CENTRAL TEXAS MODEL UN CRISIS COMMITTEES Restoring Glory: Warsaw Pact, 1980s CRISIS DIRECTORS | Josh Meaders & Arthur Ji SPRING 2021 COPYRIGHT NOTICE The contents of this document and any supplementary material are the sole intellectual property of Central Texas Model United Nations. It may not be reproduced, republished, or used without the express written permission of Central Texas Model United Nations. Please email [email protected] with any questions. GLOBAL SIMULATION RULES & PROCEDURES WHAT IS THE GLOBAL SIMULATION The Global Simulation is a collection of committees that all occur during the same time period and in the same crisis world. Crisis directors and The crisis staff work together across committees to develop an immersive experience that truly gives delegates a holistic crisis experience. This experience, pioneered by and unique to CTMUN, has been adapted to meet the digital format. Eightie Though these committees are set in distinct regions of the world, they WEST GERMANY have the ability to interact with one another, and the decisions made in CRISIS DIRECTOR | SAAMIA one committee affect the global course of events in all of the global IMTIAZs simulation committees. EAST GERMANY Committees will be expected to concentrate on the issues facing CRISIS DIRECTOR | JP REPPETO their own respective committee, as any crisis committee, but their decisions will also have global consequences across all committees. REAGAN’S CABINET Delegates will have the opportunity to communicate with other CRISIS DIRECTOR | EMILY committees through official channels as well as take part in global BARTON & MARYAM NASEER summits, negotiations, and UN Security Council meetings that bring the committees together in order to sue for peace. UNITED KINGDOM CRISIS DIRECTOR | ALEX HOLSINGER HOW DO DELEGATES COMMUNICATE WITH ARGENTINA OTHER COMMITTEES CRISIS DIRECTOR | MIMI Delegates can send a message to another committee by passing an MARTINEZ & MARIO DEPAVIA official committee communique or by sending a secret crisis note on Discord. WARSAW PACT CRISIS DIRECTOR | JOSH Be aware, sending a crisis note can leave delegates exposed if MEADERS 7 ARTHUR JI someone discovers that they are communicating with a foreign nation in secrecy! LEBANESE CIVIL WAR HOW DO DELEGATES CALL FOR SUMMITS CRISIS DIRECTOR | ALEXANDRA BETWEEN NATIONS SABA & MIA WEISSBLUTH Global Summit Committees can call for a summit where two or more committees send COLD WAR representatives to meet on a Zoom call. Committees must pass a ESPIONAGE communique to request or accept an invitation for a global summit, CRISIS DIRECTOR | JACKIE followed by a vote to elect two delegates as representatives. CHENG & FINLAY SCANLON NOTE TO DELEGATES FROM THE CHIEF OF CRISIS Dear Delegates, On behalf of the entire Office of the Secretary General, I would like to welcome you to our Digital Spring Crisis Conference. My name is Nick Eastwood and I have the distinct pleasure of serving as the Chief of Crisis this year. I attended my first CTMUN conference as a freshman in high school nearly 7 years ago, and I continue to look back fondly on every conference since. This past year has certainly been unusual, but because of the immense dedication of our crisis directors and crisis staff CTMUN continues to deliver the most exceptional conference in the South. We are immensely grateful for the time each and every member of our staff puts into this conference and are indebted to them for their continued efforts in this newfound environment. I hope that during your brief time with us at CTMUN that you may immerse yourself into your role and have the same opportunity to experience breakthrough moments as I did nearly seven years ago. As the future leaders of tomorrow, I hope you take this conference as an opportunity to learn about foreign affairs not though a textbook but by experiencing diplomacy in practice. Hook’em, Nick Eastwood Chief of Crisis [email protected] NOTE TO DELEGATES FROM THE CRISIS DIRECTOR Dear Delegates, Welcome comrades to Restoring Glory: Warsaw Pact during the 1980s! My name is Josh Meaders, and I am a second-year Russian, East European and Eurasian Studies and International Relations and Global Studies dual major. I first got involved with Model United Nations in high school by attending a conference at the University of Oklahoma (yeah, I know… sad…). I had a lot of fun and tried to start a Model UN club at my school, but it did not really pan out. After coming to UT in the fall 2019, I joined CTMUN and had so much fun with crisis committees. I am excited to have the opportunity to serve as your Crisis Director this spring! I want this to be a memorable, enjoyable, and educational experience for all of you! Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions about the guide or UT in general. Hook’em, Josh Meaders Crisis Director [email protected] NOTE TO DELEGATES FROM THE CRISIS DIRECTOR Dear Delegates, Excited to have you all onboard for our exciting Warsaw Pact committee of the CTMUN 1980s Simulation! My name is Arthur Ji, and I am a freshman Computer Science and Business Honors dual major here at UT Austin. I’m actually from the Bay Area in California, so let me know if you have any questions about Silicon Valley. I was deeply involved in Model UN throughout high school, and served as a training officer for my high school team. I hope that I can use this experience to bring you an engaging and dynamic experience! Especially if you haven’t had as much experience with crisis, I hope that this is a chance to learn the tricks and tips of being a powerful leader in a crisis committee. Let me know if you have any questions for me about developing your Model UN skills or my college experience! Hook’em, Arthur Ji Crisis Director [email protected] BACKGROUND INFORMATION OVERVIEW OF THE COLD WAR With the conclusion of World War II, the world found its power dynamics completely shifted. Western Europe, previously the centerpiece of geopolitics, had its economies destroyed, its governments shaken, and its power and influence diminished. Now, all attention turned to the two core global powers: the Soviet Union and the United States. While an uneasy alliance between the two powers existed to fend off Nazi aggression, the United States and United Kingdom grew increasingly worried that Soviet influence would spread quickly across Eastern and Central Europe. In response, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed as a collective defense alliance spanning across Europe and North America. Threatened by NATO, in 1955, the USSR and 7 Eastern Bloc members signed the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, effectively forming the Warsaw Pact. Members included Albania (withdrew in 1968), Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union. NUCLEAR ARMS RACE In 1945, the United Nations was founded to maintain international peace and security. In 1946, the United Nations General Assembly discussed the future of nuclear weapons, establishing the UN Atomic Energy Commission. The USSR proposed universal nuclear disarmament, while the United States proposed the Baruch Plan, in which an international authority would control all dangerous atomic activities. Both the USSR and the U.S. disagreed with each other’s plans, furthering tensions between the two powers. By the 1950s, both the Soviet Union and the United States had enough nuclear technology and power to destroy the other side. This situation became known as Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), in which both sides knew any attack on the other would be devastating not only to the other side but also to themselves. Similarly, both nations had second-strike capabilities, or the ability to respond to a nuclear attack with an equally powerful nuclear attack. This prevented one side from attacking the other, signifying the tensions as a “Cold” War, in which the war was waged on political, economic, and propaganda fronts instead of through direct military confrontation. After the death of Stalin in 1953, the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev ushered in an era of improved foreign relations and economic reforms within the USSR, referred to as the “Khrushchev Thaw.” He began reducing the Soviet military while still increasing its missile arsenal and advancing its space program. Khrushchev visited the United States and engaged in multiple informal debates over the merits of the different economic systems, as well as meeting with American leaders. The issue of Berlin’s division, which previously had been a source of great contention, was postponed for resolution over a summit. CENTRAL TEXAS MODEL UN7 Hungarian Revolution of 1956 Initially after WWII, Hungary started with a multi-party system controlled by the Communist Party but transitioned into the People’s Republic of Hungary. The new government quickly radicalized the economy towards socialism and the Soviet economic model. Under the leadership of First Secretary Mátyás Rákosi, the government of Hungary became incredibly authoritarian. With Stalin’s death in 1953, repressed resentments led to renewed hope for liberalization. Rákosi’s resignation emboldening students and intellectuals to gather in the thousands in “Petőfi circles” to discuss pressing social problems in Hungary. In October 1956, a small group of 12 students heard that the Hungarian Writers' Union planned on expressing solidarity with pro- reform movements in Poland by organizing a parallel demonstration. While their protest started at a mere 20,000 people, the crowd soon swelled to over 200,000 protestors. The angry mob then proceeded to topple a statue of Stalin, and then fought their way into the headquarters of the Hungarian Radio to voice their resentment. With things out of control, Hungarian First Secretary Ernő Gerő turned to the Soviet government, requesting military backup.