DOCSLIB.ORG

Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: a Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: a Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals A Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators A guidebook on SDG labour market indicators Decent work and the sustainable development goals Department ISBN 978-92-2-132117-0 of Statistics ILO 9 789221 321170 INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE GENEVA Copyright © International Labour Organization 2018 First published 2018 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators, Department of Statistics (STATISTICS), Geneva: ILO, 2018. ISBN 978-92-2-132117-0 (print) ISBN 978-92-2-132118-7 (Web pdf) [ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data] The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. ILO publications and digital products can be obtained through major booksellers and digital distribution platforms, or ordered directly from [email protected]. For more information, visit our website: www.ilo.org/publns or contact [email protected]. Printed by the International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland Acknowledgements This Guidebook was drafted by Rosina Gammarano, with contributions from Steven Kapsos, both of the ILO Department of Statistics’ Data Production and Analysis Unit. The Guidebook is based on their work in compiling and analysing labour statistics, the ILO’s SDG reporting, and consultations with internal and external experts on the SDG global indicator framework. The quality of the Guidebook was greatly enhanced by the comments provided by colleagues across the ILO, notably Elisa Benes, Tite Habiyakare, Nader Keyrouz, David Kucera, Valter Nebuloni, Shane O’higgins, Mustafa Hakki Ozel, Aurelio Parisotto, Yves Perardel, Ritash Sarna and Marie-Claire Sodergren. This document benefited from the guidance of Rafael Diez de Medina, Director of the ILO Department of Statistics. Guidebook-Decent Work-[STATI-180920-1]-En.docx iii Preface The world achieved great progress under the Millennium Development Goals (better known as the MDGs). However, by the time they expired in 2015, some MDGs had not yet been accomplished and many new challenges had emerged in the world. The Sustainable Development Goals, or the SDGs, successors of the MDGs, take on the unfinished aspects of the MDG agenda as well as numerous new goals pertaining to complex, modern issues. The 2030 Agenda is an encompassing, ambitious and integral agenda for sustainable development, applicable to all countries regardless of their stage of development. Indeed, one of the key principles of the SDGs is leaving no one behind. The quest for decent work for all men and women, for productive, high-quality employment and for inclusive labour markets is encompassed in the 2030 Agenda under Goal 8, but it is also seen as a cross-cutting topic, underlying other goals as well and intertwined with many targets across the 2030 Agenda. In order to monitor progress made under the SDGs, it is necessary to have a set of appropriate indicators, agreed on at the international level both by data users and data producers. Given the increased complexity of the SDGs compared to the MDGs, the list of SDG indicators is much longer and covers a wider variety of topics. In many instances, the new challenges included in the 2030 Agenda require designing indicators specifically for this purpose. Thus, the SDG indicators range across different levels of methodological development and data availability. While the 60 indicators under the MDGs were mostly based on existing indicators and data sources with limited disaggregation, the SDGs have more than 230 accompanying indicators, many of which are conceptually complex and include a multitude of requested disaggregations. The SDG indicators pertaining to the labour market are numerous and cover a wide range of labour-related topics, referring to both the quantity and the quality of employment, as well as to the national context, along with other issues. The SDG labour market indicators include indicators with an established, internationally agreed methodology and data regularly produced by the majority of countries around the world, as well as indicators that still need methodological development before getting to the data compilation stages. Most of the SDG labour market indicators pertain to Goal 8, but some refer to other goals, such as Goals 1, 5 and 10. This Guidebook provides a detailed overview of the SDG labour market indicators. It presents a review of the standards and methods used for the compilation, calculation and dissemination of the SDG labour market indicators, and it includes an update on the methodological development plans for those indicators that do not yet have an agreed methodology. It is intended to serve as a manual of best practices for the compilation, dissemination and interpretation of SDG labour market indicators, with a view to monitoring progress made at the national and international levels towards the achievement of the SDGs. Guidebook-Decent Work-[STATI-180920-1]-En.docx v Contents Page Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... iii Preface ............................................................................................................................................... v 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. The 2030 Agenda and the quest for Decent Work ........................................................ 1 1.2. From the MDGs to the SDGs ........................................................................................ 3 1.3. SDG indicators .............................................................................................................. 4 1.4. Role and mandate of custodian agencies ...................................................................... 6 1.5. Tier classification of SDG indicators ............................................................................ 