Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal La Revue De Santé De La Méditerranée Orientale

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal La Revue De Santé De La Méditerranée Orientale Contents Letter from the Editor ............................................................................................................................................................3 Research articles Compliance with haemodialysis practice guidelines in Egypt ....................................................................................4 Effect of prenatal counselling on compliance and outcomes of teenage pregnancy .............................................10 Domestic violence against women in Kersa, Oromia region, eastern Ethiopia ....................................................... 18 Looking beyond legality: understanding the context of female sex workers in greater Cairo, Egypt .....................24 Dieting behaviours, obesity and predictors of dieting among female college students at Eastern Mediterranean Palestinian universities ............................................................................................................................................... 30 Health Journal Pattern of psychiatric illnesses among long-stay patients at Mental Health Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia: a 10-year retrospective study ........................................................................................................37 Study of the effect of dietary counselling on the improvement of end-stage renal disease patients .....................45 Évaluation de la prise en charge des diabétiques par le médecin généraliste dans la province de La Revue de Santé de Volume 19 Number 1 19 Number Volume Khouribga (Maroc) ......................................................................................................................................................52 la Méditerranée orientale Trends of skin cancer incidence in 6 geographical regions of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2000–2005 ..............59 Acute respiratory infection and malnutrition among children below 5 years of age in Erbil governorate, Iraq ... 66 Epidemiological characterization of P. aeruginosa isolates of intensive care units in Egypt and Saudi Arabia ...... 71 Quality of clinical laboratory department in a specialized hospital in Alexandria, Egypt ....................................... 81 Chitral, Pakistan: WHO Salmonella spp. in patients suffering from enteric fever and food poisoning in Thamar city, Yemen .................... 88 EMHJ extends good wishes for a healthy, peaceful and happy January new year to all our readers, authors, reviewers, and our editorial Report board and advisory panel members. Implementing the essential medicine concept in the country with the highest GDP per capita in the world...... 94 2013 Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal reviewers’ panel, 2012 .......................................................................................97 Guidelines for authors ....................................................................................................................................................... 98 املجلد التاسع عرش / عدد Volume 19 / No. 1 1 كانون الثاين / يناير January / Janvier 2013 Cover 19-1.indd 1 1/10/2013 10:05:54 AM Members of the WHO Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean املجلة الصحية لرشق املتوسط Afghanistan . Bahrain . Djibouti . Egypt . Islamic Republic of Iran . Iraq . Jordan . Kuwait . Lebanon هى املجلة الرسمية التى تصدر عن املكتب اﻹقليمى لرشق املتوسط بمنظمة الصحة العاملية. وهى منرب لتقديم Libya . Morocco . Oman . Pakistan . Palestine . Qatar . Saudi Arabia . Somalia . South Sudan السياسات واملبادرات اجلديدة ىف اخلدمات الصحية والرتويج هلا، ولتبادل اﻵراء واملفاهيم واملعطيات الوبائية Sudan . Syrian Arab Republic . Tunisia . United Arab Emirates . Yemen ونتائج اﻷبحاث وغري ذلك من املعلومات، وخاصة ما يتعلق منها بإقليم رشق املتوسط. وهى موجهة إىل كل أعضاء املهن الصحية، والكليات الطبية وسائر املعاهد التعليمية، وكذا املنظامت غري احلكومية املعنية، واملراكز املتعاونة مع منظمة الصحة العاملية واﻷفراد املهتمني بالصحة ىف اﻹقليم وخارجه. EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN HEALTH JOURNAL البلدان أعضاء اللجنة اﻹقليمية ملنظمة الصحة العاملية لرشق املتوسط IS the official health journal published by the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization. It is a forum for the presentation and promotion of new policies and initiatives in health services; and for the exchange of ideas, con‑ cepts, epidemiological data, research findings and other information, with special reference to the Eastern Mediterranean Region. اﻷردن . أفغانستان . اﻹمارات العربية املتحدة . باكستان . البحرين . تونس . ليبيا . مجهورية إيران اﻹسﻻمية It addresses all members of the health profession, medical and other health educational institutes, interested NGOs, WHO Col‑ . اجلمهورية العربية السورية اليمن جنوب السودان جيبويت السودان الصومال العراق عُ ام ن فلسطني قطر الكويت لبنان مرص .laborating Centres and individuals within and outside the Region املغرب . اململكة العربية السعودية LA REVUE DE SANTÉ DE LA MÉDITERRANÉE ORIENTALE EST une revue de santé officielle publiée par le Bureau régional de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé pour la Méditerranée