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ABSTRACT Hill, Hilary Nan. Phylogenetic Utility of Two New Nuclear Genes, Opsin and CAD, Within the Stiletto Flies (Diptera: Th
ABSTRACT Hill, Hilary Nan. Phylogenetic Utility of Two New Nuclear Genes, Opsin and CAD, within the stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae) (Under the direction of Brian M. Wiegmann). A need for multiple phylogenetic markers to reconstruct evolutionary relationships is increasingly apparent within both the Therevidae and insect systematics as a whole, especially markers that can accommodate the immense species diversity that arose during the Mesozoic (~65-250mya). Phylogenetic trees are often best reconstructed using datasets from distinct sources and from character sets that have been under different selective pressures. Many recent insect systematics studies use various combinations of markers from multiple genomes, morphology, and biogeography. Nuclear genes, particularly protein-encoding genes that are highly conserved and low copy-number, are increasingly attractive as phylogenetic markers, and there is a recent concerted effort to find and increase access to new nuclear genes. Chapter one of this study investigates the phylogenetic utility of opsin, a new multiple copy nuclear protein- encoding gene in the dipteran family Therevidae. The present analyses of nucleotide sequence data of opsin reconstructed a therevid phylogeny that is partially concordant with previous classifications which demonstrates that opsin may have some limited utility as a phylogenetic marker within the Therevidae and closely related Diptera, but also shows that opsin may be better used in combination with other molecular markers or morphological data sets. Phylogenetic analyses of opsin at multiple levels within insects supports these results, but also reveals the significant obstacles in technical manipulation of the gene and in the interpretaion of ortholog/paralog relationships. In the second chapter two new nuclear, protein-encoding genes, opsin and CAD, in combination with EF-1α and 28S rDNA, are applied to reconstruct evolutionary relationships among the major lineages of Therevidae for which previous molecular evidence has been insufficient. -
1 U of Ill Urbana-Champaign PEET
U of Ill Urbana-Champaign PEET: A World Monograph of the Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera) Participant Individuals: CoPrincipal Investigator(s) : David K Yeates; Brian M Wiegmann Senior personnel(s) : Donald Webb; Gail E Kampmeier Post-doc(s) : Kevin C Holston Graduate student(s) : Martin Hauser Post-doc(s) : Mark A Metz Undergraduate student(s) : Amanda Buck; Melissa Calvillo Other -- specify(s) : Kristin Algmin Graduate student(s) : Hilary Hill Post-doc(s) : Shaun L Winterton Technician, programmer(s) : Brian Cassel Other -- specify(s) : Jeffrey Thorne Post-doc(s) : Christine Lambkin Other -- specify(s) : Ann C Rast Senior personnel(s) : Steve Gaimari Other -- specify(s) : Beryl Reid Technician, programmer(s) : Joanna Hamilton Undergraduate student(s) : Claire Montgomery; Heather Lanford High school student(s) : Kate Marlin Undergraduate student(s) : Dmitri Svistula Other -- specify(s) : Bradley Metz; Erica Leslie Technician, programmer(s) : Jacqueline Recsei; J. Marie Metz Other -- specify(s) : Malcolm Fyfe; David Ferguson; Jennifer Campbell; Scott Fernsler Undergraduate student(s) : Sarah Mathey; Rebekah Kunkel; Henry Patton; Emilia Schroer Technician, programmer(s) : Graham Teakle Undergraduate student(s) : David Carlisle; Klara Kim High school student(s) : Sara Sligar Undergraduate student(s) : Emmalyn Gennis Other -- specify(s) : Iris R Vargas; Nicholas P Henry Partner Organizations: Illinois Natural History Survey: Financial Support; Facilities; Collaborative Research Schlinger Foundation: Financial Support; In-kind Support; Collaborative Research 1 The Schlinger Foundation has been a strong and continuing partner of the therevid PEET project, providing funds for personnel (students, scientific illustrator, data loggers, curatorial assistant) and expeditions, including the purchase of supplies, to gather unknown and important taxa from targeted areas around the world. -
A Review of the Status of Larger Brachycera Flies of Great Britain