7 2. Labour market indicators with an established methodology (tiers I and II) ................................ 9 2.1. Indicators under the ILO’s custodianship of Goal 8: Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all ..................... 11 2.1.1. Labour productivity .......................................................................................... 11 2.1.2. Informal employment ....................................................................................... 16 2.1.3. Hourly earnings and pay gap ............................................................................ 20 2.1.4. Unemployment rate .......................................................................................... 26 2.1.5. Youth NEET rate .............................................................................................. 31 2.1.6. Child labour ...................................................................................................... 36 2.1.7. Occupational injuries ........................................................................................ 40 2.2. Indicators under the ILO’s custodianship of other Goals ............................................. 45 2.2.1. Social protection coverage ............................................................................... 46 2.2.2. Female share in management ........................................................................... 50 2.2.3. Labour share of GDP ........................................................................................ 54 2.3. Other indicators with ILO’s involvement ..................................................................... 58 2.3.1. Working poverty............................................................................................... 58 2.3.2. Participation in education and training ............................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ilo Orientations for a Trade Union Action in Favour of the Promotion of Decent Work in Africa
    ILO ORIENTATIONS FOR A TRADE UNION ACTION IN FAVOUR OF THE PROMOTION OF DECENT WORK IN AFRICA DECENT WORK AGENDA By Fred PARRY, ILO What is the challenge? Nearly 500 million workers – more than 16 per cent of the global workforce – don’t earn enough to lift themselves and their families above the US $ 1 per person, per day poverty line. More than 43 per cent live below the US $ 2 per person per day threshold. What is the challenge? 66 million young people are unemployed Globally, the unemployment rate for young people is two to three times higher than for adults. What is the challenge? More women are working than ever before yet they are more likely than men to get low-productivity low- paid, vulnerable jobs, with no social protection, basic rights nor voice at work What is the challenge? In 2005 there were 191 million migrants – living outside their country of origin or citizenship Many working in precarious and unprotected conditions in the growing informal economy What is the challenge? 218 million children aged 5 – 17 are child labourers. More than half engaged in hazardous work At least 12.3 million people worldwide people worldwide are victims of forced labour Responding to the globalization challenge How to achieve a fair globalization and sustainable development? How do societies help people build a better future for themselves and their children? What is the ILO response? A decent work agenda based on… Rights Employment Protection Dialogue Rights People need representation Opportunities to participate To voice their views To obtain their rights and earn respect Employment The principal route out of poverty is work Poverty elimination requires that the economy generates opportunities for investment, entrepreneurship, job creation and sustainable livelihoods Protection Fewer than 10 percent of people in the poorest countries have adequate social security protection Basic social protection – such as health care and retirement security – is as a foundation for participating productively in society and the economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Decent Wodk and the 2030 Agenda Fod Sustainable
    PARTNERSHIPS NO FOR THE GOALS POVERTY PEACE, JUSTICE ZERO AND STRONG HUNGER INSTITUTIONS LIFE ON LAND GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING LIFE BELOW WATER QUALITY EDUCATION DECENT WORK AND THE CLIMATE GENDER ACTION 2030 AGENDA EQUALITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CLEAN WATER RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND SANITATION AND PRODUCTION SUSTAINABLE CITIES AFFORDABLE AND AND COMMUNITIES CLEAN ENERGY REDUCED DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH INEQUALITIES INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE It is no wonder that people put a decent job among their top DECENT WORK priorities in the global consultations for the 2030 Agenda. IS NOT JUST A GOAL – As UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said, the 2030 goals IT IS A DRIVER “address the requirements for all humanity to be able to live decent lives free from poverty, hunger and inequality, with all men and OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT women, girls and boys able to develop their full potential. They commit More people in decent jobs means stronger and more inclusive economic growth. all of us to be responsible global citizens, caring for the less fortunate, Improved growth means more resources to create decent jobs. It is a simple equation but as well as for our planet’s ecosystems and climate action on which one that has been largely neglected in international policy-making both before and after all life depends”. the 2008 fi nancial crisis. With the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development we have We cannot understate the challenges that lie ahead for the world of work. a once-in-a-generation chance to make a change and improve the lives of billions.