orientale. Elle offre une tribune pour la présentation et la promotion de nouvelles politiques et initiatives dans le domaine des ser‑vices de santé ainsi qu’à l’échange d’idées, de concepts, de données épidémiologiques, de résultats de recherches et d’autres Membres du Comité régional de l’OMS pour la Méditerranée orientale informations, se rapportant plus particulièrement à la Région de la Méditerranée orientale. Elle s’adresse à tous les professionnels de la santé, aux membres des instituts médicaux et autres instituts de formation médico‑sanitaire, aux ONG, Centres collabora‑ Afghanistan . Arabie saoudite . Bahreïn . Djibouti . Égypte . Émirats arabes unis . République islamique d’Iran teurs de l’OMS et personnes concernés au sein et hors de la Région. Iraq . Libye . Jordanie . Koweït . Liban . Maroc . Oman . Pakistan . Palestine . Qatar . République arabe syrienne Somalie . Soudan . Soudan du Sud . Tunisie . Yémen EMHJ is a trilingual, peer reviewed, open access journal and the full contents are freely available at its website: http://www/emro.who.int/emhj.htm EMHJ is abstracted/indexed in the Index Medicus and MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Systems on Line) and the ExtraMed‑Full text on CD‑ROM, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), CAB International, Lexis Nexis, Scopus and the Index Medicus for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (IMEMR). Correspondence Editor-in-chief ©World Health Organization 2013 EMHJ All rights reserved WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean P.O. Box 7608 Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion Nasr City, Cairo 11371 whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of Egypt its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border Tel: (+202) 2276 5000 lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products Fax: (+202) 2670 2492/(+202) 2670 2494 does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar Email: [email protected]/[email protected] nature that are not mentioned. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. The named authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. Subscriptions and Distribution Enquiries regarding subscriptions and distribution of the print edition of EMHJ should ISSN 1020‑3397 be addressed to: Printing and Marketing of Publications at: email: [email protected]; tel: (+202) 2276 5000; fax: (+202) 2670 2492 or 2670 2494 Permissions Cover designed by Diana Tawadros Requests for permission to reproduce or translate articles, whether for sale or Internal layout designed by Emad Marji and Diana Tawadros non-commercial distribution should be addressed to Printed by WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean EMHJ at: [email protected] Cover 19-1.indd 2 1/10/2013 10:05:54 AM Eastern Mediterranean La Revue de Santé de Health Journal la Méditerranée orientale املجلد التاسع عرش عدد Vol. 19 No. 1 • 2013 • 1 Contents Letter from the Editor ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Research articles Compliance with haemodialysis practice guidelines in Egypt A.M.A. Ahmed, M.F. Allam, E.S. Habil, A.M. Metwally, N.A. Ibrahiem, M. Radwan, M.M. El-Gaafary and M.A. Gadallah ...............................................................................4 Effect of prenatal counselling on compliance and outcomes of teenage pregnancy F.A. Mersal, O.M. Esmat and G.M. Khalil............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................10
Recommended publications
  • Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Nursing Intervention Program on Female Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Cent Eur J Nurs Midw 2017;8(3):682–690 doi: 10.15452/CEJNM.2017.08.0019 ORIGINAL PAPER EFFECTIVENESS OF NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL NURSING INTERVENTION PROGRAM ON FEMALE PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS Eman Ali Metwaly1, Nadia Mohamed Taha1, Heba Abd El-Wahab Seliem2, Maha Desoky Sakr1 1Medical- Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University, Egypt 2Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt Received October 31, 2016; Accepted June 22, 2017. Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Aim: The aim of study was to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological nursing intervention programs on female patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Design: A quasi-experimental design was used in this study. Methods: Pre-post follow-up assessment of outcome was used in this study. The study was conducted in the inpatient and outpatient clinics of rheumatology and rehabilitation at Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. Results: There was a significant improvement in knowledge and practice of patients with RA in the post and follow-up phase of the program in the intervention group. In addition, the patients showed a high level of independence regarding ability to perform ADL. There was a statistically significant decrease in disability for patients in the intervention group. Conclusion: It is recommended that non-pharmacological intervention programs be implemented for patients with RA in different settings to help reduce the number of patients complaining of pain and disability. Keywords: intervention program, non-pharmacological, rheumatoid arthritis.