Natural England Commissioned Report NECR192 A review of the status of Larger Brachycera flies of Great Britain Acroceridae, Asilidae, Athericidae Bombyliidae, Rhagionidae, Scenopinidae, Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae, Therevidae, Xylomyidae. Species Status No.29 First published 30th August 2017 www.gov.uk/natural -england Foreword Natural England commission a range of reports from external contractors to provide evidence and advice to assist us in delivering our duties. The views in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of Natural England. Background Making good decisions to conserve species This report should be cited as: should primarily be based upon an objective process of determining the degree of threat to DRAKE, C.M. 2017. A review of the status of the survival of a species. The recognised Larger Brachycera flies of Great Britain - international approach to undertaking this is by Species Status No.29. Natural England assigning the species to one of the IUCN threat Commissioned Reports, Number192. categories. This report was commissioned to update the threat status of Larger Brachycera flies last undertaken in 1991, using a more modern IUCN methodology for assessing threat. Reviews for other invertebrate groups will follow. Natural England Project Manager - David Heaver, Senior Invertebrate Specialist [email protected] Contractor - C.M Drake Keywords - Larger Brachycera flies, invertebrates, red list, IUCN, status reviews, IUCN threat categories, GB rarity status Further information This report can be downloaded from the Natural England website: www.gov.uk/government/organisations/natural-england. For information on Natural England publications contact the Natural England Enquiry Service on 0300 060 3900 or e-mail [email protected]. -
Changes in the Insect Fauna of a Deteriorating Riverine Sand Dune
., CHANGES IN THE INSECT FAUNA OF A DETERIORATING RIVERINE SAND DUNE COMMUNITY DURING 50 YEARS OF HUMAN EXPLOITATION J. A. Powell Department of Entomological Sciences University of California, Berkeley May , 1983 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 HISTORY OF EXPLOITATION 4 HISTORY OF ENTOMOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS 7 INSECT FAUNA 10 Methods 10 ErRs s~lected for compar"ltive "lnBlysis 13 Bio1o~ica1 isl!lnd si~e 14 Inventory of sp~cies 14 Endemism 18 Extinctions 19 Species restricted to one of the two refu~e parcels 25 Possible recently colonized species 27 INSECT ASSOCIATES OF ERYSIMUM AND OENOTHERA 29 Poll i n!ltor<'l 29 Predqt,.n·s 32 SUMMARY 35 RECOm1ENDATIONS FOR RECOVERY ~4NAGEMENT 37 ACKNOWT.. EDGMENTS 42 LITERATURE CITED 44 APPENDICES 1. T'lbles 1-8 49 2. St::ttns of 15 Antioch Insects Listed in Notice of 75 Review by the U.S. Fish "l.nd Wildlife Service INTRODUCTION The sand dune formation east of Antioch, Contra Costa County, California, comprised the largest riverine dune system in California. Biogeographically, this formation was unique because it supported a northern extension of plants and animals of desert, rather than coastal, affinities. Geologists believe that the dunes were relicts of the most recent glaciation of the Sierra Nevada, probably originating 10,000 to 25,000 years ago, with the sand derived from the supratidal floodplain of the combined Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. The ice age climate in the area is thought to have been cold but arid. Presumably summertime winds sweeping through the Carquinez Strait across the glacial-age floodplains would have picked up the fine-grained sand and redeposited it to the east and southeast, thus creating the dune fields of eastern Contra Costa County. -
Journaflofthreattenedtaxa
OPEN ACCESS The Journaf of Threatened Taxa fs dedfcated to buffdfng evfdence for conservafon gfobaffy by pubffshfng peer-revfewed arfcfes onffne every month at a reasonabfy rapfd rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org . Aff arfcfes pubffshed fn JoTT are regfstered under Creafve Commons Atrfbufon 4.0 Internafonaf Lfcense unfess otherwfse menfoned. JoTT affows unrestrfcted use of arfcfes fn any medfum, reproducfon, and dfstrfbufon by provfdfng adequate credft to the authors and the source of pubffcafon. Journaf of Threatened Taxa Buffdfng evfdence for conservafon gfobaffy www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Onffne) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Prfnt) Short Communfcatfon New records of the subfamffy Stratfomyfnae (Dfptera: Stratfomyfdae) from Pakfstan Muhammad Asghar Hassan, Imran Bodfah, Zafar Iqbaf & Rubfna Jabeen 26 October 2017 | Vof. 9| No. 10 | Pp. 10831–10834 10.11609/jot. 3562 .9. 