dialogue with Traditional Japanese Spirituality Motoo Ishii 4 Transformative Theological Perspectives 127 What God has Created will not be Lost: Toward a More Inclusive Soteriology Kristin Johnston Largen 139 Pluriform Unity in Christ: Lutheran Ecclesiology and the Challenges of Religious Pluralism Eva Harasta 155 On the Art of Properly Distinguishing Law from Law Allen G. Jorgenson 167 Deep Incarnation: The Logos Became Flesh Niels Henrik Gregersen 183 Speaking for the Church—Speaking to the Church Vítor Westhelle 193 Lutheran Theology in the Future? Karen L. Bloomquist 5 Introduction Karen L. Bloomquist This final volume in the Theology in the Life of the Church series, is the second book of articles based on papers that were presented and discussed at the March 2009 global theological consultation, “Transformative Per- spectives and Practices Today” in Augsburg, Germany (hereafter, Augsburg 2009). Whereas the previous volume focused on theological practices that matter in various contexts around the world, this volume presents various constructive hermeneutical and theological proposals intended to further the development of Lutheran theological insights that are transformative in relation to new contexts and challenges today. “Transformative” implies first how a theological legacy is continually changing, rather than remaining static. Second, it suggests that through our interaction with those who are different from us, or foreign to our context, we ourselves are decisively changed through the transformative power of the gospel. Third, this leads to injustice, exclusion, suffering and meaninglessness being transformed, in both church and society. The transformative theological perspectives developed here challenge the assumption that Lutheran theology is inevitably European (especially Germanic) in its logic, conceptualization and tradition, which others can participate in on terms that remain foreign to them and their contexts. How then can others participate in a set of assumptions, ways of being, anthropology or worldview that are not their own and in some ways continue to feel “foreign”? With the ongoing, postmodern decentering of universals, especially of European discourses, we begin to discern a grammar or code that “transcends” the particularity of its founding context. There are central dynamics in Lutheran theology that are continually upsetting, challenging and provoking us to think beyond certain categories and our tendency to domesticate the faith. At the same time, we realize that in the Bible those who are marginalized or “different” often become the very means through which God’s purpose is glimpsed. The articles in this book develop constructive theological responses to at least three pervasive concerns today: (1) the growing awareness of dif- ferences or diversity, which sometimes are feared to threaten unity; (2) the problem of Christian exclusiveness in the face of religious pluralism; and (3) the tendency to separate redemption from creation, or humans from the rest of creation. 6 Transformative Theological Perspectives Hans-Peter Grosshans underlines how essential theology is in the life of the church—by being creative, constructive and critical. While acknowledging that theology is inevitably contextual, he reminds us, based on the example of German theology in the 1930s, that every context requires critical evaluation. He maintains that “while there is not ‘one’ Lutheran perspective—Lutheran theology is concrete and therefore related to the concrete Christian life of people—there is one theological endeavor that holds Lutherans together all over the world. This endeavor is based on some common theological principles and methodologies,”1 which he enumerates. Grosshans recently served in the Department for Theology and Studies, and currently teaches systematic theology at the University of Münster, Germany. Guillermo Hansen, an Argentinean who currently teaches systematic theology at Luther Seminary in St. Paul, USA, posits that Lutheran theology’s attractiveness “is not grounded in the ‘authority’ given to its Confessions, or those who presume to be custodians of it, but in the compelling and flexible quality of the web of belief that is formed by the codes that once were unraveled by Luther.”2 This is a web that many today claim but no one owns. Using a cultural–linguistic approach in which cross, justifica- tion and God’s two-fold rule figure prominently, Hansen contends that “Lutheran theology is alive and well today, precisely because it is plural, chaotic and messy.”3 Turning to the Bible, Barbara Rossing, who teaches New Testament at the Lutheran School of Theology in Chicago, USA, insists that diversity in the Bible is not a problem but a blessing. For example, she exegetes 1 Corinthians 12:12 as “because we are many, we are one.”4 In relation to what can be significant differences over matters such as sexuality, she maintains that “faithful diversity is not communion dividing,” but leads toward “recognizing God’s grace in the other,”5 that is, those whose in- terpretations may be different from ours. The goal is not agreement but koinonia in Christ. 1 Hans-Peter Grosshans, “A Common Theological