    [Show full text]
  • Maldives: Extremism and Terrorism
    Maldives: Extremism and Terrorism On May 6, 2021, an improvised explosive device (IED) detonated outside of the Malé home of former President Mohamed Nasheed. Nasheed and four others, including a British national, were injured in the attack. On May 7, Maldivian police reported that Islamic extremists were responsible for the attack. The police suspect four individuals were behind the attack, having arrested three of the four suspects by May 9. Nasheed, the first democratically elected president of the Maldives and who is current the speaker of Parliament, has been an outspoken critic of religious extremism. Investigators have not yet determined which group was responsible for the attack. (Sources: Associated Press, Associated Press, Al Jazeera) On April 20, 2020, ISIS published a letter in their third issue of Voice of Hind magazine calling on Maldivians to join the jihad and to carry out extremist acts in the Maldives and India. The letter was in response to an ISIS-claimed attack on the Mahibadhoo harbor a few days prior. (Sources: Small Wars Journal, Middle East Media Research Institute) On April 17, 2020, five bombs detonated at Mahibadhoo harbor, destroying a sea ambulance, four speedboats, and two dinghies. ISIS quickly claimed responsibility for the attack via its weekly Arabic-language newsletter, al-Naba, claiming the boats belonged to the “apostate Maldivian Government and its loyalists.” The attack was the first to be carried out by ISIS in the Maldives. Earlier this year on February 4, a group of ISIS- inspired assailants stabbed and injured three foreign nationals near the Hulhumale Redbull Park Fustal Ground in North Male Atoll.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report on the Journey of 16 Women Candidates
    Nazra For Feminist Studies 2 | Nazra for Feminist Studies Nazra for Feminist Studies is a group that aims to build an Egyptian feminist movement, believing that feminism and gender are political and social issues affecting freedom and development in all societies. Nazra aims to mai nstream these values in both public and private spheres. | About Women Political Participation Academy Nazra for Feminist Studies launched the Women Political Participation Academy in October 2011 based on its belief in the importance of women political participation and to contribute in activating women’s role in decision making on different political and social levels. The academy aims to support women’s role in their political participation and to build their capacity and support them in contesting in different elections like the people’s assembly, local councils & trade unions. For more information: http://nazra.org/en/programs/women -political-participation -academy- program | Contact Us [email protected] www.nazra.org | Team This report was written by Wafaa Osama, Advisor of the Women Political Participation Academy (WPPA). She was assisted in r esearch and documentation by Yehia Zayed, the Academy Trainer, and Was em Kamal, Statistical Analyst. Mohammad Sherin Atef, the Academy Consultant, Doaa Abdelaal, Mentoring on the Ground Consultant of the Academy, and Pense Al -Assiouty, Academy Coordinator, contributed to field- work. This report was edited by Mozn Hassan, the Executive Director of Nazra for Feminist Studies. This report was edited and translated into English by Elham Aydarous. | Copyright This report is published under a Creative Common s Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by -nc/3.0 | April 2013 Women Political Participation Academy Nazra For Feminist Studies April 2013 Nazra For Feminist Studies 3 Contents CHAPTER ONE: WOMEN IN PREVIOUS PARLIAMENTS ..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Morocco and United States Combined Government Procurement Annexes
    Draft Subject to Legal Review for Accuracy, Clarity, and Consistency March 31, 2004 MOROCCO AND UNITED STATES COMBINED GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT ANNEXES ANNEX 9-A-1 CENTRAL LEVEL GOVERNMENT ENTITIES This Chapter applies to procurement by the Central Level Government Entities listed in this Annex where the value of procurement is estimated, in accordance with Article 1:4 - Valuation, to equal or exceed the following relevant threshold. Unless otherwise specified within this Annex, all agencies subordinate to those listed are covered by this Chapter. Thresholds: (To be adjusted according to the formula in Annex 9-E) For procurement of goods and services: $175,000 [Dirham SDR conversion] For procurement of construction services: $ 6,725,000 [Dirham SDR conversion] Schedule of Morocco 1. PRIME MINISTER (1) 2. NATIONAL DEFENSE ADMINISTRATION (2) 3. GENERAL SECRETARIAT OF THE GOVERNMENT 4. MINISTRY OF JUSTICE 5. MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND COOPERATION 6. MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR (3) 7. MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATION 8. MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION, EXECUTIVE TRAINING AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 9. MINISTRY OF NATIONAL EDUCATION AND YOUTH 10. MINISTRYOF HEALTH 11. MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND PRIVATIZATION 12. MINISTRY OF TOURISM 13. MINISTRY OF MARITIME FISHERIES 14. MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRANSPORTATION 15. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (4) 16. MINISTRY OF SPORT 17. MINISTRY REPORTING TO THE PRIME MINISTER AND CHARGED WITH ECONOMIC AND GENERAL AFFAIRS AND WITH RAISING THE STATUS 1 Draft Subject to Legal Review for Accuracy, Clarity, and Consistency March 31, 2004 OF THE ECONOMY 18. MINISTRY OF HANDICRAFTS AND SOCIAL ECONOMY 19. MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINING (5) 20.
