Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals A Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators A guidebook on SDG labour market indicators Decent work and the sustainable development goals Department ISBN 978-92-2-132117-0 of Statistics ILO 9 789221 321170 INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE GENEVA Copyright © International Labour Organization 2018 First published 2018 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators, Department of Statistics (STATISTICS), Geneva: ILO, 2018. ISBN 978-92-2-132117-0 (print) ISBN 978-92-2-132118-7 (Web pdf) [ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data] The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. ILO publications and digital products can be obtained through major booksellers and digital distribution platforms, or ordered directly from [email protected]. For more information, visit our website: www.ilo.org/publns or contact [email protected]. Printed by the International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland Acknowledgements This Guidebook was drafted by Rosina Gammarano, with contributions from Steven Kapsos, both of the ILO Department of Statistics’ Data Production and Analysis Unit. The Guidebook is based on their work in compiling and analysing labour statistics, the ILO’s SDG reporting, and consultations with internal and external experts on the SDG global indicator framework. The quality of the Guidebook was greatly enhanced by the comments provided by colleagues across the ILO, notably Elisa Benes, Tite Habiyakare, Nader Keyrouz, David Kucera, Valter Nebuloni, Shane O’higgins, Mustafa Hakki Ozel, Aurelio Parisotto, Yves Perardel, Ritash Sarna and Marie-Claire Sodergren. This document benefited from the guidance of Rafael Diez de Medina, Director of the ILO Department of Statistics. Guidebook-Decent Work-[STATI-180920-1]-En.docx iii Preface The world achieved great progress under the Millennium Development Goals (better known as the MDGs). However, by the time they expired in 2015, some MDGs had not yet been accomplished and many new challenges had emerged in the world. The Sustainable Development Goals, or the SDGs, successors of the MDGs, take on the unfinished aspects of the MDG agenda as well as numerous new goals pertaining to complex, modern issues. The 2030 Agenda is an encompassing, ambitious and integral agenda for sustainable development, applicable to all countries regardless of their stage of development. Indeed, one of the key principles of the SDGs is leaving no one behind. The quest for decent work for all men and women, for productive, high-quality employment and for inclusive labour markets is encompassed in the 2030 Agenda under Goal 8, but it is also seen as a cross-cutting topic, underlying other goals as well and intertwined with many targets across the 2030 Agenda. In order to monitor progress made under the SDGs, it is necessary to have a set of appropriate indicators, agreed on at the international level both by data users and data producers. Given the increased complexity of the SDGs compared to the MDGs, the list of SDG indicators is much longer and covers a wider variety of topics. In many instances, the new challenges included in the 2030 Agenda require designing indicators specifically for this purpose. Thus, the SDG indicators range across different levels of methodological development and data availability. While the 60 indicators under the MDGs were mostly based on existing indicators and data sources with limited disaggregation, the SDGs have more than 230 accompanying indicators, many of which are conceptually complex and include a multitude of requested disaggregations. The SDG indicators pertaining to the labour market are numerous and cover a wide range of labour-related topics, referring to both the quantity and the quality of employment, as well as to the national context, along with other issues. The SDG labour market indicators include indicators with an established, internationally agreed methodology and data regularly produced by the majority of countries around the world, as well as indicators that still need methodological development before getting to the data compilation stages. Most of the SDG labour market indicators pertain to Goal 8, but some refer to other goals, such as Goals 1, 5 and 10. This Guidebook provides a detailed overview of the SDG labour market indicators. It presents a review of the standards and methods used for the compilation, calculation and dissemination of the SDG labour market indicators, and it includes an update on the methodological development plans for those indicators that do not yet have an agreed methodology. It is intended to serve as a manual of best practices for the compilation, dissemination and interpretation of SDG labour market indicators, with a view to monitoring progress made at the national and international levels towards the achievement of the SDGs. Guidebook-Decent Work-[STATI-180920-1]-En.docx v Contents Page Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... iii Preface ............................................................................................................................................... v 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. The 2030 Agenda and the quest for Decent Work ........................................................ 1 1.2. From the MDGs to the SDGs ........................................................................................ 3 1.3. SDG indicators .............................................................................................................. 4 1.4. Role and mandate of custodian agencies ...................................................................... 6 1.5. Tier classification of SDG indicators ............................................................................ 7 2. Labour market indicators with an established methodology (tiers I and II) ................................ 9 2.1. Indicators under the ILO’s custodianship of Goal 8: Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all ..................... 11 2.1.1. Labour productivity .......................................................................................... 11 2.1.2. Informal employment ....................................................................................... 16 2.1.3. Hourly earnings and pay gap ............................................................................ 20 2.1.4. Unemployment rate .......................................................................................... 26 2.1.5. Youth NEET rate .............................................................................................. 31 2.1.6. Child labour ...................................................................................................... 36 2.1.7. Occupational injuries ........................................................................................ 40 2.2. Indicators under the ILO’s custodianship of other Goals ............................................. 45 2.2.1. Social protection coverage ............................................................................... 46 2.2.2. Female share in management ........................................................................... 50 2.2.3. Labour share of GDP ........................................................................................ 54 2.3. Other indicators with ILO’s involvement ..................................................................... 58 2.3.1. Working poverty............................................................................................... 58 2.3.2. Participation in education and training ............................................................