    [Show full text]
  • Fairtrade Certification, Labor Standards, and Labor Rights Comparative Innovations and Persistent Challenges
    LAURA T. RAYNOLDS Professor, Department of Sociology, Director, Center for Fair & Alternative Trade, Colorado State University Email: [email protected] Fairtrade Certification, Labor Standards, and Labor Rights Comparative Innovations and Persistent Challenges ABSTRACT Fairtrade International certification is the primary social certification in the agro-food sector in- tended to promote the well-being and empowerment of farmers and workers in the Global South. Although Fairtrade’s farmer program is well studied, far less is known about its labor certification. Helping fill this gap, this article provides a systematic account of Fairtrade’s labor certification system and standards and com- pares it to four other voluntary programs addressing labor conditions in global agro-export sectors. The study explains how Fairtrade International institutionalizes its equity and empowerment goals in its labor certifica- tion system and its recently revised labor standards. Drawing on critiques of compliance-based labor stand- ards programs and proposals regarding the central features of a ‘beyond compliance’ approach, the inquiry focuses on Fairtrade’s efforts to promote inclusive governance, participatory oversight, and enabling rights. I argue that Fairtrade is making important, but incomplete, advances in each domain, pursuing a ‘worker- enabling compliance’ model based on new audit report sharing, living wage, and unionization requirements and its established Premium Program. While Fairtrade pursues more robust ‘beyond compliance’ advances than competing programs, the study finds that, like other voluntary initiatives, Fairtrade faces critical challenges in implementing its standards and realizing its empowerment goals. KEYWORDS fair trade, Fairtrade International, multi-stakeholder initiatives, certification, voluntary standards, labor rights INTRODUCTION Voluntary certification systems seeking to improve social and environmental conditions in global production have recently proliferated.
    [Show full text]
  • Decent Work with a Living Wage, in the Global Labour Market: from Gglobalization to Flexicurity
    Loyola University Chicago, School of Law LAW eCommons Faculty Publications & Other Works 2008 Decent Work with a Living Wage, in The Global Labour Market: From GGlobalization to Flexicurity. Michael J. Zimmer Loyola University Chicago, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/facpubs Part of the Labor and Employment Law Commons Recommended Citation Zimmer, Michael J., Decent Work with a Living Wage, in The Global Labour Market: From GGlobalization to Flexicurity, 65 Bulletin for Comparative Industrial Relations 61 (2008). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications & Other Works by an authorized administrator of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Chapter 4 Decent Work with a Living Wage Michael J. Zimmer 1. INTRODUCTION Globalization has had, and presumably will continue to have, many effects on labor and employment around much of the world.1 What it has not caused, however, is the end of labor law. The real question is how labor law can respond to the challenges presented by globalization. In order to promote an efficacious labor law, it is my thesis that a new global goal should be added to the labor law agenda – decent work with a living wage. The 1998 Declaration of the ILO setting forth fundamental labor principles should be expanded to include decent work with a living wage. The goal of decent work with a living wage can help keep labor law viable because it can be the organizing principle for a broad array of unions and workers worldwide as well as other interested groups to push for its implementa- tion as a matter of regional and national law.