    [Show full text]
  • Maat for Peace, Development, and Human Rights
    Violating Rights of Local Civilian Submitted to: Mechanism of Universal Periodical Review By: Maat for Peace, Development, and Human Rights. August 2009 انعنوان: أول ش انمهك فيصم - برج اﻷطباء – اندور انتاسع – شقه 908 – انجيزة ت / ف : 37759512 /02 35731912 /02 موبايم : 5327633 010 6521170 012 انبريد اﻻنكتروني : [email protected] [email protected] انموقع: www.maatpeace.org www.maat-law.org Report Methodology This report will discuss four components which are drinking water, draining services, environment services, and health services. The report will focus on those four components because there is a connection between them and because they are the more urgent and spread needs watched by Maat Institution. This report depended on three information sources: 1- Results of discussion meetings with citizens: there are 33 discussion meetings were held in some Egyptian governorates, in order to define problems and violations related to public utilities and essential services. 2- Citizens complaints: big number of citizens and their representatives in local public councils delivered written complaints to Maat Institution about specific violations they suffer regarding public utilities and essential services. 3- Journalism subjects published in Egyptian journals regarding violations of economical and social rights and depriving from essential services. First violation regarding the right to have safe drinking water: Egypt witnessed in the last three years increasing public anger because of shortage in drinking water available in many places of the republic. Thus, protest forms rose like demonstrations and stays-in strike to force executive managers to solve this problem. This period also witnessed many cases of water pollutions or mixing drinking water with draining water this is the problem which makes many people infected with hepatitis and renal failure.
    [Show full text]
  • Adoption and Impact Assessment of Improved Technologies in Crop and Livestock Production Systems in the WANA Region
    Adoption and Impact Assessment of Improved Technologies in Crop and Livestock Production Systems in the WANA Region The Development of Integrated Crop/Livestock Production in Low Rainfall Areas of Mashreq and Maghreb Regions (Mashreq/Maghreb Project) Editors Kamil H. Shideed ICARDA Megaproject on Poverty and Livelihoods Analysis and Impact Assessment Mohammed El Mourid Regional Coordinator for North Africa Regional Program, Tunisia International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas © 2005 International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) All rights reserved. ICARDA encourages fair use of this material. Proper citation is requested. Recommended citation Shideed, Kamil H. and Mohammed El Mourid (eds). 2005. Adoption and Impact Assessment of Improved Technologies in Crop and Livestock Production Systems in the WANA Region. The Development of Integrated Crop/Livestock Production in Low Rainfall Areas of Mashreq and Maghreb Regions (Mashreq/Maghreb Project). ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, viii + 160 pp. En. ISBN: 92-9127-180-3 Headquarters International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria Tel: (+963) (21) 2213433, 2213477, 2225112, 2225012 Fax: (+963) (21) 2213490, 2225105, 5744622 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.icarda.org Contents Foreword v Introduction vi 1. Theoretical Framework for Assessing Adoption and Impact of Improved Technologies 1 Kamil H. Shideed 2. Regional Synthesis of Adoption and Economic Impact of Improved Technologies in Mashreq and Maghreb Countries 31 Kamil H. Shideed and Mohammed El-Mourid 3. Adoption and Impact Assessment Studies in Algeria: Cactus Production and Ram Effect 43 Mustapha Rejdal, Mustapha Malki and Kamel Menasria 4.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 External Evaluator: Keishi Miyazaki (OPMAC Co., Ltd.) JBIC ODA Loan Projects
    External Evaluator: Keishi Miyazaki (OPMAC Co., Ltd.) JBIC ODA Loan Projects: Mid-Term Review Time of Mid-Term Review Field Survey: May 2005 Project Title: Kingdom of Morocco “Rural Water Supply Project II” (L/A No. MR - P15) [Loan Outline] Loan Amount/Contract Approved Amount/Disbursed Amount: 2,462 million yen/941 million yen/553 million yen (as of May 2006) Loan Agreement: Agreement entered June 2000 (sixth year after L/A) Final Disbursement Date: January 2008 Executing Agency: Ministère de l'Aménagement du Territoire, de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (Ministry of Territory Development, Water and Environment) [Project Objective] This project aims to improve water supply facilities in rural villages in four central Morocco provinces (Azilal, Beni Mellal, Khenifra, and Khouribga provinces) to provide people with safe water, thereby improve their living standards. Consultants: Nippon Koei・ SCET-MAROC・ CID (JV) (Japan,/Morocco,/Morocco) Contractors: Domestic Moroccan small & medium companies (many) Item Results of ex-ante evaluation Ex-post evaluation results as estimated at time of mid-term review [Relevance] (1) In response to increasing water demand, water sector development was set as one of the main policies (1) The government has not formulated a new five-year long-term development plan since the completion of the (1) National policy level in the Five-Year National Development Plan (2000-2004). The government had committed itself to Five-Year National Development Plan (2000-2004). Instead, the government for the time being formulates tentative improve water supply rates in urban and rural areas. development policies in each year’s fiscal law.