10. 10831-10834 For Focus, Scope, Afms, Poffcfes and Gufdeffnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/About_JoTT For Arfcfe Submfssfon Gufdeffnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/Submfssfon_Gufdeffnes For Poffcfes agafnst Scfenffc Mfsconduct vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT_Poffcy_agafnst_Scfenffc_Mfsconduct For reprfnts contact <[email protected]> Pubffsher/Host Partner Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 October 2017 | 9(10): 10831-10834 New records of the subfamily Stratiomyinae (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) from Pakistan 1 2 3 4 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) Muhammad Asghar Hassan , Imran Bodlah , Zafar Iqbal & Rubina Jabeen Communication Short ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1,2,3 Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agricultural University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan OPEN ACCESS 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected] Abstract: Based on collected specimens from the Narowal, Rawalpindi of different genera. -
Proceedings of the United States National Museum
Proceedings of the United States National Museum SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION . WASHINGTON, D.C. Volume 121 1967 Number 3569 SOLDIER FLY LARVAE IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO ' By Max W. McFadden ^ The Stratiomyidae or soldier flies are represented in America north of Mexico by approximately 237 species distributed through 37 genera. Prior to this study, larvae have been described for only 21 species representmg 15 genera. In addition to the lack of adequate descriptions and keys, classification has seldom been attempted and a phylogenetic treatment of the larvae has never been presented. The present study has been undertaken with several goals in mind: to rear and describe (1) as many species as possible; (2) to redescribe all previously described larvae of North American species; and (3), on the basis of larval characters, to attempt to define various taxo- nomic units and show phylogenetic relationships withm the family and between it and other closely related familes. Any attempt to establish subfamilial and generic lunits must be regarded as tentative. This is especially true in the present study since larvae of so many species of Stratiomyidae remain unknown. Undoubtably, as more species are reared, changes mil have to be made in keys and definitions of taxa. The keys have been prepared chiefly for identification of last mstar larvae. If earher mstars are known, they either have been 1 Modified from a Ph. D. dissertation submitted to the University of Alberta E(hnonton, Canada. ' 2 Entomology Research Division, U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Tobacco Insects Investigations, P.O. Box 1011, Oxford, N.C. 27565. : 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. -
The Soldier Flies Or Stratiomyidae of California
BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY VOLUME 6, NO. 5 THE SOLDIER FLIES OR STRATIOMYIDAE OF CALIFORNIA BY MAURICE T. JAMES (Department of Zoology,State College of Washington, Pullman) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 1960 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Editors: E. G. Linsley, S. B. Freeborn, P. D. Hurd, R. L. Usinger Volume 6, No. 5, Pp. 79-122, plates 6-10, 19 maps Submitted by editors, October 14, 1958 Issued April 22, 1960 Price, $1.00 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON, ENGLAND PRINTED BY OFFSET IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE MEMORY OF MY SON TED THE SOLDIER FLIES OR STRATIOMYIDAE OF CALIFORNIA BY MAURICE T. JAMES To date, no publication has presented a com- forms extralimital to the California fauna). prehensive survey of the Stratiomyidae of the Although of limited economic importance, Pacific coast; the nearest approach to one is the Stratiomyidae are more significant from the the study of the aquatic forms by Wirth and theoretical standpoint than is usually recog- Stone (1956). Even this work falls a little nized. Indeed, if this family had become ex- short of its expected goal since two groups tinct in prehistoric times, some valuable links have had to be omitted. These are the in the evolutionary development of Diptera Pa chyga s t rina e and the E upar yph us-Aoc hlet us would have been lost to science. Nowhere complex which are being studied by Dr. Ken- within a closely knit taxonomic group can be neth J. -