    [Show full text]
  • (DWCP) in Uzbekistan
    Performance Evaluation Support for Implementation of the Decent Work Country Programme (DWCP) in Uzbekistan Final Report June 29, 2020 Evaluators: Lead Evaluator: Zehra Kacapor-Dzihic, Institute for Development Impact Assistant Evaluator: Jasna Zarkovic, Institute for Development Impact QED Evaluation Partner DISCLAIMER Funding for this evaluation was provided by the United States Department of Labor under Task Order number 1605DC-18-F-00417. Points of view or opinions in this evaluation report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the United States Department of Labor, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the United States Government. i ACKNOWLEGEMENTS The following report is a final performance evaluation of the Support for Implementation of the Decent Work Country Programme (DWCP) in Uzbekistan. The evaluation report was prepared by lead evaluator Zehra Kacapor-Dzihic and Jasna Zarkovic who served as assistant evaluator. The evaluation team would like to thank government officials, social partners, and ILO officials who were interviewed remotely and shared their time, feedback and expertise throughout the evaluation. Special thanks go to the project staff who coordinated remote interviews for primary data collection during the COVID-19 pandemic. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................ v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Decent Work: the International Labour Organization Agenda
    Decent Work: The International Labour Organization Agenda by Werner Sengenberger Dialogue and Cooperation 2/2001 Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Department for Development Policy - Dialogue on Globalization - Hiroshimastr. 17 10785 Berlin Tel.:0049-30-26936-914 Fax: 0049-30-26935-959 [email protected] www.fes.de/globalization The opinions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Friedrich-Ebert- Stiftung or the organisations for which the author works. 01/04/03 17:22 Decent Work: The ILO Agenda Decent Work: The International Labour Organization Agenda1 Werner Sengenberger Decent Work: The Concept In keeping with its charter, the International objectives for the achievement of decent Labour Organization (ILO) has the mission work: of improving the work and living conditions of individuals. Since its founding 1. The Fostering of Rights at Work in 1919, the organization has made an The classic ILO task since its founding in effort to create a social framework for peace 1919 has been setting international work and stability. This takes place not least on and social standards. Since then, the the basis of the realization, documented in international code of standards has grown the founding charter, that there can be no to encompass more than 180 conventions world peace without social peace within and recommendations. When a member member states – an insight clearly as country ratifies an ILO Convention, it contemporary as the earlier ILO message commits itself to the legally binding, which stated that as long as there is poverty international obligation of observing and anywhere in the world, the prosperity of implementing this standard.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of the Ifis in Supporting Decent Work and Countering the Risks of Financial Globalisation
    The Role of the IFIs in Supporting Decent Work and Countering the Risks of Financial Globalisation Statement by Global Unions1 to the 2007 Annual Meetings of the IMF and World Bank (Washington, 20-22 October 2007) Introduction 1. Faced with waning interest from middle-income countries and new competition in low-income countries from emerging lenders, both the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank must achieve some credibility as democratic institutions dedicated to fighting poverty and achieving sustainable development if they are to retain a place in the global economy. Recent changes in leadership at both institutions have drawn the criticisms of many governments and of civil society organisations around the globe that see the exclusion of candidacies from the developing world as evidence that the international financial institutions (IFIs) continue to dictate, rather than listen, to the poor countries they purport to serve. Global Unions express their regret that the new leaders of the IMF and World Bank were not chosen through a fair and open process and would stress that the leadership selection process is a symptom of a larger crisis of relevance and accountability in the IFIs. 2. As inequality increases worldwide, it is more imperative than ever that the IFIs refocus their work on supporting developing countries’ attempts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and improve the lot of the “losers” of economic globalisation. This statement calls on the World Bank and IMF to make real changes in their policies to achieve these outcomes. Specifically, it insists that they cease to use dubious evidence in support of labour market deregulation to impel countries to do away with workers’ protection, and instead envisions a role for both IFIs in promoting decent work.
    [Show full text]
  • ILO Local Development and Decent Work Resource
    OVERVIEW PART 1 PART 2 PART 3 PART 4 PART 5 LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AND DECENT WORK RESOURCE KIT Copyright © International Labour Organization 2006 First published 2006 Publications of the International Labour Offi ce enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright The designations employed in ILO publications and electronic products, which are in conformity with United Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to the ILO on the part of the International Labour Offi ce concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Offi ce, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. email: [email protected]. The International Labour Offi ce welcomes such applications. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their All rights reserved. Neither the physical disc nor any portion of the material recorded hereon may be transferred authors, and publication or electronic production does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour or reproduced, in any form or by any means, whether by sales, lease, rental, loan or gift, without the prior written Offi ce of the opinions expressed in them. consent of the ILO. The user accepts that the parties make this data available without warranty of any kind. The parties do not accept ILO responsibility for the validity or completeness of any data contained in this CD-ROM, including inaccuracies, Local Development and Decent Work Resource Kit errors or omissions or for any consequences arising from the use of such data or of the software contained in the Manila, International Labour Offi ce, 2006 CD-ROM.