    [Show full text]
  • Maldives Supreme Court Verdict
    Maldives Supreme Court Verdict Intangible Lukas sometimes pupates his backswords regularly and laicise so anteriorly! Thermotaxic Connor undersigns some Darjeeling after analytical Nathaniel inset uniaxially. Is Sturgis always sciatic and sectorial when foreseen some ataxy very fervidly and strange? Are damn sure to unfollow this columnist! The court has been jailed on. Yameen says his term ends president? It was not immediately clear if anyone was arrested, and appears to be a move by the incoming Solih government to prevent his arrest on arrival. Shareef also voiced her anger about midnight in the political realm. We have spoken out and courts verdict last free and are a supreme court did it was physically hurt and that? Saamaraa, but such a move would be illegal and resisted by government law enforcement authorities. Supreme court on monday as they were taken to. He initially travelled to the United Kingdom for medical treatment and then managed to get political refugee status. The mere fact that Hilton was making jurisdictional objections in the foreign court does not excuse the delay in any way. There such as such no stale database of laws of Maldives. You are about to close this Web Part. The United States have sharply rebuked the meantime Court decision to knowing the runoff vote. Get daily updates. UN Special Rapporteurs on the independence of judges and lawyers, in book case of beautiful pregnant wife, former president Mohamed Nasheed and external vice president Ahmed Adeeb. Real glass has value. Your support all our tribute is invaluable. However, Netflix, while parliament is sealed.
    [Show full text]
  • Maldives Rule of Law Assessment
    MALDIVES RULE OF LAW ASSESSMENT June 2019 This publication was produced at the request of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It was prepared independently by Integra LLC under Asia Emerging Opportunities (AEO). 1 GS-10F-083CA / 7200AA18M00015 Asia Emerging Opportunities (AEO) Integra Government Services International LLC MALDIVES RULE OF LAW ASSESSMENT Asia Emerging Opportunities – Final Report Contract Title: Asia Emerging Opportunities Contract Number: GS-10F-083CA / 7200AA18M00015 Activity Number: AEO – 1011.1002 Submitted: June 25, 2019 Contractor: Integra Government Services International LLC 1100 Vermont Avenue NW, Suite 750 Washington, DC 20005 USAID Office: Asia Bureau This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It was prepared by Integra Government Services International. 2 GS-10F-083CA / 7200AA18M00015 Asia Emerging Opportunities (AEO) Integra Government Services International LLC TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 2. INTRODUCTION 7 3. THE CONTEXT FOR RULE OF LAW DEVELOPMENT IN THE MALDIVES 9 4. THE JUSTICE SYSTEM 19 5. CURRENT PROGRAMS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 30 6. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADVANCING THE RULE OF LAW 32 ANNEX 1 – STATEMENT OF WORK 38 ANNEX 2 – BIBLIOGRAPHY 42 ANNEX 3 – PERSONS INTERVIEWED 45 ANNEX 4 – EXCERPTS FROM EARLY REFORM PROPOSALS 47 3 GS-10F-083CA / 7200AA18M00015 Asia Emerging Opportunities (AEO) Integra Government Services International LLC ACRONYMS ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems
    [Show full text]
  • 11973328.Pdf
    Foreign Exchange Rate: USD 1 = JPY 96.60 USD 1 = LE 5.56 (Average Betw een March 2009 and August 2009) LOCATIO N MAP (1) LOCATIO N MAP (2) FINALREPORT VOLUME II ENVIRO NMENTALAND SOCIAL IMPACTASSESSMENT O F ABU RAWASH WWTP PROJECT Location Map Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures Abbreviations Summary TABLEOF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................1-1 1.1 Background.....................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Objective ofthe Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study..................1-2 1.3 Report Structure...............................................................................................1-3 CHAPTER 2 LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK..........................................2-1 2.1 Administrative Framework................................................................................2-1 2.1.1 Construction Authority for Potable Water andWastewater............................2-2 2.1.2 Holding Company for Water andWastewater..............................................2-3 2.1.3 Cairo Sanitary Drainage Company..............................................................2-4 2.1.4 Cairo Water Supply Company....................................................................2-4 2.1.5 Giza Water and Wastewater Company.........................................................2-5 2.1.6 Egyptian Environmental AffairsAgency.....................................................2-5