Diptera: Therevidae)
SYSTEMATICS The Nearctic Genus Ammonaios Irwin and Lyneborg 1981 (Diptera: Therevidae) MARTIN HAUSER AND MICHAEL E. IRWIN University of Illinois and Illinois Natural History Survey, 1101 W. Peabody Drive, Urbana, IL 61801 Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 96(6): 738Ð765 (2003) Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/96/6/738/14279 by guest on 22 September 2020 ABSTRACT The North American genus Ammonaios Irwin and Lyneborg is revised, and the three new species, A. confusus sp. n., A. mexicanus sp. n., and A. sabulosus sp. n., are described. The limits of the genus are redeÞned; a key to the species, descriptions of the pupae of three species, and distribution maps are provided. A cladistic analysis provides hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships within the genus, and the monophyly of Ammonaios was afÞrmed when tested with respect to species within its putatively closely related genera. KEY WORDS Ammonaios, Therevidae, new species, pupal morphology THIS ARTICLE IS PART of the effort to revise the species Specimens Examined Format. To conserve space of the genera of Nearctic Therevidae (Irwin and and include as much information as possible about Lyneborg 1981a, b; Webb and Irwin 1988, 1991a, b, c, each specimen, the “specimens examined” section un- 1995, 1999). In their revision of the Nearctic genera of der each species was formatted to avoid redundancy. Therevidae, Irwin and Lyneborg (1981a) erected the The data are reported hierarchically: country (all genus Ammonaios and designated Thereva nivea caps), state, county, populated place (with distance Kro¨ber as the type species. They stated that there are modiÞers, lower case), decimal degrees of latitude and “at least four additional, unnamed species at hand.” longitude [in square parentheses], altitude in meters Since then, several private collectors and institutions (m), collecting date (day, month in roman numbers, made more material available for study. -
(Diptera) of the Thar Desert
Rec. zoo/. Surv. India: 104 (Part 1-2) : 147-155, 2005 INVENTORY OF THE TRUE FLIES (DIPTERA) OF THE THAR DESERT BULGANIN MITRA, R. M. SHARMA* AND P. PARUI Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, India INTRODUCTION Great Indian Desert or the Thar Desert with its xeric environment is known to harbour an improvised fauna. The members of the order Diptera are commonly known as flies, gnats, midges, mosquitoes, keds, bots, etc. This diversity of names documents the importance of the group to man and reflects the range of organisms in the order. However, it is admittedly true that there is a paucity of knowledge on the account that does not show the Diptera of distinction that are absolutely prone to the arid and semi-arid situations in the desert. A perusal of literature revealed that Kumar and Kumar (1996) have provided first exhaustive list of dipterans of the Thar Desert enumerating 84 species belonging to 45 genera spread over 22 families. However, recent studies on this group from Thar Desert by Parui and Mitra (2000), Banerjee and Mitra (2002) and Mitra et al., (2002) have further substantially increased our knowledge bringing the tally of the species to 155 belonging to 77 genera spread over 27 families. The systematic list is as follows : Suborder NEMATOCERA Family 1. PHLEBOTOMIDAE 1. Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) colabaensis Young & Chalam 2. Phlebotomus (Euph lebo tom us) argentipes Annandale & Brunetti 3. Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti Parrot 4. Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) papatasii Scopoli 5. Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) salehi Mesghali *High Altitude Zoology Field Station, Zoological Survey of India, Solan-173 211, (H.P.). -
Zootaxa 2157: 1–33 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (Print Edition) Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (Online Edition)