    [Show full text]
  • Decent Work for the 21St Century
    Ninth Coordination Meeting on International Decent Work Migration, New York, 17- 18 February 2011 for the 21st Century Gloria de Pascual-Teresa Director, International Migration Programme International Labour Organization Globalization and the World of Work Globalization has not benefited all The economic and jobs crisis presents an enormous global challenge ILO is responding through a Decent Work Agenda for all What is the Challenge? 205 million people unemployed globally An estimated 1.5 billion in vulnerable employment 630 million living in extreme poverty on US$1.25 a day Eight out of 10 lack social protection 105 million economically active are migrant workers (44 % of the total migrant population) ILO’s projection What is the Challenge? 78 million young people unemployed Globally, young people nearly three times as likely as adults to be unemployed Young people are most likely to migrate Young people now account for a third of the foreign population in most OECD countries Migration can bring possibilities for the youth, in terms of job and learning opportunities What is the Challenge for Migrant Workers? Many migrant workers, especially low skilled workers and temporary workers experience serious abuse and exploitation. More women migrant workers are working than ever before, but are also more likely than men to have low- productivity, low-paid, vulnerable jobs, without social protection, basic rights or voice at work How to create a decent work agenda which includes all? ILO’s Response in Action A Decent Work for
    [Show full text]
  • Decent Work and Economic Growth
    Policy Guidelines for Inclusive Sustainable Development Goals DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH ADVANCE VERSION © 2020 United Nations The Policy Guidelines for Inclusive Sustainable Development Goals are a component of the SDG- CRPD Resource Package, developed by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). This is an advance version of the SDG-CRPD Resource Package. A final version will be issued upon completion of OHCHR review processes. The designations employed and the presentation of the material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a figure indicates a reference to a United Nations document. Photography by Christian Tasso. The photographs featured within the Policy Guidelines were taken as part of the European Union project, Bridging the Gap II – Inclusive Policies and Services for Equal Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and were produced with the financial support of the European Union. They appear courtesy of the International and Ibero-American Foundation for Administration and Public Policies. The Policy Guidelines for Inclusive Sustainable Development Goals were produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of OHCHR and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all.
    [Show full text]
  • Tackling Discriminatory Labour Practices, Labour Market Segmentation and Gender Pay Gaps Venge Nyirongo, UN Women February 2020
    Tackling Discriminatory Labour Practices, Labour Market Segmentation and Gender Pay Gaps Venge Nyirongo, UN Women February 2020 Introduction The global gender pay gap (GPG), estimated to be a staggering 16-22% 12, is a symptom of social and economic injustice in the workings of labour markets. One of its main drivers, segmented labour market or occupational segregation, is itself reflected in entrenched discriminatory social norms and practices that are rooted in economic and social institutions. In turn, it is through economic and social institutions that decision making, implementation of laws and policies and the exercise of power take place that influence the realization of women’s economic rights, their economic autonomy and security, the terms and conditions of women’s incorporation into labour markets, the types of jobs women and men take on, and the quality of those jobs in terms of decent work. Consequently, women workers tend to predominate in informal labour markets; they are more likely to take on part time employment; and usually earn less than men even when they perform work of equal value as men. Moreover, women globally do at least 3 times as much unpaid care and domestic work as men 3. This short paper examines the situations in which the factors cited above create and maintain gender pay gaps across the world while exploring trends that explain the key policy dimensions associated with its incidence. Although limited, the available data helps to explain that country income classification differences are important in the consideration of the corresponding solutions designed to address a high gender pay gap.
    [Show full text]
  • Decent Work Indicators
    DECENT WORK INDICATORS GUIDELINES FOR PRODUCERS AND USERS OF STATISTICAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK INDICATORS ILO MANUAL Second version December 2013 Copyright © International Labour Organization 2012, 2013 First published 2012 Second edition 2013 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data Decent work indicators : guidelines for producers and users of statistical and legal framework indicators: ILO manual: second version / International Labour Office. - Geneva: ILO, 2013 ISBN: 9789221280187; 9789221280194 (web pdf) International Labour Office decent work / equal employment opportunity / working conditions / social security / social dialogue / economic indicator / definition 13.01.1 The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them.
    [Show full text]