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Anaerobic Digestion Technology and the Potential of Biogas in Moroccan Regions of Doukkala-Abda, Chaouia-Ourdigha & Tadla-Azilal
    International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 3 Issue 11, November-2014 The Development of Anaerobic Digestion Technology and the Potential of Biogas in Moroccan Regions of Doukkala-Abda, Chaouia-Ourdigha & Tadla-Azilal Fatima Zahra Beraich Mina Bakasse Laboratory "Eco-Design, Energy, Environment & Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic and Innovation (3EI)"University Hassan 1, Faculty of Siences Environment (LOCBE); Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Settat, Morocco University Chouaib Doukkali El Jadida El Jadida, Morocco Moha Arouch Laboratory "Eco-Design, Energy, Environment & Innovation (3EI)"University Hassan 1, Faculty of Siences and Techniques Settat, Morocco Abstract— The lack of energy resources and wastes piles not population lives in rural areas and whose primary needs keep exploited in Moroccan rural areas, represent major problems increasing: cooking, water pumping and the home heating. that prompt us to develop methods to take advantage of such The problematic and stakes related to energy in rural areas wastes. The goal of our research is to implement an innovative prompt public and private actors to a profound reflection on leading-edge technology for the management and enhancement the vectors of change that can improve the living conditions of rural waste with double stakes: 1- methanisation of organic waste which is a source of a clean and renewable energy. 2- The of rural populations. Methanisation technology was production of organic fertilizers. I other words, the first step ofIJERT introduced to Morocco in the early eighties by the our work consists of evaluating the energy potential of existingIJERT intermediate of pilot digestor of research and development or biomass resources in the most famous agricultural regions in demonstration projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Expanded Program of Immunization Provided for Children Less Than Five Years in Family Health Centers at Cairo Governorate
    Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences (ISSN: 2581-5423) Volume 2 Issue 10 October 2018 Research Article Assessment of Expanded Program of Immunization Provided for Children less than Five Years in Family Health Centers at Cairo Governorate Mohammed El-Hady Imam Salem*, Sayed Ahmed Sayed Khalil, and Moustafa Mahmoud Rabea Mahmoud Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt *Corresponding Author: Mohammed El-Hady Imam Salem, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt. Received: August 27, 2018; Published: September 17, 2018 Abstract Background: Assessment of expanded program on immunization (EPI) is an important tool as it improves its general status, give solutions to the weak points as well as it enables immunization stakeholders with the evidence needed to manage programs more Objectives: To characterize the degree of development of the program to detect children with improper vaccination status, to assess effectively and efficiently. knowledge, attitude and practices of health care providers (HCPs) and to assess community satisfaction towards EPI. Subjects and Methods: To characterize the degree of development of the program to detect children with improper vaccination status, to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of health care providers (HCPs) and to assess community satisfaction towards EPI. standardized questionnaire and observation checklist. About 45 of HCPs and 144 of immunization beneficiaries were included in this study. Data was collected using two pre-designed Results: Knowledge of HCPs towards EPI was accepted with presence of some weakness areas, especially vaccine type and its trained workers and who have experience. About 13% of HCPs scored negative attitude especially for shortage of vaccines and the contraindication; about 71% recorded an average level of knowledge.
    [Show full text]