Zootaxa 2157: 1–33 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Revision of the stiletto fly genus Neodialineura Mann (Diptera: Therevidae): an empirical example of cybertaxonomy SHAUN L. WINTERTON1,2 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia 4072. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Queensland Primary Industries & Fisheries, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia, 4068 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:37F5AC48-EC3A-47ED-902B-2BD1467CCA72 Table of contents Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Materials and methods ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Taxonomy............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Key to Neodialineura species .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Neodialineura ataxia sp. nov. ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Neodialineura atmis sp. nov. ................................................................................................................................... -
Song Dissertation
SYSTEMATICS OF CYRTACANTHACRIDINAE (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) WITH A FOCUS ON THE GENUS SCHISTOCERCA STÅL 1873: EVOLUTION OF LOCUST PHASE POLYPHENISM AND STUDY OF INSECT GENITALIA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Hojun Song, M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2006 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John W. Wenzel, Advisor Dr. Norman F. Johnson ______________________________ Dr. Johannes S. H. Klompen Advisor Graduate Program in Entomology Copyright by Hojun Song 2006 ABSTRACT The systematics of Cyrtacanthacridinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is investigated to study the evolution of locust phase polyphenism, biogeography, and the evolution of male genitalia. In Chapter Two, I present a comprehensive taxonomic synopsis of the genus Schistocerca Stål. I review the taxonomic history, include an identification key to species, revise the species concepts of six species and describe a new species. In Chapter Three, I present a morphological phylogeny of Schistocerca, focusing on the biogeography. The phylogeny places the desert locust S. gregaria deep within the New World clade, suggesting that the desert locust originated from the New World. In Chapter Four, I review the systematics of Cyrtacanthacridinae and present a phylogeny based on morphology. Evolution of taxonomically important characters is investigated using a character optimization analysis. The biogeography of the subfamily is also addressed. In Chapter Five, I present a comprehensive review the recent advances in the study of locust phase polyphenism from various disciplines. The review reveals that locust phase polyphenism is a complex phenomenon consisting of numerous density-dependent phenotypically plastic traits. -
Finnish Flies of the Family Therevidae
© Entomologica Fennica. 3 March 2006 Finnish flies of the family Therevidae Antti Haarto & Kaj Winqvist Haarto, A. & Winqvist, K. 2006: Finnish flies of the family Therevidae. — Ento- mol. Fennica 17: 46–55. An illustrated key for the 17 Finnish species of Therevidae is presented that in- cludes six species recorded from neighbouring areas. Distributions of the Finnish species are discussed and presented in maps; evaluations concerning the threatenedness status of Finnish species are included. Antti Haarto, Zoological Museum, Section of Biodiversity and Environmental Science, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; E-mail: antti.haarto @turkuamk.fi Kaj Winqvist, Zoological Museum, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Fin- land; E-mail: [email protected] Received 31 January 2005, accepted 13 July 2005 1. Introduction book on lower Brachycera (Stubbs & Drake 2001) lacks many Finnish species. The most ac- Flies of the family Therevidae belong to the sub- curate key for determining Finnish Therevidae order Brachycera and are relatively large Diptera. was presented by Lyneborg and Spitzer (1974); Unlike Asilidae, a morphologically and biologi- this key covers the Czech Republic fauna. cally close family, adults of Therevidae are not The purpose of this article is to provide an up- predatory and lack the deep groove between the dated key for the Finnish Therevidae and some eyes characteristic of Asilidae. species found in the neighbouring countries. The In Finland, there has been very little informa- distribution and habitat associations for each spe- tion published on Therevidae. Frey (1911) listed cies are briefly discussed based on the few avail- some of the oldest records for the lower able distributional and ecological data.